浅析认知心理学对儿童语言教学的启示中英文对照

第一篇：浅析认知心理学对儿童语言教学的启示中英文对照

浅析认知心理学对儿童语言教学的启示中英文对照

Cognitive psychology to language teaching for children's enlightenment is analysed.In both Chinese and English

随着认知科学的兴起和发展，学者们认为要从认知语言学、心理语言学的角度研究语言习得。Skehan认为以前的研究从某种程度上忽视了心理语言学的作用，特别是没有从当代认知心理学所重视的信息处理和认知能力两方面进行研究［１］。我以认知心理学理论为基础，分析儿童语言习得的特点，对语言教学提出意见。

With the rise and development of cognitive science, the scholars thought that it would be from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, psychology linguistics research and language acquisition.Skehan that previous studies in some extent, ignored the role of psychological linguistics, especially not from contemporary cognitive psychology attaches great importance to the two aspects of information processing and cognitive study [1].I based on the theory of cognitive psychology, analyzing the characteristics of children's language acquisition to the language teaching put forward their opinions.一、儿童语言习得的过程

A, the children's language acquisition process

许多语言学家和心理学家根据儿童年龄的特点从不同角度对儿童语言习得的过程做出了解释。相关的理论有：斯金纳的刺激—反应论，乔姆斯基的天赋论，皮亚杰的认知论，等等。

Many linguists and psychologists according to the characteristics of the child's age to children from different angles, and explained the process of language acquisition.Related theory are: skinner's theory of stimulusformed by imitating simple and specific characterization of schemata to acquire language, for effective language teaching.三、认知心理学理论对儿童语言教学的启示

Three enlightenments to the teaching of children's language, cognitive psychology theory

通过上述分析，我们发现：教师要根据儿童的认知心理特点，针对不同的教学内容，创造相关的教学环境，采用相关的教学方法，达到儿童教学的目的。通过学习和观察发现：对儿童的语言教学应采用模像直观、实物直观、语言直观等直观的教学方式，实现以人为本、因材施教的目标。

Through the above analysis, we found that: teachers should according to the cognitive psychological characteristics of children, according to different teaching content, create the related teaching environment and adopt relevant teaching method, reach the purpose of teaching children.Through learning and observation found that for children's language teaching mode should be adopted as intuitive and practicality intuitive and direct language intuition teaching mode, realize the goal of humanist, according to their aptitude.认知心理学告诉我们，儿童不断模仿生活中的事情，所以我们可以采用模像直观和语言直观的具体、简单的教学方法。教师可以根据相关的教学内容，找到相应的视频材料或自己编排小节目、小游戏，把学习内容丰富有趣地展示给儿童。例如，在教儿童学动物词汇的时候，教师可以采用播放与动物有关的视频或做一些动物的习惯动作，来引导儿童模仿视频中出现的动物词汇和动物的动作；然后让儿童扮演小动物，模仿它们的动作，让其他儿童来猜出该动物词汇。这样就让词汇和动作形成了一个表征图式，很容易被儿童记住。

Cognitive psychology tells us, children imitate things in life, so we can take the mould as specific, simple, intuitive and visual language of teaching methods.The teacher can according to the

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http://www.xiexiebang.com/http://www.xiexiebang.com/ teaching content, find the corresponding video materials or their small programs, games, learning content to show interesting for children.For example, when teaching children to learn animal words, the teacher can use broadcast video related to the animal or animals to do some habit of action, to guide the children to imitate animal words and animal movement appeared in the video;And then let the children play a small animals, imitate their movement, let the other children to guess the animal words.So let the words and actions forms a representation scheme, children are easy to remember.另外，教师还可以采用实物直观的教学方法，这也是提高儿童语言教学质量的有效方法之一。此教学方法也可以结合语言直观的教学方法一起使用。例如，在学习各种水果名称的时候，教师可以拿来一些水果，一边展示，一边说水果的词汇，让学生边看边模仿说这些水果词汇，进行反复练习。这样，各种水果的事物图像及词汇就会一起出现在他们的表征图式中，通过模仿并建立相关来习得语言。而且，在学与颜色相关词汇的时候，教师可以继续运用各种实物水果，因为它们代表不同的颜色，运用以上方法，水果和颜色的词汇就会形成新的表征图式出现在儿童的脑海中，有效地达到语言教学的目的。

In addition, teachers can adopt physical the intuitive teaching method, which is one of the effective methods to improve the quality of children's language teaching.The intuitive teaching method can combine language teaching methods are used together.When learning a variety of fruits, for example, teachers can take some fruit, side show, said the fruit words, let the students imitate said the fruit words by watching them, to practice over and over again.Things in this way, all kinds of fruit images and words will appear together in their representation scheme, and establish related to acquire language by imitation.And learning associated with color words, the teacher can continue to use all kinds of real fruit, because they represent different color, using the above method, fruit and a color words will form new representation schema in the mind of children, effectively achieve the goal of language teaching.因此，从事儿童语言教学的教师应从学生的认知心理角度出发，多思考、多研究，把教学内容串联起来，让它们形成一个表征图式，采用直观的教学方法，让这些表征图式根植于儿童心中，做到寓教于乐，既让儿童在潜移默化中习得语言，又使语言教学质量有显著提高。

Engaged in children's language teaching, therefore, teachers should begin from the students' cognitive psychology perspective, more thinking, more research, the teaching content together, make them form a representation scheme, using the intuitive teaching method, make the representation schema rooted in the children's heart, and make others laugh and learn, let children acquire language in imperceptible already, and make the language teaching quality has improved significantly.http://www.xiexiebang.com/http://www.xiexiebang.com/

第二篇：心理学名词中英文对照（推荐）

教育硕士备考之心理学名词中英文对照

感觉记忆（SM）—sensory memory短期记忆（STM）—short-term M.长期记忆（LTM）—long-term memory复诵---rehearsal

预示(激发)----priming童年失忆症---childhoodamnesia 视觉编码（表征）---visual code(representation)听觉编码—acoustic code

运作记忆---working memory语意性知识—semantic knowledge 记忆扫瞄程序—memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.自我终止式扫瞄—self-terminated scanning程序性知识—procedural knowledge 命题（陈述）性知识--propositional（declarative）knowledge

情节（轶事）性知识—episodic K.讯息处理深度—depth of processing 精致化处理—elaboration登录特殊性—coding specificity 记忆术—mnemonic位置记忆法—method of loci

字钩法—peg word（线）探索（测）(激发)字—prime 关键词---key word命题思考----propositional thought心像思考---imaginal thought行动思考---motoric thought

概念---concept

原型----prototype属性----property特征---feature

范例策略--exemplar strategy语言相对性（假说）—linguistic relativity th.音素---phoneme词素---morpheme

(字词的)外延与内涵意义—denotative & connotative meaning

（句子的）表层与深层结构—surface & deep structure

语意分析法---semantic differential全句语言—holophrastic speech 过度延伸---over-extension电报式语言—telegraphic speech 关键期----critical period差异减缩法---differencereduction 方法目的分析---means-ends analysis倒推---working backward

动机---------motive自由意志------free will

决定论------determinism本能-----------instinct

种属特有行为-----species specific驱力----drive

诱因------incentive驱力减低说---drive reduction theory

恒定状态（作用）—homeostasis原级与次级动机—primary & secondary M.功能独立—functional autonomy下视丘侧部（LH）—lateral hypothalamus 脂肪细胞说----fat-cell theory下视丘腹中部（VMH）—ventromedial H 定点论---set point theory.CCK───胆囊调节激素

第一性征---primary sex characteristic第二性征---secondary sex characteristic 自我效能期望—self-efficiency expectancy内在（发）动机—intrinsic motive 外在（衍）动机—extrinsic motive成就需求---N.achievement

需求层级—hierarchy of needs自我实现---self actualization

冲突----conflict多项仪---polygraph

肤电反应----------GSR(认知)评估---(cognitive appraisal脸部回馈假说---facial feedback hypothesis(生理)激发----arousal

挫折-攻击假说---frustration-aggression hypothesis 替代学习----vicarious learning

发展------development先天-----nature

后天-----nurture成熟-------maturation

(视觉)偏好法-----preferential method

习惯法-----habituation视觉悬崖-----visual cliff

剥夺或丰富(环境)---deprivation or enrichment of env.基模----schema

同化----assimilation调适-----accommodation

平衡----equilibrium传承---generativity

感觉动作期----sensorimotor stage物体永久性----objective permanence 运思前期----preoperational st.保留概念----conservation

道德现实主义---moral realism具体运思期-----concrete operational 形式运思期----formal operational st.前俗例道德---pre-conventional moral 俗例道德----conventional moral超俗例道德----post-conventional moral 气质----temperament依附---attachment

性别认定---gender identity性别配合----sex typing

性蕾期---phallic stage性别恒定----gender constancy 恋亲冲突—Oedipal conflict认同-----identification

社会学习----social learning情结---complex

青年期----adolescence青春期---puberty

第二性征---secondary sex characteristics认同危机---identity crisis

定向统合---identity achievement早闭型统合---foreclosure

未定型统合---moratorium迷失型统合---identity diffusion 心理动力------psycho-dynamics心理分析------psychoanalysis

行为论-------behaviorism心理生物观---psycho-biological perspective 认知---------cognition临床心理学家-clinical psychologist 谘商--------counseling人因工程-------human factor engineering 组织--------organization潜意识---------unconsciousness

完形心理学---Gestalt psychology感觉------------sensation

知觉--------perception实验法--------experimental method 独变项-------independent variable依变项--------dependent V.控制变项------control V.生理------------physiology

条件化---------conditioning学习------------learning

比较心理学---comparative psy.发展-------------development

社会心理学---social psy.人格--------------personality

心理计量学—psychometrics受试(者)---------subject

实验者预期效应—experimenter expectancy effect

双盲法-----double—blind实地实验--------field experiment 相关-----------correlation调查-------------survey

访谈-----------interview个案研究-------case study

观察-----------observation心理测验-------psychological test 纹理递变度-----texture gradient注意------------attention

物体的组群---grouping of object型态辨识—pattern recognition

形象-背景----figure-ground接近律--------proximity

相似律--------similarity闭合律-------closure

连续律--------continuity对称律-------symmetry

错觉-----------illusion幻觉----------delusion

恒常性--------constancy大小----------size

形状-----------shape位置----------location

单眼线索-----monocular cue线性透视----linear-perspective 双眼线索-----binocular cue深度---------depth

调节作用-----accommodation重迭----superposition

双眼融合-----binocular fusion辐辏作用-----convergence

双眼像差-----binocular disparity向度---------dimension

自动效应-----auto-kineticeffect运动视差-----motion parallax

诱发运动----inducedmotion闪光运动-----stroboscopic motion 上下文﹑脉络-context人工智能------artificial intelligence A.I.脉络关系作用-context effect模板匹配------template matching 整合分析法---analysis-by-synthesis丰富性---------redundancy

选择性---------selective无意识的推论-unconscious inferences 运动后效---motion aftereffect特征侦测器—feature detector

激发性---excitatory抑制性----inhibitory

几何子---geons由上而下处理—up-down process 由下而上处理---bottom-up process连结者模式---connectionist model 联结失识症---associative agnosia脸孔辨识困难症---prosopagnosia

意识--conscious（ness）识改变状态---altered states of consciousness 无意识----unconsciousness前意识---------preconsciousness 内省法---introspection边缘注意---peripheralattention 多重人格-----multiple personality

午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应—lunch line(cocktail party)effect

自动化历程----automatic process

解离----dissociate解离认同失常----dissociative identity disorder 快速眼动睡眠----REM dream非快速眼动睡眠—NREM dream

神志清醒的梦----lucid dreaming失眠---insomnia

显性与隐性梦---manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoactive

冥想------meditation抗药性----tolerance戒断----withdrawal 感觉剥夺---sensory deprivation物质滥用----substance abuse

成瘾--------physical addiction物质依赖----sub.dependence

戒断症状----withdrawal symptom兴奋剂--stimulant

幻觉（迷幻）剂----hallucinogen镇定剂---sedative﹐

抑制剂—depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄—delirium tremens 麻醉剂---narcotic催眠----hypnosis

催眠后暗示----posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失忆 posthypnotic amnesia 超心理学---parapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP 心电感应---telepathy超感视---clairvoyance 预知---precognition 心理动力—psycokinesis PK受纳器-----receptor

绝对阈----absolute threshold差异阈----------difference threshold

恰辨差--------JND

韦伯律---------Weber's law心理物理-----psychophysical

费雪纳定律---Fechner's law频率-----frequency

振幅----------amplitude音频-------pitch

基音----------fundamental tone倍音-----overtone

和谐音-------harmonic音色------timbre

白色噪音----white noise鼓膜-----eardrum

耳蜗----------cochlea卵形窗—oval window

圆形窗-------round window前庭-----vestibular sacs

半规管-------semicircular canals角膜-------cornea

水晶体-------lens虹膜------------iris

瞳孔----------pupil网膜---------retina

睫状肌-------ciliary muscle调节作用---accommodation

脊髓---------spinal cord反射弧--------reflex arc

脑干---------brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描--CAT 或CT PET---正子放射断层摄影MRI-----磁共振显影

延脑----medulla桥脑-----pons小脑----cerebellum

网状结构---reticular formationRAS----网状活化系统

视丘----thalamus下视丘----hypothalamus

大脑----cerebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）—pituitary gland 脑半球---cerebral hemisphere皮质---cortex

胼胝体----corpus callosum边缘系统------limbic system

海马体----hippocampus杏仁核--------amygdala

中央沟---central fissure侧沟-----------lateral fissure

脑叶------lobe同卵双生子----identical twins 异卵双生子—fraternal twins

古典制约--classical conditioning操作制约---operant conditioning 非制约刺激—(USunconditioned stimulus非制约反应—(UR)unconditioned R.制约刺激---(CS)conditioned S.制约反应----(CR)conditioned R.习(获)得-----acquisition增强作用------reinforcement

消除(弱)------extinction自(发性)然恢复----spontaneous recovery 前行制约—forward conditioning同时制约--simultaneous conditioning 回溯制约---backward cond.痕迹制约——trace conditioning

延宕制约—delay conditioning类化(梯度)---generalization(gradient)区辨------discrimination(次级)增强物-------(secondary)reinforcer 嫌恶刺激---aversive stimulus试误学习---trial and error learning

效果率-----law of effect正(负)性增强物—positive(negative)rei.行为塑造—behavior shaping循序渐进-----successive approximation 自行塑造—autoshaping部分(连续)增强—partial(continuous)R 定比(时)时制—fixed ratio(interval)schedule FR或FI

变化比率(时距)时制—variable ratio(interval)scheduleVR或VI

逃离反应---escape R.回避反应—avoidance response习得无助----learned helplessness顿悟--------insight

学习心向—learning set隐内(潜在)学习---latent learning 认知地图---cognitive map生理回馈------biofeedback

敏感递减法-systematic desensitization普里迈克原则—Premack's principle 洪水法----flooding观察学习----observational learning 动物行为学----ethology敏感化—sensitization

习惯化---habituation)联结---association

认知学习----cognitional L.观察学习---observational L.登录﹑编码----encoding保留﹑储存-----retention 提取------retrieval回忆----(freerecall

全现心像﹑照相式记忆---eidetic imagery﹑photographic memory

舌尖现象（TOT）—tip of tongue再认----recognition

再学习--------relearning节省分数----savings

外显与内隐记忆--explicit & implicitmemory

记忆广度---memory span组集--chunk

序列位置效应---serial position effect起始效应---primacy effect 新近效应-----recency effect凝固理论—consolidation

心(情)境依赖学习---state-dependent L.无意义音节—nonsense syllable 顺向干扰---proactive interference逆向干扰---retroactive interference 闪光灯记忆---flashbulb memory动机性遗忘----motivated forgetting 器质性失忆症—organic amnesia阿兹海默症---Alzheimer“s disease近事（顺向）失忆症—anterograde amnesia旧事（逆向）失忆—retrograde A.高沙可夫症候群—korsakoff”s syndrome

第三篇：儿童对色彩的认知心理

儿童对色彩的认知心理

年龄与色彩

据心理学家研究表明:年龄为2~3岁的幼 儿期儿童喜爱艳丽明快的颜色,尤其是对比明显的颜色,有部 分孩子对新鲜颜色的偏爱程度会持续整个儿童阶段。因此,为 这一年龄段的儿童做设计时,应更多地使用明度高与纯度高的 色彩。实践证明,儿童在红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、紫、棕、黑、白、灰等 10种颜色中,儿童更多地偏爱红、黄、绿色,较少偏爱黑、灰、棕 色。儿童在1~5岁期间,对颜色爱好的差异并不显著,但6岁 之后,还表现出性别差异。男性最喜爱黄、蓝两色,其次是红、绿两色;女性则最喜爱红、黄两色,其次是橙、白、蓝三色。充满 童趣的女孩们钟情于浅色调,而男孩们认为深色或稳重色调较 适合他们。据丁秀玲研究儿童色彩感受结果表明: 65%的4岁 儿童能感受到色彩的冷暖性。随年龄增长, 5 ~6岁儿童色彩感受度己达到74%和 77%,但就整个学前阶段儿童而言,儿童普遍表现为喜欢暖色 调。儿童从4岁开始就己具有相当明显的先天直觉美感,因而 对色彩均衡和谐也有较好的感觉,其百分比为4、5、6岁儿童分 别为78%、61%、70%,从中不难看出4岁儿童比5、6岁儿童具 有更强的审美感受。另外,儿童的审美趣味会伴随年龄增长表 现为由色彩鲜艳、对比强烈向协调、柔和方向转变。因而,为年 龄大一些的儿童作设计时色彩对比应有所调整[2]。1.2 儿童对玩具包装图形的识别能力 儿童的内心世界是相当丰富精彩的,他们具备超乎常规的 想象力,他们对万物充满了好奇,哪怕是一块斑斓的色彩、一个 古怪的图形、一根弯曲的线条,都会令他们驻足半晌,想象联 翩。研究表明: 6~7岁儿童的空间知觉一般己有所发展,在形 状知觉方面,他们一般都能辨认正方形、长方形、圆形、菱形、三 角形等等。当儿童接触到产品自身或包装上的图形时,总是和 具体事物联系在一起来认识,他们常把不熟悉的抽象图形与具 体实物联系在一起认知。如果是熟知或熟悉的图形,他们马上 会迷上一段时间去观察和想象其情景内容[3]。现在市场上儿童食品包装从食品本身固有的颜色出发，对其色彩进行提炼与升华，看上去更加五彩缤纷、生动活泼，很能吸引儿童的视线。在色彩设计上。儿童食品就大多采用鲜红、嫩黄、金色、苹果绿、淡紫或玫瑰色等。因为三原色、对比色搭配比较适合儿童的视觉心理，也能影响到儿童的色彩记忆。每种色彩都会给人不同的味觉暗示，关于色彩的感觉，日本色彩学家内藤耕次郎通过实验得出甜是黄、白、桃红，酸是绿色，苦是茶、灰、黑，咸是白、蓝、茶、青色。色彩学家埃斯比尔克的实验结果为：甜是橙红，酸是绿色、蓝绿色，苦是黑色，咸是蓝色。哥林支的实验结果为：甜味是粉红，酸味是绿，苦味是蓝紫色，咸味是蓝色。包装色彩直接影响到儿童对食品口味的选择，因而要在理解色彩味觉特点的基础上进行色彩设计。答案补充

有人作过统计：儿童大多喜爱极鲜艳的颜色。婴儿喜爱红色和黄色，4～9岁儿童最喜爱红色，9岁的儿童又喜爱绿色，7～15岁的小学生中男生的色彩爱好次序是绿、红、青、黄、白、黑；女生的爱好次序是绿、红、白、青、黄、黑。随着年龄的增长，人们的色彩喜好逐渐向复色过渡，向黑色靠近。也就是说，年龄愈近成熟，所喜爱色彩愈倾向成熟。这是因为儿童刚走入这个大千世界，脑子思维一片空白，什么都是新鲜的，需要简单的、新鲜的、强烈刺激的色彩，他们神经细胞产生得快，补充得快，对一切都有新鲜感。随着年龄的增长，阅历也增长，脑神经记忆库已经被其他刺激占去了许多，色彩感觉相应就成熟和柔和些。2．色彩心理与职业有关 体力劳动者喜爱鲜艳色彩，脑力劳动者喜爱调和色彩；农牧区喜爱极鲜艳的，成补色关系的色彩；高级知识分子则喜爱复色、淡雅色、黑色等较成熟的色彩。

性别与色彩

一般来说，男性多用稳重沉着的色彩，色彩变化不大；女性则多用华美鲜艳的色彩，色彩变化万千。女性多少有些幻想气质，罗曼蒂克的色彩，往往最能触动她们善感的神经。女性的优雅与柔媚，需要梦幻般的色调来表现。最常用的色彩有苍白、浅色和带浅灰的色调，常用的色彩有清晰的粉红、带黄的粉红，这是表达甜美的梦；奶油色和柠檬黄，表达女性的肌肤和柔媚的性情。还有一些多彩的苍白色调，如稍黯淡的绿色、浅青色、淡紫色，这适合表达五彩斑斓的梦境。还有透明感的灰褐色、银灰色，表达透明的知性美。但是近些年来男女服装用色的距离越来越接近，女装男性化和男装女性化的情况经常可以看到。地域与色彩

在我国古代，天人合一的思想同样体现在传统的色彩文化上。“天有六气，发有五色”。“五色”是色彩的本原之色，是一切色彩的基本元素。《周礼·考工记》曰：“画缋之事，杂五色。东方谓之青，西方谓之白，南方谓之赤，北方谓之黑，天谓之玄，地谓之黄。”在战国时期，五色被认为可与五行、五时、五声、五态互相对应，相互转化，而这里的五气指寒、热、风、燥、湿，五时指冬、夏、春、秋、长夏，由此可见，古人已经把色彩和自然气候联系起来，把它们看作一个可以相互转换、彼此依存的整体。

第四篇：大学校园应该对游客开放(中英文对照)范文

The university campus should be open to tourists

In fact, there are many royal gardens and parks, all of them obviously better than the scenery in the Universities.Why do you think people prefer visiting here with their children? The atmosphere of famous universities can motivate students visitors to seek more knowledge.That is because it is a dream goal for many Chinese parents and young ambitious students.Besides this, as more tourists come to visit universities, these universities can widen their influence as well and they can also make some profit from the tourism.some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university.The merits of this is obvious.In the first place, Openning the University Campus to Tourists is propitious to enhance our university fame.In the second place, the tourists increase a scenery to visit.The university campus should be open to tourist for visiting well-known university campus always likes to relive their college dreams.Especially the majority of tourists will together with their children.They say let their children visit the well-known university which is an important thing to their children’ future further on broaden children's horizon.On the other hand, University campus should open word is bound to cause all sorts of security lapses, Such as fighting and fire and so on.Everyone want to visit well-known university campus.But we should make something be in order.Then the university could limit the quality of tourists and opening time.Tourists and the university both have a responsibility to make campus's environment wonderful.With the coming of great number of tourists ,universities may obtain a lot of money to renew and modernize teaching buildings,consequently improve the whole campus environment.Second ,middle school students can have a good impression of the universities ,which will set a good definite goal for themselves.I used to hear a story that one naught boy did not like study at all ,but one day his wise parents brought him to visit peking university ,he has completely overturned by the culture and intellectual ambiance.In my opinion, I think university should be open to public,since it is our government that spend the money on college education.what is more,there are many royal gardens and parks, all of them are obviously better than the scenery in the Universities.Why do you think people prefer visiting here with their children? That is because it is a dream goal for many Chinese parents and young ambitious students.Besides this, as more tourists come to visit universities, these universities can widen their influence.At the same time,school should strengthen the management of campus security and insure that students' learning life will not be affect.In summary: First, the university is open to visitors, not only to ease the tension tourist attractions, but also to satisfy people for scientific, cultural, humanistic spirit of admiration.This is without investing to have good social investment, the country's good.Second, the university as a social welfare agency, the government invested a lot of money, the university can promote economic development and opening up nearby, operating properly, can bring some benefits to the school, both to meet the tourists, but also conducive to the school, can be described as a double-win behavior.Third, the university as a cultural organization, both social choice, cultural heritage sites specifically, but also innovation, culture, an important base for radiation.Therefore, the university functions, not only transport technology and talent to the community, it should be spread culture to the community, so bring the whole social and cultural development.Fourth, practice makes perfect, the Open University is not only able to provide the opportunity for students to practice what they have learned, and contact with the community, but also reflects the university inclusive concept, and ultimately to promote social and cultural development, just as China's reform and opening up in1978, we can’t stop the advance because of fear problems, as long as the open, some of the problems will be solved naturally.Fifth, the famous universities should assume their social responsibilities,and in a timely manner show a broad open humanistic care for people.Through scientific management, reasonable ease, visitors also will be able to set a good example, really fall into the hearts of the academic temple, quietly feel charm from knowledge.Sixth, the Chinese Ministry of Education in 2013, according to statistics, in addition to the military, diplomatic and other institutions, above 90 percent of Chinese university are open to visitors, there is a reasonable, objective data that best describes the problem, so open is the trend, not facts argue.第一，大学向游客开放，既缓解了旅游景点的紧张，又满足了人们对于科学、文化、人文精神的景仰之情。这是无须投资就有良好社会效益、利国利民的好事。

第二，大学作为社会公益机构，政府投入了大量资金，大学开放可以带动附近的经济发展，经营得当，也能为学校带来部分收益，既满足了游客，也利于学校，可谓双赢。

第三，大学作为文化组织，既是社会选择，传承文化的专门场所，又是创新，辐射文化的重要基地。因此，大学的功能，不仅在于向社会输送科技和人才，更应是向社会传播文化，从而带动整个社会文化的发展。

第四，实践出真知，开放大学不仅能够为学生提供实践所学的机会，接触社会，而且体现大学兼容并包的理念，最终推动社会文化发展，就如同中国当年的改革开放一样，不能因为惧怕问题而停止前进的步伐，只要开放了，一些问题自然会迎刃而解。

第五，这些名校应承担自己的社会责任，及时向人们展现博大开放的人文关怀。通过科学管理，合理疏导，游客们也定能做好表率，真正走进心中的学术圣殿，静静感受它的美好。

第六，据2013年中国教育部统计，除军校、外交等院校外，中国近90%以上的大学都对游客开放，存在即合理，客观的数据最能说明问题，所以开放是大势所趋，不可争辩的事实。

1)Each candidate gives an opening statement to illustrate your viewpoint clearly.(1 minute each)2)Two candidates debate on the issue by asking and responding to the opponent for more details.Each candidate should have an adequate background of the positions and arguments that you will be proposing.(5-6minutes)3)Each candidate gives a final conclusive argument/statement at the end of the debate.(1 minute)

第五篇：对出国留学的看法(中英文对照)

In recent years, studying abroad has been popular.More and more students leave their own country to go abroad for their further education.They say that they can develop better with advanced and teaching methods in those modern schools.By communicating with foreign students or staying a long time with them, a profitable experience is available to them.By the time they come back home, they are supposed to have a great advantage over the students at home in many ways.I quite agree with what they say.There are many advantages.Firstly, going abroad will broaden our horizons and seeing those developed countries will motivate us to study harder.Secondly, studying abroad will gain us a lot of knowledge, which is hardly possible to be learned in our own country.Thirdly, as we are alone when study abroad, it invisibly enhances our abilities to depend on ourselves.Fourthly, it provides us with a good opportunity to make friends with foreigners, which will benefit us lifelong.Last but not the least, when we finish our schoolship, we will be offered with better job and it means we could welcome a colorful future.But one fact I'd like to remind them of is that quite a number of overseas students stay abroad disappointed as they can't obtain what they hope for, let alone success.When they are abroad, they are helpless and have to be independent, which is quite contrary to what it is at home.They lack independence;they can't even tell right and wrong apart, and as a result some of them even commit crimes.Therefore, whether it is good or not to study abroad depends on the individual.So take more factors into careful consideration.近年来，出国留学已经流行。越来越多的学生离开自己的祖国去国外进修。他们说在先进设施和教学方法的现代学校中能得到更好的发展。通过与国外的学生的交流或住很长一段时间，他们能得到很宝贵的经验。当他们回国的时候，他们应该有许多方面比在国内学生有很大优势。我很同意他们所说的。

我认为出国留学有很多好处。首先，出国留学可以拓展我们的视野并且我们可以接触到发达国家的东西。这样可以激励我们更加努力的学习。第二，出国留学可以使我们获得很多在自己国家得不到的东西。第三，出国留学时，我们独自一人，这样可以培养我们的独立能力。第四，出国留学使我们有好的机会接触到外国人。最重要的是，当我们完成学业时，我们可以找到一份好的工作，它意味着我们可以有一个好的未来。

但有一个事实我想提醒他们的是，相当一部分留学生失望，因为他们不能得到他们所希望的——让一个人的成功。当他们在国外的时候，他们无助必须要独立，这是和在家里是完全相反的。他们缺乏独立性；他们甚至不能区分正确和错误，结果其中一些甚至犯罪。

因此，出国留学无论是好还是坏取完全决于个人，所以要仔细考虑更多的因素。