汉译英并列句型的翻译总结

第一篇：汉译英并列句型的翻译总结

一 A + a 结构这种结构通常是指一个大句子后面带有一个小结构，翻译方法通常可以将前者翻译成中心句，后面翻译成同位语，介词短语或是分词和定语从句。

例1：现在我们有16个系，下设39个专业。There are 16 departments with 39 specialties in our school.（后面翻译成with的介词结构，这种形式是最常见的方法。）

例2：北京有10个区9个县，总面积1万6千800平方公里。There are 10 districts and 9 counties in Beijing with an area of 16 thousand 8 hundred square kilometers.（方法和上句一样。）

例3：中国在2000年悉尼奥运会上，获得28枚金牌，在奖牌榜上名列第三。China won 28 gold medals at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Game, ranking the 3rd on the medal tally.（这句是将后面的句子翻译成分词结构。）

例4：在过去的一年里，中国贯彻扩大内需的方针，经济得到稳步发展。Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to steady economic development.（这种方法就是把后面一部分翻译成非限定性定语从句，当然我们也可以用并列结构，但是在口译考试中我们对主张用主次结构。）

二 A + a1 + a2 结构

这种结构通常是指在主句后面同时出现了两个小句子，翻译的方法通常是将后两者同时变化成定语从句或是同位语的结构，还可以把其中两个变成介词或是同位语结构，这种结构十分常见。

例1：在过去的1年里，中国贯彻扩大内需的方针，经济得到稳步发展，人民生活水平得到显著提高。Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to stable economic development and significant improvement of people’s life.（这种方法就是把后面两句全部变成定语从句，a1和a2同时形成并列结构。）

例2：黄河流经中国的9个省和自治区，全长5464公里，流域面积75万2443平方公里。The Yellow River runs 5464 kms across 9 provinces and autonomous regions with drainage area of 752,443 square kms.（这句就是把最前句和最后句变成介词结构，中间变成谓语结构。）

例3：北京现有体育馆5000多个，其中可容纳5000人的体育馆8个，可容纳2000人的15个。There are more than 5,000 stadiums in Beijing, including 8 can accommodate 5,000 each and 15 can do 2,000 each.（这句用的是方法就是把后两者翻译成定语从句。）

三 A + a + B 结构

这种结构和A + a1 + a2非常类似，我们在翻译的时候就是要区分第三个句子究竟能不能和前一个句子连在一起，也就是说最后一个句子和前者有没有密切的关系，当然在有些情况下，这两个句子结构区分起来比较复杂，也比较难以区分。

例1：现在只有5个国家的妇女收入占男性收入的80%以上，而中国妇女的收入相当于男性收入的80.4%。Now, there are only 5 countries where women’s salaries make up 80% of men’s, while the income of the Chinese women equals to 80.4% that of man’s.（这句话把含有80%的这个小句子翻译成了前者的从句，而后面的一个句子又重新起了一句，很显然前两个句子和第三个句子没有什么逻辑关系。）

例2：据世界卫生组织的报告显示，到2020 年，世界老人将超过10亿，其中7亿生活在发展中国家。目前，全世界60岁以上的老人大约有5.8亿。According to a report of WHO, by 2020 it is estimated that the population of senior citizens will increase to 1 billion, including 700 million live in the less developed countries.There are 580 million people more than 60 years old all over the world at present.（这句话则比上一句更具有特点，很显然，我们应该把“其中”这样的句子归类为前者，后面再重新起一句，前者形成分词结构，这种结构也是考试的重点句型。）

四 A + B + b 结构

这种结构和A + a1 + a2也非常类似，我们在翻译的时候就是要区分第二个句子究竟能不能和前一个句子连在一起，也就是说第二个句子和前者有没有密切的关系，当然在有些情况下，这两个句子结构区分起来比较复杂，很难区分。

例1：1990年，只有32%的3岁到6岁的儿童进入幼儿园，但是到1998年年底中国已经有18万幼儿园，接收了2400万儿童。In 1990, only 32% of children from 3 years old to 6 years old entered kindergartens, but by the end of 1998 there were kindergartens with 24 million children in China.（很显然前面说的一件事情，后面说的两件事情具有逻辑关系，所以我们把后面两句放在一起翻译，并且形成with的介词结构。）

例2：我国于1999年10月已进入人口老龄化国家的行列，我们80岁以上的老人已达1100万，并以年均5%的速度增长。China has become an aged society since October 1999.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.（这句话的翻译方法和上句同样，第三个句子形成with的介词结构。）

五 A + a1 + a2 + a3 结构

这种结构实际上就是以上几种结构的延伸，这样的延续可能多个，而不止三个，其实方法都是一样，就是将后三者变成并列层次，要么是定语从句，要么是同位语，要么是介词结构。

例1：奥林匹克公园占地1215公顷，其中包括760公顷的森林绿地，50公顷的国际展览体育中心以及405公顷的中华民族园。The Olympic Games Park covers an area of 1215 hectares, including 760 hectares woods and grassland, 50 hectares International Exhibition Sports Center and 405 hectares Chinese Ethnic Park./The Olympic Park covering 1215 hectares includes 760-hectare woods and grassland, 50-hectare International Exhibition Sports Center and 405-hectare Chinese Ethnic Park.（这句话提供了两种翻译版本，前者是将后三者变成介词短语，第二种把后三者直接变成了表语，总之就是要体现出A句和后几句的差异和关系。）

例2：在奥林匹克公园主建筑区内将建成容纳8万人的主体育场、2个大型综合体育馆、运动员村和国际展览体育中心。In the main building area of the Olympic Games Park, a main stadium which accommodates 80 thousand people, 2 large sports complexes, the athletes’ village and the International Exhibition Sports Center are now under construction.（这句用的方法还是把后面的四者都变成了主语，和“奥林匹克公园主建筑区”这句形成结构上的差异。）

六 A + a + B + b 结构

这种结构就是把两个A + a结构放在一起，其实方法和第一种很像，但是要形成两个主句和两个从属成分。例1：2000年，全国共有普通高中14600所，在校生1201万人，职业中学2万所，在校学生1295万人。

In 2000, there were 14.6 thousand regular senior high schools in China with 12.01 million students at school and 20 thousand vocational schools with 12.95 million students at school.（这句的翻译方法就是用A + with + and + B + with的机构，这种方法在口译考试出现的频率是最高的。）

例2：2000年，全国有妇幼保健院609个，医务工作者7.2万人，妇幼保健所、站2598个。基层医务工作者7.5万人。In 2000, there were 609 women and children health centers with 72 thousand health and medical workers and 2598 local women and children health centers with 75 grass root health and medical workers.（这句的翻译方法和上句同样。）例3：我国于1999年10月已进入人口老龄化国家的行列，并以年均3%的速度持续增长，我们80岁以上的老人已达1100万，并以年均5%的速度增长。

China has become an aged society since October 1999 with an average annual growth rate of 3%.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.（这句话说明了两个事实，所以在翻译的时候，我们可以分割成两个A + a结构来进行翻译。）

七 A + B + C 结构

这种结构就是把三个不相关的句子放在一起，那么在翻译的时候我们要注意逐句翻译。而且还要注意看看句子中是否存在有小结构，就是A的下部分有没有a1或是a2等结构。例1：根据第五次全国人口普查，全国共有12亿9335万人，其中祖国大陆包括31个省，自治区和直辖市，不包括福建省金门，马祖岛和现役军人12亿6580万人，香港特别行政区678万人，澳门特别行政区44万，台湾包括金门，马祖岛共计2228万人。According to the 5th population census, there were 1 billion 293 million 350 thousand people in China, including the total number/ population of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities excluding Jinmen and Mazu islands in Fujian province and of servicemen of China’s mainland was 1 billion 265 million 830 thousand.The population of Hong Kong SAR was 6 million 780 thousand and that of Macao was 440 thousand as well as that of Taiwan Jinmen and Mazu Islands was 22 million 280 thousand.（这句话总共阐述了三个事实，一个是人数有多少，然后是除了某些地区有多少人，这个部分包括了两个小部分，第三个部分包括了三个地区的人口数量，所以这个句子在翻译的时候首先要分成三个句子，然后再处理三个句子里面的成分，看看是否能够形成连带结构。）八 A + 倒 A 结构

这种结构就是指前后说的是同一件事情，但是所表达的对象是不一样的。

例1：我很喜欢游泳，你也很喜欢游泳。I like swimming.So do you.（这个句子就是有两个不同的说话人，但是说的是同样一件事情，所以可归类为后面是前者的“倒”着表达的形式。这种句子翻译的方法就是用so或是否定句中用either。）

例2：2008年，上海的老年人口已经达到了400万，同样北京于同年也达到了400万。In 2008, the population of senior citizens in Shanghai was 4 million.So was Beijing.（这句翻译的方法雷同于上句。）

九 A + —A 结构

这种结构指的是前者说的事情和后者的事情刚好相反来说。

例1：我很喜欢你，你也很喜欢我。I like you, and vice versa.（这句话很显然就是前者和后者刚好掉个位置，但是说的同一件事情，翻译的方法就是用vice versa。）

例2：美国人民喜欢江泽民主席，江泽民主席也很喜欢美国人民。The American people like President Jiangzemin, and vice versa.十 考察完全的名词结构

这种结构一般没有很多的数字，但是名词很多，考生在平时要注意积累词汇，当然更难的则是将词汇和数字结合在一起。

例1：20世纪90年代，我国人口文化素质提高速度之快，是建国以来少有的。这一变化趋势反映了10来我国落实扫除青少年文盲，普及9年义务教育和大力发展高等教育等措施所取得的成果。Our people’s education level has increased sharply since 1990s.This tendency reflected our achievements through eliminating illiterates among the young and the middle aged, universalizing the 9-year compulsory education and developing higher education in the past 10 years.（这个句子当中就没有很多的数字，但是名词特别多，包括青少年文盲、九年义务教育和高等教育等等词。）

例2：近年来，中央政府给西藏的财政补贴每年都达12亿元以上，总投资46亿元的62项援藏工程以及中央国家机关有关部委和15个对口支援省、市投资的32亿元援建的716项工程已全部竣工并投入使用。In recent years, the annual financial subsidy from the central government to Tibet reached 1.2 billion yuan.The 62 aid-Tibet projects with a total investment of 4.6 billion and 716 projects with an investment of 3.2 billion from ministries, commissions, central government institutions and other 15 provinces and cities had been finished and put into operation.（这个句子不但有很多很大的数字，而且还有像财政补贴、有关部委、对口支援和竣工等词，所以这种句子有很大难度，在训练时，首先要解决数字问题，再解决词汇问题，之后背诵所提到的十种结构。）

我们要大力发展社会事业。坚持优先发展教育，稳步提升全民受教育程度。坚持自主创新、重点跨越、支 撑发展、引领未来的方针，完善科技创新体系和支持政策，着力推进重大科学技术突破。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到2.2%，促进科技成果更好地转化为生产力。适应现代化建设需要，加强人才培养，努力造就规模宏大的高素质人才队伍。大力加强文化建设，推动文化改革发展实现新跨越，满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。

We need to make full effort to develop social undertakings.Education will remain a priority to steadily raise the level of literacy of the society as a whole.Home spun and forward looking innovation will be boosted to facilitate cutting age changes in key areas and serve further national development.The system and policies aiming at fostering innovation will be improved to pave the way for major breakthroughs in scientific and technologic discoveries.Share of R&D spending in GDP will increase to 2.2% with more effective schemes to commercialize the research outputs.Human capital development will be strengthened to form a vast supply of brain power to help achieve China's modernization program.Cultural reforms will be promoted to explore unchartered territories and meet the public's growing demand for recreational and artistic fulfillment.我认识一位从中国来美国的暑期交换学生，她告诉我一件她觉得奇怪的事情。她寄宿在一个美国人的家里。这家夫妇俩都是律师，有4个从上高中到小学的男孩。那个人家房子很大，有游艇（恐怕不止一只）和私人飞机，非常富有的样子，生活却很简单。有一次，父母两人出外度假，临走前在家里的大冰箱里为留在家里的4个孩子放好一模一样大小的4份食品，不分大小，每人一份。而且，还给他们每人分配一份工作，修整草地、洗游泳池、清理厨房、厕所等等。这4个孩子，大的食品不够吃，小的吃不了。大的向小的要，小的就以代做自己那一份家事为条件，把吃不了的分一些给大的。

这确实是一个典型的美国家庭，说它典型，不是说它拥有的财产（这个家庭显然要比许多其他美国家庭富有），而是说它的价值观。

I know a Chinese student who came to the United States on a summer exchange program.She told me about the things she found hard to understand about the American family where she had her home stay'.The couple were both lawyers and had four children, all boys but in various stages of schooling from primary to senior high.They had a large house, a yacht and a private jet.Despite the trappings of great wealth, their lifestyle was surprisingly straightforward.For example, the parents went on vacation once.Before their departure, they left in the freezer four equal portions of food for the kids and assigned them specific house chores, mowing the lawn, scrubbing the pool and sprucing up the kitchen or the bathroom.The older boys who found their rations insufficient would have to trade with their younger siblings who could use their surplus supply as bargaining chips to reduce their share of the burden to keep the house proper and clean.I actually think this is a typical American family, but certainly not in the financial sense for its material possessions went way beyond an average household.It is typical because of the underlying social values it represents.

第二篇：汉译英翻译答案

广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。

The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music.The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south.Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing.The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity.In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。

Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television(CCTV)every day.It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program.It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs.Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich.As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.倡导低碳生活，提升公民节能减排意识是应对全球变暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么难事，只要人人都树立绿色环保意识，坚持从我做起、从身边小事做起，那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要让绿色环保理念深入人心。要把绿色环保活动融入工作生活的方方面面，要有针对性地开展低碳生活的知识培训；要积极倡导志愿者活动，全面宣传节能减排、环境保护等方面的知识，提高全社会的低碳环保意识。

Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens' consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming.Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult.Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all.To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular.We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life;we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle;we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。

Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country.As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day.They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics.Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate.Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。

中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。而随着改革开放和经济的发展，人口众多的大家庭开始分解，出现了越来越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费，并常去探望，帮他们干些家务活。在农村，尽管相当多的大家庭已经解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还是和父母住在同一个院子里，这样父母、子女可以互相帮助。

参考译文：

In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved.In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members.With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families.In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores.In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.

第三篇：英语六级汉译英翻译.doc

北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘，另外850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林。

市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反减排规定的行为。

2014年6月英语六级翻译真题及答案：治理污染

Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust.Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city.In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment.Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.

第四篇：汉译英翻译技巧

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Theory： Translation Process 1.The comprehension

1)Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.2)to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3)to understand word meaning 4)to seek help from dictionary 5)to attend to the role of logic 6)to know the role of context

汉英短语比较：

1、汉词英译法：

翻译词，基本任务是词义的对应转换，形式问题是第二位的任务。对应，又称“直译法。”但必须受一词多义和惯用法等机制的调节。

如：佳期wedding day，佳人 beautiful woman，佳节joyful festival，佳句well-turned phrase，佳音good news，佳肴dainty food

2阐释，主要是难以取得双语对应契合时，义恰如其分的铺衍方式加以解释，常见的是文化隔膜形成的对应障碍。如：城楼tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker

留用人员personnel kept on after reshuffle 民乐 traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城计 undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff

3引申，由一般的、泛指词义到具体的、特指词义的引申

如：时令

season 太平间 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments

轻生 commit suicide

体魄健壮的男孩an athletic boy 由具体的、特指词义到一般的、泛指词义的引申。如：连珠 in rapid succession

文盲 illiteracy

十二万分地（感激）extremely 慢镜头slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.我们客栈热诚欢迎来自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!

4转换：词类转换，句中肯、否定式 的转换，例：

人生琐事 the little nothings of life

等闲视之 think nothing of 家常便饭 make nothing of

请来吃顿家常便饭。Come along and take potluck

在北京，堵车是家常便饭。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.5.淡化（虚化）

“闹名利”译为：be out for fame and gain

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“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear

“洗耳恭听” listen with attentive ears

6.融合：紧缩语义的代偿手段

如：大小 size，长短length，轻重 weight 始终all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直：right and wrong 例1别理他，这人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.例2万一她有个好歹，请立刻打电话给我。

If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.例3 Don't cook us anything more.We'll have whatever there is.7.替代

目不识丁 not know one’s ABC

天字第一号A1 裙带风nepotism

中药三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋参）

金不换 precious(be more valuable than gold)

8.音译：

商标：百事可乐PepsiCola；

万事达Master

9.注释(exegesis)：

最常用的是音译加注（汉语范畴词category word）disco迪斯科舞

hamburg汉堡包

Benz奔驰车

The Times《泰晤士报》

春秋战国Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States，铁观音 Iron Guanyin tea

Toursim 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.该地区三面与公园带相连，四大开阔的广场有草坪有树木，打破了城市建筑的规律性。城区三面绿地环绕，四大广场草坪开阔，碧草绿树掩映，打破了城区建筑的单一布局。

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Eating 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃药 take medicine（下棋）吃掉一个子 take a piece 吃掉敌人一个团 annihilate an enemy regiment 连吃败仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一枪 get shot in the leg 吃闭门羹 be denied entrance at the door;be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold 吃醋 be jealous 吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission 这种纸不吃墨水。This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink.茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.我可不吃这一套。I won’t take all this lying down.他不务正业，专吃白食。He does not do any honest work and lives off others.你这老一套现在可吃不开了。Your old way of doing things won’t work now.这件事你如果说出去，我叫你吃不了兜着走。If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it.走这么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only those who endure the most become the highest.再重的卡车，这座桥也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry.你别想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.他要请我们吃馆子。He is going to invite us out to dinner.你要先考虑清楚，免得吃后悔药。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later.形势吃紧。The situation was critical.他那坚强的毅力使人吃惊。His will power is amazing.他工作努力，能吃苦。He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.他跑得不快，踢足球吃亏。He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer.我跑了一天路，感到吃力。After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.只要技术好，到哪儿都吃得开。A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.吃一堑，长一智。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

第五篇：句型翻译

句式1：there be句型结构

★此句型是由there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际意义。be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。现在有 there is/are „ 过去有 there was/were„

将来有 there will be…/there is /are going to be...现在已经有 there has/have been„ 可能有 there might be …

肯定有 there must be …/there must have been… 过去一直有 there used to be „

似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …

碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …

此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。

★翻译练习(要求用There be 句型)：

1、一年有多少个月？

2、我家有5口人。

3、我们学校有各种各样的课外活动。

4、你们城里有多少所幼儿园？

5、他们工厂有很多新机器。

6、现在有许多同学在教室学习。

7、房间有许多家具，墙壁上有许多照片。

8、在我们村庄附近有一家医院。

9、今天的报纸有许多新消息吗？

10、这个星期六有音乐会吗？

11、花园里有一个游泳池。

12、别匆匆忙忙。有的是时间。

13、在屋子里有一张写字台、一台计算机和几堆书。

14、我们学校下星期将有一个晚会。

15、在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。

16、过去我们村庄有一所小学。

17、晚会的活动内容有音乐、跳舞、唱歌和游戏。

18、在学校前面有一条小河。

19、然而，还存在一些问题，如水、空气污染和交通拥挤。20、从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。

参考答案：

1.How many months are there in a year? 2.There are five people in my family.3.There are all kinds of after-class activities in our school.4.How many kindergartens are there in your city? 5.There are a lot of new machines in their factory.6.Now there are many students studying in the classroom.7.There is much furniture in the room.There are many photos on the wall.8.There is a hospital near our village.9.Is there much news on today’s newspaper? 10.Is there going to be a concert this Saturday? 11.There is a swimming pool in the garden.12.Don’t hurry.There is enough time.13.There is a writing desk, a computer and a few piles of books in the room.14.There will be an evening party in our school next Monday.15.In front of the cave, there stands(grows)a tall pine tree.16.There used to be a primary school in our village.17.There is music, dancing and games at the evening party.18.There lies a small river in front of our school.19.However, there exist some problems, such as, water pollution, air pollution and crowdedheavy traffic.20.Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea

句型2：动词不定式 动词不定式：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，非谓语动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词，由to＋动词原形构成，但在有些情况下to可以省略。在句中不能单独作谓语。它具有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作除了谓语之外的任何成分，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成时、进行时、完成进行时和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。翻译下面的句子：

1、骑自行车到那儿要花我们半小时。

2、照顾老人是我们的职责。

3、我们要在十五分钟写完这篇作文是很难的。

4、尊重别人就是尊重自己。

5、当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

6、司机没能及时看见另一辆车(fail)。

7、我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

8、他答应一小时后回来。

9、我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。

10、我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。

11、没有人能告诉我哪里能买到这本书。

12、我们打算在那儿呆一个星期。

13、我认为我们学好一门外语非常重要。

14、什么时候出发去伦敦还没有决定。

15、史密斯先生不知道离开那里还是留在那里。

1.To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2.It's our duty to take good care of the old.3.It is very difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.4.To respect others is to be respected.5.It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.6.The driver failed to see the other car in time.7.I happen to know the answer to your question.8.He promised to return in an hour.9.I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.10.I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.11.No one could tell me where to buy(get)the book.12.We have meant(planned, intended)to stay there a week.13.We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.14.When to leave for London has not been decided yet.15.Mr.Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.句型3：动名词

动名词：动名词(the Gerund)是非限定动词，由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。它具有动词的特征与名词的特征，在各类应试中都是一项重要的测试内容。英语动名词有两个特点，1、它是从动词变化而来的，所以它保留了动词的某些特征，例如它能带自己的宾语、状语等，这时就叫动名词短语；

2、顾名思义，动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词，因此，动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语等。因为它作为名词来使用，所以动名词也有像名词一样的“所有格形式”。翻译下面句子：

1、在夏天，游泳是最好的锻炼方式。

2、生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针一样。

3、早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。

4、考试作弊毁坏人的性格。

5、他当选为我们的主席使我们很开心。

6、同他争论是无用的。

7、学而不实践是没好处的。

8、他的爱好是集邮。

9、他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。

10、他设法避免(escape)患那种疾病。

11、听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住笑了。

12、犯罪嫌疑人(suspect)否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。

13、我期待着您下一次的到来。

14、我们最好把这事推迟到下个星期讨论。

15、他因打断了我们的谈话而向我们道歉。

16、那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。

1.Swimming is the best exercise in summer.2.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.3.Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.4.Cheating in an exam ruins one's character.5.His being elected our chairman made us very happy.6.It is no use arguing with him.7.It is no good learning without practice.8.His hobby is collecting stamps.9.His part-time job is promoting new products for the company.10.He managed to escape suffering from the disease.11.After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing.12.The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.13.I'm looking forward to your coming next time.14.We'd better postpone discussing it till next week.15.He apologized for interrupting us.16.The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.句型4：状语从句

状语从句：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类:(一)、时间状语从句常用when，as，while，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as，hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when, the moment等连词引导。

1、你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的（once)。

2、我一有他的答复就给你打电话(as soon as/the moment)。

3、我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了（before)。

4、不久他就把自信车还给我了（before)。

5、每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们(whenever)。

6、他告诉我了我才知道这件事(till)。

7、不亲眼看到，他就不会相信(until)。

8、我每次去他家，他都出去了(every time/each time)。

9、昨晚我写信时他在看电视(while)。

10、随着年龄的增加，她开始变聋了（as, go deaf)。

11、趁年轻我们应该努力学习（while)。【趁热打铁】。

1.Once you see him, you will never forget him.2.I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.3.He ran off before I could stop him.4.It was not long before he returned the bicycle to me.5.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.6.I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.7.He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.8.Every time I went to his house, he was out.9.He was watching TV last night while I was writing a letter． 10.As she got older, she began to go deaf.11.We should work hard while we are young.(Strike while the iron is hot.)

（二）原因状语从句

一般用 because, since, now that, as和for引导。偶尔也用considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）引导。

12、他没有回答我的问题仅仅是因为他不会（because)。

13、既然你没有事可做，为什么不帮我呢(since/now that)？

14、由于天越来越晚，我们就回家了(as)。

15、我们必须戒除粗心，由于它会导致错误(for)。

16、由于今于是星期天，我们没有去上学(because并用于强调句型）。

17、他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿（because)。

18、既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧（since/now that)。

19、考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了（considering that）。

12.He didn’t answer my question simply because he couldn't． 13.Since you have nothing to do，why don’t you help me.14.As it was getting late, we went home．

15.We must get rid of carelessnessfor it often leads to errors/mistakes.16.It is because today is Sunday that we don’t go to school.17.He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.18.Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and make a decision.19.Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.（三）地点状语从句

是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导。20、武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处(the Yangtze and the Han River)。

21、有志者，事竟成。

22、哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。

23、他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。

24、村民们在污染严重的地方种植了许多树。

25、年轻人应该到最需要的地方去。

26、我把相片放在我每天都能看到的地方。

27、无论我们去哪里，我们都要全心全意地为人民服务。

28、请站在原地。

20.Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.21.Where there is a will, there is a way.22.You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.23.He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.24.The villagers have planted many trees where the pollution is very serious.25.The young should go where they are most needed.26.I keep the photo where I can see it every day.27.Wherever we go, we will serve the people heart and soul.28.Please stay where you are.（四）引导目的状语从句 的主要连词有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（万一）等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。

29、我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。30、最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。

31、我早晨早早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车。

32、他努力学习以便将来能更好地为人民服务。

33、我们把收音机音量开大以便每个人都能听到那条重要的消息。

29.Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.30.(You had)Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.31.I got up early in the morning so that I could catch the first bus.32.He studies hard in order that he can serve the people better in the future.33.We turned the radio up so that everyone might hear the important news.（五）引导结果状语从句 的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等。

34、我们把收音机音量开大，结果每个人都听到了那条重要的消息。

35、他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。

36、我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。

37、这村子太小，所以这地图上没有（show)。

38、Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。

39、他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。

40、我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块（black and blue)。

34.We turned the radio up, so that everyone heard the important news.35.He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.36.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.37.The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.38.Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much.39.He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.40.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.（六）条件状语从句：

表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就„„而言）, on condition that（条件是„„）, suppose（假设）, supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

41、只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法(as/so long as)。

42、万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿(in case)。

43、如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床(if)。

44、只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间(on condition that)。

45、他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话(unless/if...not)。

46、据我所知，他是一个DNA专家(as far as)。

47、假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办(suppose/supposing)？ 41.As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.42.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.43.If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.44.We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.45.He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.46.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.47.Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?

（七）方式状语从句：

方式状语从句常由as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导。

48、入乡随俗(as)。

49、她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的(as if)。50、事情就如你喜欢的那样(as)。

51、我按你的建议把计划修改了(as)。

52、天看起来好像要下雨(as if)。

53、我爱你就像你是我的儿子(as if)。

48.Do in Rome as the Romans do.49.She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.50.Things are just as you like.51.I have changed the plan as you suggested.52.It looks as if it is going to rain.53.I’ve loved you as if you were my son.．.（八）比较状语从句：

比较状语从句常用as …as，than, not so…as, the more…引导。

54、你和他在一起呆的时间越长，你就会越了解他(the more, the more)。

55、上海下的雨比北京的多(than)。

56、我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大(as...as...).57、结果不如我预料的那么好(not as/so...as...)。

54.The longer you stay with him, the beter you will know him.55.It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.56.Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.57.The result was not as/so good as I had expected

（九）让步状语从句：

让步状语从句由although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）, whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。

58、我们就是失败十次也不泄气(even if/even though)。

59、我认为我们还是买这件，虽然它会占去更多的空间(although/though)。60、无论它有多贵，我也要买下它(however/no matter how)。61、不管他们是谁，别让他们进来(whoever/no matter who)。

62、无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错(whatever and however)。63、不管你信不信，这是真的(whether)。

64、不论你走那条路都要三个小时(whichever way)。65、不管你什么时候去看他, 他都在用功(no matter when)。66、不论你做什么, 好好地做(whatever/no matter who)。67、虽然他工作很努力，但还是不能按时完成任务（as)。68、虽然他很年轻，但他懂得很多(as)。

58.We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.59.I think we should get this one, although it may take up more space in the room.60.However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.61.Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.62.No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.63.Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.64.No matter which(whichever)way you take, It takes you three hours.65.No matter when(Whenever)you go to see him, he is always working hard.66.No matter what do you do, do it well.67.Hard as he worked, he couldn't finish the task on time.68.Young as he is, he knows a lot.