第一篇：汉译英单句翻译
1.根据它的叫声特点，人们把蝉又称作知了
Another name for the cicada is Zhiliao, or know all, for that’s how sounds to the Chinese.2.纪晓岚是乾隆的宠臣，曾三次任礼部尚书
Jixiaolan enjoyed great favor in Emperor Qianlong’s court and was times the Ministry of Rites.3.中国人又在正月十五晚上吃元宵，赏花灯的习俗。
The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.4.他的不合作态度是这个项目进展十分缓慢。
The project is making slow progress because of his uncooperativeness.5.你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并交费。
Whoever wants to join the spring out ing should sign up and pay the expenses before Friday.6.我觉得这个店里的衣服即使打折也还是太贵。
I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.7.就目前情况看，工程造价将会超出预算百分之三十。
8.万一你想取消这次旅行，请至少提前一个月书面通知我们
If you should want to cancel the trip, please notify us in writing at least one month in advance.9.想让他答应如此要求恐怕不大可能
I’mafraid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request
10.在董事会年会上，他请大家注意一个被普遍忽视的问题
At the annual meeting of the board of directors, he called everyone’s attention to a commonly ignored problem.11.听到这个消息，她心里一沉，但还是勉强挤出一点微笑。
Her heart sank when she heard the news, but she still managed to force a smile.12.收到请帖后她觉得左右为难，不知该不该接受
13.如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染
Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.14.如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。
If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are “fundamental parts” of writings.15.鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。
Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity,free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness, this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people.16.胎又瘪了。
We’ve got another flat tire.17.人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。We can not judge a person by appearance 18.在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。
The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan city in central China.19.健康不佳就无法有效工作。
Poor health may cause one’s inefficiency at work.20.北京地区由于近些年加强了植树造林，在一些地方飞来了稀有的鸟类。
Quite a few rare birds come to settle down in some places around Beijing thanks to the expansion of woods there these years.21.世纪交替，千年更迭，人类社会的发展正在揭开新的篇章。
The turn of the century has opened a new chapter in the development of human society.22.世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
At the turn of the century, China is most active in its diplomatic activities.23.你做这事不费吹灰之力。
It is very easy for you to do such a thing.24.决定把这问题到下次会上讨论。
It was decided to bring the matter up at the next meeting.25.这时我激动得说不出话来。
I am too excited to utter any words.26.成都新改建的府南河两岸将修建许多草坪和居民大楼。
Plenty of lawns and apartment houses will be built along both the banks of the newly-renovated Funan River.27.这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。
So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.28.有明显的迹象表明，一些古老的传统和价值观不再为年轻人所珍藏。
Obvious signs show that some old traditions and values are not cherished by youth any more.29.收音机的成本降低了80%。
The cost of radio sets was reduced by 80%.30.可以预见，在一个不太长的时间内，中国比在科学技术方面赶上世界最先进的国家。It can be predicted that China will catch up with the most advanced nations in the world in science and technology in not too long a time.31.好像有点不大对头。
There seems something wrong about it.32.古今中外，这种情况概莫能外。
There is no exception to this in modern or ancient times,in China or elsewhere.33.古今中外，在商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。
There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business.34.到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂杨，比那江南风景，觉得更具为有趣。When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.35.北京很好玩。
Beijing is a city to have fun.36.北京外来人口逐年增多。
The number of people from other places in Beijing increases yeat by year.37.从北京乘火车到郑州要花十多个小时。
It takes more than ten hours to ride by train from Beijing to Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan province near Beijing.38.总统明天准备乘专机前往上海参观访问。The president prepares to go to Shanghai by his special plane for a visit tomorrow.39.晚上过来跟我们一块打保龄球如何？
Would you come to join us for playing bowling this evening? 40.中央政府不敢与香港特别行政区的事务。
The central government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.41.中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。
The economy of China will converge with that of the world.42.新的经典不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了很大发展。
The emergence of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy.43.本文所讲的内容对通讯工程来说是很有趣的。
44.在零售和烹调行业方面，加班企业的买卖完全超过了国家办的。
45.和古庙正好个和相对的那座宝塔据说是明代的建筑。
46.我们大为惊奇的是，那幢经受强烈地震而幸存下来的唯一建筑物竟是砖木结构。
47.我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力
We should develop our ability to analyze and solve problems 48.要提倡顾全大局
We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation 49.这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清” It was the saying goes, “the observer is clear” 50.中国经济现在还处在落后状态 China’s economy is still backward 51.这些苹果你们四个人分
These apples shared by four people 52.她不把他当公公，而当作亲爹。
She considered him not a father-in-law but a father 53.我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面
Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and unpheaval 54.在交作业之前必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方
Before handing in your homework, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved 55.他声称男子气概和勇气只有在战场上才能得当考验
He claimed that manhood and courage could be test only on the battlefield
56.花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。
The garden was the paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed, and more money than could be spent.57.耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来闻气味，舌头用来藏滋味
The ear is the organ that is used for hearing.The nose is used for smelling.The tongue is used for tasting 58.天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那桌庙里过夜
As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night 59.人口对住房的压力减少，房价就会下降，建筑业自然就会削弱
When the pressure of population on housing decreases, pricesalso godown and the building industry is weakened 60.他用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛
She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes 61.俘虏往往沈明，又望望其他人，没有说下去
Looking at Shen Ming,then at the others,the prisoner of war fell silent 62.天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨
With the weather so dose and stuff, then to one it’ll rain presently 63.这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞
This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known ill-tempered brute.64.在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事业
Under the leadership of the party the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation 65.也许您忘记了7月份的购货帐还没有结算
Perhaps you have forgot the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled 66.多年来哪个国家一直有严重的失业现象
For many year there has been serious unemphyment in that country 67.谁不盼望自己有个健康的身体，又有谁不盼望能有一个幸福美满的家庭，其实家庭和健康之间存在着密切而不可分割的关系
Who doesn’t hope for a healthy physique and a happy family? As a matter of fact，there exists an intimate and inseparable relation between the family and health．
68.到目前为止，在西藏高原和其他地方建立起50多个机构研究西藏文化——藏学。1986年在北京还成立了一个西藏学中心
So far, more than 50 institutions of Tibetology—the study of Tibetan culture—have been set up in the plateau as well as other places and a Tibetan studies center was founded in Beijing in 1986
69.鼎湖山整个地区为热带、亚热带森林所覆盖，气候独特
Dinghu Mountain is covered by tropical as well as subtropical forest and has unique climate.70.该计划将有一个特别委员会加以审查
This plane will be examined by a special committee 71.广州地铁二号线的列车是从德国空运过来的。
The metro trains of line I in Guangzhou was transported from German 72.有些问题还需要澄清
These questions have to be clarified 73.当下众人七言八语
By now proposals of all kinds were being made 74.据说核电站正在筹建中 It is said that nuclear power plants are undered preparation for construction 75.他们努力尽可能快的速度提高产量
They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible 76.这是能想得出的最好解决办法
This is the best solution imaginable 77.避暑山庄和北京的故宫、山东曲阜的孔庙一样，是中国保存最完好的古代建筑群，也是中国现存规模最大的古典皇家园林
The Summer Palace of Chengde is one of the three best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China, the other two being the forbidden City in Beijing and the Confucian Temple in Qufu of Shandong Province.78.无云散掉之后，太阳又开始放射光芒。
The dark clouds having dispersed,the sun shone again 79.是他吃惊的是，她不仅没有表扬他，反而批评了他 To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him 80.我们得早点到达那里
We have to be there earlier 81.会议将于明天下午在国际会议厅举行
The meeting will be held in the International Conference Hall.82.我们上星期在他家饱餐了一顿
We ate to our heart’s content at her home last Sunday.83.我们明天早上七点钟动身
We shall start at seven tomorrow morning 84.他出生在绍兴附近的一个小村子里 He was born in a small village near ShaoXing 85.粗活
Heavy manual labor 86.臭豆腐 Stinking toufu 87.交通畅达
Nice traffic 88.我们畅谈了整整一夜
We talked the night over freely and to our heart’s content 89.他笨手笨脚的
He is too clumsy 90.你应丢掉不切实际的幻想
You should cast away any illusions 91.小说的情节错综复杂，引人入胜
The plot of the novel is intricate and fascinating 92.祖国的前途光辉灿烂
The future of our motherland shines with great splender 93.现在形势大好
Now the situation is excellent 94.大好时机 Golden opportunity 95.大干 Go all out 96.大白菜
Chinese Cabbage 97.他给多愁善感的玛丽写了封信 He wrote a letter to the sentimental Marie.98.大作收到，十分高兴。
I was very glad to have received your writing.99.我们响应了祖国的号召.We responded to the call of our motherland.100.我们的心永远向着祖国
Our hearts are always towards our motherland.101.雪下了一整夜，厚厚的积雪覆盖着地面
102.该定理的证明不困难
The proof of the law.103.现在人们越来越认识到这一方法是很有价值的 There is a growing awareness that this technique is of value.104.我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解学得妥当
We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.105.老师在等我，我得走了
My teacher is waiting for me, so I have to leave 106.她不来，我不走
If he doesn’t come, I shall not go 107.东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方
When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west；when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.108.送君千里，终有一别
Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last 109.我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别
We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country 110.那我们在山脚见吧
Let’s meet at the foot of the hill.111.你白天还是晚上飞广州？
Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night? 112.班门弄斧
Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter.113.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.114.心病终需心药治，解铃还须系铃人
No remedy but love can make the lovesick well, only the hand that tied the knot can loose the tiger’s bell.115.结婚大办酒席，是在可以免去了
Giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.116.我们把没收土地改为减租减息
We have altered the policy of confiscating the land of the landlords to the one of reducing the rent and interest.117.我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作 I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.118.野心不仅是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源 Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.119.说起季羡林先生的认真，那是出了名的
Professor Ji Xianlin had a reputation for being contentious.120.郭沫若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、用于革命的。”
Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.” 121.美国的战争景气，仅仅是一时的现象
The warboom in the United States of America was only temporary.122.这些都是人民内部矛盾的问题
All these are contradictions amidst the people 123.这些新兴汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活
The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.124.这个口号，是对于在中国和帝国主义国家的关系的问题上，特别是在中国和美国的关系的问题上，还抱有某些幻想的人们说的。
125.基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面，中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防弹轿车
The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present.126.匪军所至，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄，掠夺财物，无所不用其极
Wherever the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at
nothing.127.200公里航道上遍布着无数险滩。险滩上江流汹涌，回旋激荡，水击礁石，浪花飞溅。Numerous shoals scattered over the 200 km course give rise to many eddies.Pounding on the midstream rocks ,the river roars thunderously.128.我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政即无产阶级专政，坚持共产党领导，坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想
We must adhere to the socialist road, the people’s democratic dictatorship, the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
第二篇：汉译英翻译答案
广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。
The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music.The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south.Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing.The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。
The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity.In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。
Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television(CCTV)every day.It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program.It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs.Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich.As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.倡导低碳生活，提升公民节能减排意识是应对全球变暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么难事，只要人人都树立绿色环保意识，坚持从我做起、从身边小事做起，那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要让绿色环保理念深入人心。要把绿色环保活动融入工作生活的方方面面，要有针对性地开展低碳生活的知识培训；要积极倡导志愿者活动，全面宣传节能减排、环境保护等方面的知识，提高全社会的低碳环保意识。
Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens' consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming.Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult.Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all.To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular.We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life;we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle;we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。
Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country.As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day.They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics.Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate.Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。
中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。而随着改革开放和经济的发展，人口众多的大家庭开始分解，出现了越来越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费，并常去探望，帮他们干些家务活。在农村，尽管相当多的大家庭已经解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还是和父母住在同一个院子里，这样父母、子女可以互相帮助。
参考译文：
In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved.In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members.With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families.In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores.In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.
第三篇：英语六级汉译英翻译.doc
北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘，另外850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林。
市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反减排规定的行为。
2014年6月英语六级翻译真题及答案：治理污染
Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust.Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city.In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment.Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.
第四篇：汉译英翻译技巧
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Theory： Translation Process 1.The comprehension
1)Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.2)to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3)to understand word meaning 4)to seek help from dictionary 5)to attend to the role of logic 6)to know the role of context
汉英短语比较：
1、汉词英译法：
翻译词，基本任务是词义的对应转换，形式问题是第二位的任务。对应，又称“直译法。”但必须受一词多义和惯用法等机制的调节。
如：佳期wedding day，佳人 beautiful woman，佳节joyful festival，佳句well-turned phrase，佳音good news，佳肴dainty food
2阐释，主要是难以取得双语对应契合时，义恰如其分的铺衍方式加以解释，常见的是文化隔膜形成的对应障碍。如：城楼tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker
留用人员personnel kept on after reshuffle 民乐 traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城计 undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff
3引申，由一般的、泛指词义到具体的、特指词义的引申
如：时令
season 太平间 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments
轻生 commit suicide
体魄健壮的男孩an athletic boy 由具体的、特指词义到一般的、泛指词义的引申。如：连珠 in rapid succession
文盲 illiteracy
十二万分地（感激）extremely 慢镜头slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.我们客栈热诚欢迎来自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!
4转换：词类转换，句中肯、否定式 的转换，例：
人生琐事 the little nothings of life
等闲视之 think nothing of 家常便饭 make nothing of
请来吃顿家常便饭。Come along and take potluck
在北京，堵车是家常便饭。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.5.淡化（虚化）
“闹名利”译为：be out for fame and gain
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“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear
“洗耳恭听” listen with attentive ears
6.融合：紧缩语义的代偿手段
如：大小 size，长短length，轻重 weight 始终all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直：right and wrong 例1别理他，这人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.例2万一她有个好歹，请立刻打电话给我。
If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.例3 Don't cook us anything more.We'll have whatever there is.7.替代
目不识丁 not know one’s ABC
天字第一号A1 裙带风nepotism
中药三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋参）
金不换 precious(be more valuable than gold)
8.音译：
商标：百事可乐PepsiCola；
万事达Master
9.注释(exegesis)：
最常用的是音译加注（汉语范畴词category word）disco迪斯科舞
hamburg汉堡包
Benz奔驰车
The Times《泰晤士报》
春秋战国Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States，铁观音 Iron Guanyin tea
Toursim 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.该地区三面与公园带相连，四大开阔的广场有草坪有树木，打破了城市建筑的规律性。城区三面绿地环绕，四大广场草坪开阔，碧草绿树掩映，打破了城区建筑的单一布局。
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Eating 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃药 take medicine（下棋）吃掉一个子 take a piece 吃掉敌人一个团 annihilate an enemy regiment 连吃败仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一枪 get shot in the leg 吃闭门羹 be denied entrance at the door;be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold 吃醋 be jealous 吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission 这种纸不吃墨水。This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink.茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.我可不吃这一套。I won’t take all this lying down.他不务正业，专吃白食。He does not do any honest work and lives off others.你这老一套现在可吃不开了。Your old way of doing things won’t work now.这件事你如果说出去，我叫你吃不了兜着走。If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it.走这么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only those who endure the most become the highest.再重的卡车，这座桥也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry.你别想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.他要请我们吃馆子。He is going to invite us out to dinner.你要先考虑清楚，免得吃后悔药。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later.形势吃紧。The situation was critical.他那坚强的毅力使人吃惊。His will power is amazing.他工作努力，能吃苦。He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.他跑得不快，踢足球吃亏。He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer.我跑了一天路，感到吃力。After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.只要技术好，到哪儿都吃得开。A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.吃一堑，长一智。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
第五篇：汉译英翻译的技巧
汉译英翻译的技巧
一.正确认识翻译技巧
从中国人进行的翻译定位上看，无论是英译汉还是汉译英，其根本问题都在译者的英语水平或造诣上。英译汉的题型，关键在于理解原文；而汉译英的题型，关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识，将我们原本理解的相当明白的汉语文字，以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。笔者想提醒考生注意的是，各种翻译技巧只是工具。茅盾先生有一句话，如果两种语言的功底不够，那些技巧你也用不上；但若功底深厚，那些条条就成了不足取的框框。
因此，我们对于翻译技巧的讲解，只是大致谈几个方面，大家在翻译的过程中了解注意就可以了。关键在于遵循常用方法多做练习，只有经过大量的训练，不懈的练习，才可以熟能生巧。大家的英语水平提高了，词汇量有了一定的积累，各种句型结构熟透于心了，翻译水平自然会上去的。
二.关于汉译英的翻译技巧，我们大致需要注意这几方面：
1、翻译的基本方法：关于直译与意译
英语和汉语是两种不同的语言 ,每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统 ,在形态和句法方面二者存在很大差异。然而 ,两种语言之间又存在一些相似性。比如在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点 ,所以在翻译实践中 ,我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。直译和意译是两种重要的翻译方法。
直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。意译，也称为自由翻译 ,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。直译与意译相互关联、互为补充，同时,它们又互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。通过对直译与意译二者关系的正确理解,我们可以更多地认识到什么时候采用直译、什么时候采用意译，以及在运用直译与意译的时候所应该掌握的技巧、遵循的原则和应该注意的问题，最终达到提高翻译能力及水平的目的。
考生这里应当注意，直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译。例如：我们的朋友遍天下。如果译成 “Our friends are all over the world”是直译，而“We have friends all over the world”就是意译。直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨，意译则更多考虑英语的特点。总之，选择直译还是意译，应该根据文章具体需要而定，两种译法可以并用。
2、翻译的变通手段
翻译时不能简单地或机械地逐字照译，硬凑成英文，必须认真分析上下文，掌握词的确切含义，然后用适当的英文表达，必要时应采用变通手段。
1）增词、减词
译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。减词则是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水。
如“感冒可以通过人的手传染”可以译为Flu can be spread by hand contact.其中的contact(接触)就是根据译文需要添加上的。而“百姓出现做饭点火难现象”中的“现象”一词可以省略，只译成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表达原文中的信息。我们分别来看几个例句：
例1 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。
I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.（增形式主词it）
例2 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.（增连词）
例3 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何的错误。
He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.（省动词）
例4 人群渐渐静了下来。Silence came over the crowds.（省副词）
翻译的变通手段2）词类转换
词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，特别是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类，大部分可以直接转换使用，或者稍加变化(前缀、后缀等)即可转换为另一种词类。因此，词类转换是汉英翻译中很重要的手段之一。如果运用得当，既可使译文通顺流畅，也能反映出英语的风格特点。下面将英汉互译中最常见的词类转换现象，作一个简单的介绍。
A.汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词
汉语中动词用的较多，除了动宾结构外，还有连动式、兼语式等两个动词以上连用的现象。英语则不然，一句话往往只有一个谓语动词，但英语中的名词比汉语中的名词用的多。基于两种语言的这一特点，在汉译英时常把汉语中的动词转换为英语中的名词。例如： 你必须好好地照顾病人。
You must take good care of the patient.他善于观察。
He is a good observer.在上述两句中，“照顾”，“观察”都是动词，但译成英语，则用的是名词care和 observer。反之，在翻译过程中，有时也要把汉语中的名词转换成英语的动词。例如： 他的演讲给我们的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.汉语句子中“印象”是名词，英语句子中则换成了动词。
B.汉语中的动词转换为英语的形容词
汉语中一些表示知觉、情感的动词，往往可以转译成英语系动词+形容词的结构，例如： 我为他的健康担忧。
I am worried about his health.我们对她所做的一切感到满意。We are satisfied with what she did.C.汉语中的形容词转化为英语中的名词，反之亦然。你说他傻不傻？
Don't you think he is an idiot? 他的生日宴会很成功。
His birthday party was a great success.形容词“傻”换成了英语名词 an idiot；“成功”换成了英语名词success。
D.其它转换
除了最常见的名词、动词、形容词之间的转换，其它的词类根据需要也可以互相转换。不过要注意：这已不完全是词类转换的技巧，而是汉英思维和表达方式的不同了。例如： 露西和莉莉上同一个学校。
Lucy and Lily are in the same school.我反对这项法律。I am against the law.“上学”在汉语里是动词，而英语可以用介词in 表达；“反对”也是动词，英语用介词against 表示。
Robinhood often looted the rich and helped the poor.罗宾汉经常劫富济贫。
英语形容词rich, poor 换成了汉语的名词“富、贫”。She is physically weak but mentally sound.她体质差但头脑健全。
英语副词physically 转换成了汉语的名词“体质”。
翻译的变通手段3)语态转换
由于在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态，在汉译英时，人们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。事实上并非如此。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照原句的语态来翻译，往往会使译文显得十分别扭。所以我们在汉译英时需要灵活运用语态之间的转换。我们这里主要讲三种情况：
汉语被动句的构成大致可分为两类：一类带有明显的被动标记词（就是“被”“让”那些）；另一类则没有这种标记词。人们通常使用后一类型的被动句。但不论哪一种类型，翻译成英语时基本上仍可运用被动语态。
A.用“被、通过、让、给、遭、由、受、为……所”等标记词表示被动语态的汉语被动句。这类句子一般表示较强的被动意义，强调被动的动作。例1 这本书已经被译成多种语言。
译文：The book has already been translated into many languages.简评：原文强调的是“这本书”已经被翻译成多种语言，并不强调是“谁”翻译了这本书，不强调“翻译”这个动作的施动者。因此，英语译文采用被动语态完全符合原文表达内涵。例2 这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤。
译文：The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.简评：小男孩受了伤，这是全句要表达的中心意思。但是他为什么会受伤？被人打？被车撞？被石头绊？被异物砸？句子没有交代。一般情况下没人会自己伤害自己，因此在“受伤”这点上，男孩是动作的目标。中文采用“受”表明被动，英语也用被动语态来翻译，目的是阐述小男孩受伤这个事实。
带有上述被动标记的句子可以译成英语的被动句。但是，也并不是所有带有被动标记的句子都要这样处理，要具体情况具体对待。B.被动标记词不明显的汉语被动句。这类句子一般都有主语和谓语动词，但其主语实际上是动作承受者，并不是动作执行者。真正的动作执行者并没有出现。这样的句子形式上是主动句，含义上却是被动的。事实上，这种被动句在日常生活中使用频率更高，在译成英文时往往要采用被动语态。请看下列句子： 例3 门锁好了。
译文：The door has been locked up.简评：句子的主语是“门”，动作是“锁”。但是众所周知，一个非生命体“门”如何实施一个动作“锁”？很显然，“门”也许是妈妈锁上的。这句话没有一个表示被动语态的被动标记词，但却是一个经典的被动语态句。因此，翻译成英文时不能说成The door has locked itself.例4 这个问题早解决了。
译文：This problem has long been solved.简评：中文常说“问题有待解决”，这和本句结构相同，都是“解决”这个动作的目标——“问题”作整个句子的主语。但表示被动语态。英语里也只能说sb.solves the problem或 the problem is solved。
C.除此之外，汉语还存在一种“怪现象”，即：用主动语态来表达被动意义。例如“在……中”嵌入及物动词可用于表示被动意义。这种情况在译成英语时，一般也选择被动语态来翻译。例5 新住宅在建造中。
译文：New houses are being built.例6 新教材在印刷中。
译文：New textbooks are being printed.翻译的变通手段4）分译与合译
句子的分译与合译是较为复杂的课题，也是翻译中常需要解决的问题。通常情况下，长句要分译，短句要合译，但不可一概而论。决定分译与合译的重要因素还取决于句中的各个成分之间意思上的关联，以及该句与上下文之间含义的连贯，同时还要符合英语的表达习惯。A.句子的分译
需要分译的句子，多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果翻译成一个长句，就会使译文累赘、冗长；如果采用分译，就会使原文内容层次分明，译文易于理解。比如： 餐馆里只有几个人，或许是因为天气冷的缘故吧！
There were only a few people in the restaurant.Probably because of the cold weather!由于我们考试中一般太长的句子也不常见，故不多举例。B.句子的合译
尽管英语句子日趋简洁，但从句套从句，短语含短语也频频出现，较汉语而言长句多，所以在翻译中，就要把汉语的两个或多个句子合译为英语的一句。例如： 对我来说，我的小房间就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。
To me my small room is like my own little kingdom, where I am king.
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