第一篇:《大学》节选同步学案_老师版
教案编写时间:
授课时间:
总序第个教案
《大学》节选导学案
教学目标:
1、《大学》是儒家经典著作,对中国的政治、经济、文化等诸多方面有着深远的影响,学习中应让学生对其中“修齐治平”的思想有个基本的了解,并引导他们探讨这些思想的现代意义
2、《大学》的主体是“三纲”“八目”。要让学生明了这些内容的逻辑关系。
3、积累文言词句,把握文意
教学课时:两课时
学习过程:
一、给下列加点字注音
以致于庶.人
毋.自欺也
如恶恶臭...
如好好..色
身有所忿懥..
哀矜.
敖.惰
天下鲜.矣
苗之硕.
偾.事
上恤.孤
二、指出下列句子中的通假字并解释
1、此之谓自谦
2、在亲民
3、之其所敖惰
4、弟者,所以事长也
5、上恤孤而不倍
三、解释加点的字。
1、大学之道,在明明..德。
(使彰明)(美好的)
2、知止.而后有定.。
(确定的目标)
3、壹是..皆以修身为本。
(一切)
4、见君子而后厌.然。
(遮掩)
5、掩其不善,而著.其善.。
(显明)
6、之其所哀矜而辟.焉。
(偏颇,活译为过分)
7、上老老..而民兴孝。
(尊敬)(老人)
8、上长长..而民兴弟。
(尊敬)(长辈)
9、如恶恶..臭
(厌恶)(不好的)
10、如好好..色
(喜爱)(美丽的)
11、此之谓自谦.
(满足)
12、故君子必慎.其独也
(使谨慎)有所好乐.. 絜.
矩之道
13、知所先后,则近道矣 .
14、先诚其意 .
15、其所厚者薄,而其所薄者厚 ..
16、孝者,所以事君也 ...
17、故好而知其恶,恶而知其美者 ...
18、人之视已 .
19、先齐其家 .20、欲正其心者 .
21、人之其所亲爱而辟焉 ..
22、此谓一言偾事,一人定国 ..
23、而能喻人者,未之有也 .
24、有德此有人 .
四、句子翻译题
1、所谓诚其意者,毋自欺也,如恶恶臭,如好好色,此之谓自谦。
使意念真诚的意思是说,不要自己欺骗自己。要像厌恶腐臭的气味一样,要像喜爱美丽的女人一样,一切都发自内心。
2、所谓平天下在治其国者:上老老而民兴孝,上长长而民兴弟,上恤孤而民不倍。是以君子有挈矩之道也。
之所以说平定天下要治理好自己的国家,是因为,在上位的人尊敬老人,老百姓就会孝顺自己的父母,在上位的人尊重长辈,老百姓就会尊重自己的兄长;在上位的人体恤救济孤儿,老百姓也会同样不会违背。所以,品德高尚的人有道德上的示范作用。
五、指出下列句子的特殊句式
1、古之欲明明德于天下者
2、未之有也
3、所谓诚其意者,毋自欺也
4、孝者,所以事君也
5、尧、舜帅天下以仁
6、德者,本也;财者,末也。
六、选择题
1、下列各句中加点的实词解释正确的一项是(B)
A、人之其所亲爱而辟焉
辟:躲避
B、物格而后知至
格:探究 ..C、其机如此
机:机遇
D、见君子而后厌然
厌然:讨厌的样子 ...B(A“辟”意为“偏向”,C“机”应为“作用”之意,D“厌然”应为“掩盖、掩藏的样子”)
2、下列各句中不含通假字的一项是(D)
A、上恤孤而民不倍
B、如恶恶臭,如好好色,此之谓自谦
C、大学之道,在明明德,在亲民
D、是故君子先慎乎德 D(A“倍”通“背”,B“谦”通“慊”,C“亲”通“新”)
3、下列各项中两个句子句式不同的一项是(C)
A、未之有也
毋自欺也
B、德者,本也;财者,末也。
孝者,所以事君也。C、此所谓身不修不可以齐其家。尧、舜帅天下以仁 D、所谓修身在正其心者
恶而知其美者,天下鲜矣 C(A宾语前置,B判断句,C判断句/状语后置句,D无特殊句式)
4、下列各项中加点词语意义和用法相同的一项是(C)
A、欲正其心者,先诚其意
知至而后意诚 ..B、故好而知其恶,恶而知其美者
如恶恶臭,如好好色 ..C、壹是皆以修身为本
其本乱而末治者,否矣 ..D、故治国在齐其家
其本乱而末治者,否矣 ..C(A使……真诚/真诚,B喜好,喜欢/美好的,C根本,D治理/太平,安定)
5、下列各项中两个加点词语的用法相同的是(B)
A、所谓诚其意者,毋自欺也
故好而知其恶,恶而知其美者,天下鲜矣 ..B、之其所哀矜而辟焉
其所令反其所好 ..C、此谓修身在正其心
有德此有人,有人此有土,有土此有财 ..D、是故君子有诸己而后求诸人
所藏乎身不恕,而能喻诸人者 ..B(A句中表停顿助词/……的人,B所字短语,C这/则,就,D兼词“之于”)
6、下列各项中加点词语不属于古今异义的一项是(C)A、大学之道,在明明德,在亲民
B、如恶恶臭,如好好色,此之谓自谦 ....C、此谓身不修不可以齐其家
D、孝者,所以事君也 ....C(A项中“大学”意为古代天子所设学校,与小学相对而言,教以穷理、正心、修身、治人之道,与今义“实施高等教育的机构”有所差别。B项中“好色”意为美好的女子,与今义常用的“喜好美色”的贬义用法不同。D项中的“所以”意为“……的方式、途径”,与现在的因果关系连词意义用法也不同。)
7、下列各项中加点词语全不属词类活用的一项是(B)
①大学之道,在明明德 ②定而后能静,静而后能安 ③欲正其心者,先诚其意 ④掩其不...善,而著其善 ⑤此所谓诚于中,形于外 ⑥上老老而民兴孝 ⑦上长长而民兴弟 ⑧无诸己而....后非诸人 ⑨其本乱而末治者,否矣。..A、①②③
B、②⑤⑨
C、④⑥⑦
D、③⑦⑧
B(①中“明”是形容词活使动,③中“诚”是形容词使动,④中“著”为形容词使动,⑥中“老”为形容词意动,⑦中“长”为形容词做名词,⑧中“非”为形容词意动。②⑤⑨加点词未活用。)
8、下列有关课文中节选内容陈述有误的一项是(A)
A、《大学》是修身治人的儒家规则,它建议人之追求与建屋相似,须先打好基础,才能按致知、格物、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下的顺序完成个人追求。
B、《大学》中提倡“君子必先慎其独也”,指人在独处无人注意时容易犯错误,做人必须表里如一,所以应该在无人监督的情况下,依然能遵守道德规范,才算是君子之行。
C、诚意是意念真诚,不自欺欺人。但是,仅仅有诚意还不行。因为,诚意可能被喜怒哀乐惧等情感支配役使,使你成为感情的奴隶而失去控制。所以,在“诚其意”之后,还必须要“正其心”,也就是要以端正的心思(理智)来驾驭感情,进行调节,以保持中正平和的心态,集中精神修养品性。
D、儒学的进修阶梯由内向外展开,这里是中间过渡的一环。在此之前的格物。致知、诚意、正心都在个体自身进行,在此之后的齐家、治国、平天下开始处理人与人之间的关系,从家庭走向社会,从独善其身转向兼善天下。当然,其程序仍然是由内逐步外推:首先是与自身密切相关的家庭和家族,然后才依次是国家。天下。
A(应先“格物”方能“致知”,顺序错误。)
9、下列有关于儒家经典的相关常识陈述有误的一项是(B)
A、儒家经典“四书”,是《论语》、《孟子》、《中庸》、《大学》这四部著作的总称。
B、儒家的“五经”指《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《春秋》。
C、“四书”概念最早由南宋大儒朱熹提出,《大学》原为《礼记》中的一篇,是孔子及其门徒留下来的遗书,是儒学的入门读物,朱熹把它列为“四书”之首。
D、传说“四书”分别出于早期儒家的四位代表性人物孔子、孟子、曾参、子思、所以称为《四子书》(也称《四子》),简称为《四书》。
B(“五经”中没有《乐经》,应换为《易经》)
第二篇:大学节选学案
语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com 《大学》节选学案
一、作家作品积累:
1、《大学》原为 第四十二篇。宋朝程颢、程颐兄弟把它从《礼记》中抽出,编次章句。将《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》合编注释,称为,从此《大学》成为儒家 经典。朱熹把《大学》重新编排整理,分为“经”一章,“传”十章。一般认为,“经”一章盖 之言,而曾子述之;“传”十章,则曾子之意而门人记之。就是说,“经”是孔子的话,曾子记录下来;“传”是曾子解释“经”的话,由曾子的学生记录下来。
2、《大学》提出了“三纲领”和“八条目”。经一章提出了、、三条纲领,又提出了、、、、、、、八个条目。八个条目是实现三条纲领的途径。
3、《大学》是 的入门读物。所以,朱熹把它列为 之首。宋、元以后,《大学》成为学校官定的教科书和科举考试的必读书,对古代教育产生了极大的影响。
二、文言基础知识:解释加点的字。
1、大学之道,在明明德。()()
2、知止而后有定。()
3、壹是皆以修身为本。()
4、见君子而后厌然。()
5、掩其不善,而著其善。()
6、之其所哀矜而辟焉。()
7、上老老而民兴孝。()()
8、上长长而民兴弟。()()
三、课内阅读
所谓诚其意者(1),毋(2)自欺也。如恶恶臭(3),如好好色(4),此之谓自谦(5)。故君子必慎其独也(6)。
1、注音或解释词语:
(1)诚其意:。
(2)毋:
(3)恶()恶()臭():
(4)好()好()色:
(5)谦():
(6)慎其独:
2、根据文意,阐释“诚意”: 参考答案:
就是要不自欺,要慎独。
在与别人相处时是这样,在独处时也应该是这样。内心如此,表现于外更是如此,即所谓“诚于中形于外,故君子必慎其独也”。慎独是一种主观的道德修养方法,注重的是内在善的动机和外在善的表现的一致。
四、课文研读:
1.“修齐治平”四者的关系如何?要达到修身,需经过哪些步骤? 参考答案:
“修身”的意思是使个人修养达到完善的程度,是《大学》中对个人修养的最高要求,它是齐家、治国、平天下的根本。
齐家是指善于处理好家庭或家族内部的关系,它是治国、平天下的基础。
治国和平天下是齐家的扩大和延伸。
修身需要“格物”“致知”“诚意”“正心”四个步骤。
语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com 语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com “格物致知”就是要通过对事物的研究而获得对世界的正确认识的过程,为下一步诚意、正心奠定基础。“诚意”指的是在修养自身的过程中,能够做到诚实、不自欺。
所谓“正心”,就是教人防止个人感情的偏向。这四个步骤依次做来,就可以达到身修的目的了。2.《大学》采用了很多递进论述的方法,如 “知止而后有定,定而后能静,静而后能安,安而后能虑,虑而后能得。” 请将文章中的类似论证整理出来,体会其中的逻辑关系,弄明白它们所说的道理。
3.《大学》的论述可谓“微言大义”,精微的言辞中,蕴含着深刻的道理,这些深刻的道理,对现代人也是很有作用的。请以“君子有诸己而后求诸人,无诸己而后非诸人”为例进行分析。
参考答案:这句话的意思是:品德高尚的人自己身上具备了美德,然后再要求别人拥有美德;首先要去掉自己身上的不足,然后再去批评责备他人。
也就是说,要提高别人的道德水平,首先要提高自己的道德水平,要要求别人,首先要要求自己。它体现了儒家重视注重内向用功、律己甚严的内省的修养方法。这种方法在现代仍然是有现实意义的,它告诫我们,不能要求别人甚严,而要求自己甚宽。这对于人与人之间的日常交往,一个部门内部的管理,都有着深刻的启示。
五、拓展思考
为何说“壹是皆以修身为本”?有何重要意义?如今我们又该如何“修身”?
语文备课大师 xiexingcun.com
第三篇:高中英语 单元测试同步精品学案
单元测试(四)
第Ⅰ卷(共75分)
第一部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分35分)第一节 语法和词汇知识(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.There are ________ words in English that came from other languages.A.a good many of B.a great deal of C.a great many of D.a large number of 答案 D 解析 a large number of相当于a good/great many,意为“许多”,修饰可数名词复数。当A、C两项后接的名词前有限定词时,才需接介词of;B项修饰不可数名词。
2.Don’t use harsh soap to wash your face.It will ________ your skin.A.destroy B.damage C.ruin D.injure 答案 B 解析 句意为:不要使用刺激性的肥皂洗脸,它会损坏你的皮肤。damage指程度较轻、可进行修复的损坏;destroy一般指不可修复的损坏;ruin指程度较重,一般不可修复的损坏;injure意为“使受伤”。
3.After the earthquake was over,all the villages and towns were ________,and no people or animals were seen.A.in ruin B.in ruins C.at ruins D.for ruins 答案 B 解析 in ruins为固定搭配,意为“严重受损;破败不堪”。其他三项均无此结构。4.Do it right now!It’s ________ to complain(抱怨).
A.useful B.guilty C.useless D.valuable 答案 C 解析 由题干中“Do it right now”可知说话者认为抱怨是没有用的,故C项正确。useful“有用的”;guilty“内疚的;犯罪的”;valuable“有价值的”。
5.On hearing the news that her son had won the game,she burst ________ laughter.A.out B.with C.upon D.into 答案 D 解析 burst into为固定搭配,意为“突然爆发”,后常接laughter或tears。6.The flood was a terrible ________;hundreds of people died.A.accident B.disaster C.trouble D.relief 答案 B 解析 由后半句“hundreds of people died”可知这场洪水是一场大灾难。disaster“灾难”;accident“交通事故”;trouble“麻烦”;relief“解脱”。
7.The government organized teams to ________ those who were trapped.A.dig for B.dig up C.dig out D.dig from 答案 C 解析 dig out“掘出;发现”;由those后的定语从句“这些人被压在„„下面”,所以需要挖掘出来。
8.Mr.Smith is the only one of those foreigners who ________ in China.A.work B.is working C.are working D.had working 答案 B 解析 先行词为the only one of those foreigners,表示单数含义,故定语从句的谓语动词用单数,排除A、C两项;题干中没有明确表示过去的时间状语,故排除D项。9.It’s a really ________ experience.After that everybody was very ________.A.terrifying;shocking B.terrified;shocking C.terrifying;shocked D.terrified;shocked 答案 C 解析 terrifying“令人害怕的”,常用于修饰物;shocked“感到吃惊的”,常用于修饰人。
10.—Do you still remember the days ________ we spent in the countryside ten years ago? —Yes,I’ll never forget the experience.A.where B.when C.that D.what 答案 C 解析 先行词为the days指物,定语从句中spent缺少宾语,故用关系代词that引导,that可以省略。
11.The thief glanced about now and then ________ he knew he was being followed.A.even if B.as if C.in case D.so that 答案 B 解析 句意为:那个贼不时地左顾右盼,好像他知道自己被人跟踪一样。as if 引导方式状语从句,相当于as though。
12.—We are getting married!—________!
A.Thank you B.Good luck C.Congratulations D.You are right 答案 C 解析 句意为:“我们就要结婚了。”“恭喜恭喜。”当别人取得优异的成绩、通过某项考试或结婚、生子时可用congratulations向别人表示祝贺。
13.In an hour,we can travel to places ________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A.where B.when C.which D.what 答案 C 解析 which在从句中作主语。14.Some passengers were ________ in the traffic accident and taken to the nearest hospital.A.injured B.damaged C.destroyed D.harmed 答案 A 解析 injure可用于指身体上受到的伤害,也可指情感上受到了伤害。damage侧重指对物的“损害”,损害后事物一般可修复;destroy“破坏;毁坏”一般无法进行修复;harm一般指情感上的伤害。
15.—Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.—________ Have you got the first prize in the competiton? A.What for? B.Thanks a lot.C.Yes,I’d like to.D.Why not? 答案 A 解析 由答语中的问句可知想知道对方出去喝酒的理由,故A项与语境相符合。第二节 完形填空(共20小题;第小题1分,满分20分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16~35各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
In 1989 an 8.2 earthquake almost flattened America,killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes.In the middle of complete damage and disorder,a father rushed to the school where his son was supposed to be,__16__ that the building was __17__.After the unforgettably initial shock,he __18__ the promise he had made to his son:“No matter __19__,I’ll always be there for you!”And tears began to __20__his eyes.As he looked at the pile of ruins,it looked hopeless,but he kept remembering his __21__ to his son.He rushed there and started __22__ the ruins.As he was digging, other helpless parents arrived,__23__:“It’s too late!They’re all dead!__24__,face reality,there’s nothing you can do!”To each parent he responded with __25__:“Are you going to help me now?”No one helped.And then he continued to dig for his son,stone by stone.Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know__26__:“Is my boy __27__ or is he dead?”He dug for eight hours...12 hours...24 hours...36 hours...then,in __28__ hour,he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s __29__.He screamed his son’s name,“ARMAND!”He heard back,“Dad!?!It’s me,Dad!I told the other kids not to worry.I told them that if you were alive,you __30__ me and __31__ you saved me,they’d be saved.You promised,‘No matter what happens,I’ll always be there for you!’You did it,Dad!”
“What’s going on in there?”the father asked.“There are 14 of us __32__ __33__ 33,Dad.We’re scared,hungry,thirsty and thankful you’re here.When the building collapsed,it made __34__,and it saved us”.
“Come out,boy!”
“No,Dad!Let the other kids out first,__35__ I know you’ll get me!No matter what happens,I know you’ll always be there for me!”
16.A.only finding B.only to find C.only realizing D.only to realize 答案 B 17.A.as flat as a pancake B.as high as a mountain C.as strong as an ox D.as weak as a kitten 答案 A 18.A.memorized B.forgot C.kept D.remembered 答案 D 解析 从意义上判断,“他想起了他曾对他儿子许下的诺言”。memorized指“背诵,熟记”。
19.A.what B.what happen C.which D.who 答案 A 解析 从结构上分析,该句是省略了谓语动词的省略句,省略谓语之后,意义仍然清楚,如不省略谓语动词,则应使用第三人称单数happens,排除B项。从意义上分析,可排除C、D两项。
20.A.fill B.fill in C.come D.burst 答案 A 21.A.picture B.promise C.present D.encourage 答案 B 解析 从上下文文意判断,“他不停地想起他对儿子许下的诺言”。22.A.digging B.digging through C.digging out D.digging into 答案 B 23.A.to say B.said C.and saying D.saying 答案 D 解析 从结构上分析,应该用现在分词作伴随状语,应用saying。
24.A.Come out B.Come again C.Come on D.Come off 答案 C 25.A.one word B.one sound C.one row D.one line 答案 D 26.A.for himself B.of himself C.by himself D.to himself 答案 A 解析 “介词+反身代词”有固定含义,for oneself“独自地,亲自”;by oneself“单 独地”;of oneself“自行地;自动地”;to oneself “对(着)自己”。
27.A.live B.living C.alive D.lively 答案 C 解析 这四个词都有“活着的”之意,live仅用作定语,作表语用living,alive。living和alive在意义上有细微差别,living可作定语和表语,含有“本以为死了,然而还活着”的意思;alive作表语和后置定语,其含义与dead相对应;lively“生动的;活跃的”。
28.A.38 B.the 38 C.38th D.the 38th 答案 D 29.A.sound B.voice C.noise D.tone 答案 B 30.A.will save B.would save C.save D.would have saved 答案 B 解析 这是表将来的虚拟语气,主句中用would+动词原形,从下文的句子中也能找到类似的句子。
31.A.when B.because C.even if D.though 答案 A 32.A.remained B.missing C.left D.gone 答案 C 解析 此题包含一个固定句型:There are...left“还有„„剩余下来”。33.A.for B.behind C.out of D.over 答案 C 34.A.a promise B.space C.room D.a triangle 答案 D 解析 从意义上判断,“房屋倒塌时,自然形成的三角空隙”。而make room, make space意为“(有意识的)为„„腾出空间”。
35.A.because B.though C.when D.even though 答案 A 解析 从上下文文意判断,此句为原因状语从句。
第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Once upon a time,there was a father and a son.The son was very rude and often hurt others’feelings with bitter words.So he had no friends and got more and more fretful(烦躁的)day by day.The father had been trying to persuade him to change his bad manner but father’s efforts made no difference on the wild son.One day,the father got an idea.He set up a wooden board and called his son over and gave him a hammer and a box of nails.He told the young man to hammer a nail every time when he had a quarrel.The son did so.After a day,he himself saw the board was filled with nails whose quantity was so huge which looked so ugly that he was shocked and finally made up his mind to be a nice guy.The father suggested he pull out one nail every time when he checked his bad temper and avoided talking impolitely.He did that.When the last nail was drawn out the son was so excited that he couldn’t help showing the board to his father.However,his cheer trailed_away and slowly he grew frustrated(沮丧的)while he was staring at the board which was actually as disagreeable as a watersapped(被水侵蚀的)stone deep on the seabed.The father pointed to the holes left in the board and told him that sometimes the hurt just like the holes stuck in one’s mind forever.The boy cried and regretted being such an impudent(轻浮的)guy.Since then,he was polite and kind and made a lot of friends,and turned happily.36.Many people didn’t like the son because he used to ________ them.A.beat B.hurt C.fight with D.laugh at 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知这个小男孩经常用刻薄的话语去伤害别人。37.At first the son was ________ to listen to his father.A.happy B.sorry C.ready D.unwilling 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“made no difference on the wild son”可知父亲的劝告对小男孩不起任何作用。
38.Why did the father tell his son to hammer a nail? A.Because his son had nothing to do.B.Because his son liked to have a quarrel.C.In order to change his son’s bad manner.D.In order to love his son.答案 C 解析 细节理解题。他父亲用一种奇特的方式来帮助他改正错误。39.What does the underlined phrase“trailed down”mean?
A.减弱 B.放过 C.抛开 D.出轨 答案 A 解析 词义猜测题。由该短语所在的前句中的so excited 和however引导的表示转折关系的含义可知他的激动的心情渐渐减弱。
40.What’s the best title of the passage?
A.The Father and the Son B.The Son Had Quarrels with Others C.A Great Father D.How a Father Taught His Son 答案 D 解析 主旨归纳题。本文讲述了孩子表现不好,但是做父亲的并没有苦口婆心地劝说,而是通过具体事例让孩子理解,故选D项。
B
TOKYO(Reuters)—“Who played the father in the movie‘Kramer versus Kramer’? ”
That’s one of the 50 questions Japanese men could face in a “daddy exam”,meant to raise awareness about fatherhood in a country where men tend to work long hours and leave their wives in charge of childcare and household chores.Even men who remember Dustin Hoffman struggling as a father in the movie may have a hard time answering questions ranging from potty training and baby food to politics,such as the percentage of gross domestic product used for parenting support.Tetsuya Ando,director of Fathering Japan,a Tokyo nonprofit organization that came up with the test and will offer it to eager dads from next March,said the exam was a catchy way to get fathers into parenting.“There just isn’t enough information about parenting for fathers.Through the exam,we want men to realize that they don’ t know anything about childraising,”he said.For the price of 3,900 yen($34),fathers can find out whether they qualify as a “Super Dad”,or are in need of more effort as a “Challenge Dad”.
“We have received inquiries(咨询)from fathers,single men,tobedads,grandfathers...even an aunt who was concerned that her nephew is too busy with work to notice the fun of parenting,”Ando said.The image of fathers is gradually changing in Japan as younger men eschew their own dads’handsoff approach in favor of closer involvement,and a wave of new parenting magazines for male readers has been hitting newsstands.But it is still hard for Japanese fathers to cut down on their work hours and spend more time with their families.Only 0.5 percent of employed men in Japan took parental leave in 2005,as opposed to 14 percent in the United States and 12 percent in Britain in 2000.41.The “daddy exam”is intended to ________.A.test tobedads’ fatherhood knowledge B.test Challenge Dads’ parenting knowledge
C.attract the whole society’s attention to parenting
D.have fathers realize their responsibility for their families 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。由第一段的“...‘daddy exam’,meant to raise awareness about fatherhood”可知,该项测试旨在提高父亲对家庭的责任。注意同义句的替代是解决此题的关键。
42.In the exam,the Japanese fathers may find that ________.A.they almost know nothing about the questions B.the questions only make sense to tobedads C.there is ample information about parenting D.it’s not a good way to get them into parenting 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。由第三段的最后一句话“...to realize that they don’t know anything about childraising”可知。
43.The underlined word“eschew”in the last paragraph can be replaced by the word “________”.
A.avoid B.adopt C.improve D.addore 答案 A 解析 词义猜测题。前文告诉我们,男人因忙于工作而忽略了做父亲的责任,然后告诉我们,现在年轻男士的这一形象正在逐渐改变,因为他们避免了自己的父亲们不插手家庭事务的态度,正因如此,针对男士读者出版的一些养育孩子的一些杂志也深受欢迎,由此可以看出,该词和avoid同义。
44.The magazines for male readers are popular most probably because many men ________.A.long to know how to do household chores B.become more concerned about parenting C.want to get high scores in the 50question test D.like to know whether they are Challenge Dads 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。由前一分句,尤其是“in favor of closer involvement”可知这种男士读物受欢迎的原因,是因为男士们更加关心“parenting”,故选B项。
45.From the whole report,it can be inferred that ________.A.Japanese fathers show no interest in parenting B.young Japanese men tend to set about parenting C.young fathers value parenting less than their fathers D.Japanese fathers value parenting more than British fathers.答案 B 解析 推理判断题。
C
When an earthquake hit a small town,many houses fell down.After the earthquake,all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in trouble.One Sunday,when I was reading a newspaper,a special picture touched me.It gave the clothing sizes of each family member.I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves.I said to my sevenyearold twins,Brad and Brett,and threeyearold Meghan,“We have so much,and these poor people now have nothing.We’ll share what we have with them.”
I filled a box with foods and clothes.While I was doing this,I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favourite things.Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together.Then she walked away.A few minutes later she came back with Lucy,her muchloved doll.She put the doll on top of the other toys.“Oh,dear,”I said.“You don’t have to give Lucy.You love her so much.”Meghan said,“Lucy makes me happy,Mommy.Maybe she’ll make another little girl happy, too.”
I looked at Meghan for a long moment.She taught me a lesson.It’s easy to give something that we don’t want any more,but hard to give what we cherish(珍爱),isn’t it?
46.The writer has ________ children.A.one B.two C.three D.four 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据“I said to my sevenyearold twins,Brad and Brett,and threeyearold Meghan.”判断可知。
47.The underlined word “donate” probably means “________”. A.捐赠 B.丢掉 C.展出 D.放好 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。由孩子们找玩具及“Lucy makes me happy,Mommy.Maybe she’ll make another little girl happy,too.”判断可知。
48.Lucy is the name of ________.A.a girl B.a game C.a doll D.an earthquake 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。由“...she came back with Lucy,her muchloved doll.”判断可知。
49.Which of the following is true? A.An earthquake happened in the writer’s hometown.B.The writer let Meghan give her muchloved doll.C.The writer decided to buy some clothes for those people in trouble.D.The writer thinks it is more difficult to give what we love a lot.答案 D 解析 细节推理题。根据短文最后一段分析可知。50.What’s the best title of this passage?
A.A Family Story B.The Spirit of Giving C.The Way of Helping Others D.A Sad Experience 答案 B 解析 主旨归纳题。全文介绍作者看了报纸报道地震之后许多家庭陷入困境,她想借此机会让孩子们学会关爱他人,结果女儿给自己上了一课。
D
If you are in charge of a project,the key to success is getting everyone to want to help you.As a director,I point,I suggest,I gently push the actors in the direction I want them to go.In the 1986 movie,“Nothing in Common”,Jackie Gleason’s character,Max Basner,gets fired from his job as a clothing salesman.The scene,shot on a boat,shows Max’s despair about being out of work.I was looking for some gestrue that would allow Max to show his feelings.Jackie had far more experience at everything than I did,and at first I was frightened.What could I possibly tell “The Great One” about acting?Out of fear I decided to direct by suggestion,and I sat down with Gleason to talk about the scene.“So Max is sad,right?” I said.Gleason nodded.“And he’s probably still carrying his pens with his name on them—the ones he used to hand out to his customers,right?”
Gleason nodded.“So what would you want to do with the pens after you were fired?” He was silent for a moment.“Why don’t I throw them overboard?”
I stood up and turned towards the crew.“Hey,everybody,Jackie has a wonderful idea.Let’s shoot it.”
After filming the scene,Gleason called me over and said with a smile.“Garry,what kind of wonderful idea am I going to have tomorrow?”
You and your team can discover the answers to problems together.When there are no prizes or gold stars for those who get the solution first,you’ll all benefit when everything turns out right.51.The author tells us that to succeed in the project you are in charge of you should ________.A.make everyone work for you B.get everyone willing to help you C.let people know you have the final say D.keep sending out orders to them 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。在第一段中就给出了本题的答案。final say意为“最后的决定权”。52.It can be inferred that ________.A.Jackie Gleason is the director of the film “Nothing in Common” B.Jackie Gleason is very angry when he is fired from his job C.Max,a character in a film,is in very low spirits when he loses his job D.Jackie Gleason is the writer of the film“Nothing in Common” 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。从第一段倒数第二、三句可得出答案。despair意为“沮丧”。53.“The Great One” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.A.Gleason B.the director himself C.Max D.Max’s boss 答案 A 解析 词义猜测题。从第一段可知,Jackie Gleason是电影Nothing in Common中扮演Max Basner的演员。接着第二段说Gleason具有比“我”多得多的经验,像这样的“大人物”(The Great One),作者认为自己不能给予指导。
54.Why did Gleason call the director over and smile at him? Because Gleason ________.A.thought his wonderful idea was accepted by the director B.succeeded in hitting upon a wonderful idea C.was confident about his work the next day D.appreciated the director’s skill 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。由全文内容可知,Gleason是欣赏作者的技巧。55.The most suitable title for the passage is “________”. A.Directing a Film B.The Key to Success C.A Wonderful Experience D.Working with Film 答案 B 解析 主旨归纳题。第一段的第一句和最后一段的最后一句话前后呼应,都点明了文章的主题。
第Ⅱ卷(共45分)第三部分 书面表达(共两节,满分45分)第一节 阅读表达(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)阅读下面的短文,并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。
In the past hundred years a million people have died in earthquakes,another million have been killed by hurricanes(飓风)and tornadoes(龙卷风)and 9 million have lost their lives in floods.In addition to this, many more millions have died as a result of hunger and disease.We should also not forget in many of the world’s countries drought(旱灾)and serious water shortage are a fact of life,especially in the African Shale area bordering(与„„接壤)the Sahara Desert.Scientists and engineers around the world have made great advances in earthquake engineering.It_is,_of_course,impossible_to_move_cities_such_as_Tokyo(东京)and_San_Francisco(旧金山)that_have_been_built_on_earthquake_belts(带).But most often it is not the earthquake that kills people.It is the falling buildings,bridges and so on that cause deaths,and such a happening can be greatly reduced by better building programs.Finally,perhaps we need to consider the natural disaster that we are causing for ourselves.Through our mismanagement of the planet’s resources(资源)we have sped up(加速)the dying out of hundreds of sorts of plants and animals,at the same time possibly destroying our own longterm surroundings for life.Maybe this is one_disaster that could be prevented if we are willing to act with a sense of responsibility(责任).
56.What is the best title of the passage?(Please answer within 10 words.)Natural_Disasters 57.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? We should remember the fact that in many areas of the world people live a hard life because of drought and serious water shortage.We_should_also_not_forget_in_many_of_the_world’s_countries_drought_and_serious_water_shortage_are_a_fact_of_life.58.What does the underlined part in the last paragragh refer to?(Please answer within 10 words.)Man’s_mismanagement_of_natural_resources.59.In your opinion which of the disasters mentioned in the passage is the worst?Why?(Please answer within 30 words.)The_answer_may_vary.60.Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.当然,要想把像东京和旧金山那样建在地震带上的城市移走是不可能的。
第二节 写作(满分30分)假如你(李华)是一名中学生,假期中做了一次社会实践活动。在这次活动中你认识到水是生命之源,水资源越来越匮乏,传统的农业灌溉方式对水资源的浪费太大。请你就该问题给人民日报社写一篇倡议信,建议农民使用现代化的浇灌方式,节约用水,保护水资源,为子孙后代造福。写信时间:2009年5月17日。
【参考范文】 May 17,2009 Dear Editor,My name is Li Hua.I’m a middle school student.I’m writing this letter to put forward a proposal to make good use of water.As is well known to us all,water is the source of life.Without water there would be no living things.Besides,fresh water is becoming less and less.But it is a fact that farmers are still watering crops and vegetables using the traditional way.It’s a waste of water to irrigate farm lands in this way.In my opinion farmers play an important role in saving water.I think it would be better for farmers to use modern technology when they use water for farming.Only in this way can we save as much water as possible.I propose that every one of us should try our best to save water,especially the farmers,so that we can leave more fresh water for our young generations.
第四篇:《荷塘月色》学案(老师用)
2011——2012学年高一语文导学案
使用时间:
编制:曾嵘
审核:
课题:《荷塘月色》
【学习目标】
1.知识与技能:提高对情景交融的意境的鉴赏能力。学习作者运用语言的技巧:比喻、通感的巧妙运用,动词、叠词的精心选用。
2.过程与方法 :诵读;把握本文的情感脉络,学习鉴赏写景状物类散文。3.情感态度与价值观:了解作者不满社会现实,向往自由生活的思想感情。
【学法指导】
1.速读课文,理清文章结构,把握本文的情感脉络。
2.认真诵读课文,仔细品味语句,通过认真仿写来运用语言。3.归纳本文写作特色,学会鉴赏写景状物散文。
第一课时
【课前预习案】
【滴水穿石 夯实基础】
1.荷花深为中国人所喜爱,无数的骚人墨客为之陶醉,留下了千古流传的名篇佳作,试举五例。①“清水出芙蓉,天然去雕饰”(李白)
②“出淤泥而不染,濯清涟而不妖”(周敦颐)
③“接天莲叶无穷碧,映日荷花别样红”(杨万里)
④红藕香残玉簟秋,轻解罗裳,独上兰舟(李清照《一剪梅》)⑤叶上初阳干宿雨,水面清圆,一一风荷举。(北宋·周邦彦《苏幕遮》)
⑥荷叶罗裙一色裁,芙蓉向脸两边开。乱入池中看不见,闻歌始觉有人来。(唐王昌龄《采莲曲》)⑦小荷才露尖尖角,早有蜻蜓立上头。(杨万里《小池》)
2.给下列加点的字注音。蓊蓊郁郁(wěng)
袅娜(niǎo nuó)踱步(duó)
霎时(shà)
......弥望(mí)斑驳(bó)
渺茫(miǎo)
点缀(zhuì)....3.解释下列词语。
幽僻:幽深、僻静。
蓊蓊郁郁:草木茂盛的样子。踱:慢步行走。
弥望:满眼。弥,满。
袅娜:柔美的样子。
脉脉:这里形容水没有声音,好像深含感情。
风致:美的姿态。
斑驳:原指一种颜色中杂有别的颜色,这里有深浅不一的意思。一例:一律。
丰姿:风度仪态,一般指美好的姿态。也写作“风姿”。碧:青翠欲滴的样子。
大意:这里指大概的轮廓。
【自主学习整体感知】
1.说说作者夜游荷塘的行踪,理清文章结构。
空间线索——明线:出家门、踱小路、观荷塘(月下荷塘——塘上月色——荷塘四周)、回家
2.找出最能体现作者感情基调的语句,体会这句话的含义和在文中的作用。
“这几天心里颇不宁静。”这是社会现实的剧烈动荡在作者心中激起的波澜,此句称“文眼”,放在篇首,如一锤定音,为全文定下了抒情的基调。
【课内探究案】
1.作者为什么要想到《西洲曲》和江南采莲的旧俗?
作者苦闷、忧愁、烦躁、困惑,这时候作者想到《西洲曲》和采莲,折射出他对现实的不满和否定,对美好生活的向往。这个是时代变化在作者心灵的投影。
2.下面四句诗,哪一句最符合作者写《荷塘月色》一文的动机和心情?(4)(l)抽刀断水水更流,借酒消愁愁更愁。
(2)问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。
(3)欲上高楼去避愁,愁还随我上高楼。
(4)剪不断,理还乱,才下眉头,又上心头。3.朗读全文,说说全文的感情脉络:
感情脉络——暗线:不宁静——找宁静——暂得宁静——失宁静——回到现实的不宁静中来。
【回顾总结 学习借鉴】
外结构(空间上)
内结构(心理上)
第二课时 【课前预习案】
梳理四、五、六段文字的内容。
1.作者给我们描绘了如画的美景,你能给这三幅画起个名字吗?
月下荷塘(4段)——塘上月色(5段)——荷塘四周(6段)
2.第四段的画面依次描绘了哪些景物?
荷叶、荷花、荷香、荷波、荷韵
3.第五段作者借哪些景物,写出荷塘上月色的特点?
借叶、花、树,写出了月色朦胧飘渺的特点。
4.第六段写了荷塘四周的景色,与课文第2段照应,试比较两段写景的异同。
相同:都写了荷塘四周景物,都写了树、小路。
不同:第2段重点写了小煤屑路的寂静、阴森,写得简略。而本段着笔点是树,着眼点是月,以树写月。由外到内到外;由远到近到远。由近及远,写了树色、烟雾、远山、灯光,再由静到动,写到蝉声、蛙声。
【课内探究案】(见导案分析)
1.从文中找自己喜欢的句子,进行品味、赏析。(4——6段每段至少两句)
2.通感,即指“一种感觉超越了本身的局限而领会到属于另一种感觉的印象”,亦即把人们的各种感觉(视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉等等)通过比喻或形容沟通起来的修辞方式。因此,通感又被人们称为“移觉”。如:微风过处,送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。
通感并不仅仅在文学作品中才被使用,日常用语中,也常常有通感。请举两例。
【回顾总结 学习借鉴】
【能力提升案】
一、仿句练习:
1.词语运用的仿写。要求学生围绕一个中心写一段话(写景、状物、叙事皆可)其中至少要用到五个叠字和两个准确生动的动词或形容词。(写两句)
例句:春天的脚步悄悄地走进了校园, 微微的春风吹醒了沉睡的花草, 草地上长出了青青的嫩叶。静静的春夜, 下起了绵绵细雨, 滋润着万物生长, 伴我进入甜甜的梦乡。(叠字、动词运用得好)
2.比喻连用的仿写。要求学生造一个准确运用双比喻(一个本体用两个喻体)的句子。(至少两句)
例句:走进我们的教室, 弥望的是张张桌面上竖起一排排围墙, 又如学校花园里的一条条绿化带。(双比喻运用恰当)
二、课文学习总结(写一篇200——300字的赏析短文): 角度:主题、语言、写作技巧、文章结构思路等。
三、讨论:余光中先生在《论朱自清的散文》(见课后练习)一文中,指出《荷塘月色》善用明喻,好用女性意象,认为这些譬喻大半泛浮,轻易,阴柔,在想象上都不出色,且伤感滥情,试重温《背影》《荷塘月色》《匆匆》《春》《温州的踪迹》《桨声灯影里的秦淮河》等散文,谈谈你的理解与看法。
第五篇:豆腐颂 学案 老师
豆腐颂 林海音
学习目标:
1.了解作者林海音;
2.知道课文是从几个方面来赞颂豆腐,更深层次地了解豆腐;
3、学习文章托物言志的写法,体会豆腐中蕴含的文化意义;
4、产生对豆腐的喜爱之情,并以我们的“中国豆腐”为荣。
背景链接:
林海音(1918-2001),原名林含英,小名英子,原籍台湾省苗栗县,父母曾东渡日本经商时生下了她,不久即返台,当时台湾已被日本帝国主义侵占,其父不甘在日寇铁蹄下生活,举家迁居北京,小英子即在北京长大。在北京长大和读书,受到京味文化中那种雍容大度、典雅文风的影响。
曾就读于北京新闻专科学校,毕业后任《世界日报》记者。1948年8月回到故乡台湾,任《国语日报》编辑。1953主编《联合报》副刊,开始文艺创作,兼任《文星》杂志编辑,1967年创办《纯文学杂志》,后又经营纯文学出版社。
她是一位文风独特的女作家,也是一位慧眼识文的编辑、出版人。她回到台湾后,一直眷恋着养育她成长的那片土地,她说过:“我所能感觉到的乡情有两种:一种是台湾的。许多亲友听说我‘少小离家老大回’,都来接风叙旧,对于我的‘乡音未改’,尤其感到愉快。另一种是大陆的。例如山东朋友明明听我是‘京油子’,却坚称我是老乡。广义的说,都是从大陆上来的。”她把对大陆的乡愁,融入笔端,那满怀乡思的情感打动了无数读者的心。
林海音的创作讫今为止,已出版十八本书。散文集《两地》、《作客美国》等;短篇小说集《城南旧事》、《婚姻的故事》等;长篇小说《春风》。
课文预习:
1、注音
鲥()鱼 香椿()菽()乳 奶酪()臊子()白梗()合作讨论、课堂学习:
1、文章围绕豆腐侃侃而谈,涉及正史与逸闻、传说与民俗、时事与个人经历,以及医学、文学、美食知识,真是五花八门,请梳理文章,概括出所写内容。1、2节 豆腐之美 3、4节 豆腐的作用:营养价值高,养颜 5、6节 工艺做法:泡-磨-滤-添-压 7、8节 豆腐的历史变迁:汉-宋-清
9节
“豆腐”名称的沿革
10节
豆腐是“贫苦老实和勤劳”的象征
11-16节 “麻婆豆腐”的传说和做法
17-19节 作家梁容若在困苦中“知道豆腐的价值”,及有关“豆腐全席”的见闻和感受 20-21 节 赞美中国豆腐的文化味道。
2、文章题目是《豆腐颂》,“颂”,即赞美、赞颂,课文中哪句话最集中地表达了作者对豆腐的赞美?
它是平民的,但并不平凡,我们的“中国豆腐”!
3、如何理解这句话。
“平民”:
豆腐普及——有中国人的地方就有豆腐;
易于搭配——可和各种鲜艳的颜色、奇异的香味搭配;它和„„没有不结缘的;
制作简易----
5、6段
“不平凡”:
可以和各种不同的菜肴搭配,从樱桃到木耳,从鲥鱼到羊杂,使菜肴颜色更鲜艳、香味更奇异——具有亲和特性,可以和多层次菜肴和谐搭配,却保持本色。
营养丰富——引用谚语,说服有力;
历史悠久——已有2100多年的历史,从平民到贵族。象征意义:老实、勤劳、清正、廉洁。
豆腐颂(第二课时)林海音
学习目标:
1.学习文章托物言志的写法,体会豆腐中蕴含的文化意义;
2、产生对豆腐的喜爱之情,并以我们的“中国豆腐”为荣。
1、文章最后用2位作家来证明“豆腐的价值”,来阐明“豆腐修养”,揭示了豆腐的文化内涵,结合全文,思考豆腐有哪些文化内涵?
平和宽厚、真情互动 “人跟人相处,你不能蛮横的要求对方的心情必须永远是、春天。朋友难免失言、失态、失礼、失约。那时候,只有像豆腐那样柔软的宽厚心情,才能容忍对方一时的过失。朋友相交,夫妻相处,如果没有豆腐修养,很可能造成终身的遗憾。”请您叙述亲身经历体验的故事来谈谈您对这段话的理解。
豆腐是柔软、平和的,那么人与人相处也应相互体谅,这正是中国人“温柔敦厚”、“中庸平和”的特质,突出一种豆腐式的阴柔之美。而该特质却是中国传统文化的核心表现.豆腐也是中国传统文化的一个象征载体,它寄予了我们现代人在人际交往过程中也应具备谦和、宽容、容忍的豆腐素养。
2、豆腐对于中国人来讲是再普通不过的食品,作者为什么要写这样一个题目?
《豆腐颂》可算是饮食小品散文,写的是豆腐,但却依托豆腐言志,即认同和赞美中国传统文化的一个特质,赞颂豆腐具有中国文化精神的一个特征——平易而脱俗,平和而宽厚,朴素而隽永。
3、归纳本文的写作特点
以小见大,托物言情 灼灼赤子心,浓浓中国情
4、请你用以小见大的手法写下你心中认为能代表“中国”的事物(中国结 饺子 印章 瓷器)如: 中国结的文化内涵
中国人是龙的传人。龙神的形象,在史前时代,是用绳结的变化来体现的。“结”字也是一个表示力量、和谐,充满情感的字眼,无论是结合、结交、结缘、团结、结果,还是结发夫妻,永结同心,“结”给人都是一种团圆、亲密、温馨的美感。“绳结”这种具有生命力的民间技艺也就自然作为中国传统文化的精髓,兴盛长远,流传至今。
中国结不仅具有造型、色彩之美,而且因其以形意得名,如盘长结、藻井结、双钱结等,体现了我国古代的文化信仰及浓郁的宗教色彩,体现着人们追求真、善、美的良好的愿望。在新婚的帖钩上,装饰一个“盘长结”,寓意一对相爱的人永远相随相依,永不分离。在佩玉上装饰一个“如意结”,引申为称心如意,万事如意。在扇子上装饰一个“吉祥结”,代表大吉大利,吉人天相,祥瑞、美好。在烟袋上装饰一个“蝴蝶结”,“蝴”与“福”谐音,寓意福在眼前,福运迭至。
传说中国结是由一个和尚在闲暇之余用一根绳编出一个整结,然后串上名贵的佛饰品,在按上编出”王“字的穗,流传至今。当时的和尚,为了体现他“一心一意”向佛所以是用一根线编出来的,穗上为了体现他”至高无上“的信仰故编出”王“字。后来,逐渐流入社会,中国结的意义也从信仰改变为中国人对亲情、友情、爱情的”一心一意”及拥有者”至高无上”身份的象征。
龙图腾 所谓图腾,就是原始时代的人们把某种动物,植物或无生物当作自己的亲属,祖先或保护神。相信它们不仅不会伤害自己,而且还能保护自己,并且能获得它们的超人的力量,勇气和技能。人们以尊敬的态度对待它们,一般情况下不得伤害。氏族,家族等社会组织以图腾命名,并以图腾作为标志。
所谓图腾文化,就是由图腾关念衍生的种种文化现象,也就是原始时代的人们把图腾当做亲属,祖先或保护神之后,为了表示自己对图腾的崇敬而创造的各种文化现象,这些文化现象英语统称之为totemism。
八、作业 整理学案,完成上交。