民用航空维修质量管理重点

第一篇：民用航空维修质量管理重点

质量检验阶段、统计质量管理阶段、全面质量管理阶段 统计质量管理指主要采用统计技术进行质量控制的一套方技术和制度。ISO“反映产品或服务满足明确的或隐含需要能力的总和。” 真正质量特性和代用质量特性 5 质量控制阶段：一是对影响产品质量各环节、各因素制定计划和程序，即建立质量控制计 划与标准；二是要在实施过程中进行连续评价和验证，发现问题进行分析，对异常情况进行处置并采取纠正措施 6 设计质量、制造质量和使用质量 7 质量审核是质量保证最重要的职能（质量体系审核、产品审核、过程质量审核和服务质量审核）质量体系指的是为实施质量管理的组织结构、职责过程、程序和资源 质量管理的定义：确定质量方针、目标和职责并在质量体系中通过诸如质量策划、质量控制、质量保证和质量改进使其实施的全部管理职能的所有活动。质量策划是指确定质量体系要素的目标和要求的活动。人；设备；材料；方法；环境 提高航空维修的全面质量管理的七方面：建立和完善航空维修的质量体系；开展并强化航空维修的工程管理，明确维修的质量特性；重视和提高可靠性管理的水平，不断地优化维修方案； 以科学的方法改进航空维修的工序能力的控制；重视维修的质量成本控制，优化航空维修的质量特性，实现全面的质量目标；重视和加强质量信息及数据的收集与分析；搞好自我质量审核，提高审核工作的质量保证作用 11 全面质量管理：一个组织以质量为中心，以全员参与为基础，目的在于通过让用户满意和本组织所有成员及社会收益而达到长期成功的管理途径。工作质量：与维修质量有关的工作对于维修质量的保证程度。全面质量管理特点：管理内容全面；管理范围全面；人人参与；方法全面 质量控制的两个阶段：对影响产品质量各环节、各因素制定计划与程序；在实施过程中进行连续评价和验证，发现问题进行分析，对异常情况进行处置并采取纠正措施 14 质量管理是确定质量方针、目标和职责，并在质量体系中通过诸如质量策划、质量控制、质量保证和质量改进使其实施的全部管理职能的所有活动 质量策划：维修标准的制定，维修规划，性能工程，维修作业标准的制定维修作业标准的制定 维修规划是营运人工程与维修方面的方针、政策和详细的维修安排、具体实施计划以及与之相应的程序、标准和方法。换言之，维修规划是民航总局批准或许可的营运人在维修与工程方面的总体规范和要求 生产计划与控制：规定各级定期维护、检修工作的方法、程序；对影响维修质量的因素

进行预防性控制；对工序能力进行分析和研究确定工序能否满足规定要求 质量职权集中原则：航空维修的工作质量是由从事维修、预防性维修、修理和改装工作的航线或车间的维修人员和管理人员共同承担。这是全面质量管理的质量责任人人有责的原则，要做到人人有明确的责任，事事有人管。然后每个人的维修工作质量必须由授权质量检验员来检查，由他们来确定所完成的工作质量是否满足有关的技术标准。质量体系审核：与被审核领域无直接责任的人员检查体系文件的贯彻执行情况 17 质量体系评审：最高管理者就质量方针和新目标对质量体系的现状与适应性所作的正式评价 PDCA：Plan，Do，Action，Check 18 过程控制-策划-质量策划：确定过程每一步将实现的质量特性；确定所要求的过程输出的质量特性和过程能力之间的关系；确定过程的每一步中要达到的质量特性的影响因素及其控制程度；建立测量过程有效性和效率的方法 标准化控制方法：工作过程标准化；工作成果标准化（产出标准化）；工作条件和技能标准化 20 航空器的维修品质，也称维修性能，是指航空器设计时所赋予装备本身的，直接影响维修的固有属性和设计特征。（可靠性；维修性；安全性；人为因素）飞机可靠性是指飞机及其系统、部件在使用过程中不发生或少发生故障的一种属性，也即是在规定的使用条件下和规定的时间内完成规定功能的能力。飞机寿命设计；损伤容限设计；耐久性设计 飞机的维修性是指飞机及其系统、部件在规定的时间和规定条件下，按规定的方式和方法进行维修时，能保持和恢复其良好的技术状态的可能性，或表示对可修件所进行的维修难易程度。维修时间；维修人员工时；维修频数；维修费用 与维修性有关的飞机设计内容：维修简便；维修停飞时间短；维修费用低；有效维修差错措施；降低对维修人员的要求 质量改进是为向本组织及其顾客提供增值效益，在整个组织内所采取的提高活动和过程的效果和效益的措施。偶发性故障（急性质量故障）；经常性故障（慢性质量故障）质量改进的步骤：全企业参与；质量改进目标或活动的准备；调查可能的原因；确定因果关系；采取预防或纠正措施；确认改进；保持成果；持续改进 质量保证三个方面：如何进行质量管理以达到质量要求，进而满足民用航空规章中对航空维修的要求和标准；向适航当局提供营运人在工程与维修方面满足适航要求的信任；向适航当局提供满足适航要求的证据 30 质量管理部门的管理职责：质量监督；不合格控制与纠正措施；质量文件和纪录；质量审核

航空维修的持续分析与监督目的：及时发现偏差程序和标准的问题，以便采取纠正措施

判断标准：质量计划、程序、标准 33 质量检查（事后检查，机械员）；质量检验（检验人员）；质量监督（事前预防，没有固定方式）；质量审核（有严格程序）34 质量监督对生产过程连续的监视和验

证；质量审核对生产过程的定期验证

管理制度：适航放行制度；保留故障和延期维修控制制度；重复故障控制制度 36 标识的分类：可用/不可用标签；报废标签；串件标签

当营运人本身不具备从事某些维修项目的能力和资格时，营运人必须以适航部门批准或认可的形式和方式，将部分或全部与适航性责任相关的维修作业项目委托给按CCAR－145批准的维修机构来完成。此时，营运人必须通过有效的控制程序与手段来保证自己承担的适航性责任确实由委托的维修机构完整充分地落实，这就是适航性协调。

质量审核是确定质量活动和有关结果是否符合计划的安排，以及这些安排是否有效地实施并适合于达到预定目标的有系统的、独立的检查。

自我审核、自我暴露、自我医治

审核什么；何时审核；谁执行审核和监督职能；审核中产生什么文件和记录；如何报告审核结果，谁负责审批；如何采取纠正措施，谁负责验证。

系统审核；程序审核；产品审核；特殊审核

42可靠性设计基本要求：设计时应采取破损安全设计、电子元件减额使用、必 要的余度技术等设计原则；飞机及其机件的寿命、使用期限、平均故障间隔时间

等应明确规定，满足指标要求，并且要做到相互匹配；飞机及其机件本身的构造、结构应力求简单；机件、设备应整体化、集成化、减少器件数量和机件复杂性；尽量采用不需要或很少需要进行预防性维修的机件和设备，以减少维修内容和频数；采用预防和控制腐蚀的措施，使飞机及其机件具有良好的使用耐久性和环境适应性；要尽量采用合乎真实任务使用环境的试验标准和程序，使飞机及其机件在实际使用环境中可能发生的问题，能及时发现和解决。

部件项目纠正措施：附件改装；飞机改装；修订零部件维修方式；修订翻修手册；修订修理手艺；修订零部件翻修时限。44 维修工程数据分析：对各工程管理例如翻修时限、检查周期、翻修内容或检查程序的影响；包括检查频次和内容、功能检查、翻修程序和时限在内的各种维修方案修订内容；用以决定是否需要更改维修方案进行统计或工程上的研究；飞机、系统、部件的改装或修理；作业程序或工艺的更改；其他与当时状况有关的影响。

定量的参数：重要维修项目和重要结构项目；维修方式（定时方式、视情方式和状态监控方式）；定时方式项目的使用时限；视情方式项目的视情参数和潜在故障状态的判据；状态监控方式项目的监控参数（寿命分布类型、故障率、平均故障间隔时间）；检查等级；检查周期，初次检查时间，重复检查间隔时间；抽样检查方案。

第二篇：民用航空机务维修专业英语

轮档挡好--Chocks in 地面电源设备接好--Ground power connected 收到--Roger 现在关闭发动机--Shutting down engines 准备牵引--Ready for pushback 所有舱门已关好--All doors checked closed 松刹车--Brakes off 松刹车--Release parking brakes 刹车已松--Brakes off 刹车已松--parking brake Released 可以牵引--Clear for pushback 23号跑道起飞--Runway(or face)two three 05号跑道起飞--Runway(or face)zero five 牵引完成--Pushback complete 刹车--Brakes on 刹车--Set parking brake 刹车刹好--Brakes on 刹车刹好--Parking brake set 准备启动1（或2）号发动机--Start number one(or two)可以启动1（或2）号发动机--Clear number one(or two)已经供气（如需气源车）--Pressure on 启动结束--Start complete 断开地面设备--Disconnect ground equipment 插销移开--Ping Removed 稍等--Standby 稍等启动--Standby for start 稍等推出--Standby for pushback 在左（或右）方打手势--Hand signal on the left(or right)

aircraft crew, air crew 机组, 机务人员 pilot 驾驶员, 机长

co-pilot, second pilot 副驾驶员 navigator 领航员 steward 男服务员

stewardess, hostess 空中小姐 radio operator 报务员

Bairliner 班机 monoplane 单翼飞机 glider 滑翔机 trainer aircraft 教练机 passenger plane 客机

propeller-driven aircraft 螺旋桨飞机 jet(aircraft)喷射飞机 amphibian 水陆两用飞机

seaplane, hydroplane 水上飞机 turbofan jet 涡轮风扇飞机 turboprop 涡轮螺旋桨飞机 turbojet 涡轮喷射飞机 transport plane 运输机 helicopter 直升机 supersonic 超音速 hypersonic 高超音速 transonic 跨音速 subsonic 亚音速 Airbus 空中客车 Boeing 波音 Concord 协和 Ilyusin 依柳辛

McDonald-Douglas 麦道 Trident 三叉戟 Tupolev 图波列夫

hatch 舱口

aeroengine, air engine 航空发动机 navigation light 航行灯 fuselage, body 机身 nose 机头 wing 机翼 aileron 副翼 wing flap 襟翼

tail plane 水平尾翼 starboard wing 右翼 port wing 左翼

pilot“s cockpit 驾驶舱 parachute 降落伞 passenger cabin 客舱 propeller 螺旋桨

pressurized cabin 密封舱 undercarriage 起落架

undercarriage wheel 起落架轮 elevator 升降舵

radio navigation device 无线电导航设备 radio directive device 无线电定向设备 luggage compartment 行李舱(fuel)tank 油箱

auxiliary(fuel)tank 副油箱 main(fuel)tank 主油箱 autopilot 自动驾驶仪

ground crew 地勤人员 airport 航空港, 民航机场

airfield, aerodrome, airdrome 机场 airport beacon 机场灯标

airport meteorological station 机场气象站

main airport building, terminal building 机场主楼

emergency landing runway, forced landing runway 紧急着陆跑道 taxiway 滑行跑道 runway 跑道

omnirange radio beacon 全向式无线电航空信标 fuel depot 燃料库 control tower 塔台 tarmac 停机坪

radio beacon 无线电信标

boarding check 登机牌 plane ticket 飞机票 flight, flying 飞行

bumpy flight 不平稳的飞行 smooth flight平稳的飞行 ramp 扶梯

altitude, height 高度 air route, air line 航线 extra flight 加班

economy class, tourist class 经济座 non-stop flight 连续飞行

climbing, to gain height 爬升 circling 盘旋

forced landing 迫降

connecting flight 衔接航班 speed, velocity 速度 ceiling 上升限度

cruising speed 巡航速度 top speed 最高速度 first class 头等 night service 夜航 airsick 晕机

direct flight, straight flight 直飞 landing 着陆

to rock, to toss, to bump 颠簸 to taxi along 滑行

to lose height, to fly low 降低 to take off, take-off 起飞

to board a plane, get into a plane 上飞机

to get off a plane, alight from a plane 下飞机 to face the wind 迎风

ATA章节目录

AIRFRAME SYSTEMS ________________ AIR CONDITIONING........................21 AUTOFLIGHT...........................22 COMMUNICATIONS.........................23 ELECTRICAL POWER........................24 EQUIPMENT/FURNISHINGS.....................25 FIRE PROTECTION........................26 FLIGHT CONTROLS........................27 FUEL..............................28 HYDRAULIC POWER........................29 ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION....................30 INDICATING/RECORDING SYSTEMS..................31 LANDING GEAR..........................32 LIGHTS.............................33 NAVIGATION...........................34 OXYGEN.............................35 PNEUMATIC...........................36 WATER AND WASTE........................38 AIRBORNE AUXILIARY POWER....................49 STRUCTURE _________ DOORS.............................52 ＷＩＮＤＯＷS............................56 POWER PLANT ___________ POWER PLANT..........................71 ENGINE.............................72 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL....................73 IGNITION............................74 AIR..............................75 ENGINE CONTROLS........................76 ENGINE INDICATING.......................77 EXHAUST............................78 OIL..............................79 STARTING............................80

缩写 ABBREVIATION LIST A A/C air conditioning 空气调节 A/G air/ground A/L autoland 自动落地 A/P autopilot 自动驾驶 A/S airspeed 空速

A/T autothrottle自动油门, adjustment/test 调整/测试 ABNORM abnormal 不正常的

AC alternating current 【电】交流电

ACARS ARINC Communications Addressing and Reporting System ACCEL acceleration, accelerate 使增速 ACM air cycle machine 空气循环机 ADC air data computer 大气资料电脑

ADF automatic direction finder 自动方位寻找器 ADI attitude director indicator 姿态指示器

ADP air driven pump, air driven hydraulic pump 气动液压泵 ADV advance 推进

AFCS automatic flight control system 飞控系统 AGL above ground level 地标位 AI anti-ice 防冰

AIDS aircraft integrated data system 整合资料系统 AIL aileron 副翼 ALT altitude 高度 ALTM altimeter 高度计 ALTN alternate 交替的 ALTNT alternate 交替的 AMB ambient 环绕的

AMM Airplane Maintenance Manual 修护手册 ANN announcement 通告 ANNUNC annunciator 通告器 ANT antenna 天线

AOA angle of attack 功角

APB auxiliary power breaker 辅助的动力断电器 APD approach progress display 接近行进显示 APL airplane 飞机 APPR approach 接近

APPROX approximately近乎

APU auxiliary power unit 辅助的动力单元 ARINC Aeronautical航空学的Radio Incorporated【美】有限责任的 ARINC IO ARINC I/O error ARNC STP ARINC I/O UART data strip error 通用非同步收发传输器 ASA autoland status annunciator 自动落地状况通告器 ASP audio selector panel 音频选择面板 ASYM asymmetrical 非对称的

ATC air traffic control 空中交通管制

ATC/DABS air traffic control/discrete address beacon system ATT attitude 姿态

ATTND attendant 服务员 AUTO automatic 自动装置的 AUX auxiliary 辅助的

AVM airborne vibration monitor 空中震动监视器 B B/CRS back course 回程 BARO barometric 气压计的 BAT battery 电池;蓄电池

BFO beat扑动frequency oscillator 频率振汤器 BITE built-in test equipment 装备自我测试 BK brake 煞住(车)BKGRD background(干扰录音或无线电广播的)杂音 BPCU bus power control unit 汇流排电力控制单元 BRKR breaker 断电器 BRT bright 发亮的

BTB bus tie束缚breaker 汇流排联系断电器 BTL bottle 瓶子 C C/B circuit breaker 【电】断路器,断路开关 C center 中央

CADC central air data computer 中央大气资料电脑 CAPT captain(飞机的)机长

CB circuit breaker 【电】断路器,断路开关 CCA central control actuator 中央控制致动器 CCW counterclockwise 逆时针方向的 CDU control display unit 控制显示器 CH channel 频道 CHAN channel 频道 CHG change 改变

CHR chronograph 记时器 CHRGR charger 充电器 CK check 检查

CKT circuit 【电】电路;回路 CL close 关闭;盖上;合上 CLB climb 倾斜向上 CLR clear 变乾净;变清楚

CLSD closed 关闭的;封闭的;闭合的 CMD command 命令 CMPTR computer 电脑

CNX cancelled 取消,废除;中止 COL column 圆柱(报纸的)栏,段 COMM communication 通讯 COMP compressor 压缩机 COMPT compartment 隔间

CON continuous 连续的,不断的 COND condition 状态

CONFG configuration 结构;表面配置 CONFIG configuration 结构 CONN connection 连接 CONT control 控制

CP control panel 控制面板

CPCS cabin pressure control system 舱压控制系统 CPS cycles per second 每秒循环 CRS course 方向

CRT cathode阴极ray射线 tube 阴极射线管 CRZ cruise 巡航

CSEU control system electronics unit 控制系统电子元件 CT current电流transformer变压器 CTN caution 注意 CTR center 中央

CU control unit 控制元件 CUST customer 顾客;买主 CW clockwise 顺时针方向的

CWS control wheel steering掌舵 D DA drift漂移angle DADC digital air data computer 数位化大气资料电脑 DC direct直系的,指挥current DEC decrease减少, decrement减少率 DECEL decelerate 降低速度 DECR decrease 减少 DEG degree 度数

DEPR depressurize 洩压;压下 DEPT departure 离开;出发

DEST destination 目标, 目的地 DET detector 探测器

DETNT detent(机械上的)止动装置;棘爪 DEV deviation 误差;偏航

DFDR digital flight data recorder DG directional方向的gyro回转仪罗盘 DH decision决定height高度,海拔

DIFF differential 依差别而定的;鉴别性的 DIR direct 指挥

DISC disconnect 使分离,分开,断开

DISCH discharge 释放,排出(液体,气体等)DISCONT discontinued 停止,中断 DISENG disengage 解开,解除;使脱离 DISP dispatch 派遣

DIST distance 距离;路程 DK deck(船的)舱面,甲板

DME distance measuring equipment 测距仪 DMU data management unit 资料管理单元 DN down 向下

DPCT differential protection current transＦＯＲＭer【电】变压器 DR door 门

DSCRT IO discrete分离I/O error DSPLY display 显示 DSPY display 显示 E EADI electronic attitude director indicator 数位化姿态指示器 ECON economy 节约, 经济

ECS environmental control system 环控系统

EDP engine driven pump, engine hydraulic pump 引擎液压泵 EEC electronic engine control 引擎电控

EFDARS expanded flight data acquisition and reporting system EFI electronic flight instruments 电子化飞行仪表 EFIS electronic flight instrument system EGT exhaust gas temperature 排气尾温

EHSI electronic horizontal situation indicator 水平状况方位指示器 EICAS engine indicating and crew alerting system引擎状况警告指示 ELEC electrical 与电有关的,电气科学的 ELEV elevation 高度;海拔 EMER emergency 紧急情况

ENG engage啮合,接合, engine ENT entrance入口,门口, entry ENTMT entertainment 娱乐

EPC external power contactor 外电源接触器 EPR engine pressure ratio 推力比

EPRL engine pressure ratio limit 推力比范围 EQUIP equipment 装备 ERR error 错误

ESS essential 必需品

EVAC evacuation 撤空;排泄物 EVBC engine vane and bleed control 引擎放气控制 EXH exhaust 排出;排气 EXT external 外部的

EXTIN extinguish, extinguished 灭火器 EXTING extinguishing 熄灭 F F/D flight director 飞行引向器 F/F fuel flow 燃油流量 F/O first officer FAA Federal美国联邦 Aviation Administration行政机构 FCC flight control computer 飞行控制电脑

FCEU flight controls electronic unit 飞控电子单元 FCU fuel control unit 燃油控制器 FDR feeder 餵食器

FIM Fault Isolation Manual 故障隔离手册 FL flow 流量

FL/CH flight level change FLD field(飞机)场,;(广阔的一大片)地(知识)领域;专业;(活动)范畴 FLT flight(飞机的)班次 FLUOR fluorescent 发亮的

FMC flight management computer 飞行管理电脑 FMS flight management system 飞行管理系统 FREQ frequency 频率

FRM Fault Reporting Manual 错误报告手册 FSEU flap/slat electronic unit 副翼电控单元 FT feet复, foot单 英尺 FWD forward 前面的 G G/S glide slope, ground slope 下滑坡度 GA go-around 重飞

GB generator breaker 发电机断电器

GCB generator circuit breaker 发电机断路器 GCR generator control relay 发电机控制继电器 GCU generator control unit 发电机控制组件 GEN generator 发电机

GHR ground handling relay 地面操作继电器 GND ground 地面 GP group 团体

GPWS ground proximity warning system 地面接近警告 GR gear 齿轮;传动装置;(飞机的)起落架 GRD ground 地面

GS ground speed 地速

GSSR ground service select relay 地面勤务选择继电器 GSTR ground service transfer relay 地面勤务转换继电器 GW gross总量weight 总重 H H/L high/low 高/低 HDG heading 【航】航向 HF high frequency 高频 HORIZ horizontal 水平HP high pressure 高压

HSI horizontal situation indicator 水平状况方位指示器 HTR heater 加热器 HYD hydraulic 液压的 I IAS indicated airspeed 指示空速 IDENT identification 识别;鉴定 IDG integrated drive generator IGN ignition 点火,发火;点火开关

ILLUM illuminate, illuminated 被照明的;发光的 ILS instrument landing system 仪降 IMP imperial(度量衡)英制的 IN in, input 输入 INBD inboard 内侧的

INC incorporated结合的, increase增大, increment增加 INCR increase 增加 IND indicator 指示器 INFC interface 分界面

INFLT inflight 飞行过程中的 INHIB inhibit 抑制 禁止

INIT initiation 入门;开始实施 INOP inoperative 不活动的 INPH interphone 对讲机 INST instrument 仪器;仪表 INT interphone 对讲机 INTLK interlock 连结 INTPH interphone 对讲机

INTMT intermittent 时断时续的;周期性的 IP intermediate pressure 中间的压力

IRS inertial reference system 惯性参考系统 IRU inertial惯性的reference unit 惯性参考组件 ISLN isolation 隔离 ISOL isolation 隔离

IVSI instantaneous瞬时的vertical speed indicator 垂直速度指示器 M MCDP maintenance control display panel 修护控制显示面板 MCP mode control panel 模式控制面板 MCU modular模件concept观念 unit MDA minimum decision altitude 最小判断高度 MIC microphone 扩音器;麦克风

MIN minimum 最小量,最小数;最低限度 MM Maintenance Manual 修护手册 MOD module 组件;单元

MON monitor 监视器;监控器 MOT motion(机械的)装置,运转 MPU magnetic pickup 检波器 MSG message 信息

MSTR master 主要的;总的

MSU mode selector unit 模式选择组件 MTG miles to go 英里

MU management unit 管理组件 MUX multiplexer 多路传输 N N/A not applicable 可应用的 NAC nacelle 引擎舱;气球吊篮 NAV navigation 导航

NCD no computed data 无法计算资料

NEG negative 否定的;反面的【电】负的,阴极的【数】负的 NEUT neutral 中立的

NLG nose landing gear 鼻轮起落架 NO.number 数,数字

NORM normal 正常的,正规的,标准的 NRM normal 正常的,正规的,标准的

NVMEM RD non-volatile memory read error 故障读错误排除才能消除 NVMEM WR non-volatile memory write error 故障写错误排除才能消除 O 02 oxygen 氧气 OBS observer 观察员 OK okay 对,很好地 OPR operate 运转 OPT option 选择权 OPRN operation 操作 OUT output 输出

OUTBD outboard 外部的

OVHD overhead 头顶(船舱)顶板 OVHT overheat 过热

OVRD override 权力高於;优先於;越过 OXY oxygen 氧气 P P/RST press to reset 压下清除故障

P/S pitot皮托管(流速计);皮托静压管/static 静态的 PA passenger address 客舱广播 PASS passenger 旅客

PCA power control actuator 电控致动器 PCT percentage 百分比

PDI pictorial deviation indicator 偏航图表示 PES passenger entertainment娱乐system PLA power level angle PLT pilot(飞机等的)驾驶员,飞行员

PMG permananet magnet generator 永磁发电机 PNEU pneumatic 气动

PNL panel 【电】配电盘;控电板 POR point of regulation调节

POS position, positive(电池的)阳极【数】正的 PPOS present当前的 出席的 position PRESS pressure 压力

PRG FLOW program flow error 流量程序错误 PRIM primary 首要的,主要的 PROC procedure 程序;手续;步骤

PROG MEM ROM memory error 唯读记忆体错误 PROJ projector 投射器

PROT protection 保护,防护;PS pitot static 皮托管(流速计);皮托静压管

PSI pounds per square inch 每平方寸上的压力磅数 PSS passenger service system 客服系统 PSU passenger service unit 客服组件 PTT push to talk 发话

PTU power transfer unit 动力传送组件 PWR power 动力 Q QAD quick-attach-detach 快拆卸;使分离 QTS quarts 一夸脱的容器 QTY quantity 数量 R R/T rate of turn 回转速率

R/W MEM RAM memory error 随机存取记忆体错误 R right 右边的

RA radio altimeter, radio altitude 雷达高度 RAT ram air turbine 冲压驱动 RCVR reciever 接受

RDMI radio distance magnetic indicator 磁场距离指示 REC recorder 记录器

RECIRC recirculate 再循环 REF reference 参考

REFRIG refrigeration 冷冻 REG regulator 调节器 REL release 释放,解放

REP representative 代表性的,典型的 REQ required 必须的 RES reserve 储备

RESSTART power interrupt restart error 动力中断重新起动错误 REV reverse 倒退,使倒转 RF right front 右前 RH right hand 右手 RLSE release 释放,解放 RLY relay 【电】继电器 RLY/SW relay/switch RMI radio magnetic indicator 磁场方位指示

RMT OUT high-speed ARINC output error 汇流排输出错误 RN right nose ROT rotation 旋转

RPM revolutions循环,(一)周期回转,旋转per minute RPTG reporting 报导 RR right rear 後方 RST reset 重新设定

RTO rejected丢弃takeoff起飞 RUD rudder(飞机的)方向舵 RW right wing 右翼

RWY runway(机场的)跑道 S SAM stabilizer trim/elevator asymmetry limit module尾舵飞操组件 SAT static air temperature 静压空气温度 SEC second 第二次

SEI standby engine indicator 紧急直接引擎指示 SEL select 选择

SELCAL selective calling 飞航呼叫 SERV service 服务

SG signal generator 信号产生器 SLCTD selected 选择 SLCTR selector 选择器 SOV shut off valve 关断阀 SP speed 速度 SPD speed 速度

SPD BK speed brake 速煞 SQL squelch 压扁

SSB single side band STA station 驻地(各种机构的)站,所, STAB stabilizer 安定装置;安定翼 STBY standby 备用

STS system status 系统状况 SURF surface 表面 SW switch 开关

SWITCH IN switch input error SYNC synchronous 同步的 SYS system 系统 SYST system 系统 T T/R thrust reverser 反推力器 T.O.takeoff 起飞

TACH tachometer 转速计 TAI thermal热的anti-ice TAS true airspeed 真空速

TAT total air temperature 总温

TCC turbine case cooling 涡轮(机)冷却 TE trailing edge 後缘(飞机的)襟翼,阻力板 TEMP temperature 温度,气温 TFR transfer 转换 THR thrust 推力

THROT throttle 节流阀 THRSH threshold 门槛 THRT thrust 推力

THRU through 穿过;通过 遍及,在...各处;在...之间,在...之中 TIE bus tie系,拴,捆,扎 汇流排联系 TLA thrust lever angle 推力杆角度

TMC thrust management computer 推力管理电脑 TMS thrust management system 推力管理系统 TMSP thrust mode select panel 推力选择面板 TO TO/takeoff 起飞

TOL tolerance 【机】公差,容限

TR transＦＯＲＭer【电】变压器 rectifier【电】整流器 TRP thrust rating panel 推力等级面板 TUNE tuner(频率))调整器;【无】调谐器 TURB turbine 涡轮(机)TURBL turbulent, turbulence【气】湍流;(气体等的)紊流 U UBR utility有多种用途的;通用的bus relay 汇流排继电器 UPR upper USB upper side band 【机】传送带(无线电的)波段,频带 V V/NAV vertical navigation 【经】纵向联合的 导航 V/S vertical speed 垂直的速率 VERT vertical 垂直的

VERT SPD vertical speed 垂直的速率 VFY verify 验证 VG vertical gyro 垂直回转仪罗盘

VHF very high frequency 超高频无线电 VIB vibration 震动

VLD valid 合法的;有效的 VLV valve 【机】阀,活门 VOL volume 量;额

VOLT voltage 电压;伏特数

VOR VHF omni range receiver 方向无线识标 VOX voice 声音

VTR video tape reproducer(录音,录影的)播放装置 W W/D wiring线路diagram图解 W/W wheel well 轮舱 WARN warning 警告;警报 WG wing 机翼

WHL wheel 轮子;变换方向 WHLS wheels 车轮 WPT waypoint 位子点

WSHLD windshield 挡风玻璃 WX weather 天气

WXR weather 气象雷达 X X-CH cross channel 交叉频道 X-CHAN cross channel 交叉频道 XDCR transducer 变换器 XMISSION transmission 传送 XMIT transmit 发射

XMTR transmitter 发射机 XPNDR transponder 询答机 Y Y/D yaw damper 阻尼器

Air Glossary（航空缩略语）

A AACAir Accident Investigation Branch of the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions.aaeabove aerodrome level.Also see aae.ab initioan aircraft is abeam a point when that point is at ninety degrees left or right of the aircraft”s track, but term usually used to indicate a general position rather than a specific point.a/cAircraft Communication Adressing and Reporting System.ACArea Control Centre.And ACZ Aerodrome Control Zone.See ATZ below.ACMSaerodrome control radar.accelerate-stop distanceaerodrome.ADAdvisory aispaceair data computer.ADELTautomatic direction finder/finding.Radio compass which gives a relative bearing to the non-directional radio beacon to which it is tuned.ADIAir Defence Identification Zone.An area of airspace extending upwards from the surface, usually along a national boundary, within which identification of all aircraft is required in the interests of national security.ADRAutomatic Dependence Surveillance.ADTAerodromes Environmental Federation.AEWUK-published flight guide and navigational chart system.aerodrome/airport elevationair force base, usually U.S.or Canadian.AFCSAutopilot and flight director system.AFIAerodrome Flight InＦＯＲＭation Service, providing inＦＯＲＭation to, but not control of, aircraft using that aerodrome.AFIS(O)-Aerodrome Flight InＦＯＲＭation Service(Officer)

AFSAeronautical Fixed Serviceauto flight system.AFTNair-to-ground operator

A/Gabove ground level.AHRSarea of intense aerial activity, usually military.AICAirborne integrated data system.AIPＦＯＲＭ for reporting position and Met conditions in flight.AirmetAeronautical InＦＯＲＭation Service.CAA unit based at London-Heathrow Airport, providing flight-planning services and inＦＯＲＭation for pilots.Publishes AICs, above.AIZalert phase of search-and-rescue procedure.altaerodrome specified on a flight plan to which an aircraft chooses to divert if a landing at its intended destination is not possible(for reasons of poor weather, for example).altimeter settingAmplitude modulation.AMEabove mean sea level(sometimes asl in USA).anhedralAir Navigation Order.Statutory legal instrument defining the laws of air navigation, pilot licensing etc, in the UK.Other aviation legislation includes the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic regulations and the Air Navigation(General)Regulations

AoAAirport Operators“ Association.AOCairport of entry(usually in USA).AOGAircraft Owners and Pilots Association.A/PAirframe and Powerplant Mechanic(USA).APAAircraft Proximity Hazards Assessment Panel, which investigates near-miss reports filed by air traffic controllers(see also JAWG).APPauxiliary power unit.Large transport aircraft and some business jets have an APU, typically a small turbine, to provide power for engine-starting and for running systems when on the ground, obviating the need for external power or ground power unit, GPU.ARBaircraft radio control of aerodrome lighting.ArestiAeronautical Radio Incorporated.A non-profit corporation owned by airlines to set standards for airline avionics and provide communications services.ARPblades can flap, drag and feather.ARVaccelerate-stop distance available.ASIaltimeter setting region, a geographical area for which the lowest value of QNH is forecast hourly and relayed by air traffic control centres.Also airport surveillance radar and air-sea rescue.ASTOVLactual time of arrival.Also Air Training Association.ATCair traffic control assistant

ATC(C)air traffic control officer..ATISAir Transport Pilot”s Licence, needed to act as pilot-in-command of a commercial air transport aircraft exceeding 20,000 kg all-up weight.ATOair traffic service.Also ATSU, ATS Unit.ATSORAair traffic control unit.ATZall-up weight, a term for the total loaded weight of an aircraft, made up of empty weight plus useful load;maximum auw is the maximum allowable weight, including fuel and payload, specified in an aircraft“s Certificate of Airworthiness.Sometimes referred to(in USA especially)as gross weight and maximum gross weight respectively.Also MTWA, maximum total weight authorised;BOW Basic operating weight, the weight of an aircraft with all equipment, lubricants, fuel and operating crew, but without payload;MLW, maximum landing weight, above which fuel must be burned off or jettisoned before landing or there may be risk of structural damage.avgasaviation turbine fuel(kerosene).Used by turboprops and jets.AWRairway.B BABritish Airports Authority.BAeABritish Airline Pilots Association.base legBusiness Aircraft Users Association.BCARbreak cloud procedure.BCPLmanually-controlled mode for CS propellers on turboprop aircraft enabling reverse pitch to be selected for braking or to aid ground manoeuvring.BFRBritish Gliding Association.BHABbrake horsepower.BHPAHot compressed air taken from turbine engines.BMAALoose-leaf Euopean airfields manual for VFR operations.BRGBritish Women Pilots Association.C CCivil Aviation Authority.CAD/CAMCivil Aviation Authority Flying Unit, based at Stansted Airport, which perＦＯＲＭs such tasks as navaid checking and calibration and also examines candidates for instrument ratings and commercial pilot”s licences.CANPCivil Air Publication.InＦＯＲＭation booklets issued by the CAA, e.g.CAP 53 The Private Pilot Licence.CAScasualty evacuation.CATpronounced CAV-okay(ceiling and visibility OK), visibility at least ten kilometres, with no cloud below 5,000 feet, with no Cbs, precipitation, thunderstorms, shallow fog or low drifting snow.CAVUCombined Cadet Force

CDIcontrol display unit.ceilingchief flying instructor(certified flying instructor in USA).CFScentre of gravity

CHa thorough pre-flight inspectionConfidential Human Factors Incident Reporting system, whereby professional pilots and ATC staff may report in confidence incidents arising from human errors for analysis by the CHIRP Charitable Trust at Farnborough.CHTpattern around which aircraft fly when arriving at an airfield, usually rectangular in UK but not necessarily elsewhere.The circuit(known as the pattern in USA)is aligned with the active runway and may be either left-or right-handed.Dead side is the opposite side of the circuit pattern in operation from which arriving aircraft join for landing.See also final(s).C/Lcolloquialism referring to an airport closed to air traffic by bad weather

cleanauthorization from air traffic control to proceed as requested or instructed.Used for ground and air manoeuvring, thus “cleared for take-off”, “cleared flight-planned route”, “cleared to descend” etc.CloudsCertificate of Airworthiness issued by the CAA indicating that an aircraft meets the Authority“s airworthiness standards.Cs of A are issued to individual aircraft, and also to generic aircraft types(Type Certification in the USA)when the first example of a type is registered.Cs of A on individual aircraft are granted in several categories, e.g.Private, Public Transport, Aerial Work etc.and much be renewed at intervals.Permits to Fly are authorisations granted to specialist aircraft and are accordingly restricted in the kinds of operation for which they may be used.C of Ecentre of gravity.The point on an aircraft through which the entire aircraft”s weight may be assumed to act(i.e.around which the aircraft, if suspended, would balance).C of G limits are the most forward and rearward positions of the C of G permitted for safe operation.An aircraft loaded outside its C of G limits can be difficult or impossible to control.C of Pcommunication(s)

CPLcounter-rotating.Usually in general aviation referring to twin-engined aircraft with “handed” engines whose propellers turn in opposite directions to eliminate propeller torque effect.CRMportion of an aerodrome circuit flown before downwind

CRPcathode ray tube(like a television).Used in flight deck displays of new-generation airliners, business aircraft and military jets instead of conventional instruments.See also EFIS,.critical altitudethe engine on a multi-engined aircraft whose failure would most seriously effect perＦＯＲＭance or handling of the aircraft, through asymmetric effects or loss of power to systems such as hydraulics.CRS coursecall sign.CSControl Area.An area of controlled airspace extending upwards from specified limit agl.CTRcockpit voice recorder.A tape recorder installed on the flight decks of commercial transport aircraft and helicopters and some business aeroplanes to record crew conversation, RT transmissions and cockpit background noises(e.g.trim-wheel operation, flap motor running)in case required for incident or accident investigation.CWcolour weather radar.CZcompressor zone inspection.D DADanger Area Activity InＦＯＲＭation Service.DACSDigital air data computer(DADSDistress & Diversion Cells at Air Traffic Control Centres.RAF units which provide a 24-hour listening watch on VHF and UHF emergency frequencies and can locate and assist pilots who are lost or in emergency situations.dBa unit of sound

DCdirect

dead sidedescent and landing with engine(s)shut down and propeller(s)stopped.Deccadigital electronic engine control

density altitudeengine“s potential power deliberately limited, lengthening likely life.DETRESFAdirection-finding.A DF bearing can be provided by airfields or other facilities such as D & D cells(above)having suitable direction-finding equipment to locate an aircraft.DGDirection Général à l”Aviation Civile

DHUK Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury

DIDIsloping up from root to tip.Opposite: anhedral.DIN(S)distance-measuring equipment.A combination of ground and airborne equipment which gives a continuous slant range distance-from-station readout by measuring time-lapse of a signal transmitted by the aircraft to the station and responded back.DMEs can also provide groundspeed and time-to-station readouts by differentiation.DopplerDepartment of Transport.downwinddew point

DRwhen referring to aircraft hire charges means “without fuel”, as opposed to wet, with fuel.DZExperimental Aircraft Association, the American homebuilders“ organisation.EADIequivalent airspeed.EATEuropean Business Aircraft Association.ECACEuropean Council of General Aviation Support.ECUemergency distance.EETelectronic flash approach light system.EFATOelectronic flight instrument system, in which multi-function CRT displays replace traditional instruments for providing flight, navigation and aircraft systems inＦＯＲＭation, ＦＯＲＭing a so-called ”glass cockpit“.Now common in commercial transports, corporate aircraft and helicopters, military fighters and some GA piston singles and twins.EGTelectronic horizontal situation indicator.CRT-based HSI ＦＯＲＭing part of an EFIS.EICASengine in-flight monitoring system ELTweight of the basic aeroplane including all fixed equipment, plus unusable fuel, oil, hydraulic and other fluids.encoding altimeterestimated off-blocks time.EPeffective perceived noise decibel.Unit of measurement of aircraft noise levels.ERequivalent shaft horsepower.ETAestimated time of departure

ETEextended-range twin operations, usually long over-water flights by airliners.ETPSorganisation, headquartered in The Netherlands, comprising Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and UK for coordinating en route air traffic control in Europe.F FAAFleet Air Arm, of UK”s Royal Navy.FADECfinal approach fix, the point at which a published instrument approach begins.FAIFederal Aviation Regulations(USA).FARAfly by light i.e.control via optical fibres

FBOfly-by-wire.Aircraft control systems in which pilots“ control inputs are transmitted to control surfaces electronically or via fibre optics rather than by mechanical linkage.Also see FBL.FCLflight control system.fcstflight data recorder, popularly known as a ”black box“(actually painted bright orange), by which various parameters of an aircraft”s flight perＦＯＲＭance are recorded for analysis in the event of an incident or accident.featherto set the angle of CS or VP propeller edge-on to the airflow to minimise drag and rotation following engine failure on multi-engined aircraft.Also applies to motor gliders which have feathering propellers to enhance engine-off soaring perＦＯＲＭance.final(s)Flight InＦＯＲＭation Centre.FIRFlight InＦＯＲＭation Service, providing a variety of services and inＦＯＲＭation(but not control)to air traffic in the two FIRs above.FJflight level, a level of constant atmospheric pressure shown by an altimeter set to a standard 1013.2 millibars, expressed in rounds hundreds of feet, thus FL330 is 33,000 feet.flagthrottling or other restriction of engine power ouput(usually in turboprops and turboshafts)at sea level to enable it to give constant predictable power at higher operating altitudes.flameoutflashing.flicker effectforward-looking infra-red.FLMfoot-launched powered aircraft, e.g.powered parachutes.FMflight management computer/system

FMGCflight management system.FMUforeign object damage, usually to turbine engines through ingestion of runway debris etc.FPLfeet per minute, a measure of an aircraft“s rate of climb or descent.Similarly m/s or mps, metres per second.FSSflying training organisation.FTSfeet per minute G gg-induced loss of consciousness.Pilot blackouts caused by excessive g or by too-rapid onset of g-forces.Experienced mostly by pilots of high-perＦＯＲＭance military jets and competition aerobatic aircraft, has led to fatal crashes.GAGeneral Aviation Awareness Campaign.GAFORgallons, imperial or USA.One imp gall = 1.201 U.S.gall.GAMAGeneral Aviation Manufacturers & Traders Association, UK.GAPANGeneral Aviation Safety Council

GASILground-controlled approach.A landing approach in which a ground controller gives verbal guidance in azimuth and elevation to a pilot using precision approach radar(PAR)to monitor the aircraft”s approach path.Still used by the military, but defunct in civil aviation.GFTRussian equivalent of GPS/Navstar satellite navigation system.gloveground

GNSSVHF direction-finding(France)

GPgallons per hour, an expression of fuel consumption or fuel flow(FF)in either imperial or U.S.gallons.Usually lb/hr for turbine-powered aircraft.GPSground proximity warning system.A radar-based flight-deck system to give pilots audible warning by means of horns, hooters, taped or synthetic voices of terrain close beneath an aircraft“s flight path.GRADUglassfibre-reinforced plastic;also CFRP, carbon-fibre reinforced plastic.Composite materials seeing increasing use in entire airframes for GA aircraft(e.g.Beech Starship)and for components for helicopters, airliners and military aircraft.GSgroundspeed.The speed an aircraft makes over the ground, a product of its airspeed and wind speed.H H24Historic Aircraft Association.HAI1:500,000 scale ICAO aeronautical chart.Hdgsuffix used in RT callsigns to indicate that the aircraft is a large transport, alerting controllers and following aircraft to the possibility of wake turbulence.Hectopascal(hPa)helicopter emergency medical services.Hertzhigh-frequency band, used for long-range radio communications in the 3-30 MHz range.Hghigh intensity approach lighting.HIGEhigh intensity radiated(electromagnetic)fields.HIRLhigh intensity strobe light.holding patternhands on cyclic and collectivehover out of ground effect.Also see HIGE.hot-and-highhands on throttle and stick.Ergonomic cockpit design technology, originally developed for military combat aircraft, enabling a pilot to fly the aircraft and manage all navigation, weapons and other systems from control column/throttle lever hand grips.HOTCCsee HOTAS above.hpHighlands Restricted Area

hrshorizontal situation display.HSIhead-up display.A method of projecting instrument readouts or data which enables a pilot to see them while looking through the aircraft”s windscreen.Mostly used on military aircraft, but now in service on some commercial airliners.HzInternational Council of Aircraft Owners and Pilots Associations

IASInternational Air Transport Association.i/cInternational Civil Aviation Organisation.IFidentification friend or foe.IFRin ground effect.Helicopter perＦＯＲＭance with an earth surface immediately below.Also OGE, out of ground effect.Helicopters can hover at a greater maximum altitude IGE(above a mountain slope, for example)than they can in free air, OGE.IGSinstrument landing system.The approach aid employing two radio beams to provide pilots with vertical and horizontal guidance during the landing approach.The localiser provides azimuth guidance, while the glide-slope defines the correct vertical descent profile.Marker beacons and high intensity runways lights are also part of the ILS.IMCuncertainty phase of search-and-rescue procedure.INSintermittent or fluctuating, term used in Met reports.IRInspect and repair as necessary

IREInstrument Rating Test ISAinter-turbine temperature.Also TGT, turbine gas temperature TIT, turbine inlet temperature.IWRJoint Aviation Authority.JARJoint Airmiss Working Group.A civilian/military committee which reviews and reports on all airmisses which occur in UK airspace.JEFTSU.S.-developed navigational/approach chart system with worldwide coverage, similar to British Aerad system.JPATSkilogram(s)kHzknots indicated airspeed.kmone nautical mile per hour(never one knot per hour), the standard unit of aviation speed measurement.One knot equals 1.1515 mph;one nautical mile equals 6,080 feet.kV-kilovolt kWLower Airspace Radar Advisory service, available to all aircraft flying in uncontrolled UK airspace from 3,000 feet amsl to FL95.See also MMARS, RAS and RIS, below.LAMSlatitude.LATCCpound(s)

lbfliquid crystal display

lcztlift /drag ratio, a measurement of the efficiency of a wing aerofoil section

LDAlight emitting diode

LFlow-intensity two-colour approach system.LLTVlocalizer((USA).LOCmedium-frequency non-directional radio beacon used as an aid to establishing yourself on final approach during an instrument landing procedure..LOFTLocator outer marker

lon(g)low-frequency hyperbolic radio long-range navigation system which measures time difference between reception of synchronised signals transmitted from ground transmitters.Loran-C, operates in the 100-110 kHz frequency band with an operating range of 600-1,500 nm independent of line-of-sight, and is becoming very popular among GA aircraft operators in the USA.M M or magratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound.Mach 1 is the speed of sound at sea level, ISA, approximately 1,100 feet per second or 760 mph.MAPpart of an instrument landing system using 75 MHz transmitters emitting fan-shaped or elliptical signal patterns vertically upwards, defining specific points along the glideslope.The outer marker OM is situated at or near the glideslope intercept altitude of the ILS localiser, the middle marker(MM)defines a point on the glideslope at or near decision height(DH).Markers provide aural and visual indications on a cockpit marker beacon receiver.MATZinternational radio distress call(from the French, m“aidez--help me).It signifies imminent danger to life requiring immediate assistance.mbMulti-crew co-operation

MCUminimum descent altitude.The lowest altitude, in feet amsl, to which descent is authorised on final approach during a non-precision instrument landing(i.e.where no glideslope guidance is given)without visual reference to the runway.MDHmilitary emergency diversion airfield.medevacmeteorology, weather.METARmedium frequency.Radio waves with frequencies in the 300-3,000 kHz range.MFAmulti-function display.An EFIS CRT offering selectable displays of weather radar, navigation maps, checklists and data other than primary flight inＦＯＲＭation.MHMegahertz, the frequency of radio carrier waves measured in millions of cycles per second.minimumsmicrowave landing system.A microwave-based instrument approach system intended to replace ILS in the 1990s and claimed to offer a number of advantages such as the ability to fly segmented and curved precision approaches.MLWmillimetre”s

MMARSmilitary operations area.MoDmodification to an aircraft or equipment

mogasman-powered aircraft

mphmajor periodic inspection

MSAmean sea level

MTBFmilitary terminal control area.MTOWmaximum total weight authorised.N

NASNational Air Traffic Services.A division of the CAA providing UK air traffic control.Navnavigation aid.Nav/ComNational Business Aircraft Association, USA.NDBnavigation flight test

nmnap of earth.Low flying, usually by the military, using contour-flying techniques and terrain-masking to avoid being seen.NORDOno significant change, term used on Met reports.NOTAMno tail rotor.A system patented by McDonnell Douglas for maintaining directional control of helicopters without use of an anti-torque tail rotor.NPRMNational Transportation Safety Board.U.S.equivalent of UK“s AAIB.nvgNational Vocational Qualification.A Government-recognised qualification, the cost of training for which can be set against tax.O OASCoutside air temperature.The temperature of the air outside an aircraft measured by a probe with a cockpit gauge readout.OAT affects the measurement of indicated airspeed and its value is needed to calculate true airspeed.At high speeds kinetic heating demands correction to the indicated OAT for true outside air temperature.OATSobstruction.OBSobstacle clearance height.The lowest height above the elevation of the runway threshold or above aerodrome elevation used to establish compliance with obstacle clearance criteria in an instrument approach.Also OCA, obstacle clearance altitude, and OCL, obstacle clearance limit.OCUOne engine inoperative

OEMOut of ground effect

oktahigh accuracy, very-low frequency(VLF)long-range navigation system of the hyperbolic type, covering the entire earth down to the surface from eight ground-based transmitters.Used principally by airliners, military aircraft and intercontinental business aircraft.opson request.o/tOperational Training Unit.P

P1co-pilot

Panprecision approach path indicator, a system of coloured lights installed at the approach end of a runway which provides visual guidance to the correct glidepath.A successor to VASI, below.PARpassengers.PEDAuthorisation granted to aircraft such as homebuilds, vintage aeroplanes, warbirds and some simple ”classic“ light aircraft which are not required to meet the standards demanded for a full C of A, and are accordingly restricted in the kinds of operation for which they may be used.PFPopular Flying Association, the UK homebuilt and antique aircraft organisation.PFDpowered hang-glider

PICPilots InＦＯＲＭation Guide

pinch-hitterPipeline Inspection Notification System.PIOflight-plan.PMSPilot not flying.The ”non-handling“ pilot in multi-crew operation

PNR(number of)persons on board.Also SOB, souls on board.POCpilot”s operating handbook, an aircraft“s ”owner“s manual”.Pooley“spowered paraglider.PPLPrivate Pilot”s Licence for helicopters，PPL(SLMG)prior permission only.Certain airfields or events require advance notification(by telephone, for example)of your intended arrival.PROBmanoeuvre which reverses the direction of an aircraft“s flight during an instrument approach procedure to enable it to intercept the final approach course.PPRpounds per square inch, a measurement of pressure.PTTspecial temporary airways created for flights by certain members of the royal family, notified by NOTAM.Q QFIQualified helicopter instructor.Quadrantal Rule1:250,000 scale ICAO aeronautical chart

Q-codeRules of the Air and Air Traffic Services section of the AIP

rabbit lightsRoyal Aeronautical Society

RAFmaximum permissible weight of an aircraft, which exceeds maximum take-off weight by an allowance for fuel burned during engine-start and taxi.RAPIDrectified airspeed.Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument position error.RAS(2)add-on qualification to a pilot”s licence, e.g.Night Rating, Multi-engine Rating, Instrument Rating, Seaplane Rating etc.Individual Type Ratings are necessary to fly aircraft over 12,500 pounds MTWA.RCLrelative bearing indicator, displaying inＦＯＲＭation from the ADF.RDORadar InＦＯＲＭation Service.Provided to notify pilots of conflicting traffic outside regulated airspace, but offering no avoiding action.RMIremark(s).RMUarea navigation.A system of radio navigation which permits direct point-to-point off-airways navigation by means of an on-board computer creating phantom VOR/DME transmitters termed waypoints.RONinner end of wing where it meets fuselage.rpmradio telephony.Voice communications, as opposed to WT, wireless telegraphy

RTFrunway visual range, a horizontal measurement of visibility along a runway.rwyreceiver.S SACPsearch-and-rescue.Also Sarsat, SAR satellite.SASsenior air traffic control officer

satcomsService Bulletin.Advisory notices issued by aircraft, engine and equipment manufacturers alerting owners and engineers to faults or problems requiring preventitive or remedial maintenance or modification.Often termed “mandatory”, but do not have the legal force of Airworthiness Directives(which see).SBACSafety Data Analysis Unit of the CAA.“second pilot”(U.S.)VFR navigation chart, equivalent to our 1:500,000 or “half-million”.Semi-circularselective calling.A high-frequency system enabling air traffic control to alert a particular aircraft, by means of flashing light or aural signal in the cockpit, for receipt of a message without the crew having to maintain a listening watch.Used on long-haul over-ocean airline routes and by intercontinental bizjets.sfcradio call made from aircraft calling later than final position, or on final approach from a shortened circuit, or at 2nm from threshold on a straight-in approach.shpstandard instrument departure.A standard IFR departure route enabling air traffic controllers to issue abbreviated clearances and thus speed the flow of traffic.SIGMETsea level.SLAself-launching motor glider

SMOHsurface movement radar.SNOWTAMsouls on board, the number of persons on board an aircraft.Also POB.socked-instandard operating procedure.specific rangeStudent Pilot"s Licence.No longer issued in the UK, where a CAA medical certificate serves as an SPL.squawksunrise.

第三篇：维修工作质量管理

维修工作质量管理

1、班组要经常对班组成员进行市场竞争教育、质量意识教育和遵守 质量管理规章制度的教育。

2、班组每月月初要召开一次班组产品质量和工作质量会，找出班组 质量管理问题，提出改造和提高产品质量与工作质量的有效措施。

3、班组生产工作中，必须严格执行工艺和程序，严肃工艺记录，对 因不执行工艺造成质量事故或废品损失，要按照“三不放过”原则认 真处理。

4、生产中要正确使用、维护、管理班组以及个人所用的计算器具，避免使用计算器具或维护不当造成错检、错判、失准、损坏。

5、班组要按照要求填写产品质量记录，质量记录填写要完整、准确、规范

第四篇：中国民用航空维修行业的发展

中国民用航空维修行业的发展

通过深度剖析我国国内民航维修业的现状，认真分析了我国航空维修业在“十二五”期间所面临的机遇与挑战，并提出了适合我国民航维修业发展的两大重要举措。

现状：

在过去十年，我国民航机队平均增长速度达到 10.95%。截至 2010 年年底，我国民航共拥有各类运输类航空器1639 架，各类运行及备份发动机 3600 余台，通用航空器 1010 架。2010 年我国民航维修市场总量达到 23.2 亿美元，占世界 MRO 市场的 5% 左右，成为全球增长最快的民用航空维修市场。其中，发动机维修约占总量的 40%，航线维护、飞机大修及改装、附件修理及翻修各占20%左右。

按照预测，随着金融危机影响的逐步消退，世界经济在未来五年将持续保持每年 4% 以上的增长，民航客、货运市场已开始步入稳步复苏阶段，正带动民航维修市场以 3.4% ～ 4.4% 的速度持续增长，世界民航维修市场的规模有望在 2015 年达到 500 亿美元以上。

目标：

“十二五”期间，中国民航的机队也将会迅速地扩大。到 2015 年，我国民航的大型运输飞机将增至 2890 架，通用航空器将增至 2000 架以上，民航运输总周转量将增至 800 ～ 900 亿吨公里，飞行总架次将达 840 万架次以上，总飞行小时数将达到或超过 1000 万飞行小时，维修保障工作量将比 2010 年增加 70%～ 100%。维修行业从业人员在目前 6万余人的基础上将新增 2.4 万人以上的需求。因此，随着维修工程水平的提高，中国民用航空维修行业在维修能力、人才建设、法规完善和安全监管等诸方面必将取得更大的发展和长足的进步。

在这样的形势下，认清未来所面临的机遇和挑战，并制订出符合我国国情的未来发展规划是我国民航业的一项重要任务。

由于我国民用航空的部分基础制造业发展仍处于比较初级的阶段，我国民航运输业大量使用欧美制造的飞机，使我国民航维修业的发展必然具有两个鲜明的特点。一方面，为了保证我国机队能够安全飞行、平稳运营，我们的管理体系、维修技术必须与国际“悬空”接轨。为此，国内民航维修业多年来付出了巨大的努力。目前中国民航每百万飞行小时的重大差错率为 0.031，约为世界平均水平的五分之一，安全记录在世界上名列前茅 ；另一方面，国内基础制造业的差距以及制造业发达国家和企业对我国设置的技术封锁等壁垒，使得我国民航维修业的深度发展举步维艰。因此，要想从根本上解决我国民航维修业能够全面覆盖我国机队维修业务的问题，恐怕还要等到 ARJ-

21、C919 等机型投入使用并成为我国民航主力机型的时候。但是，我国的民航维修业必须从现在开始着手树立目标。

2010 年，中国民用航空局李家祥局长针对适航维修领域的“十二五”发展方向，明确提出我国要“培养具有国际竞争力的飞机维修企业”、“整体提高我国航空器维修核心工程能力”、“形成3 个以上规模较大的维修产业集群、航空部（附）件维修集群及通用航空器维修集群，重点培育 1 ～ 2 家具有国际竞争力的飞机维修企业”的战略目标。它将成为我国民航维修业建立成熟体系、走上良性循环的标志。

措施：

为了实现上述这一具有深远意义的战略目标，我国必须从内外两个方面入手，锲而不舍地在这两方面进行持续努力。1.加强各国政府、企业之间的双多边合作

我国的航空公司目前不但在国际飞机制造商中没有得到与世界最大买家地位相应的待遇和话语权，反而在关键维修技术转让与掌握方面还不如一些采购等级低的国家。甚至一些欧美成熟的MRO 企业计划在中国设立分厂也面临着美国联邦航空局（FAA）不予颁发维修许可证的困难。尽管有的中国航空维修企业已通过了技术审查，但现在也被宣布停止颁发 FAA 的维修许可证。针对这些情况，我国鼓励加强各国政府之间的合作与互信，相互接受审查结果，相互严格代行监督，放松本国航空维修单位到对方国家开设分支、建厂合资的限制，允许民机维修技术的转让。

此外，今天的中国民航局的持续适航维修管理所保持的安全水平（如前所述的数据）证明其管理水平不比世界发达国家差，所采用的法律法规体系和FAA、欧洲航空安全局（EASA）也一样，因此，各国政府相互之间对航空维修企业的认可应该是平等的。举例来说，以我国现有机队近4000 台运输类飞机发动机，2010 年仅出现空中停车 12 起，今年上半年仅有 5 起，这个数字即使在欧美恐怕也是难以企及的。这说明中国的航空维修安全管理已达到了 FAA 或EASA 的要求。

随着 OEM 逐步减少新交付航空器的持续适航文件，特别是部附件维修手册（CMM）的越来越少，在一定程度上已成为制约我国维修行业发展的一个影响因素，值得我国全行业甚至国家外交、商务部门关注，从而为行业开拓出可持续的发展空间。2.加强我国民航维修行业自身的维修能力建设

为了提高行业整体维修保障能力，要重点鼓励国内部附件和发动机的维修能力建设。据统计，目前国内机队100% 的发动机热端部件、精密加工部附件，以及 70% 以上的飞机电子电器部附件及软件升级更新等工作量都需要送到境外维修单位进行。这不但大量增加了航空公司等企业的成本支出，也为政府部门的安全监管带来了许多困难。为此，中国民用航空局将积极促进独立维修企业与生产制造企业、科研院所横向联合，开发新的维修项目和工具工装，借助我国航空工业部门的制造能力加快维修行业发展 ；鼓励民航维修企业通过资本运作的方式与技术合作相结合的方式联合发展，引导维修产业积极发展优势维修 ；鼓励维修单位积极建设国内市场占有量大、地位重要的发动机深度维修能力，以及市场需求量大、技术含量高、附加值高的各种部附件的维修、检测能力 ；积极鼓励通用航空器和关键部附件的维修能力建设 ；鼓励国内稀缺项目和新项目的申请，减少维修能力的冗余重复建设。

上述需要加强和鼓励的政策中所指的国内维修企业包括国外维修企业在国内设立的独资、合资企业及其实体分支。同时，中国民航特别鼓励对制造行业和技术优势企业的联合与引进，对于新型工装具、发动机深度维修、关键部附件以及通用航空维修项目等方面国外企业来中国设立独资合资企业或者与中国企业建立各种合作机制都予以支持，只要不影响我国航空公司的运营活动、都是本国适航当局的鼓励支持对象。

此外，在不久的将来即将放松的低空空域管制政策对通用航空维修可能产生较大的影响。鼓励通用航空的发展是毋庸置疑的，但并不会放松对安全的关注。在这一领域，中国民航是不会在放松低空空域管制的同时放松安全管理目标，不管在什么样的空域，安全都必须是第一位的。综合上述，我国的民用航空维修市场将随着我国的国民经济发展而不断壮大。到目前为止，中国民航局对中国航空运输业和中国航空维修业的未来都非常看好。

第五篇：机动车维修质量管理及档案要求

机动车维修质量管理及档案要求

一、机动车维修经营者对机动车进行二级维护、总成修理、整车修理的，应当建立机动车维修档案。车辆维修档案建立电子档案的，应同时保存原始单据；实行一车一档，规定内容应当记载及时、完整和准确，相关单据齐全，具体维修作业、质量检验人员和托修方在相关单证上签字，不得随意变更。

二、机动车维修档案保存期为二年。

三、机动车维修经营者应当按照国家、行业或者地方的维修标准和规范进行维修。尚无标准或规范的，可参照机动车生产企业提供的维修手册、使用说明书和有关技术资料进行维修。在维修过程中需要增加维修项目或者扩大维修范围的，应当事先征得托修方同意，并在维修合同中明确。

四、机动车维修经营者不得使用假冒伪劣配件维修机动车。

五、机动车维修经营者应当建立采购配件登记制度，记录购买日期、供应商名称、地址、产品名称及规格型号等，并查验产品合格证等相关证明。机动车维修经营者对于换下的配件、总成，应当交托修方自行处理。机动车维修经营者应当将原厂配件、副厂配件、旧配件和修复配件分别标识，明码标价，供托修方自行选择使用。使用旧配件或者修复配件维修机动车的，应当征得托修方的书面同意。

六、机动车维修经营者对机动车进行二级维护、总成修理、整车修理的，应当与托修方签订维修合同，应当实行维修前诊断检验、维修过程检验和竣工质量检验制度。机动车维修竣工质量检验合格的，维修质量检验人员应当签发《机动车维修竣工出厂合格证》；未

签发机动车维修竣工出厂合格证的机动车，不得交付使用，车主可以拒绝交费或接车。禁止伪造、倒卖、转借机动车维修竣工出厂合格证。

七、机动车维修实行竣工出厂质量保证期制度。汽车和危险货物运输车辆整车修理或总成修理质量保证期为车辆行驶20000公里或者100日；二级维护质量保证期为车辆行驶5000公里或者30日；一级维护、小修及专项修理质量保证期为车辆行驶2000公里或者10日。其他机动车整车修理或者总成修理质量保证期为机动车行驶6000公里或者60日；维护、小修及专项修理质量保证期为机动车行驶700公里或者7日。质量保证期中行驶里程和日期指标，以先达到者为准。机动车维修质量保证期，从维修竣工出厂之日起计算。

八、在质量保证期和承诺的质量保证期内，因维修质量原因造成机动车无法正常使用，且承修方在3日内不能或者无法提供因非维修原因而造成机动车无法使用的相关证据的，机动车维修经营者应当及时无偿返修，不得故意拖延或者无理拒绝。在质量保证期内，机动车因同一故障或维修项目经两次修理仍不能正常使用的，机动车维修经营者应当负责联系其他机动车维修经营者，并承担相应修理费用。在机动车维修质量保证期内，因维修质量造成机械故障和直接经济损失的，经营者应当及时无偿修复和赔偿，并依法承担相应责任。

九、机动车维修经营者应当在经营场所的醒目位置悬挂机动车维修经营许可证和机动车维修标志牌，公布机动车维修工时定额和结算单价，并将工时定额和结算单价向发放经营许可证的道路运输管理机构备案。工时定额和结算单价备案后3个月内不得随意调整。

十、道路运输管理机构按照维修合同约定和相关规定调解维修质量纠纷。机动车维修质量纠纷双方当事人均有保护当事车辆原始

状态的义务。必要时可拆检车辆有关部位，但双方当事人应同时在场，共同认可拆检情况。对机动车维修质量的责任认定需要进行技术分析和鉴定，且承修方和托修方共同要求道路运输管理机构出面协调的，道路运输管理机构组织专家组或委托具有法定检测资格的检测机构作出技术分析和鉴定。鉴定费用由责任方承担。

十一、申请调解应提供下列资料： 申请调解方(当事单位或人)的名称，法定代表人的姓名、单位、地址、电话；当事人的名称、单位、地址、电话；纠纷的详细经过及申请调解的理由与要求的书面报告；维修合同、车辆竣工出厂合格证、维修费用结算凭证等其它必要的资料。

十二、机动车维修经营者承修车辆，发现有伪造证明、证件，车辆发动机号、车架号码有明显改动或者破坏痕迹等情况的，应当向公安机关报告。未报告的，一经查实，由公安机关按照有关法律、法规、规章予以处理。

十三、机动车维修经营者聘用的从业人员应具有从业资格证。

十四、机动车维修业户应建立质量信誉档案，质量信誉档案内容应包括业户基本情况、安全生产事故记录、服务质量事件记录、违章经营情况、投诉情况、业户管理情况等。机动车维修业户应当加强对质量信誉档案的管理，及时将相关内容和材料记入质量信誉档案，并按照所在地市（州）、县级道路运输管理机构的要求定期或不定期报送相关资料。机动车维修业户分立或合并,应当将原业户质量信誉档案完整移交。

十五、对质量信誉等级为B级的机动车维修业户实行限期整改制度。由业户所在地县级以上道路运输管理机构分别实施以下行政措

施：

（一）提出具体整改要求，责令业户限期在3个月内整改。

（二）限期整改业户应在质量信誉考核公告后15日内向所在地县级以上道路运输管理机构报送整改书面措施，接受道路运输管理机构的监督和检查。整改期间不得从事整车修理、总成修理和二级维护作业工作。

（三）限期整改业户整改到期后经核查仍不合格的，由县级以上道路运输管理机构依法重新核定经营类别或撤销经营许可，并向社会通报。