第一篇:第五章 外贸汉译英广告翻译
第五章
外贸汉译英广告翻译
1翻译要求
外贸企业广告之所以要翻译成英语,无非是想让译者用英语向懂英语的人士宣传其产品或服务,以吸引投资或扩大消费人群。因此,我们可以分别从译者、语言、目标对象及广告的特点这四个方面来分别分析外贸广告英译要求。1.1译者要求
从事广告翻译工作者应该责任心强,对广告的主体不能不求甚解,望文生义,造成纯技术性的错误。曾经有人就将“激光唱片”译为“laser disc”,就是因为望文生义造成的。
译者对某一专业要有一定的了解,尤其是对于机械化工类及高新技术产品,它们不像日常用品一样为人所熟知,翻译前如果不下工夫学习,就会误译,这样就连作翻译最起码的要求都达不到。广告又是针对性很强的一种文体,张冠李戴或模糊不清会让人不知所云,更谈不上激发购买欲了。另外,为中国特有的事物作广告,最好先做实地实物考察,要避免名不副实。比如曾有人在旅游广告中将“白塔寺”译为“white pagoda temple”,而事实上此“白塔”非彼佛塔,而是藏式佛塔,即喇嘛塔(dagoba)。1.2语言要求
有些广告的英文版本虽不致造成理解上的困难,但由于译者受母语原型表达方式影响太深,行文生硬晦涩,不符合英语国家们的思维和表达习惯,形成了所谓的“中式英语”。在懂英语的人,尤其是以英语为母语的人看来,这种广告连最起码的语言通顺都没达到,更别说有吸引力了。比如下面两例:
例1“请喝王朝葡萄酒。”原译:“Please drink Dynasty.”改译:“Enjoy Dynasty.” 例2“武汉钢铁公司正式挂牌。”
原译:“Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation is firmly founded.”
改译:“Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation officially opened to business.” 1.3对象要求
译者绝不能满足于字面翻译,而要由此过渡到文化翻译,因为跨文化的语用错误远比语法错误更让人难以忍受。因此广告在翻译成英语时一定要迎和国外顾客对象的文化心理。而价值观念也是不容忽视。国内有些广告对荣誉证书和一些由四字短语构成的套话空词情有独钟,割舍不下,认为这些才是质量和信誉的证明。岂不知这对中国消费者来说或许尚能接受,但在以自我为中心的欧美文化中,人们讲求实用,关心的是产品的性能,实用价值和售后服务,对别人给的证明和口号只会不屑一顾。所以如果翻译时不去掉此类表述,只会适得其反。比如下面某一卷烟厂的广告: As one of the 500 large—sized enterprises in the country,it is proud that many of its products have been rated as of high quality and famous brands at the provincial level and have received the special awards as the “Best Selling Brand’’ and the “Most Trustworthy Shandong Product Among Consumers”. 1.4文体要求
广告是门艺术,是一种特殊文体,体现在语言上面尤为明显。比如说现代英美广告就崇尚流畅、亲切的口语及简短有力的表达方式,而且巧用修辞,感召力强;而汉语广告则有所不同。如果在把中文广告翻译成英文时不把两种广告不同的文体特点考虑在内,效果会大打折扣。
首先,与广告英语相比,广告汉语中套话太多,如“规格齐全,品种繁多”,“款式新颖,经久耐用,品质上乘”等等。如果我们亦步亦趋的照直翻译,往往会使语句拖沓繁冗,与广告英语简洁有力的风格背道而驰,只会引起读者的反感和抵抗心理。相反,如果做适当的改动或删减,则可做到事半功倍。如下面这则纽扣广告: 例3 “该厂能生产大衣、西装、时装、衬衣、毛衣等不同类型服装用的上千个花色品种的纽扣,产品规格齐全,品种繁多,造型新颖。”
原译:“The factory can produce thousands of types of buttons for coats,suits,fashions,shirts and sweaters.They have complete ranges of specification and various types and are novel in shape .”
改译:“The factory can produce various new types of buttons in thousands of different designs for coats,suits,fashions,shirts and sweaters.”
其次,修辞手段,如比喻、拟人、双关、对比等,以及幽默、悬念在中英文广告中运用得当的话,都会产生生动形象的效果。但在翻译时要谨慎,要根据英语语言的特点来表现原广告中想达到的效果,或保留或转换或舍弃或添加,切忌牵强生硬,弄巧成拙。比如飘柔洗发水广告中的“头发如丝般柔顺”,就依然可以用“silky hair”来表现。下面一则信息咨询公司的广告,在翻译时处理地也很好,不同的是它把中文中的对照手法换成了英文中句式的重复,重复的有趣,给人留下了深刻的印象:
例4“花最少的钱,得到最多的信息,随时恭候。”
“You can spend as little money as you want as much information as you want as often as you want.’’
具体到某一则广告来说,翻译时就要以整体为单位,译出这则广告的整体概念和情感。而广告无非分硬卖和软卖两种。硬卖类广告以传递信息为侧重点,通过介绍有关商品的优点特性来以理服人,语言准确清晰,朴实客观。此类广告的翻译应该重表意和语义对等,但求真实简明,不求辞藻华丽,在结构处理与表达上无须变动太大。而软卖类广告则以情动人,在商品与消费者间建立感情联系,激发购买的冲动,语言华丽生动,语气夸张,诱惑力强。翻译时不用逐字逐句对应,但求神到情到。当然,大部分广告是两种方法相结合的产物,只是侧重点不同而已。这时翻译要以此广告的目的为指导,作灵活处理。如下面一则广告及其英文版本都堪称上乘:
例5“中国景泰蓝,举世闻名。其精湛的工艺,卓越的品质来源于每道工序都一丝不苟,细致入微。今天,华美达国际酒店管理集团将这种一丝不苟、细致入微的服务理念再次带到武汉。“Profusely praised throughout the entire world,Cloisonne enamel made in China is an exquisite work of art capturing the essence of culture in its delicate craftsmanship and fine quality.Today,Ramada International Hotels apply the same precise concept in its service to you.’’
中文广告以举世闻名的景泰蓝作比,让人以为是在宣传此艺术品。可第二段话题一转,主角登场,原来是华美达酒店。于是在读者的印象中,精美的景泰蓝与服务细致入微的酒店划上了等号。而在英文版本中,译者也采用了此广告技巧,把读者对艺术品的赞美与喜爱巧妙地转移到了这个酒店中。用词考究精练,比喻生动。并且把“把这种一丝不苟、细致入微的服务理念再次带到了武汉”浓缩为“apply the same precise conception in its service to you”。免去了重复之嫌,愈让人对此酒店产生了好感。正如美国广告协会(ANA)所描述,广告的目的可归结为“ACCA”,即:“认识,理解,说服,行动”(awareness,comprehension,conviction and action)。广告翻译地成功与否,不在于它是否尽可能做到了“忠”或“信”,而在于它是否使读者为广告主体所吸引,而进一步成就贸易。
2广告中四字词组的翻译
随着我国加入世界贸易组织,企业对外宣传的广告文字也越来越多,大多是依据国内原有广告文字内容,经过翻译编写而成。在国内产品广告中主要采用汉语特有的四字格词组来介绍商品。因此,如何译好四字格词组成为广告翻译中的重要问题。用四字格词组翻译产品广告时,一般采用直译法、意译法和修辞法。2.1直译法
直译法是根据四字格词组结构,运用相对应的词或词组进行翻译的办法,间或套用英语中最简单的词组或句型。
例6花色繁多(主谓结构)。A wide selection of colours mad designs 大补元气(动宾结构)。Reinforce vital energy 典雅大方(联合结构,形+形)。Elegant and graceful 2.2意译法
当英语固有的自身特点很难满足汉语四字格词组的结构要求时,或者为了在准确、精确的基础上,用英语的惯用表达形式来传递原文的信息,就应采用意译法。
①在意译法中,有时可以利用心理联想机制现象,通过省字手法来归纳四字格词组的含义。例7用料上乘。Selected material
轻柔松软。Soft and light ②用融合法,使其表达的更为精炼。
例8安心益气。make one feel at ease and energetic
甜而不腻。agreeable sweetness ③为了加强表达原文的语气而采用增字法。例9软硬适中。neither too hard nor too soft 品种迭出。New varieties are introduced one after another.
④如果采用增字法还不能达到准确传递原文信息,那就要重新组织表达形式。例10随意小酌 Light snacks are ready on request. 老少皆宜。All good for children as well as adults.
以我们通常使用的翻译标准来分析,这些译例,无论是用直译法翻译还是用意译法翻译,都准确地传递了四字格词组的店息,有些译例的表达方式还比较灵活,行文流畅,但是如果以广告语言的特点来分析,这些译例就会显得不是那么尽善尽美。2.3修辞法
广告语言具有自身的特点,它的作用是吸引潜在的消费者去认识商品,煽动他们的购欲,最终达到使他们购买商品的目的。广告语言一般有两个特点:(1)注意价值(attention value),广告的语言形象生动,别出心裁,以期引人注目,使潜在的消费者偶一接触,即生探奇之心。2)记忆价值(memory value,广告中的文字既简洁明了,又能琅琅上口,给潜在的消费者以深刻的印象,以至不易忘记。国内广告中之所以经常采用四字格词组介绍商品就是因为它在语言上具有这两个特点。汉语的四字格词组结构灵活,游弋自如,很有个性,从而能引起潜在消费者的注意。然而,广告中的四字格词组一经翻译,原有的这些语言特点在译文中都销声匿迹了。这种无生气的译文即使配上最美丽的广告画面,也还是显得华而不实,因为它不能满足消费者要求了解商品的心理。为了使译文既能传递原文信息,又能符合广告语言的特点,在翻译四字格词组时还可采用修辞法。修辞译法是在翻译过程中,运用修辞手段使译文语言生动活泼,更加形象化。译者要打破原文中四字格词组的结构自不待言,更重要的是译者还需要有创造精神—— 必须要依据交际内容、语言环境等因素,恰当地选择语言手段和表达方式,在遣词造句上标新立异,力求使译文语言具有注意价值和记忆价值,从而诱导消费者进入奇妙的商品世界,激发购买欲,最后使他们信服购买某一商品是值得的、有利的。广告英语中一般可以采用下列一些修辞手段: ①隐喻(metapher)隐喻是把所要说明的事物用另外一种具有鲜明特点的事物来作比喻,从而更具体、更形象、更深刻地说明原来事物。
例11
旅游胜地
a topographical treat
经验独特
Experience is our copyright. 在上例中,译者以丰富的想象,分别把旅游地、经验比喻为“难得的乐事”、“版权”等,这些比喻都使人感到新鲜,产生好感。②拟人(personification)拟人是指把事物当作人来描写的修辞法。这种修辞法给商品以生命,使它变得有人情味,给消费者一定的亲切感。例12
牡丹香烟,醇味盖冠。Peony stands out for taste. .
一册在手,纵览全球(杂志广告)。The globe brings you the world in a single copy. ③排偶(parallelism)排偶即排比、对偶二种修辞法的简称。它利用平列的词组或句子,把两个或更多的事物进行比较,借以突出它们的共同点或不同点,这种修辞格结构整齐匀称,读起来声调铿锵。它虽然没有明言前后列举事物的内在联系,或它们之间的相似性或相反性,但能使读者强烈地感受事物间的共同点或不同点。例13 百万买卖,毫厘利润。a business in millions,a profit in pennies 方便旅行,到达平安。Smooth trip,Smooth arriva1. ④反复(repetition)反复又叫重复,它是广告英语中重要的修辞手段之一,它通过某一关键词或某一相同语法结构的反复,使主要信息得到充分的强调,以达到记忆价值的目的。例14 洁齿清气(牙膏广告)。Cleans your breath while it cleans your teeth. 随意挑选,保君满意。Choose once and choose wel1. ⑤头韵(alliteration)和尾韵(rhyme)巧妙地利用单词的头韵和尾韵也是广告英语中卓有成效的修辞手段。它的目的是使语言具有节奏感,便于记忆。例15 百年老店,领先廿年。a hundred years old but still 20 years old. 体积虽小,颇具功效。Compact impact 强调修辞译法的优势并不是意味着直译法和意译法在广告翻译中无用武之地。通常只在标题或正文的点睛之处运用修辞格,以期达到注意和记忆两大目的。在整个广告翻译中,只有把直译法、意译法和修辞译法相提并用,才能使译文的内容和形式互相映衬、相得益彰。2.4综合法
如果将两个或两个以上的四字词组连用,则更能体现汉语语言的音乐美,含蕴美及稳重美。当一个长句或自然段落内连续出现几个四字词组时,宜采用综合法。综合法就是打破四字词组的形式,兼容各种技巧于一体的翻译方法。它往往既能忠实地传达原文的意思,又能较好地再现原有的丰姿。
例15我厂生产的地毯图案新颖、色调雅致、美丽大方、富丽堂皇。
译文:The carpets made in our factory are beautiful and magnificent for their novel designs and elegant colors.例16补肝益肾,调和气血,益髓添精,强健筋骨,乌须黑发,驻颜养血
译文: an enricher and nutrient for the liver and kidney, for improving blood circulation, beneficial to essential medulla, strengthening sinews and bones, preventing hairs from greying and helpful to retain complexion 例17 品质优良,疗效显著,誉满全球,欢迎选购
译文:excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome.例18 以用料讲究、图案新颖、色泽秀丽、工艺精湛而著称
译文:famous for selected materials, novel designs, delightful colors and exquisite workmanship 例19 以质优原料,尺寸齐全,品种花样繁多而著称
译文:famous for high quality raw materials, full range of specifications and sizes, and great variety of designs and colours 例20 补气健脾,益精滋肾,祛风活血,强筋壮骨
译文:good for energy and the spleen, beneficial to the sperm, nourishing the kidneys relieving rheumatism, activating blood circulation and strengthening sinews and bones
翻译是灵活的东西,四字词组的翻译也应该是灵活多样的。总的原则是既要照顾形式,但又不拘泥于形式,尽可能使译文自然、贴切,可读性强。3广告翻译要适当删减
如实传达原文的思想内容,毫无疑问是每一位译者的责任。然而,由于使用英语民族与使用汉语民族的民族思维表达方式存在一定的差异,在外贸广告汉译英时,为了符合英语的表达习惯,便于使用英语的民族理解和接受,我们不能完全按照汉语表达的方式一词一句都译成英文,要对原文进行适当的删减。3.1删减过度修饰词语
汉语修辞语在程度上往往强于英语,“大词”(high—sounding word)的使用频率偏高。如果按汉语思维行事,势必导致译文文字堆砌,语义传达失真。譬如“十分重要”和“真抓实干”中的“十分”、“真”与“实”均无实在的表意意义;时下“西部大开发”中的“大”,怕是很难用诸如“grand,overall”等字眼将其译出,作为一项国家的决策应言简意赅,译出反而显得多余累赘,直接译成“western development”更符合英文表达;“跻身全国产肉百强大县之列”中的“大”,如果译出来反而不像英文。又如,国内不少汉语广告动辄就“一流”、“完美”、“独特”,而有些译者也不加思索就译为top quality,perfect,unique,不看产品情况,不顾国际标准,实在不切实际。翻译时需省去或作降调处理(to be tuned down or downplay)。请看两例:
XX县广播电视局通过多年艰苦努力,取得了巨大的成绩,为宣传XX县、提高XX县知名度做出了显著贡献。
译文:Over a number of years in the past,much fruitful work has resulted from hard working of the County Radio& TV Bureau,which made its due contribution to expand the popularity of the county.
原文中的“巨大的成就”没有译成major achievements,“显著贡献”也未译成outstandmg contribution,而是作了降调处理。此外,“宣传XX县、提高XX县知名度”也没有空泛地译为对应词,而是删除了其中之一。这样翻译自然而实在,反而比“高调门”用词转达的信息更多,对原文更加“忠实”。
我公司经营各类城市绿化专用树苗几十个品种50余万株,完全能达到随来随购,顾客满意的程度。
译文:The company’S stocks of dozens of species(a total of 500,000一odd saplings)are sufficient to meet the demand of urban tree planting.
译文中的sufficient to meet the demand足以传达原文中的“随来随够,顾客满意的程度”,这里的汉语的思维方式无法通过英文传达出去,否则定会堆砌臃肿,不忍卒读。
如果说“降调”处理毕竟部分译出了原意的话,那么汉语语言表达中的同义反复(tautology)按照西方思维,就不符合逻辑了,被视为是英文表达的大忌,但在汉语中却似乎习以为常。比如,“新增出口”和“新增就业”完全可以译为“the import/employment growth”,原文中的“新”在译文中出现实是多此一举;“历史再次重演”只需译为History repeats itself.无须将“再”字托出;汉语里的有些修饰词可以重复但不显累赘,甚至更合汉语行文的格式,读来更为顺口,有时还可起到强调作用;而照直译成英语却会显得多余,念起来别扭,产生削弱甚至破坏原意表达的结果。囿于此,只好“删除不译”了。从用词方面看,汉语表达趋于雅,英文趋于白,前者若不雅就不能溢于言表,而后者不平则嫌不够客观理性。而汉语的雅却往往借助于同义反复似乎才能得以展现:汉语中的“医德医风”如果说成“医生的道德”似嫌平白,不如“医德医风”来的雅,却并非强调。而英语表达恰恰需要这样的平白“medical ethics”,“德、风”连在一起是汉语的习惯,英语ethics足以表达。再如,“广大教职工”译为“faculties and staffs”足矣,加上“the rnass of”费力不讨好;“行业结构要进行调整。”译成The industrial structures will have to be adjusted、即可,其中的“进行”出于音韵对仗,没有多少实际意义。无奈汉语总喜欢咬文嚼字,的确给汉译英带来不少麻烦。汉语中存在大量的强意或冗余修饰语,成段成篇的描绘且不说,单就常用语也是如此。如:“全面提高”、“切实加强”、“认真执行”、“彻底粉碎”中下划线的修饰语,汉语不言它们似乎语气不够,而英语却不宜再加completely,feasibly,conscientiously,thoroughly或类似的修语。然而这些词在汉语里完全说得通,意在加强语气,倘若一味
照直译出,要么不合逻辑(“彻底肃清”、“不必要的错误”),要么属多此一举(“全面提高”、“野蛮侵略”),要么同义反复(“完好无损”、“貌合神离”),要么繁琐的具体例举(“领导真难当,吃喝拉撒,生老病死,都得管”)。设想,将这些“强意”或“冗余”修饰语一并译出,必然不合英文的思维方式,或许国外读者能够理解,但似乎觉得译者或拖泥带水,或文理不通,或逻辑混乱,直接影响我国的对外宣传形象。
第二篇:汉译英翻译技巧
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Theory: Translation Process 1.The comprehension
1)Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.2)to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3)to understand word meaning 4)to seek help from dictionary 5)to attend to the role of logic 6)to know the role of context
汉英短语比较:
1、汉词英译法:
翻译词,基本任务是词义的对应转换,形式问题是第二位的任务。对应,又称“直译法。”但必须受一词多义和惯用法等机制的调节。
如:佳期wedding day,佳人 beautiful woman,佳节joyful festival,佳句well-turned phrase,佳音good news,佳肴dainty food
2阐释,主要是难以取得双语对应契合时,义恰如其分的铺衍方式加以解释,常见的是文化隔膜形成的对应障碍。如:城楼tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker
留用人员personnel kept on after reshuffle 民乐 traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城计 undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff
3引申,由一般的、泛指词义到具体的、特指词义的引申
如:时令
season 太平间 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments
轻生 commit suicide
体魄健壮的男孩an athletic boy 由具体的、特指词义到一般的、泛指词义的引申。如:连珠 in rapid succession
文盲 illiteracy
十二万分地(感激)extremely 慢镜头slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.我们客栈热诚欢迎来自五湖四海的朋友!Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!
4转换:词类转换,句中肯、否定式 的转换,例:
人生琐事 the little nothings of life
等闲视之 think nothing of 家常便饭 make nothing of
请来吃顿家常便饭。Come along and take potluck
在北京,堵车是家常便饭。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.5.淡化(虚化)
“闹名利”译为:be out for fame and gain
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“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear
“洗耳恭听” listen with attentive ears
6.融合:紧缩语义的代偿手段
如:大小 size,长短length,轻重 weight 始终all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直:right and wrong 例1别理他,这人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.例2万一她有个好歹,请立刻打电话给我。
If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.例3 Don't cook us anything more.We'll have whatever there is.7.替代
目不识丁 not know one’s ABC
天字第一号A1 裙带风nepotism
中药三七pseudo-ginseng(西洋参)
金不换 precious(be more valuable than gold)
8.音译:
商标:百事可乐PepsiCola;
万事达Master
9.注释(exegesis):
最常用的是音译加注(汉语范畴词category word)disco迪斯科舞
hamburg汉堡包
Benz奔驰车
The Times《泰晤士报》
春秋战国Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States,铁观音 Iron Guanyin tea
Toursim 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.该地区三面与公园带相连,四大开阔的广场有草坪有树木,打破了城市建筑的规律性。城区三面绿地环绕,四大广场草坪开阔,碧草绿树掩映,打破了城区建筑的单一布局。
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Eating 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃药 take medicine(下棋)吃掉一个子 take a piece 吃掉敌人一个团 annihilate an enemy regiment 连吃败仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一枪 get shot in the leg 吃闭门羹 be denied entrance at the door;be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold 吃醋 be jealous 吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission 这种纸不吃墨水。This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink.茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.我可不吃这一套。I won’t take all this lying down.他不务正业,专吃白食。He does not do any honest work and lives off others.你这老一套现在可吃不开了。Your old way of doing things won’t work now.这件事你如果说出去,我叫你吃不了兜着走。If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it.走这么多的路,恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.吃得苦中苦,方为人上人。Only those who endure the most become the highest.再重的卡车,这座桥也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry.你别想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.他要请我们吃馆子。He is going to invite us out to dinner.你要先考虑清楚,免得吃后悔药。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later.形势吃紧。The situation was critical.他那坚强的毅力使人吃惊。His will power is amazing.他工作努力,能吃苦。He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.他跑得不快,踢足球吃亏。He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer.我跑了一天路,感到吃力。After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.只要技术好,到哪儿都吃得开。A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.吃一堑,长一智。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
第三篇:汉译英翻译答案
广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈,通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识,社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰,因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。
The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music.The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south.Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing.The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.故宫,又称紫禁城,是明、清两代的皇宫,二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富,而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来,故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次,随着旅游业的繁荣,游客人数有增无减,可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。
The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity.In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台(CCTV)每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播,这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来,它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目,《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。
Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television(CCTV)every day.It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program.It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs.Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich.As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.倡导低碳生活,提升公民节能减排意识是应对全球变暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么难事,只要人人都树立绿色环保意识,坚持从我做起、从身边小事做起,那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活,要让绿色环保理念深入人心。要把绿色环保活动融入工作生活的方方面面,要有针对性地开展低碳生活的知识培训;要积极倡导志愿者活动,全面宣传节能减排、环境保护等方面的知识,提高全社会的低碳环保意识。
Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens' consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming.Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult.Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all.To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular.We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life;we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle;we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调,人们应当读好书,尤其是经典著作。通过阅读,人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作,而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要,假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣,以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。
Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country.As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day.They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics.Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate.Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。
中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。在大家庭里(extended family),老一辈人的意见受到尊重,小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。而随着改革开放和经济的发展,人口众多的大家庭开始分解,出现了越来越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里,不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费,并常去探望,帮他们干些家务活。在农村,尽管相当多的大家庭已经解体了,许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还是和父母住在同一个院子里,这样父母、子女可以互相帮助。
参考译文:
In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved.In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members.With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families.In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores.In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.
第四篇:外贸函电专业术语汉译英答案
专业术语翻译汉译英
1.三资企业— enterprise for joint venture
2.光票—clean bill
3.租船代理人—charteringagent
4.装船唛头—shipping mark
5.船运集装箱—shipping container
6.国营公司—state-owned(operated)corporation
7.独家代理人—exclusive agent
8.远期付款交单—D/P after sight
9.跟单信用证 documentary L/C
10.带有插图的目录illustrated catalogue
11.分类目录 classified catalogue
12.资信证明人a(credit)reference
13.即期信用证a L/C at sight
14.装船通知Shipping advice
15.保(险)单insurance policy
16.独家代理 exclusive agent
17.肮脏提单 foul B/L
18.清洁已装船提单clean on board B/L
19.循环信用证Revolving L/C
20.联运提单through bill of lading
21.补偿贸易compensation trade速遣费despatch money
23.滞期费demurrage
24保险范围coverage25 受理索赔 entertain a claim 26关税壁垒customs barrier27海关当局 customauthorities 28保(险)费 insurance premium
第五篇:汉译英翻译实践心得
汉译英翻译实践心得
令人毛骨悚然的汉译英终于还是来了。近两个月的学习让我从对汉译英的一窍不通到现在尽管不能手到擒来但总算入一点门了。汉译英的难点主要在于思维方式的不同,每当看到一句汉语,我能想到的几乎都是Chinglish。按照汉语的思维、汉语的语法和句式读来索然无味,中国人讲儒家思想、偏注政治伦理,重视“群己合一”,而英美文化由于地理环境因素对天文地理颇有研究,倡导个人主义。在英语中的固定搭配我们也要小心加小心,不能生搬硬套,比如说浓茶、浓墨、浓烟,这三个“浓”在不同搭配中有不同的修饰角色,我们要想到被修饰词的属性以此合理搭配,分别为:strong tea, thick ink, dense smoke。此人是书就读,翻译成英语:This man reads every book he can reach。看见这句翻译第一反应是无从下手,想换句话、换个出发点,想到这个人啥书都看,思路就稍微清晰了一些。看到译文中用了every, 突然觉得醍醐灌顶。最近两周,我们学了句子主语的确定,因为汉语和英语侧重点不用,往往要重新确定主语,这一确定我发现这真是个天大的好方法,对于那些没有主语的汉语句子,可以另辟蹊径,重新确定句子结构。一群人立刻把他困住了,向他提出了一个又一个的问题。Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions。这句话深刻地给了我巨大的震撼,老师在课堂上说这句话很多人会用“一群人”作主语,但是主要写的却是“这个人”,所以“he”作主语真的是天经地义,按照这个思路我总算有了点进步,发现翻译更像是在绘作,值得琢磨值得研究值得花心血,任重道远啊,我会一直努力的。相信勤能补拙,先去背《政府工作报告》了。