英美文学重点笔记整理-大学选修课(The Quintessence of English and American Literature)

第一篇：英美文学重点笔记整理-大学选修课(The Quintessence of English and American Literature)

英美文学作家作品

1.The Renaissance(14 ~17世纪中叶)

· Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏1688~1744 3.· Essay on Criticism批评论 · Moral Essays道德论 3.The Romantic Age(1798~1832)· Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯1759~1796 · Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要· Thomas More托马斯·莫尔1478~1535 · Utopia乌托邦· Francis Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626 · Advancement of Learning学术的推进 · Novum Organum新工具 · Essays随笔· Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595 · Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝 · The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人 · The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧· William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616 · Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱利叶 · Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人 · Henry IV亨利四世 · Julius Caesar尤利乌斯·凯撒 · As You Like It皆大欢喜 · Hamlet哈姆莱特 · Othello奥赛罗 · King Lear李尔王 · Macbeth麦克白 · Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉 · Tempest暴风雨 · poetry: Venus and Adonis;The Rape of Lucrece(Venus and Lucrece);The Passionate Pilgrim, the Sonnets· John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674 · L’Allegre 欢乐的人 · IL Pens eroso 沉思的人 · Comus柯玛斯 · Lycidas利西达斯 · Of Education论教育 · Areopagitica论出版自由 · The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩 · The Second Defence of the English People再为英国人民声辩 · Paradise Lost失乐园 · Paradise Regained复乐园 · Samson Agonistes力士参孙

2.2.The Neoclassical Period(1660~1798)

· John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688 · Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners功德无量

· The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程 · The Life and Death of Mr Badman败德先生传 · The Holy War圣战

· An Essay on Man人论 · The Rape of the Rock卷发遇劫记 · The Dunciad愚人记· Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰逊1709~1784 · The Dictionary of English Language英语辞典 · The Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望之虚幻 · London伦敦 · The Lives of Great Poets诗人传· Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特1667~1745 · The Battle of Books书战 · A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事

· The Drapper’s Letters一个麻布商的书信 · A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议 · Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记· Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福1660~1731 · The Review(periodical founded by Defoe)评论报 · Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记· Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707~1754 · The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫·安德鲁 · The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生·威尔德 · Amelia爱米利亚 · The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯 · The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记事 · Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国· Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷1716~1771 · An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽诗 · Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat爱猫之死 · The Bard游吟诗人· Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·布林斯利·施莱登1751~1816 · The Rivals情敌 · The School for Scandal造谣学校

· St.Patrick’s Day(The Scheming Lieutenant)圣·派特立克节 · The Duenna伴娘 · The Critic批评家

用苏格兰方言写的诗 · John Anderson, My Jo约翰·安德生，我的爱人 · A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰 · Auld Long Syne往昔时光

· A Man’s a Man for A’That不管那一套 · My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上· William Blake威廉·布莱克1757~1827 · Songs of Innocence天真之歌 · Songs of Experience经验之歌 · America亚美利加 · Europe欧罗巴 · Milton弥尔顿 · Jerusalem耶路撒冷 · The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻· William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770~1850 · We Are Seven我们是七个 · The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 · Imitations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood不朽颂 · The Prelude序曲 · Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集· Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔律治1772~1834 · The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂 · Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔 · Kubla Khan忽必烈汗 · Frost at Night半夜冰霜 · Dejection, an Ode忧郁颂 · Biographia Literaria文学传记· George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦1788~1824

· Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德·哈罗德尔游记 · Manfred曼弗雷德 · Cain该隐 · Don Juan唐·璜 · When We Two Parted当初我们俩分别· Persy Bysshe Shelley波西·比希·雪莱1792~1822 · Queen Mab麦步女王 · Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛 · The Cenci钦契一家 · The Masque of Anarchy, Hellas专制者的假面游行 · Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯 · Ode to the West Wind西风颂 · To a Skylark致云雀· John Keats约翰·济慈1795~1821

· On a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂 · Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂 · Ode to Autumn秋颂 · To Psyche普塞克颂

· On First Looking in Chapman’s Homer初读查普曼翻译的荷马史诗有感· Sir Walter Scott沃尔特·斯科特爵士1771~1832 · The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人 · Waverley威弗利 · Guy Mannering盖曼纳令 · Rob Roy罗伯·罗伊 · Ivanhoe艾凡赫 · Kenilworth肯纳尔沃斯堡 · Quentin Durward昆廷·达沃德 · St.Ronan’s Wells圣罗南之泉· Jane Austen简·奥斯丁1775~1817 · Sense and Sensibility理智与情感 · Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见 · Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园 · Emma爱玛 · Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺 · Persuasion劝导

4.The Victorian Age(1836~1901)· Charles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯1812~1870 · Sketches by Boz波兹特写 · The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传 · Oliver Twist奥利弗·特维斯特（雾都孤儿）· The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店 · Barnaby Rudge巴纳比·拉奇 · American Notes美国杂记 · Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱淑尔维特 · A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌 · The Chimes教堂钟声 · The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀 · Dombey and Son董贝父子 · David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔 · Bleak House荒凉山庄 · Hard Times艰难时世 · Little Dorrit小杜丽 · A Tale of Two Cities双城记 · Great Expectations远大前程 · Our Mutual Friend我们共同的朋友 · Edwin Drood艾德温·朱特· William Makepeace Thackeray威廉·麦克匹斯·萨克雷1811~1863 · Vanity Fair名利场 · Pendennis潘登尼斯 · The Newcomers纽克姆一家 · The History of Henry Esmond亨利·埃斯蒙德· Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816~1855

· Professor教师 · Jane Eyre简·爱 · Shirley雪莉 · Villette维莱特· Emily Bronte艾米莉·勃朗特1818~1854 · Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄· George Eliot乔治·艾略特1819~1880 · Adam Bede亚当·比德 · The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊 · Silas Marner织工马南 · Romola罗慕拉 · Felix Holt菲利克斯·霍尔特 · Middlemarch米德尔马契 · Daniel Deronda丹尼尔·德龙拉· Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代1840~1928 · A Pair of Blue Eyes一双蓝眼睛 · The Trumpet Major号兵长 · Desperate Remedies非常手段 · The Hand of Ethelberta艾塞尔伯塔的婚姻 · Under the Greenwood Tree绿荫下 · Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣 · The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长 · Tess of the D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝 · Jude the Obscure无名的裘德· Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德·丁尼生1809~1892 · In Memoriam悼念 · Break, Break, Break冲击、冲击、冲击 · Idylls of the King国王叙事诗·Robert Browning罗伯特·白朗宁1812~1889 · Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗 · Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧故事及抒情诗 · Men and Women男男女女 · Dramatic Personae登场人物 · The Ring and the Book环与书

5.Modern Period George Bernard Shaw Widower’s Houses,Mrs.Warren’s Profession, Pygmalion· Oscar Wilde奥斯卡·王尔德1856~1900 · The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子故事集 · The Picture of Dorian Gray多利安·格雷的画像

· Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子 · A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人 · An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫 · The Importance of Being Earnest认真的重

要

H.G.Wells

The Time Machine, The Invisible Man,The War of the Worlds,The First Man on the Moon

John Galsworthy The Forsyte Saga,(his first trilogy: The Man of Property, In Chancery, To Let)

William B.Yeats

Sailing to Byzantium, Leda and the Swan, The Lake Isle of Innisfree,Down by the Salley Gardens, When you are old

D.H.Lawrence

Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow,Women in Love

T.S.Eliot

The Waste Land, Four Quarters

Virginia Woolf

Mrs.Dalloway, To the Lighthouse

Joseph Conrad

Lord Jim, Heart of Darkness

1.Romantic Period · Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706~1790

· Poor Richard’s Almanac格言历书 · Autobiography自传· Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文 · A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty纽约外史 · The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.见闻札记 · A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada征服格拉纳达 · The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 · Rip Van Winkle瑞普·凡·温克尔· James Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯·菲尼莫·库柏1789~1851 · The Spy间谍 · Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五部曲 · The Deerslayer杀鹿者 · The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫西干人 · The Pathfinder探路者 · The Pioneer开拓者 · The Prairie草原· Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱莫生1803~1882 · Nature论自然· Henry David Thoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817~1862

· A Week on the Concord and Merrimack River康克德和美利马科河上的一周 · Walden华尔腾 · A Plea for John Brown为约翰·布朗请命· Nathaniel Hawthorne纳萨尼尔·霍桑1804~1864 · Twice-told Tales故事重述 · Mosses from and Old Manse古宅青苔 · The Scarlet Letter红字 · The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁楼的房子 · The Marble Faun大理石雕像·Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819~1891 · Typee泰比 · Omio欧穆 · Mardi玛地 · Redburn莱德伯恩 · White Jacket白外套 · Moby Dick白鲸（莫比·迪克）· Pierre皮埃尔 · Billy Budd比利·巴德· Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819~1892 · Leaves of Grass草叶集·Edgar Allen Poe埃德加·艾伦·坡1809~1849 · Ms Found in a Bottle在瓶子里发现的手稿 · The Murders in the Rue Morgue莫格路上的暗杀案 · The Purloined Letter被盗的信 · The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌 · Ligeia丽姬娅 · The Masque of the Red Death红色死亡的化妆舞会 · The Philosophy of Composition创作哲学 · The Poetic Principle诗歌原理

· Review of Hawthorne’s Twice-told Tales评霍桑的《故事重述》

2.The Age of Realism · Mark Twain马克·吐温1835~1910 · The Gilded Age镀金时代 · The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索亚历险记 · The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝里·芬历险记 · Life on the Mississippi在密西西比河上 · A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court在亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州的美国佬 · The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug败坏了哈德莱堡的人· Henry James亨利·詹姆斯1843~1916 · The American美国人 · Daisy Miller戴希·米勒

· The Portrait of a Lady一个青年女人的画

像 · The Turn of the Screw拧螺丝 · The Ambassadors使节 · The Wings of the Dove鸽翼 · The Golden Bowl金碗· Emily Dickenson艾米莉·迪金森1830~1886

· Because I Can’t Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神 · I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I died我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声 · Mine – by the Right of the White Election我的丈夫——选择如意情人的权利 · Wild Nights – Wild Nights暴风雨夜

American Naturalism ·Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871~1945 · Sister Carrie嘉丽妹妹 · Financier金融家 · The Titan巨头 · The Stoic斯多噶 · Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘 · American Tragedy美国的悲剧 · The Genius天才

Jack London

The Son of the Wolf The Call of the Wild The Sea-Wolf

3.The Modern Period · Ezra Pound埃兹拉·庞德1885~1972 · Cantos诗章· Robert Frost罗伯特·弗洛斯特1874~1963 · A Boy’s Will一个男孩的意愿 · Mountain Interval间歇泉 · New Hampshire新罕布什尔· F.Scott Fitzgerald弗·斯科特·费兹杰拉德1896~1940 · This Side of Paradise人间天堂 · Flappers and Philosophers轻佻女郎与哲学家 · The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和该死的（漂亮冤家）· The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨币（灯绿梦渺）· Tender is the Night夜色温柔 · All the Sad Young Man一代悲哀的年轻人 · The Last Tycoon最后的巨头· Ernest Hemingway厄内斯特·海明威1899~1961 · In Our Time在我们的时代里 · Winner Take Nothing胜者无所得 · The Torrents of Spring春潮 · The Sun Also Rises太阳照常升起

· A Farewell to Arms永别了，武器

· Death in the Afternoon午后之死 · To Have and Have Not富有与贫穷 · Green Hills of Africa非洲青山 · The Fifth Column第五纵队 · For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣 · The Old Man and the Sea老人与海· William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897~1962 · The Marble Faun玉石雕像 · Soldier’s Pay兵饷 · Mosquitoes蚊群 · Sartoris家族小说 · The Sound and the Fury喧嚣与骚动 · As I Lay Dying在我弥留之际 · Light in August八月之光 · Absalom, Absalom押沙龙，押沙龙 · Go Down, Moses去吧，莫西

American Drama · Eugene O’Neil尤金·奥尼尔1888~1953 · Beyond the Horizon天边外 · The Emperor Jones琼斯皇帝 · The Hairy Ape毛猿 · Desire under the Elms榆树下的欲望 · The Iceman Cometh卖冰的人来了

· Long Day’s Journey into Night长夜漫漫路迢迢

第二篇：大学英美文学答案

1.Herman Melville’s ______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A.Billy Budd

B.The Old Man and the Sea

C.White Jacket

D.Moby Dick

In addition to his novels, _______ wrote about 120 short stories and sketches.Among them are Young Goodman Brown and The Minister’s Black Veil.A.Henry David Thoreau

B.Nathaniel Hawthorne C.Ralph Waldo Emerson

D.Herman Melville

______ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones” and that evil will come out of evil though it may take generations to happen.A.The Marble Faun

B.The Blithedale Romance

C.Young Goodman Brown D.The House of Seven Gables

Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? A.The Conduct of Life

B.Representative Men

C.English Traits D.The American Scholar

Which is generally as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism? A.Nature

B.Walden C.On Beauty

D.Self-Reliance

There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually on the Puritan soil.A.Unitarianism

B.Mysticism

C.Romanticism

D.Puritanism

“The universe is composed of Nature and the soul… Spirit is present everywhere”.This is the voice of the book Nature written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, which pushed American romanticism into a new Phase, the phase of New England ______.A.Romanticism

B.Transcendentalism C.Symbolism

D.Naturalism

Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book, of which the most famous and anthologized are ____ and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.A.A History of New York

B.The Pioneers

C.Rip Van Winkle

D.Leatherstocking Tales

Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809, titled ______.A.The History of New York

B.The Marble Faun C.The American Scholar

D.The Cop and the Anthem

In the early 19th century American moral values were essentially Puritan.Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did _____.A.Rationalism

B.Romanticism C.Sentimentalism

D.Puritanism

Which is the character who appears in the novel Moby Dick? A.Hester Prynne

B.Pearl

C.Mr.Hooper D.Ahab

Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne ______ in American literature.A.The transcendentalist B.The largest brain with the largest heart C.The American scholar

D.Father of American poetry

Nathaniel Hawthorne is a master of psychological insight and central subject of his major works is the human soul.Choose his short story from the following ones.A.Omoo B.Uncle Tom’s Cabin

C.Young Goodman Brown

D.The Pearl

The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan in ______.A.The Marble Faun

B.The Ambitious Guest

C.The Scarlet Letter

D.Young Goodman Brown

From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experience came his famous essay, ______ which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.A.Common Sense

B.Civil Disobedience

C.Walden

D.Nature

Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson? A.Self-Reliance B.The American Scholar

C.The Divinity School Address

D.Of Studies

Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?

A.Nature

D.The Rhodora

B.English Traits C.Nature

D.The Rhodora C.The Rhodora

D.Representative Men

B.English Traits C.Nature

D.The Rhodora

Form the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry.A.Being highly individual

B.Harsh rhythms C.Lack of form and polish

D.All of the above

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s first book _____ is the fundamental document of his philosophy, and expresses his constant, deeply felt love for he natural scenes.A.Leatherstocking Tales

B.Walden

C.Nature D.Daisy Miller

Choose William Cullen Bryant’s poem from the following ones.A.Voices of the Night

B.Ligeia

C.Song of Myself

D.Thanatopsis

In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced he best poet _____ to appear in America up to that time.A.Edward Taylor

B.William Cullen Bryant

C.Edgar Allan Poe

D.Philip Freneau

Choose Washington Irving’s works from the following items.A.Walden

B.A History of New York

C.Self-Reliance

D.Sister Carrie

In the 19th century America, Romanticism had certain general characteristics.Choose such characteristics from the following items.A.Moral enthusiasm B.Faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception C.Presumption about the corrosive effect of human society D.All of the above

Herman Melville’s _____ is not only an adventure story, but also a significant philosophical work on spiritual exploration.A.The Egg B.The Over-Soul

C.Nature

D.Moby Dick

A new _____ had appeared in England in the last years of the 18th century.It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the 19th century.A.Realism

B.Romanticism

C.Naturalism

D..Critical realism

Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the hash God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New England _____.A.Naturalism B.Transcendentalism

C.Humanism

D.Unitarianism

Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and _____, there arose a kind of teaching of transcendentalism in the early 19th century.A.Mark Twain

B.Theodore Dreiser

C.Henry David Thoreau

D.Herman Melville

Transcendentalists recognized ______ as the “highest power of the soul”.A.intuition

B.thinking

C.logic

D.date of the senses

_____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.A.Hawthorne

B.Thoreau

C.Whitman

D.Emerson

The appearance of The Scarlet letter marked the maturity of Nathaniel Hawthorne as a novelist.Soon he composed the other three important novels including _____, The Blithedale Romance and The Marble Faun.A.Walden

B.The House of the Seven Gables

C.The Prairie D.The Fall of the House of Usher

Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and Thoreau.A.Jefferson

B.Oversoul

C.Freneau

D.Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay The American Scholar____ has been regarded as “Americas Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.At 19 in 1802_ Washington Irving ___began to write a series of sketches or essays on the theatre and the New York society, using the name of Jonathan Oldstyle.__Herman Melville___is famous for writing stories about the sea and the islands of the Southern Pacific.In his masterpiece Moby Dick, he tells a story of a Whaling voyage which is set a symbolic account of the conflict between man and his fate.Herman Melville’s world classic novel Moby Dick was dedicated to _Nathaniel Hawthorne___, a novelist.Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named _Moby Dick___, which is, critics have agreed, one of the world’s greatest masterpieces.Ralph _Waldo___ Emerson was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England.The civil war of 1861~1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of__Slavery____.___Ralph Waldo Emerson__ was a great American Transcendentalist and revolutionary Romanticist, whose first book Nature is the fundamental document of his philosophy.In the early 19th century Rip Van Winkle had established __Washington Irving________’s reputation at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism.Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was _Henry David Thoreau___, a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his junior by some 14 years._Washington Irving___’s Rip Van Winkle is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main stream of life.27.The Transcendental Club often met at _Ralph Waldo Emerson____’s home in Concord.In The Pioneers, __Natty Bumppo__ represents the ideal American, living a virtuous and free life in God’s world.In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote The Sketch Book___which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.The first important American novelist was _James Fenimore Cooper___.In 1823 Cooper James Fenimore wrote The Pioneers, the first of the five novels that make up _The Leatherstocking Tales___.The remaining four books: The Last of Mohicans(1826), The Prairie(1827), The Pathfinder(1840), and The Deerslayer(1841), continue the story of Natty Bumppo, one of the most famous characters in American fiction.In 1845, Thoreau began a two year residence at _Walden___ Pond.The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is taken from Washington Irving’s work named___The Sketch Book___.Emerson’s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories, was Henry __David__ Thoreau._____Edgar Allan Poe__’s poems have the musical quality and romantic beauty.The Raven is his best-known poem.Published in 1823, _The Pioneers____ was the first of the Leatherstcoking Tales, in their order of publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature.Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, of which the most famous and anthologized is_Rip Van Winkle___.__Washington Irving__was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.__Washington Irving___was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War.Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809.It was entitled _The History of New York___.In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America.It was entitled Nature by _Ralph Waldo Emerson___.The way in which __Nathaniel Hawthorne__ wrote The Scarlet letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.The American Romantic Period stretches form the end of the 18th century through the outburst of the __Civil War__.To A Waterfowl is perhaps the peak of _William Cullen Bryant___’s work, it has been called by an eminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.”

Emerson’s first book in 1836_Nature___brought American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England Transcendentalism.The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is Natty Bumppo____, who goes by the various names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _The Scarlet Letter___.Herman Melville’s novel__Moby Dick__ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.The English author named _Sir Walter Scott____ was, in a way, responsible for the romantic description of landscape in American literature and the development of American Indian romance.His Waverly novels were models for American historical romance.Leaves of Grass, either in content or form, is an epoch-making work in American literature;its democratic content marked the shift from romanticism to realism, and its free verse____form broke from old poetic conventions to open a new road for American poetry.In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne brought out his masterpiece _The Scarlet Letter___, the story of a triangular love affair in colonial America..In Washington Irving’s work _The Sketch Book___appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.For the whole 19th century _Emily Dickinson___was the only woman poet who enjoys high academic esteem today.She has been acclaimed as a poet of philosophical and tragic dimensions, a poet who was responsive to the challenging questions of man, nature and human consciousness.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called__the Transcendental Club____.As a philosophical and literary movement, _____ flourished in New England form the 1830s to the Civil War.A.modernism

B.sentimentalism

C.rationalism

D.transcendentalism

第三篇：英美文学重点

1.Sonnet is an exact form of lyric poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed, introduced from Italy by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard.The original form is Petrarchan sonnet(rhyming abba abba cde cde)and the English sonnet is also called Shakespearian(Shakespearean)sonnet(rhyming abab cdcd efef gg).2.Enlightenment movement: It was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe in the 18th century.The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.The enlighteners celebrated reason and rationality, equality and science.They held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities.They called for order, reason and rules.The representatives are Addison, Steele, Pope and Swift.3.Renaissance Movement: a revival of classical(Greek and Roman)arts and sciences(translation of classical works into English)from the mid-14th century in Italy to the mid-17th century in England, the mark of the close of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Western world.It was a cultural movement of the rising bourgeoisie.Its key word is humanism, which emphasizes the belief in man, his environment and doings and his brave fight for the emancipation of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas.Representatives are William Shakespeare, Francis Bacon, etc.4.Metaphysical poets: a group of 17th century poets, whose works are notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange

paradoxes and far-fetched imagery.John Donne is the most famous poet of the school.5.Sentimentalism: A popular and significant trend in the latter half of the 18th century, defined as over-indulgence in one’s emotion for the sake of a bitter discontent with social reality and a mild protest against the social crisis.It marks the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite, romanticism in English poetry.Writers of this school turned to the countryside instead of urban life.Representative writers are novelists Samuel Richardson, Oliver Goldsmith and Lawrence Sterne;and poet Thomas Gray(“Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard”)

6.Humanism: the values and ideals of the European Renaissance, which placed a new emphasis on the expansion of human capacity.Man was believed to be the source of infinite possibilities, ideally developing towards a balance of physical, spiritual, moral and intellectual faculties.The representatives are Shakespeare and Francis Bacon.7.Conceit: an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile in which two very different things are compared, e.g.in Donne’s poem “The Flea”, the body of the

flea is compared to the marriage bed and marriage temple of the speaker and his lover.8.Neoclassicism: a literary trend typical in the Enlightenment Movement, which models literary works after the classical works of ancient Greek and Roman writers.Writers of this trend valued order, logic, restrained emotion, and accuracy.They believe the aim of literature was to moralize as well as to entertain.Unity, harmony, grace are the great concern of neo-classical writers such as Alexander Pope.9..Bildungsroman(成长小说):A kind of novel that follows the development of the

hero or heroine from childhood or adolescence into adulthood, through a troubled quest for identity.The term(“formation novel”)came from Germany.Examples are Dickens’ David Copperfield, Bronte’s Jane Eyre and James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.10.Dramatic monologue:A kind of poem which a single fictional or historical character other than the poet speaks to a silent “audience” of one or more persons.Such poems reveal not the poet’s own thoughts but the mind of the impersonated（扮演的）character, whose personality is revealed unwittingly.Major examples of this are Tennyson’s “Ulysses”, Browning’s “Fra Lippo Lippi”, “My Last Duchess”, and T.S.Eliot’s “The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”.11.romanticism Influences of idealistic philosophers such as Kant，A strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th century writers and philosophers;Attention shifted from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world(内心世界)of the human spirit;a theory to see the individual at the center of art, to make literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes.Emphasis on feeling, imagination, intuition(直觉)and subjectivism(主观主义)

Love for nature.Belief in individuality and freedom.Glorification(赞颂)of the commonplace(凡人凡事).Interest in the past, the unusual, the unfamiliar, the bizarre(奇异的)or the picturesque(独特的).Feeling of loneliness

Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey，Byron, Shelley and Keats

11.拜伦式英雄Byronic hero:A boldly defiant but bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin, a lonely fighter.E.g.Characters in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Manfred, Emily Bronte’s Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights

12.Aestheticism: The doctrine or disposition（倾向）that regards beauty as an end in itself, and attempts to preserve the arts from subordination（附庸）to moral, didactic（说教的）or political purposes.The Aesthetic Movement is a literary and artistic tendency of the late 19th century which may be understood as a further phase of Romanticism in reaction against philistine（市侩的）bourgeois values of practical efficiency and morality.(Theoretical support from German philosophers such as Kant, who separated sense of beauty from practical interests.Influences can date back to French poets, the Rosettes, Pre-Raphaelites to Keats.)

Representatives: Baudelaire, Flaubert and the symbolists in France;Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde(Art for art’s sake)in Britain.13.The critical realism of the 19th century flourished（繁荣）in the 1840s and the beginning of the 1850s.The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated（描绘）the crying（紧急的）conditions of bourgeois（资产阶级）reality.The greatness of English realists lies not only in their satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and in the exposure of the greed and hypocrisy（虚伪）of the ruling classes, but also in their profound humanism which is revealed in their sympathy for

the laboring people.Representatives: Dickens, Thackeray, Charlotte Bronte, and Mrs.Gaskell.Paradox：A statement or expression so surprisingly self-contradicting as to provoke us into seeking another sense or context in which it would be true.The child is father of the Man.(Wordsworth)

Blank verse: Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.Most of Shakespeare’s plays are in blank verse.社会问题剧George Bernard Shaw’s works that present complex and often controversial themes within the framework of entertaining plots, appealing and unpredictable characters, and witty dialogue.His works are insistently rational, coolly ridiculing the conventions and prejudices of his time.Examinations of moral and social issues.Social responsibility.1.William Shakespeare: Hamlet

2.Francis Bacon: “Of Studies”

3.John Donne: “The Flea”

4.John Milton: Paradise Lost

5.Geoffrey Chaucer: Canterbury Tales

第四篇：英美文学

Analysis of Robinson Crusoe

2009级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s

failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only

indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full

understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a

remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and

never lose hope.

第五篇：英美文学

术语解释：

Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:

1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI

1591The First part of King Henry VI

1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors

1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew

1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet

1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream

***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V

1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It

1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will

In the second period:

1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well

160416051606Antony and Cleopatra

1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens

1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre

In the third period:

1609Cymbeline, King of Britain

1610The Winter’s Tale

1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII

7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人)

John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1

out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻画人物。

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主人公鲁滨孙的成功刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏艰难和困苦，充满野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，顽强毅力和斗志，依靠自己的双手改变一切、创造一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以讽刺的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。Attack the Britain

parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on

surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express

Transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都是平等的。

Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between

mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏

Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否将你比作夏天？

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空，And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,转眼会云雾迷蒙。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘零，By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于无常的天命。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫发无损。

Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的诗中长存。

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。

二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美

Sonnet 29

When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘零，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于希望，Featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一样广交游，Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行，With what I most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头；

Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我正要这样看轻自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地

From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门：

For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。

赏析：对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter）.韵式，即abab

cdcd efef gg。

To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鸟 》

-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特

Whither, 'midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空灿烂，白日的行程就要结束；

Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤单的前程追逐？

总结：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are

going?

Vainly the fowler's eye看你远远飞翔而无计可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾；

As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你映衬，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。

总结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to

bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？

Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？

• 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?

There is a Power whose care有上苍把你关照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在无路的海岸为你指路，The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和无边的空际，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤单的飘荡不致迷途。

• 总结：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕动翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空气稀薄暴风寒冷，飞在高处，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。

总结：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就会结束这样的劳苦，Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即将找到你夏天的住处；

And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼唤自己的伙伴，Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。

• 总结：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will

end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身躯全被吞没，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深渊里，你踪影全无；

Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我将久久地久久地把它记住。

• 总结:I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,谁，从一个地方到另一个地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越无限的天空作必然的飞翔，In the long way that I must tread alone,也会在我必须独自跋涉的长途上，Will lead my steps aright.正确地引导我的脚步。

赏析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.