第一篇:高中英语数词的用法总结
一、数词的分类 1.基数词
表示数目的词称为基数词.其形式如下: A.从1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.从 11——19 eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen. 这里除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成.C.从 21——99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成.表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位数
个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位数以上
从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”.从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion.然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式.2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现.There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人.Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.
每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆.They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来到了剧院.G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示.He became a professor in his thirties. 他三十多岁时成为了教授.She died of lung cancer in forties. 她四十来岁时死于肺癌.It was in the 1960s.
那是在二十世纪六十年代.H.基数词的句法功能 基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语.The two happily opened the box.
两个人高兴地打开了盒子.(作主语)I need three altogether.
我总共需要三个.(作宾语)
Four students are playing volleyball outside. 四个学生在外面打排球.(作定语)We are sixteen.
我们是16个人.(作表语)
They three tried to finish the task before sunset.
他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务.(作同位语)2.序数词
表示顺序的词称为序数词.序数词的主要形式: A.从第一至第十九
其中,one— first, two— second, three— third, five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成.例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.从第二十至第九十九
整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成.twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth 表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示.thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九
C.第一百以上的多位序数词
由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示.one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序数词的缩写形式
有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示.主要缩写形式有.first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th.E.序数词的句法功能
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语.The second is what I really need. 第二个是我真正需要的.(作主语)He choose the second.
他挑选了第二个.(作宾语)We are to carry out the first plan. 我们将执行第一个计划.(作定语)
She is the second in our class.在我们班她是第二名.(作表语)注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再——”,“又——”.We/’ll go over it a second time. 我们得再念第二遍.We/’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗? 另外,基数词也可以表示顺序.只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词.the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
二、时刻表示法
1.表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o/’clock 5:00 读作 five o/’clock 或 five 2.表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时 five past seven 七点过五分 half past six 六点半
a quarter past eight 八点过一刻
seven past eight 八点过七分 3.表示几点差几分,在分钟后面加to,再加小时 ten to eight 差十分八点(七点五十分)
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点(十一点四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六点(五点四十分)在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间.以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字.6:31 读作 six thirty-one 10:26 读作 ten twenty-six 14:03 读作 fourteen o three 16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 读作 eighteen thirty 23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-five 注:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了.三、年月表示法
1.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加/’s表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪
the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪 the 1900/’s 二十世纪 the 1600/’s 十七世纪
这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪.2.年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成
in the 1930/’s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世纪三十年代
in the 1860/’s(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世纪六十年代
In the 1870/’s when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.
在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语.3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920/’s 在二十世纪二十年代早期 in the mid-1950/’s 在二十世纪五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法
A.年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读.1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 读作 eighteen hundred 253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前.in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字.B.月份,在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示.例如:in May在五月; in July在七月.为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示.缩写形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外.January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月
November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月
注:这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号.C.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示.在哪一天要添加介词on.National Day is on Oct.1.国庆节是十月一日.(读作 October first)
此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(读作May fifth)也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(读作March first或 the first of March)
5.表示不具体、不确切的时间,如世纪、年代、年份、月份时,用介词in表示,表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in.但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词in应改为on.这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等.On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house. 在一个寒冷的早晨,这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里.I don/’t want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study. 我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰.The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7. 这次事故发生在7月7日下午.We are to have a small test on Monday morning. 星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验.四、加减乘除表示法
1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示.2+3=? 可表示为: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5 Two plus three is five.
Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five.
Two added to three equals five.
If we add two to/and three, we get five. 二加三等于五
2.“减”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four.
Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four. 十减去六等于四
3.“乘”用time(动词)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve.
Multiply three by four,we get twelve. Three multiplied by four makes twelve. 三乘以四等于十二
4.“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示 16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.
Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four. 十六除以四等于四.五、分数表示法
1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的.基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式.3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数.1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸
3.表示“n次方”的说法:指数用序数词,底数用基数词.10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小数表示法
1.小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作 point,o读作 zero或o〔ou〕,整数部分为零时,可以省略不读.0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三
2.当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数.1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨 l.5 tons 一点五吨
七、百分数表示法
百分数用基数+percent表示 50% fifty percent 百分之五十 3% three percent 百分之三
0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二 这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent这一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式.八、数量表示法
1.表示长、宽、高、面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容词(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词(length, width, height, weight等)表示.two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽 This box is 2 kilograms in weight. 这个盒子有两千克重.The city wall of Xi/’an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high. 西安城墙是12米宽,12米高.2.表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语.five minutes/’ walk
步行五分钟(的距离)
It/’s an hour/’s ride from my hometown to our university. 从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程.或:从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时.It/’s three kilometers/’ distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远.3.表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示.thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 摄氏 36度
four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 摄氏零下4度 Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. 水在华氏三十二度时结冰.Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade. 水在摄氏一百度时沸腾.这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时,可以省略.You are 37℃.(读作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度.(摄氏)
It/’s seven degrees below zero. 今天是零下七度.(摄氏)
4.由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接.It/’s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground. 从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟.She/’s a sixteen-year-old girl. 她是个十六岁的女孩.5.表示“比···大(或)几倍”的说法.This room is two times bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍.The dictionary is four times thicker than that book. 这本词典比那本书厚四倍.My age is two times older than his. 我的年龄比他大两倍
第二篇:英语数词用法总结
英语数词用法总结
一.本周教学内容 数词用法总结
二.知识归纳与总结
A.基础知识
(一)数词的分类:
表示数目多少或顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。one,two
表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词。the first(第一)、the second(第二)
(二)数词的用法:
1.作主语
Thirty of them are Party members.他们之中的三十人是党员。
2.作宾语
Please pass me the second.请递给我第二个。
3.作定语
The nine boys are from Tianjin.这九个男孩子是天津人。
4.作表语
Six plus four is ten.六加四等于十。
5.作同位语(只限基数词)
We four will go with you.我们四个人将和你一起去。
B.用法总结
(一)基数词的表示方法:
1.1-12 的基数词:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2.13~19的基数词,在个位数上加后缀-teen构成,并有两个重音。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3.20~90等十位数由2-9 加后缀-ty构成。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4.21-29由十位数20加个位数1-9 构成,十位和个位之间加连字符号“-”,其他十位数以此类推。twenty-one、44 forty-four、98 ninety-eight
5.多位数的读法
① 从后向前数,每三位数加一个“,”;第一个“,”号前为thousand(千),第二个“,”号前为million(百万)……,然后再逐段表达。
② 三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。
45,632,798 读作
forty-five million, six hundred and thirty-two thousand, seven hundred and ninety-eight
(二)序数词的表示方法:
序数词 = 基数词+th,但以下几个特殊:
one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth.eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth, twenty-twentieth ……, a hundred-a hundredth
(三)倍数、分数、小数、百分数的表示方法:
1.倍数:time(s)
This room is three times as large as that one.这个房间有那个房间三个大。
Three threes are nine.or Three times three is nine.三三得九。
2.分数:
分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分子为2以上时,分母(序数词)应变为复数。
三分之一,one third, a third; 五分之三,three fifths
数短语作主语时,谓语的数由of 后面的名词来决定,名词为可数名词复数,则谓语用复数;名词为不可数名词,谓语用单数。
A third of the land is covered by forests.Two thirds of the workers are working hard.3.小数:
小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同,小数点后面则须将数字一一读出。
1.25 读作 one point two five
0.56 读作naught point five six或zero point five six
4.百分数:
百分号%读作 percent
eg.5% 读作 five percent
(四)算式表达法:
1.加法
A+B=C → A plus B is C.or A and B is C.2.减法
A-B=C →A minus B is C.or B from A is C.3.乘法
A×B=C → A times B is C.or A multiplied by B is C.4.除法
A÷B=C → A divided by B is C.5.大于
A>B → A is more than B.6.小于
A
(五)常见数词的表示法及读法
1.章节、页数的读法
第一章:the first chapter;Chapter One
第二节:the second section;Section Two
第三课:the third lesson;Lesson Three
第463页:page four six three
第2564页:page two five six four或twenty-five sixty-four
注意:如果页码的数字较长,通常用基数词。
2.房间、门牌、电话号码的读法
第305房间:Room three o(零)five
长安街76号:seventy-six Chang'an Street
电话号码:204-2244:telephone number two o(零)four two two(double two)four four
十一路公共汽车:Bus(No.)eleven
3.年代、日期、时刻的读法
(1)年份是四位数字时,各分成二位来读,eg.公元1995年:1995(=nineteen ninety-five)
(2)日期使用一般的序数词来读取
eg.5月10日:May 10th(=May tenth)
(3)时刻通常用基数词来读
eg.8点45分:8: 45(=eight forty-five)
(4)年代表示法:
eg.二十世纪九十年代:1990's nineteen nineties
4.hundred, thousand, million用法:
hundred, thousand, million前面有具体数字,要用单数形式,但如果它们后面有of,那它们要用复数形式,同时,前面不能再加具体的数目。
eg.two thousand 两千 thousands of 成千上万
hundreds of 成百上千 millions of 数以百万计
Thousands and thousands of people have visited the city.成千上万的人参观了这座城市。
(六)需注意的问题:
1.数词+名词用“-”连在一起作定语,后面名词不用复数。
eg.a four-year-old boy
2.有些结构既有基数词又有序数词。
eg.the first three questions
the last five minutes
3.英语中有一些短语包含数词,不能从表面上理解它们的意义
eg.one and the only 唯一 be at one with 与… 一致
be on all fours 匍匐;趴
Two's company, three is a crowd 二人成伴,三人不欢
one and the same 同一个;完全一样 for one 举个例子说
ten to one 十之八九 a thousand to one 十之八九
talk nineteen to the dozen 滔滔不绝 by twos and threes 三三两两
in ones and twos 三三两两 first and last 总共
first of all 首先 from the first 从一开始
......
第三篇:数词总结
2.数字的读法及写法 1 one
eleven 2 two
twelve
twenty
hundred 3 three thirteen thirty
1,000 thousand 4 four
fourteen
forty
1,000,000million 5 five
fifteen
fifty
1,000,000,000 6 six sixteen
sixty
billion 7 seven seventeen 70 seventy
1,000,000,000,000 8 eight
eighteen
eighty
zillion 9 nine
nineteen
ninety ten 3.序数词的读法
1st first
11th eleventh
2nd second
12th twelfth
20th twentieth 3rd third
13th thirteenth
30th thirtieth 4th fourth
14th fourteenth
40th fortieth 5th fifth
15th fifteenth
50th fiftieth 6th sixth
16th sixteenth
60th sixtieth 7th seventh
17th seventeen
70th
seventieth 8th eighth
18th eighteenth
80th eightieth 9th ninth
19th nineteenth
90th ninetieth 10th tenth
100th one-hundredth *21st
twenty-first
22nd
twenty-second …
所有的多位数变序数词,只将个位变成序数词即可。5.人称代词
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they 宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them 形物代
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their 名物代
mine
yours
his
her
its
ours
yours theirs 反身代词myself
yourself
himself herself itself ourselves themselves 3.句子的种类:
陈述句:a.肯定句
主语+谓语+…
b.否定句
一般疑问句:可以用Yes或No回答的疑问句。
陈述句变一般疑问句注意三点:一调二改三问号
特殊疑问句:由疑问词+一般疑问句构成的疑问句。
8w: what which who whose whom where why when
1h: how
How many…?
How old…?
How much…?
How often…? How far…?
How soon…?
yourselves
西安未央高新外国语学校 新初一预科讲义第三讲
1.必记词汇:人称代词背诵 2.必会交际句型:
What’s your name? My name is ….Your name ,please? I’m ….Nice to meet you!
Nice to meet you,too!
What’s your phone number? My telephone number is ….3.句子的种类:
陈述句:a.肯定句
主语+谓语+…
b.否定句
一般疑问句:可以用Yes或No回答的疑问句。
陈述句变一般疑问句注意三点:一调二改三问号
特殊疑问句:由疑问词+一般疑问句构成的疑问句。
疑问词:8w1h
8w: what which who whose whom where why when
1h: how
How many…?
How old…?
How much…?
How often…? How far…?
How soon…?
How tall…?
How long…
西安未央高新外国语培训学校
新初一预科讲义第一讲
1.必记词汇
where哪里 table桌子 bed床
dresser梳妆台 bookcase书柜 sofa沙发 chair椅子 drawer抽屉 plant植物 know知道 bag包 math数学 alarm闹钟 video录像 hat帽子 take拿走 thing物品 can能够 bring带来 some一些 need需要 floor地板 room房间 TV=television电视 desk课桌
方位介词:in在…里面 on在…上面 under在…下面
in front of在…前面 behind在…后面 between在…中间 next to在…旁边
2.必记句型
1Where is+可数名词单数或不可数名词? ○It’s+方位介词+地方.it’s=it is 2Where are+可数名词复数? ○They’re +方位介词+地方.they’re=they are 3I don’t know.○3.语法知识
可数名词的单复数变化:
a.一般的名词直接加s;pen--pens b.以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es;box--boxes c.以辅音加元音y结尾的名词,变y为i加es;fly--flies d.以f/fe结尾的名词,变f/fe为ve加s;knife--knives e.特殊变化。man—men
第四篇:中考冠词、数词用法复习小结
培优中考冠词用法复习小结
歌曰:定冠词用法有规律,防止遗志很容易。
冠词是英语中最常见的一种限定词,它在句子中不能充当任何句子成分,所以也不能单独使用,特指双方都熟悉,上文已经被提及。只能用在名词前面,说明所指的人或物。冠词共有两种:不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有a和an,世上无二仅独一,序数词和最高级。定冠词有the。在实际使用中,还有一种叫零冠词的,即在名词的前面不用任何冠词。
山河海岛建筑物,姓氏复数奏乐器。
[焦点一]不定冠词
少数形表人一类,方位名词须牢记。1.用法
普构专有惯用词,试用此诀有效率。l)表示数量有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强。l)特指某人或某物。如________ woman over there is ____________ popular teacher in our school.A.A;an
B.The;a C.The;the
D.A;the(2000年青海省)There are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.A.an B.a
C.the
D.× 2)指双方都知道的人或事物。如:Where are the new books,Jim? 2)表示某个人或事物,但不具体说明何人或何物,表示泛指。3)指上文提到过的人或物。如:There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.3):表示人或事物的某一类。4)用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, etc.如:Pass me an apple, please. 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如:The third one is carrying the fewest of all.4)表示“每一”的意思,相当于every\per。6)用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island, etc.如:Mr.Green goes to the cinema once a week.
5)表示某一个,相当于a certain 7)用在某些建筑物名词前。如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People A Mr, Smith is asking to see you.8)用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇”。如:the Greens, the Blacks, etc.2 不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前面。另外,在表9)用在乐器名词前。如:the piano, the violin, etc.示一个以辅音音素开头的字母(如:b,c,d,g,j,k等)时,字母前面用a;在表示一个以元音10)用在少数名词化的形容词前表示一类人或事物。如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.音素开头的字母(如:a,e,l,m,n等)时,字母前面用an。例如: 11)用在表示方向位置的名词前。如:in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.1)(2002年济南市)This is ________ empty bottle.Could you give me ______ full one? 12)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the People’s Republic of China, etc.A.a;a
B.an;a
C.the;the
D.×;a 13)用在某些习惯用语中。如:in the morning, by the way, look the same, etc.2)(2003年广西壮族自治区)There is __________ apple and some pears on the table.in the evening 在晚上in the field
在田野里in the country
在乡间in the sun
在阳光下
A.the
B.×
C.a
D.an on the right
在右边by the way
顺便说一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime
白天
3)(2004年广东省)----Did you do well in ____________ English exam? go to the concert
去听音乐会 in the beginning
开始
at the moment
当时,此刻
----Yes, I got ____________“A”.all the year round
一年到头go to the cinema
去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏
A.the;an
B.an;the
C.a;×
D.the;a at the weekend
周末 in the afternoon
在下午in the sky
在空中in the dark 在暗处
3.用于某些固定词组中。例如:half an apple 半个苹果 in the rain 在雨中on the left
在左边all the time
始终in the middle of 在中间
Two hours and a half
half an hour
半个小时as a result
因此
for a while
一会儿
once on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然at the same time 同时in the end 终于 in a while
偶尔
for a moment 一会儿
have a word with sb.同某人谈话
have a nice trip
on the one hand, on the other hand
一方面,另一方面 旅途愉快
have(/take)a walk
散步
make a face
做鬼脸
in a hurry
匆忙地
do sb.a [焦点三]不用冠词的几种情况:零冠词的基本用法 favor
帮某人忙
take an active part in 积极参加
live a happy life
过幸福生活
歌曰:下列情况不用冠,名词之前代词限; give a lesson
教一堂课
once upon a time
从前
专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐;
(2004年福州市)----Where is Xiao Ming?--He’s having __________ rest over there.复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前;
A.a B.an
C.the
D.×
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。a useful book
一件有用的书
a university
一所大学 1)当名词前已经有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、a European country
一个欧洲国家
a one-eyed man
一个一目失明的人 名词所有格等修饰限定时,不加冠词 an hour
一小时
an honor 一种荣誉 如:The letter is in her bag.an honest boy
一个诚实的男孩
an umbrella
一把伞 an uncle
一位叔叔 2)专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。如:China,water,music, etc.
[焦点二]定冠词主要和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或物。其用法如下:
3)球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。4)复数名词表示泛指。如:They are workers 5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前。Make her monitor 7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中。
如:at night noon , go to school, by bus, at home
在家
on time 准时in time 按时at work 在工作on show
在展出in trouble 处于困境 at first 起初at last
终于in fact
事实上on holiday
在度假on duty
值日 at times
有时候after class
课后at night
在夜间with pleasure
乐意地 8 某些交通工具名称前不用冠词 by train 乘火车(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租车(= in a taxi)by plane 乘飞机(=on a plane)by bus 乘公交车(=on a bus)by bike 骑自行车(=on a bike)by car 乘小汽车(=in a car)
on foot 步行 定冠不定冠 意思差千万
有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同。如:1)at table在吃饭;
at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上课;
in the class在班级中 3)go to school去上学;go to the school到那所学校去 4)go to bed上床睡觉;
go to the bed到床那边去 5)in front of在…的前面;
in the front of在…的前部.6)take place 发生,举行 take one's place
代替某人(的工作)
7)on earth
究竟,到底(用于加强语气)on the earth
在地球上
8)four of them
他们当中4人(不只4人)he four of them
他们4人(共计4人)9)next week(month)下周(下个月)(以现在看将来)
the next week(month)
第二周(下个月)(在过去某一时间之后)10)in hospital 因病住院in the hospital 在医院里(不一定生病)11)a number of 许多(修饰可数名词复数)
the number of ……的数量(修饰可数名词,作主语是谓语动词用单数)13 两个平行、并列的名词前不用冠词
例:arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side
肩并肩one by one 一个接一个
hand in hand
手拉手
face to face
面对面
day by day 一天一天的day and night
日日夜夜
中考考点冠词练习
举一反三,学的更轻松!
1.-What are you going to be when you grow up?-I hope to be ________ artist when I grow up.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./ 2.-Are you ________ Chinese or American?-Chinese.But I was brought up in New York.A.an
B./
C.the
D.one 3.-Where is Tom?
-He's having ________ rest over there.A.a
B.an
C.the
D.不填
4.Antonia is ________ American girl.She studies in ________ university in Changsha.A.the;a
B.a;a
C.an;a
D.an; an 5.-Have you got ________ E-mail address?-Oh yes.Mine is hfc2008@sohu.com.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
6.-Have you seen ________ magazine? I left it here a moment ago.-Is it________ new English magazine? I saw it was taken away by Bruce.A.a; a
B.a;an
C.a; the
D.the; the 7.We can't see ________sun at ________ night.A.a,/ B.a,the
C.the,/
D.the,the
8.This is ________song I've told you about.Isn't it ________beautiful song? A.the;the B.a; a
C.the; a
D.a; the 9.-Did you enjoy your stay in Guangzhou?
-Yes.We had ________ wonderful time in the White Clouds Hill.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
10.Jim is good at ________ piano.He does well in ________ football,too.A.playing,playing
B.playing,playing the C.playing the,to play
D.playing the,playing
11.There's ________apple tree in front of ________house.A.an,/ B.the,the
C.an,the
D.a,the
12.It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train.A.an,a B.a,an
C.an,/
D.a,/ 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
1.September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.2.---Do you like playing _________ football?
---Yes.But I have only _________ basketball.3.Do you know _______girl on ________ other side of ________ lake?
4.There's ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.5.She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.6.His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.7.Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?
8.Don't make any noise in ______class.9.He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.10.________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.11.Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night.________ film was about ______ kind doctor.一、数词的分类 1.基数词
表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下: A.从1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.从 11——19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen. 这里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。C.从 21——99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位数
个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位数以上
从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and
Horses every day.
每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。
G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十来岁时死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世纪六十年代。H.基数词的句法功能
基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。
The two happily opened the box.两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语)I need three altogether.我总共需要三个。(作宾语)
Four students are playing volleyball outside.四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语)We are sixteen.我们是16个人。(作表语)
They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。(作同位语)2.序数词
表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式: A.从第一至第十九
其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.从第二十至第九十九
整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth
表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序数词
由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序数词的缩写形式
有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。E.序数词的句法功能
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。(作主语)He choose the second.他挑选了第二个。(作宾语)
We are to carry out the first plan.我们将执行第一个计划。(作定语)She is the second in our class.在我们班她是第二名。(作表语)
注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再——”,“又——”。
We'll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗?
另外,基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词。the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
二、时刻表示法
1.表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o'clock 5:00 读作 five o'clock 或 five 2.表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时 five past seven 七点过五分 half past six 六点半
a quarter past eight 八点过一刻 seven past eight 八点过七分
3.表示几点差几分,在分钟后面加to,再加小时 ten to eight 差十分八点(七点五十分)
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点(十一点四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六点(五点四十分)
在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间。以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。6:31读作 six thirty-one 10:26读作 ten twenty-six 14:03 读作 fourteen o three 16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 读作 eighteen thirty 23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-five
注:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。
三、年月表示法
1.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加's表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪
the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪 the 1900's 二十世纪 the 1600's 十七世纪
这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。2.年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成
in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世纪三十年代
in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世纪六十年代 In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语。
3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920's 在二十世纪二十年代早期 in the mid-1950's 在二十世纪五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法
A.年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。
1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 读作 eighteen hundred 253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。
B.月份,在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外。January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月 November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月
注:这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。C.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。National Day is on Oct.1.国庆节是十月一日。(读作 October first)此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(读作May fifth)也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(读作March first或 the first of March)
5.表示不具体、不确切的时间,如世纪、年代、年份、月份时,用介词in表示,表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in。但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。
On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.在一个寒冷的早晨,这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。
I don't want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.这次事故发生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning.星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。
四、加减乘除表示法
1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示。2+3=? 可表示为: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five. Two added to three equals five.
If we add two to/and three, we get five.二加三等于五 2.“减”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4Ten minus six is four.
Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four.十减去六等于四 3.“乘”用time(动词)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve. Multiply three by four,we get twelve.
Three multiplied by four makes twelve.三乘以四等于十二 4.“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示
16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4Sixteen divided by four is four.
Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。
五、分数表示法
1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸
3.表示“n次方”的说法:指数用序数词,底数用基数词。
10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小数表示法
1.小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作 point,o读作 zero或o[ou],整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三
2.当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数。1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨 l.5 tons 一点五吨
七、百分数表示法
百分数用基数+percent表示 50% fifty percent
百分之五十 3% three percent
百分之三
0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二
这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent这一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。
八、数量表示法
1.表示长、宽、高、面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容词(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词(length,width,height,weight等)表示。
two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽 This box is 2 kilograms in weight.这个盒子有两千克重。
The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墙是12米宽,12米高。2.表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes' walk步行五分钟(的距离)
It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university.从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。或:从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。
It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。3.表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示。
thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 摄氏 36度
four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 摄氏零下4度
Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在华氏三十二度时结冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时,可以省略。
You are 37℃.(读作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度。(摄氏)It's seven degrees below zero.今天是零下七度。(摄氏)
4.由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。
It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。She's a sixteen-year-old girl.她是个十六岁的女孩。5.表示“比···大(或)几倍”的说法。
This room is two times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.这本词典比那本书厚四倍。My age is two times older than his.我的年龄比他大两倍。
第五篇:高中英语中六大从句用法总结
英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有:
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.2.宾语从句
1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.The news came that their team had won the championship.5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things(whichthat)we have to put up with.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which)there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which)he was so angry that day.5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.*“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句
“介词+whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no moment,immediately(that)等。
sooner...than,each(every)
time,the As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so...that,such...that ,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*条件和让步状语从句
1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so)long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing)that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.