·单句

第一篇：·单句

·单句

１、单句的种类：

单句是由短语或单个的词构成的句子。

可分为主谓句非主谓句两类。

(1)主谓句：由主谓短语带上一定的语气语调构成的句子。例如：

茶桌擦得滑溜溜的发光。

他非常健康。

(2)非主谓句：由主谓短语以外的其他短语或单个的构成。例如：

飞机！

站住！有人敲门。

２、几种特殊单句：

主谓句中，动词谓语复杂多样，有些句式在结构和表达上有些特殊句式有：把字句、被字句、连动句、兼语句、是字句、存现句。

(1)把字句

把字句是主谓句的一种。句中谓语一般都是及物动词、而且不能是单个儿的动词，应当是单个短语和动词的连用形式。例如：

我们把豹子打死了。

郭全海把玉石眼追了回来。

(2)被子句

被子句是被动句，是主语接受动作的句子。被动句中的主语是受事者，由介词“被”引了主动者与“被”字构成的介宾短语在句中作状语。例如：

豹子[被我们]打死了。

有时句中只有介词“被”没有主动者（被的宾语）如：

在罗马百花广场，布鲁诺[被]活活烧死了。

把字句和被字顺的典型结构都是：“主语＋状语＋动词＋补语”，口语中常用“叫”“让”“给”来代替“被”。

(3)连动句

连动句是用连动短评充当谓语的句子。连动句的谓语就是两个动词短语（很少用单个动词）连用。两个动词短语，互不作成分，而是共同作谓语，但在语义上有目的和方式、原因和结果、先和后的关系。因此短语的位置顺序不能相互颠倒，中间也没有语音停顿。如：

他搜集着一片片的干苔藓烧水喝。（目的）

凭着他的求生的意志，他还是挣扎着蠕动爬行。（方式）

由于长期的劳累过度，李老师终于生病住院了。（因果）

综上所述，判断一个句子是不是连动句主要三点：

一是必须有两个动词连用陈述一个主语。

二是两个动词短语互不作成分，而在意义上有目的，方式，原因，结果，后先的关系，位置不能互换。

三是两个动词短语中间不能有语音停顿。

(4)兼语句

兼语句是用兼语短语充当谓语的句子。它有下列特点：

第一，兼语句的谓语是由动宾的宾语，兼做主谓短语的主语。例如：

母亲 叫 闰土 坐

“闰土”既作“叫”的宾语，又作“坐”的主语，“闰土”因一身兼二任，所以叫做兼语。

第二，兼语句多有命令的意思，所以句中前一个谓语

多由使令动词充当。常见的使令动词有：使、让、叫、派、命令、吩咐、禁止、请求、选举、教、劝、号召等。此外

前一个谓语也可以是“有”字。如：

大家一致选小萍做代表。

我有个弟弟今年考大学。

第三，兼语句中兼语的谓语（第二个动词）是前边动作所要表达的目的或产生的结果。即兼语前后两个动词的语义上有一定联系。如：

护士叫他快去请大夫。（“去请大夫”是“叫他”的目的。）

这不由得使我们想起松树的风格。

句中的兼语的谓语“想起”是前一个动词“使”的结果。

连动句，可以连续叙述一个人的几个动作；兼语句，则可以连续叙述几个人的几个动作。连动句可以扩展，连动套接兼语；兼语句也可以扩展，兼语套接连动。如：

叔叔｜打电话叫我去。

妈妈｜叫禁止小妹骑车乱闯。

(5)是字句

是字句专指由动词“是”构成的判句。在是字句中，“是”的作用是判断主语和宾语的关系。主语和宾语有两种关系，一是同一关系，二是从属关系。同一关系就是对等关系，一般的“定义”就是这种关系，即甲＝乙。如：

正方形是四条边等长、四个角相等的四边形。

从属是主语属于宾语，即宾语是一个大类，主语是其中之一。如：

《读者文摘》是杂志。

(6)存现句

表示人、事物存在或出现、消失的句子是存现句。存现句的特点有三：

第一，主语常是处所词或时间词。如：

门口｜站着两个兵。

台上｜坐着主席团。

第二，存现句的谓语多是表示存在、产生、消失的动词，即不表示动作，只表示动作产生状态的持续。如：

海上｜升起了一轮明月。（表示出现）

到处｜是欢乐的从群。（表示存在）

第三，存现句的宾语往往是动作的发出者。因此有的存现句可以转换为一般主谓句。如：

门吕站着两个兵－－两个兵在门口站着。

台上坐着主席团－－主席团在台上坐着。

３、单句的复杂化和单句的分析

一个单句的各个成分都由词来充当，这个单句就简单，如果由复杂短语充当句子的某一个某几个成分，单句就复杂了。这各复杂短语的道理是一样的。

复杂单句概括起来说有两大类：

(1)单句的主语由短语或复杂短语来充当。如：

（白求恩同志毫不利已专门利人）的精神｜鼓舞着我们。（主语由偏正短语充当）

他们是世界上一切伟大人民的优秀之花。（宾语由偏正短语充当）

(2)单句的附加成分复杂化。如：

这是（我的老朋友）的作品。（定语由编正短语充当）

1949年10月1日，毛主席在天安门城楼上向全世界人民庄严宣告：“中华人民共和国成立了！”（状语由多个短语充当）

我们的同学来（自全国各地）。（补语由介宾短语充当）

还有的句子由复句结构充当了句子成分。如：

我相信，雷锋的样样不仅给我们指出了正确的生活道路，而且加强了我们同一切旧思想、旧习惯坚决斗争的勇气。

复杂单句要进行分析时，需先找出主干。单句的主干是指把句中所有的定语、状语、补语都压缩掉以后剩下的部分，也就是主语（或主语的的中心语）＋动词（或动词的中心语）＋宾语（或宾语的中心语）。找出句子主干常常是检查病句的好方法。

分析句子的具体步骤如下：

第一步，用“｜”表示主谓句，界分主语和谓语。“｜”之前是主语，“｜”之后是谓语。如上面例名句(1)和(2)

第二步，再分别分析“｜”前的主语和“｜”后的谓语。例如：

（鲁迅先生的第一个）特点｜是（他的政治）远见。

（严肃的对待文章内容）的人｜ {一定也在文章形式方面}提出（严格）要求。

一般情况下，句子分析到此就可以了。如果某一成分是个复杂短语（如例句(2)的主语）还可以用框式图解法进行再分析。如：

严肃 的 对待 文章 内容 的 人

│ 偏 正 │ │偏正│ │

└─┬──┘ └─┬┘ │

│ 动 宾 │ │

└───────┘ 偏 正 │

└────────┘

分析句子，明确句子结构，不但可以更好地理解句意，同时能够检查出成分之间搭配是否合适，句子是否完整等。

第二篇：·单句分类

·单句分类

*单句分类:

A.主谓句：

1.名词谓语句：后天||中秋节。

2.动词谓语句：

a.一般句式:荷花||开了。

b.特殊句式：

<1>把字句:他们(把)对方打败了。

<2>被字句:对方(被)他们打败了。

<3>连动句:我(去)书店(买)书。

<4>兼语句:校长叫(主任)主持会议。

<5>是字句:我们(是)龙的传人。

<6>存现句:(讲台上)放着黑板擦。

3.形容词谓语句：建筑||雄伟。

4.主谓谓语句：这部电影||我看过。

B.非主谓句：

1.名词非主谓句:漂亮的玫瑰花！

2.动词非主谓句:立正！

3.形容词非主谓句:多好啊！

4.叹词、拟声词非主谓句:嗨！叮铛！

*句子基本成份和主干

(定语)+主中||[状语]+谓中+<补语>+(定语)+宾中

(他)的 妈妈|| [只] 牵 <回>(一头)+小牛

主中＝主语中心语 谓中＝谓语中心语 宾中＝宾语中心语

口诀：

主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。

定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。

状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。

*句子常见毛病：

1.成份残缺：听了老山英雄的话，使我受到很大的教育。

（缺主语。要么“讲话”作主语,去掉“听了”;要么“我”作主语,去掉“使”。)

2.搭配不当：路旁种植着果树。

（动宾搭配不当）

3.语序不当：这是有效的管理学校的方法。

（修饰语序不当，“有效的”应挪到“方法”前）

4.句式杂糅；我前天观赏了这个根雕是很有特色的。

（“我前天观赏了这个根雕”和“这个根雕是很有特色的”。）

5.不合事理:今天,班主任把许多同学的父母和家长请来了。

（“父母”包括在家长中，与“家长”不能并列，应去其一。）

第三篇：单句改错

Part1.高考短文改错试题设置形式

短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（/）。并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。PartII 常见错误：

1、行文逻辑

2、上下文一致

3、词的搭配和词本身的用法

一、行文逻辑错误

语意矛盾：and-but

come –go

luckily-unluckily

here-there 语意重复：because-so;

though-but;

repeat-again;

improve-better;enter into;

marry with;

in last week;

all what;

the place where he lives in;the girl whom he works with her;主系表+to do it.练习：

1.I like singing, my brother likes playing football.2.Do you like sports? If not, join our football team.3.Unless you lose heart ,you’ll fail.4.He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there.5.Though it was cold, but he went out.二、上下文一致 1.时态一致 2.主谓一致 3.指代一致

4.平行结构前后要一致

5.名词单复数与修饰语和上下文要一致 1.时态一致

1)I would like very much to come but I had an examination tomorrow.2)He offered me coffee and other drinks.We have a good time together.3)I’m sorry, I forget to post your letter.2.主谓一致

1)The students watches the teacher doing the experiment.2)Helping him are worthwhile.3)He as well as his friends know nothing about it.4).Not only he but also I keeps it a secret.3.指代一致

1)Pass Rose and I two pieces of bread, please.2)The football team has done well this year.All of their members have tried hard.3)He drove too fast and the police stopped her.4)This is true that he died in an accident yesterday.5)This is the best film which I have ever seen.6）The weather in Beijing is warmer than it in Jilin.4.平行结构前后要一致

1)He came in, opening his book and began to speak.2)She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table.3)He wanted his children to come out and played.4)The more he has, and the more he wants.5)Sitting down, and he began to work.6)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.总结：平行结构连接词：and;but;or;both...and;not...but, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but(also), rather than，instead of

5.名词单复数与修饰语和上下文要一致 1)只修饰可数名词：a large/ great/ good number of, a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few 2)只修饰不可数名词：a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little 3)抽象名词具体化：a success;a failure;a surprise, 4)物质名词表一场、一杯、一份 a heavy rain;a coffee 5)常见的不可数名词：fun;advice;information;furniture;progress;luggage/baggage 6)零冠词：

1.三餐、季节和学科

2.表职务、头衔的表语、同位语或补足语

3.球类运动和棋类游戏

4.by+交通工具 练习：

1)We study quite a few subject, such as maths , Chinese and physics.2)He gave me some valuable advices on how to learn English.3)It is pleasure to help others when they are in trouble.4)Large quantities of water is needed for cooling purpose.5)A overpass should be bulit over the road to avoid accidents.三、词的搭配及词本身的用法 1.动词

1)We should stop the children from play fire.2)He sat under the tree ate an apple.3)He wanted try it again.4)Do you know where he is lives ?

5)What your favorite sports? 6)The song has taught many times.7)What had been happened? 8)Play basketball is his favourite sport.9)He reading English in the morning every day.10.The news was really excited.11.He across the street quickly.12.The water is felt cold.13.He made me to post a letter for him.14.Working hard and you’ll succeed.总结：非谓语用法：主动关系用doing,被动用done ①实意动词一般时前不用be;

②vt被动不可缺be； ③vi不能被动故无be;

④系表结构中不可少be.2.形容词和副词

①系动词+形容词 ② 主 谓 宾+补语（形容词）

③形容词 +名词 ④句子+形容词（伴随状语）

① V +副词 ② 副词 +形容词③副词 + 副词④副词 +过去分词⑤副词 + 句子 1)The fish has gone bad.It tastes terribly.2)He walked very slow.3)The bad news made us sadly.4)People have been great helped by the computer.5)They think high of their new teacher.6)This dancer is much more younger than that one.注意：副词与形容词含义不同

l)close接近地

closely仔细地，密切地 2)free免费地

freely自由地，无拘束地 3)hard努力地

hardly几乎不 4)late晚，迟

lately近来 5)most极，非常

mostly主要地 6)wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地

7)high高

highly高度地，非常地 8)deep深，迟

deeply抽象意义的“深”

9)loud大声地

loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)10)near邻近

nearly几乎 做题步骤：

1.浏览全文，掌握大意

2分句阅读，逐行找错

3.检查核对，攻克难点 总结：

1.浏览全文看语意

2.句为单位查一致

3.逐个词汇找搭配

4.句子结构成分对

改错专题

一．“ 九见九查”法

（一）见平行结构（and连接）。查是否有用词不一致的错误 1.The doctor suggested plenty of food ,rest and exercising

2.She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived.3.She screamed , pushed him away and run to her room for the rest of the day.（二）见比较结构，查是否有形容词等级，程度副词，比较连词，比较对象的使用错误 1.Tom is clever than John.2.People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.3.Tom is as clever than John

4.There are more trees in villages than cities

(三)见有转折，因果，对比等句子结构，查是否有行文逻辑错误 1.I like singing , my brother likes dancing

2.A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy , and he ran away.3.Though I worked hard , but I failed to pass the exam.(四)见有多重句，查是否有时态语态混乱，引导词不当，成分缺失错误 1.He said that he is writing a new novel 2.Our task has finished so far.3.Whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.4.Tom asks Mark if he knows the man is speaking to him

（五）见有名词，代词，查是否有数、格、指代错误 1.Different people speak different language.2.Tom book is on the desk.3.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.（六）见有并列主语，从句做主语，动名词，不定式做主语，时间，距离，金钱等做主语，together with 等引导的成分修饰主语时，查是否有主谓不一致错误 1.Tom and John is good students.2.That the earth is round are known to us.3.What he needs are money.4.What he wants is three books.5.The family are a rich one and the family is very friendly.6 Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit

7.Thirty dollars are enough.8.She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English.（七）见有短语，词组，查是否有固定结构中副词，介词或冠词使用不当错误 1.Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.2.When he came back , he found someone had broken in his house 3.In a fact he has three sons.4.Tom is seriously ill and he is in the hospital now.(八)见非谓语动词，查是否有非谓语动词使用错误 1.I enjoy watch TV.2.If heating , water can be changed into steam.3.She stood there , waited for his boy friend.(九)见有特殊动词或句型，查是否有句子语气错误 1.He ordered that the work must be started at once.2.It is high time that you go to school.讲后练：

（一）.Twenty minutes aren’t enough time to finish this test.2.Tom has sent to the nearest hospital.3.Whenever we couldn’t understand him, he will explain for us.4.They were made do the job from morning till night.5.Every means have been tried , but he won’t lose heart forever.6.How beautiful picture he has drawn!7.He was a medical student before he turned a writer.8.I was very angry ,but they were very angrier.9.She not only teaches our English , but also takes us out and shows us around.10.I will never forget the days when we spent together.11.He came to tell us that he had seen there.12.If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.13.We were having classes while someone knocked at the door.14.Nobody likes to be laughed as a fool.15.I want to find a hotel to live.16.We have to stay at home because the heavy rain.17.The reason why I didn’t go to France was I got a new job.18.If you will study hard , you will succeed.19.He was ill and his parents suggested that he had a medical examination.20.Today we invited Mr Bill , he is from England , to give us a lecture on how to improve our reading ability.讲后练

（二）：

Dear Peter

I’m sorry to hear that any of your classmates make a fun of you and you feel upset.Now I’d like to give you my suggestions.First of all ,you should take a right attitude to your disability , that is important.Secondly ,you’d better to ignore others’ remarks.Only in this way can you feel happy.Thirdly , it also help to believe in yourself and you will make a lot true friends.I’m sure what those who laugh at you will change his views on you sooner or later.I hope my advices will work and you can live happy.二 语法错误

（一）动词错误

1.Whenever we couldn’t understand him , he will explain for us.2.He was ill and his parents suggested that he had a medical examination.3.Nobody except my parents know anything about it.4.Tom is one of the students who is from Beijing.5.Tom is the only one of the students who are from Beijing 6.Twenty –five dollars are too much to pay for that shirt.7.Fifty minutes aren’t enough time to finish this test.8.Ten miles seem like a long walk to me.9.Tom has sent to the nearest hospital.10.The bike outside is belonged to him

11.You can’t borrow it so long.12.I have bought the book for three days.13.They had got in touch with each other for ages.14.He wanted to see the report about an important football match the night before.15.All the visitors will be separated into four groups.16.He felt someone shouting at him.17.They were made do the job from morning till night.18.The boy went over at once , opened his umbrella for the grandpa.19.Today , too many trees are still been cut through the world.20.The boy stood over there is my little brother.21.For the most part , students working to earn money for their own use 22.When everything ready , the party began.(二)名词错误

1.It is a great fun to go skating on cold winter days.2.Every means have been tried , but he won’t lose heart forever.3.He suddenly appeared on a rainy night ,which was great surprise to us.4.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.5, Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class.（三）冠词错误 1.Go and close window.2.I bought a book yesterday and book is ten yuan.3.Do you know older of the two boys ? 4.Whenever he eats out , he always eats a lot of food and spends too long a time at restaurant.5.I only want small supper.6.How beautiful picture he has drawn!7.Holding the Olympic Games is great success to a country.8.He died of the cancer.9.Mr.Li was elected the chairman of the meeting.10.He was a medical student before he turned a writer.11.On the way to the village , they met a 11-year –old boy

12.It is pleasure to help others when they are in trouble.13.The Turners are musical family.14.I have been living in the city for five years , five years makes a deep impression on me.15.His daughter plays piano very well.16.Finally we had good idea.（四）形容词与副词错误

1.He was lying in the hospital half deadly , with his ribs broken 2.What he said sounded quite perfectly , 3.It was raining heavily , Little Mary felt cold , so she stood closely to her mother.4.Teachers should receive farther education to catch up with the later development.5.Greenland , the large island in the world , covers two million square kilometers..6.It is generally true that the lower the stock markets fall , the high the price of gold rises 7.I was very angry , but they were very angrier.8.He is more cleverer than Tom.9.I feel fairly better today..The quicker a car is travelling , the longer it takes to stop.11.The book is very difficult for me.12.The members of the group are most young people 13.He mostly fell down.14.Tell the children to keep still , it’s not necessary to be anxious.15.I hope that you think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly.16.…… but he has to work if he wants to live comfortable.(五)代词错误 The twins begin to hate this kind of work with a force that destroy his happiness.2.She not only teaches our English , but also takes us out and shows us around.3.I teach me English.4.I think we will enjoy ourself.5.Oh ,dear.There are always not any taxis when you want it.6.He never helps other.7.He and his children felt tired but neither of them would stop for a rest.8.Today we invited Mr Bill , he is from England , to give us a lecture on how to improve our reading ability.9.He came to tell us that he had seen there.10.I will never forget the days when we spent together.11.Would you like any tea ?.There were 20 people around but no one helped the old man.13.---What is in the box ?----None 14.We need more three chairs.15.A bridge made of stone is stronger than that made of wood.16.The weather in Hangzhou is hotter than it in Beijing in summer.17.My pen is lost , and I’ll buy it.18.If you keep still , you can sit at both end of boat.19.Surely I’m expecting lots of sightseeing tours ,parties and another exciting things.（六）介词错误

1.In that particular evening ,there was a strange excitement in the air.2.The sunlight came in across the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.3.All of us had a good time on that day.4.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.5.Last Sunday we took a bus to visit to a farm.6.Unfortunately he found no room to live.7.Then they talked about what they had done since they graduated a university.8.Nobody likes to be laughed as a fool.9.He lives on 25, Nanjing Road , Shanghai.10.He helped the old man over the street.11.Your composition is good except a few spelling mistakes.12.On the font door stood a five-year –old boy from across the street.13.After autumn arrives , the city looks as an old man with falling from the tree.(七)情态动词错误

1.You can have a passport if you want to go abroad.2.Jeff mustn’t have been working hard for hours.He is not feeling tied.3.Some students may also to save up for their college or future use.4.He will recover soon.You can’t worry about him.5.Drivers can’t drive after drinking.6.You need be careful with your homework.7.Why can you do it that way.（八）连词错误

1.Which you can see , he is always ready to help others.2.Do like I told you.3.He was reading then he was walking.4.The thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.5.I am happy as you passed the exam.6.Go to find your watch.It’s there where you left it.7.How an interesting story he told us!8.I can’t remember the thing what he told me.9.If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.10.We were having classes while someone knocked at the door.11.Because we’ve finished most of the work , let’s have a rest.12.As hard he works , he can’t catch up with his classmates.13.I became very active but made new friends.14.While they find fish come to the surface , they fly down immediately and catch them without delay.三 句法和行文逻辑错误

（一）固定句型错误

1.When the child was a little boy , his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family.2.It took him several hours persuade her to give up the idea, 3.I spent three hours do my homework.4.It was in 1986 when I went to college.5.He was just about to get on the bus then he heard someone calling him.6.How do you think of the film?

7.How is the weather like today ?(二)简单句错误

1.There had a discussion on how to solve the problem yesterday afternoon.2.There are three students study in the room.3.Which do you prefer , horse riding and shooting? 4.His parents didn’t allow him to do that , did he? 5.You have never been to Beijing , haven’t you ? 6.Holding yourself steady and you will not lose the balance.7.Tom , you water the flowers , don’t you ? 8.How beautiful flowers he gave me!9.How difficult problem it is!(三)复合句错误

1.The clever boy made a hole in the wall , through it he would see what was happening inside the house.2.I’ll never forget the days when we spent in Qingdao

（四）行文逻辑错误

1.This was a lie ,and his teacher did not know.2.Clever as she is , but she works hard.3.Hi , everyone.First , let me tell you something more about myself.4.John and Jack went to the same school and then to the same university.So they hadn’t met each other since then.5.I’ll never forget the first day at the factory , we arrived here early in the morning.6.There were many great people in history.But many of them are poor in childhood.Schools were few and not good.They couldn’t depend on it for a good education.四

直击高考

（一）多一词的情况（介词，副词，连词，代词，助动词，冠词，小品词 to）1.The secretary told me that the manager was busy and I should come at some other tome.2.I met my uncle in last Sunday.3.At the last time I saw her , she was playing with her friends near the river 4.When we got to his house , we found him in home.5.The crowd waited for to greet them in England.6.Her strength made me stronger and gave to me courage to try things..7.It is about 200 miles far away from London , and it has a very big schoolyard.8.Although he is very young , but he can retell the story very fluently.9.My parents sent me an e-mail to ask whether how I was getting along with my studies.10.In some parts of the forest where you can find large groups of monkeys which are jumping up and down.11.Since you have visited Greece several times , so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings there.12.He writes about books about his travels and about the wild and wonderful animals that he collects them.13.The movement of the parts is beautiful to watch it if they are clear.14.I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.15.My first one job was to clean the tables in a small restaurant

16.If you will study hard , you will succeed.17.She had taught us English when I attended training courses two years ago.18.This experience has been shown that travelling by air actually is the safest way of making journeys.19.I’m glad to learn that you’ve been settled down in Boston ….20.We hung a sign on the front door that was read : “We’re having dinner.Come back later”

21.Wang Ping was badly ill last night.He was sent to the hospital.22.I told the boy not to write silly things in the public places.23.Music can bring people a pleasure.24.I’m glad you have made such a great progress.25.I will let someone to repair the TV set.26.On cold winter days , many cold-blooded animals have nothing to do but to go to their cave and sleep.27…..he can have the great happiness of seeing himself to make steady progress in his job.28.…..you always gave me special attention and inspired to me to join in activities.(二)缺一词的情况（介词，连词，冠词，小品词，代词，助动词）

1.I want to find a hotel to live 2.The ice is too thin for us to skate

3.We must pay attention to the use our body makes the food.4.We have to stay at home because the heavy rain.5.He was looking for a glass the cupboard.6.Because the help you gave that summer , my life changed.7.If the book you want is out , you may ask it to kept for you.8.The ground is wet , it rained last night.9.The reason I didn’t go to France was I got a new job.10.We had hardly finished our housework WangPing came to our house for a visit.11…..it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them.12.Birds , for example , have wings enable them to fly into the air at the sight of enemy.13.I put my bike outside a shop and went into the shop , forgetting to lock.14.And I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.15.First , the population is increasing , and more gas and other fuels are used.16.…..and I wonder if you’ll free then so we could chat about the good old days.17.I’m very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our English.18.Browns are all living in China.19.We have a music class once week.20.Man traveled to moon scores of years ago.21.Tomorrow is Sunday , we don’t need get up early.22.We were made work day and night in the factory.23.I will attend her birthday party if she invites me.24.I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport when you arrive.25.I’m writing to ask you come to our class for a visit.

第四篇：单句和复句如何区别

单句和复句如何区别？一般常从以下三个方面区别：

一、定义法。

单句是由短语或单个的词构成的句子，独立的表达一个相对完整的意思并且有一定的语气语调。可

分为主谓句非主谓句两类。

1、主谓句：由主谓短语带上一定的语气语调构成的句子。

例如： 同学们已经回到学校了。

他非常健康。

2、非主谓句：由主谓短语以外的其他短语或单个词的构成。

例如： 飞机！

站住！

有人敲门。

好极了！

复句由两个或两个以上意义紧密联系，结构相互独立的单句即分句组成的句子。组成复句的分句可

以是主谓句，也可以是非主谓句。

如：白云朵朵，阳光灿烂。蓝天，远树，金黄色的麦浪。

社会不同，阶级不同，骨气的具体含义也不同。

辨别单复句，不能片面看字数多少，句子中间有无停顿，关键要看句子包含了几套句子结构：只有一套的是单句；有两套或者两套以上的是复句。如：

A、我相信，你却不一定相信。（前后互不作句子成分，两套句子结构）

B、我相信，你一定会学好的。（后边作前边的宾语，一套句子结构）

二、抓主干法：

再长再复杂的单句都可用此法简缩成非常简洁明了的句子。且句子主干中只有一套主谓语部分。

例1：我们学校的两位有三十年教龄的优秀语文教师也当上了代表。主干：教师当代表。

例2：“这‖[对于一班见异思迁的人]，[对于一班鄙薄技术工作以为不足道、以为无出路的人]，[也]

是一个极好的教训。” 主干：这是教训。

三、外部标志法：

复句构成主要有两种形式，一是由两个或两个以上的分句按照一定的次序直接结合起来，这个复句没有关联词语。如：一轮红日在东方升起，灿烂的光辉照亮了大地。

另一种复句是借助关联词语组合起来的，对这种复句，只要划出表示各种意义的关联词语，就可知它是一个复句，这些关联词语就成了复句的外部语言标志。

如：这种桥不但形式优美，而且结构坚固。

关联词：不但……而且……（递进关系）

不过使用此方法有时还需要结合使用前两种方法，才能准确区别单复句，因为有些单句的某些成分有的也是由复句充当的。例：我们只是认为：无节制地信手乱花，即使是自己的劳动所得，也是有背于

节约精神的。

这个句子，“认为”的宾语是由一个二重复句充当的。如果看到有关联词就判定它是复句，那就错了。但只要结合前两种方法去判断，问题就可迎刃而解。

练习（单复句变换）

1、人民英雄纪念碑是一座巍峨的纪念碑，是一座雄伟的纪念碑，是一座庄严的纪念碑。

人民英雄纪念碑是一座巍峨的雄伟的庄严的纪念碑。

2、仙人掌有这样的功能，白天紧闭气孔，以防体内水分大量蒸发，夜间则把气孔打开，吸收二氧化碳，放出氧气，使室内空气更加新鲜，并且增加室内负离子浓度。

仙人掌有白天紧闭气孔，以防止体内水分大量蒸发，夜间则打气孔打开，吸收二氧化碳，放出氧气，使室内空气更加新鲜，并且增加室内负离子浓度的功能。

单句和复句是现代汉语中的两种句子，二者既密切相关，又有明显的区别。单句就是结构简单的句子，分为主谓句和非主谓句两种。而复句则是结构复杂的句子，是由两个或两个以上的单句构成的。单句和复句是两种重要句子，使用频率极高。在区分单句和复句方面，存在着许多误区，总结归纳起来，大致

有以下几种：

误区一：认为长句就是复句，短句就是单句

句子的长短并不是辨别单复句的方法，区别单复句的有效方法在于句子的结构。

如：1.这对于一班见异思迁的人，对于一班鄙薄技术工作以为不足道，以为无出路的人，也是一

个极好的教训。

2.蓝天，白云，黑土地。

例1句子比较长，很多人都认为它是复句，其实是个单句。因为这个句子是介宾短语充当状语，主语、谓语、宾语分别是“这”、“是”、“教训”。全句只有一套结构，所以是单句。例2虽短，但不是单句，而是复句。因为这个句子是由3个非主谓句构成的，不是一套结构。

误区二：认为有关联词的句子是复句，没有的是单句

关联词是复句的一个标志，因此很多人就把它作为辨别单复句的惟一标准。我们知道，复句的组成有两种形式，一是靠语序，二是靠关联词。有关联词的不一定是复句，无关联词的不一定是单句。

如：1.只有社会主义，才能救中国。

2.你去？我去？

例1有关联词，表面上看，似乎是复句，但仔细分析，就不难得出这样的结论：这个句子只有一个主谓结构，虽有关联词，却只起强调作用，故是单句。例2虽然没有关联词，但有两套结构，因而是

复句。

误区三：认为句子结构完整的是复句，残缺的是单句

有些人会分析句子成分，但一旦遇到“残缺”的句子，他们就手足无措。造成这种情况的主要原因是他们忽略了省略句。省略句是在一定的语言环境省略了某种句子成分的句子，分承前省和蒙后省两种。承前省就是后一分句承前一分句省略了自己的某种成分，蒙后省亦然。省略句表面上看好像是“残缺不全”，其实仍是结构完整的句子。

如：1.中国人民有志气，有能力，一定会在不远的将来赶上或超过世界先进水平。

2.加入了共青团，我今天非常高兴。

这两个句子到底是单句还是复句？例1是由三个分句构成的复句。其中第一分句是结构完整的主谓句，第二、第三分句是结构“残缺”的省略句，这三个分句的主语都是“中国人民”，二、三分句承前一分句省略了主语。所以，省略句是在一定语境中故意省去某种句子成分的句子，从其本质上讲仍是结构完整的句子。例2有许多人误认为是单句，究其原因，就是忽略了省略句，没有认识到前一分句蒙后一分句省

去了主语“我”的缘故。

那么如何正确地区分单句和复句呢？

其实，区分单句和复句并不难，只要能正确划分句子成分并能弄清句子结构，区分单复句，可以说是易如反掌。大家知道，构成复句的单句叫分句，分句具有独立性，彼此之间不作句子成分，换句话说，就是作为分句的单句只有一套结构，或者说只有一个主谓结构，而复句则必须有两套或两套以上的结

构。

对策一：凡是只有一套结构的句子是单句，否则是复句

如：1.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

2.我知道：前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

例1有两个主谓部分，有两套结构，是复句。例2的“前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。”虽然是个复句，但这个复句只作“知道”的宾语，全句只有一个主谓部分，只有一套结构，所以是单句。

对策二：有关联词的多是复句，但不一定都是复句

许多复句带有关联词，用关联词来辨别单复句虽不是科学的方法，但不失为一种简单而有效的方法。运用此法必须同第一种分辨方法结合，这样才能保证不出错误。

如：1.只有孔乙己到店，才可以笑几声，所以至今还记得。

2.不论在任何情况下，我们都要努力学习。

例1有关联词“只有”、“才”和“所以”，初步可以判断是复句，再看他的结构也不是一套，所以，可以肯定是复句。例2虽有关联词“不论”、“都”，然全句只有一套结构，应是单句。

对策三：利用标点符号来区分

句中有分号的是复句，有冒号或全句只有一个标点符号的句子是单句。分号是表示分句间的停顿，故句中有分号的句子一定是复句。冒号是表示总结、解释或提起下文的，故句中有冒号的句子是单句。

如：1.人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人。

2.我知道：前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

例1中有分号，是复句，是一个多重复句。例2中有冒号，只有一种结构关系，是单句。

第五篇：单句句子成分分析

单句句子成分分析

（1）大伙都散了。（《分马》)

（2）满树浅黄色的小花，并不出众。（《荔枝蜜》)

（3）我最不能忘记的是他的背影。（《背影》)

（4）利用物候知识来研究农业生产，已经发展为一门科学。（《大自然的语言》）

（5）那壮丽的柱廊，淡雅的色调，以及四周层次繁多的建筑立面，组成了一幅庄严绚丽的画图。（《雄伟的人民大会堂》)

（6）一张简陋的大竹床铺着厚厚的稻草。（《驿路梨花》)

（7）其实这种缩微技术，早在十九世纪普法战争时候就使用过了。（《从甲骨文到缩微图书馆》）

（8）桥脚上站在一个人，却是我们母亲。（鲁迅《社戏》）

（9）萧队长说过：先进的要带落后的。（《分马》）

（10）列宁主义认为：资本主义国家的无产阶级要拥护殖民地半殖民地人民的解放斗争，殖民地半殖民地的无产阶级要拥护资本主义国家的无产阶级的解放斗争，世界革命才能胜利。（《纪念白求恩》）

（11）现在人们叫它 故宫。（《故宫博物院》）

（12）我给她 一本书。

（13）蜜蜂螫了一下。（《荔枝蜜》）

（14）我独自一人游荡在田野里。（《挖荠菜》）

（15）从化的荔枝树多得像一片碧绿的大海，开花时节，那蜜蜂满野嘤嘤嗡嗡，忙得 忘记早晚，有时还趁着月色采花酿蜜。（《荔枝蜜》）

（16）我那时真是聪明 过分。（《背影》）

（17）年纪比我大的人，往往如此，我遇见过 好几回了。（《从百草园到三味书屋》）

（18）这时我看见他的背影，我的泪很快地流下来了。（《背影》）

（19）可我，总还是怀念那长在野地里的荠菜。（《挖荠菜》）

（20）老远就看见镶嵌在正门顶上的国徽的闪闪金光。（《雄伟的人民大会堂》）

（21）李四光这一生中还从来没有过一次这样舒畅和快乐的谈话。（《地质之光》）

（22）我们两人都不约而同地站了起来，沿着草坪旁用卵石铺成的小径 走到“北海”跟前。（萧乾《枣核》)