第一篇：初中英语作文英汉翻译大全
初中英语作文英汉翻译大全
我的周末My Weekend My Weekend Last saturday, I was very happy.On saturday, I got up at seven o'clock.After breakfast, I did my homwwork, It was a little difficult.Then I played computer games,It was very interesting, so I liked they very much.In the eveing ,I visit my friend--Hans,he was very friendly to me,I love him.I was veryhappy,I think you did too.内容：我的周末上星期六，我很高兴。上周六，我得到了在7点钟。早餐后，我做homwwork，这是一个有点困难。然后，我打电脑游戏，这是非常有趣的，所以我喜欢他们非常much.In的晚装，我去看我的朋友-汉斯，他非常友好，我，我爱他。我是veryhappy，我觉得你没有了。
我最喜欢吃的食物My favorite food to eat My mother a good cook, there are many of the dishes I like to eat.Of these, my favorite dishes to eat the fish is braised.Today, her mother burned to eat my favorite braised fish.I witnessed the mother fish fish washing process.Mother first ready material: carp, onions, ginger, garlic, sugar, soy sauce, coriander, rice wine, salt, cooking oil and green pepper.These materials are ready, my mother began to wash the fish.She saw a knife to scale, and then remove the fish gills, and fish bubble remain in the belly, to puncture the bubble of fish, the fish maw with black all the debris removed, cleaned the fish, fish evenly in a few designated marks I can spare.Mother heated the pot, when smoking pot when the oil poured into a little, let the pot coated with a layer of oil, then add a small amount of cooking oil, fry after a good wash pot Add the fish and then release into some rice wine, so you can remove the fish smell, adding a teaspoon of sugar, a small amount of soy sauce.fish can be a color, then start adding cold water, let the fish submerged in water, adding green onions, ginger, garlic, pepper and salt, and then after the fire to boil, to low heat, boil 40 minutes, adding parsley, Finally, a pot of tasty braised fish cooking in her mother under the care of.Smell this fragrance, I salivate.I quickly pick up the chopsticks, a small dip at juice, ah, how good you and incense and soft and slippery, so together with color, flavor and taste a whole food ah!
我最喜欢吃的食物
我的母亲是好厨师，这些有我喜欢的菜吃很多。其中，我最喜欢吃的菜是红烧鱼。
今天，她的母亲活活吃我最喜欢的红烧鱼。我亲眼目睹了母亲的鱼的鱼洗涤过程。
妈妈第一次准备好材料：鲤鱼，葱，姜，蒜，糖，酱油，香菜，米酒，盐，食用油和青椒。
这些材料准备好了，我母亲就开始洗鱼。她看到一把刀规模，然后删除该鱼鳃，鱼泡沫留在腹部，以刺破泡沫的鱼，与黑色的所有碎片清除鱼肚，清理鱼，鱼均匀地在几个指定的商标我可以备用。
母亲加热罐，壶时，吸烟时，石油到一点，让锅的涂上一层油，然后添加好后，一洗罐食油少量添加鱼鱼苗，然后释放到一些米放进葡萄酒，这样你可以删除该鱼腥味，加入一茶匙糖，大豆sauce.fish的少量可以是一个颜色，然后开始添加冷水，让鱼在水中，加入葱，姜，蒜，胡椒和盐，然后大火发生后煮沸，低热量，煮沸40分钟，加入香菜，最后，美味的红烧鱼烹饪锅在她母亲的关怀下。
这种香水气味，我垂涎三尺。我迅速拿起筷子，在果汁小幅下降，啊，怎么好和香，软，滑的色，香，味整个粮食啊，一起做！
朋友的到访 Friend’s Visiting
Last week, a friend of mine came to visit me, I felt so surprised, because we lose touch for many years, he was my classmate when I was in primary school, now five years has passed, both of us have entered college.My friend told me that he was doing a research, he remembered my home address, so he came to visit me.We talked many things in primary school, it was a beautiful memory, both of us were naughty at that time, but we loved sport, we played the basketball match and won the first place.When the time he left, we made the deal to be gather for the next time.上周，我的一个朋友拜访我，我觉得很意外，因为我们已经很多年没联系了，他是我初中时候的同学，如今五年过去了，我们两个都已经进入了大学。我的朋友告诉我他正在做一个调查，他记得我的家庭地址，因此他来拜访我。我们谈论了很多在初中的事情，那是一段美好的回忆，我们当时都很淘气，但是我们都喜欢运动，我们打了篮球赛，并且赢得了第一名。当他离开的时候，我们都约定好了下次见面的时间。
初中生活
Life in Middle School
Before I entered the middle school, I felt so worried about the life in middle school, because my cousin told me that I would have to compete with so many excellent students.Now I get used to the life, I learn many subjects from Monday to Friday.Though I always meet the difficulties in learning the new knowledge, I get help from my teachers and classmates.I am not afraid of the middle school life again, I am so excited to learn new things every day.In the future days, I will meet many challenges, I believe I can get over them.Life in middle school has happiness and sorrow, they fulfill my life.在我进入初中以前，我很担忧初中的生活，因为我的表姐告诉我我将要和很多优秀的学生进行竞争。如今我适应了初中生活，我从周一到周五学习很多科目。虽然我总是在学习新知识时遇到困难，但是我得到了老师和同学的帮助。我不再害怕初中生活了，我对于每天学到新知识感到兴奋。在将来的日子里，我将会遇到很多困难，我相信我能克服他们。初中的生活有快乐也有忧伤，它们充实了我的生活。
最佳的目标 The Best Goal I remember once upon a time, when I was running 800meters, I felt there seemed to be the impossible mission for me, I wanted to give up, then my teacher told me that I should not think about the 800meters, I should set up 100meters for myself, then I wouldn’t be so tired.I did as he told me, indeed, every time when I finished the small goal, I was happy, in the end, I finished the running.I learn the lesson that we need to set up the best goal, it means we can make the small goals, which are so easy for us to realize.Then every time we finish the small goal, we will close to our final destination.我记得有一次，当我跑800米的时候，我觉得这对于我来说是不可能的任务，我想要放弃，然后我的老师告诉我不应该想着800米，我应该为自己定下100米的目标，这样才不会那么累。我按他说的去做，每次我完成了小目标，我就很开心，最后，我完成了跑步。我学到了东西，我们需要定下最佳的目标，这意味着我们可以定下小目标，对我们来说容易实现。每次我完成了小目标，就会离最终的目的地近了一步。
快乐的周末 Happy Weekend Since I was small, I was so curious about the beach, because in my home, I never have the chance to see the real beach.It happens to me that my friends planned to go to Beihai this weekend, so I was so excited to join them.It took us four hours to arrive in Beihai, I saw the beach when I was in the busy, the water was so clean and there were so many people walked in the beach.When we found the hotel and dropped everything down, we went to the beach and had the barbecue, I played with my friends so happily.I realized my dream and have a happy weekend.打从我小时候起，我就会海滩和好奇，因为在我家，我从来没有机会看到真正的海滩。很巧发生在我身上，我的朋友计划在这个周末去北海，因此我很兴奋能加入他们。我们花了四个小时到达北海，当我在汽车上的时候，我看到了海滩，水是那么的清澈，很多人在海滩上散步。当我们找到旅馆，放下一切东西以后，我们走到海边，一边烧烤，我很朋友们玩得很开心。我实现了自己的梦想，并且度过了一个愉快的周末。
兴趣是最好的老师
Interest Is the Best Teacher When I learned English, I felt so hard, because no matter hard I tried, I just could not understand the grammar.One day, my sister asked me why was I so confused with English, I told her I did not know, I was so afraid of it.Then she asked me to watch English movie and listened to the English songs.At first, I fell in love with these songs, I learned to sing them, I found I could remember more and more words.I also felt very interested in the movie, I could learn the local words.With interest, I make great progress, I am not afraid of English any more.Interest is the best teacher.在我学英语的时候，我感到很困难，因为无论我多么努力去尝试，我就是无法理解语法。一天，我的姐姐问我为什么对英语感到困惑，我告诉她我也不知道，我就是很怕英语。然后她叫我去看英语电影和听英语歌曲。刚开始，我爱上了英语歌，我学着去唱，我发现我能记住越来越多的词。我也对电影很感兴趣，我能学到本土的词汇。有了兴趣，我进步很大，再也不害怕英语了。兴趣是最好的老师。
教师节 Teachers’ Day
Now September is coming, it is known to all that there will be an important day for the teachers, Teachers’ Day is on September 10th, it is a day to show honor to the teachers.As a student, I will always make some plans for that day, I want to show my gratitude to my teachers, for they have taught me so much, they not only teach me knowledge on the books, but also show me how to be a nice person.What they teach me will lead me move on all the time.I will write a card to them, because students don’t earn money, so I won’t waste so much money to buy things, what’s more, my teachers will know my sincere.现在九月份就要来临了，众所周知，九月份里会有一个对于教师来说很重要的节日，教师节就在九月十号，这一天是为了向教师们表示尊敬。作为一名学生，我总会在那一天做一些计划，我想要向我的老师表示感谢，因为他们教会了我很多，不仅传授了我书本上的知识，同时也向我展示如何成为一名好人。他们所教的将会引导我一直前进。我会写一张卡片给他们，因为学生没有钱，所以我也不会花费很多钱来买东西，而且，我的老师会知道我的诚意。
我的课余生活 My Life After Class As I am in primary school now, I have class from Monday to Friday, so I am busy with my study, I don’t have much time to play.My life after class is enriched, one the one hand, I need to finish my homework, this is the first thing I need to do, only when I finish my homework, will I go to play with my friends happily.On the other hand, I will ask my friends to go out for fun or I just stay at my bedroom to play computer games.I am so satisfied with myself, because I study hard and play hard.As a student, I need to study, at the same time, I also need to enjoy my childhood.如今我正在读初中，我从星期一到星期五都有课，因此我忙于学习，没有很多的时间玩耍。我的课余生活很丰富，一方面，我需要完成我的作业，这是我需要做的第一件事情，只有当我完成了作业，才会和朋友们玩得开心。另一方面，我会叫朋友们出去玩，或者我就呆在房间里玩电脑游戏。我对自己感到满意，因为我努力学习，玩得也开心。作为一个学生，我需要学习，同时，我也需要享受我的童年。
多交朋友 Making More Friends I like to make friends, I can share my happiness and sorrow with friends.Friends are very important part of our lives, without them, I will be very lonely.I learn it when I was very small.It was Friday, I went to school to join the English contest, before I went into the classroom, I found I did not bring the admission card, I felt so worried, without admission card, I could not walk into the classroom.My friend Li looked at me and asked me what happened, I told him the truth, then he asked me to stay here and he rushed to our classroom.Ten minutes later, he came back with my admission card.I was so thankful, friends are very important.我喜欢交朋友，我可以和朋友们分享我的喜怒和哀乐。朋友是我们生活中很重要的一部分，没有朋友，我会感到很孤单。我在很小的时候就学到了这点。那是星期五，我去学校参加了英语竞赛，在我走进教室之前，我发现我没有带准考证，我感到很担忧，没有准考证，我就不能走进教室。我的朋友李看着我，问我发生了什么事情，我告诉他事实，然后他叫我留在原地，他跑去了我们的教室。十分钟以后，他回来了，带着我的准考证。我很感激，朋友是很重要的。
我长大了 I Have Grown Up The new year is coming, it means that I am older, I am not the little girl any more, I must make something different from the old me.Before, I was so lazy to do the housework, when my mother asked me to do it, I would make some excuses and then ran away.Now I need to learn to take some responsibility, I should share the housework and relieve my mother’s burden.The new year gives me the new task, I must learn to broaden my vision and gain the knowledge, so that I can make some progress.I am so happy that I am older and grow up, I want to become mature and let my parents be proud of me.新的一年到来了，这意味着我老了一点，我不再是个小女孩，我必须比以前的我有所作为。以前，我很懒于做家务，当妈妈叫我去做的时候，我会找一些借口，然后逃跑。如今我需要学着去担当责任，我应该分享家务，减轻妈妈的负担。新的一年给予我新的任务，我必须开阔眼界，增长知识，这样才能有所进步。我很高兴我变的年长了，也长大了，我想要变得成熟，让父母为我骄傲。
分担家务 Sharing Housework Mother is always the greatest person in the family, because she takes care of everything, she does all the housework, though she is a housewife, what she is so heavy and great.I nearly help my mother to do the housework, when I go home after school, I always go out to play with my friend and then until the dinner, I will come back.Now as I grow up, I start to realize that I need to help my mother, I should share some housework, so that I can reduce her burden.Since I help my mother with the housework, she looks so happy, she will praise me in front of her friends.I feel proud of myself.妈妈总是家里面最伟大的人，因此她照料着家里的一切，她做了所有的家务，虽然她是一个家庭主妇，但是她所做的繁重而伟大。我几乎不怎么帮她做家务，当我放学回家后，我总是出去和我的朋友玩，然后直到晚饭时间，我才回来。现在我长大了，我开始意识到我需要帮助妈妈，我应该分享家务，这样就能减少她的负担。自从我帮助妈妈做家务，她看起来很开心，她会在她朋友面前表扬我。我为自己感到自豪。
第二篇：英汉翻译
大家来详细看几句***在APEC工商领导人峰会上的开幕演讲
1.山明水净夜来霜，数树深红出浅黄。
The water is clear and the mountain is bright, the frost comes in at night;Trees are covered with deep scarlet, leaves mixed with yellow that is light.2.亚洲各国就像一盏盏明灯，只有串联并联起来，才能让亚洲的夜空灯火辉煌。
Asian countries are just like a cluster of bright lanterns.Only when we link them together, can we light up the night sky in our continent.3.志存高远，脚踏实地。
Aspire for high and grand while planting our feet firmly on the ground.4.应该变赢者通吃为各方共赢，共同做大亚太发展的蛋糕。
We should replace the “winner-take-all” mentality with an all-win approach and work together for great development and prosperity of our region.5.生活从不眷顾因循守旧、满足现状者，而将更多机遇留给勇于和善于改革创新的人们。
Life never favors those who always follow the beaten path and content themselves with the status quo.Instead, life saves opportunities for people who are willing and able to reform and innovate.6.如果说创新是中国发展的新引擎，那么改革就是必不可少的点火器。
If innovation is the new engine for China's development, reform is the indispensable igniter.
第三篇：英汉翻译
英语十一种“钱”的表达方法
初学英语的人，常用expense来表示一切“费用”。其实expense主要是“花费”、“开
支”之意，如current expenses“日常开支”，selling expenses“销售费用”，trav elling expenses“旅费”等等。在现实生活中，各种“费用”有各种不同的表达法:
一、admission(n.)指入场费。
如：admission by ticket only凭票入场
二、charge(n.)“原价、要价”。
常用复数，主要用于一次性劳务所收取的费用，如服务费、行李超重费、旅馆费等
等。
如：what are the charges in the hotel?
这家旅馆收费多少？
三、cost(n.)本义为“成本”、“原价”。
常常用来表示对已取得的货物或劳务所支付的费用。
如：the cost of seeing a movie is seven dollars.看一场电影要花七美元。
四、fare(n.)指旅客乘公共汽车、出租车、火车、轮船、飞机等所支付的费用。
如：all fares, please.(公共汽车售票员用语)请买票。
五、fee(n.)医生、律师或其它专门职业的佣金及会费、手续费、停车费等。
如：my lawyer's hourly fee is 130 dollars.我的律师的佣金是每小时130美元。
六、freight(n.)运费，指海运、空运、陆运的费用。
如：who will pay the freight on this order? 谁支付这批定货的运费？
七、postage(n.)指邮费。
如：how much postage do i need to send this package?寄这个包裹须付多少钱
？
八、rent(n.土地、建筑物、房舍、机器等定期的租费。
如：the student owed three months’rent for my house.那学生欠我三个月的房 租。
九、tip(n.)小费。
如：i gave my barber a fat tip.我给理发师优厚的小费。
十、toll(n.)道路、桥梁、港口、市场的捐税、通行费及电话费等。
如：this month i had to pay 200 yuan toll call.这个月我要缴200元的电话费。
十一、tuition(n.)学费。
如：john took out a loan to pay his tuition.约翰贷款交付学费
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体育英语表达知多少？
一、运动会的名称
the Olympic Games奥运会
the Asian Games亚运会
National Games全运会
二、参赛的运动项目
1．Football 足球
the World Cup Soccer Championship世界杯足球锦标赛，soccer fans 足球迷，soccer hooligans 足球流氓，referee 主裁判，assistant referee（linesman）边裁（巡边员），goalkeeper守门员，halfback中卫，fullback后卫，wing边锋，forward 前锋，midfielder 中场球员，thump 劲射，penetration 突破，header 头球，pass-back 回传，dummy 假动作，tripping 绊人犯规，intentional kicking 故意踢人，handball 手球，free kick 任意球，corner kick 角球，ejection 被罚出场，penalty kick 罚点球，offside 越位，yellow card warning 黄牌警告，red card penalty 红牌判罚出场。
2．Basketball 篮球
referee 主裁判，umpire 裁判，basket and support 球篮和篮架，rim（hoop basket）篮圈，lay-up 上篮，shoot a basket 投篮，rebound 篮板球，control the rebound 控制篮板球，dribble 运球，scramble for the basketball 抢球，pass the ball 传球，bounce pass 反弹传球，behind the back pass 背后传球，snap pass 快速传球，drive to the basket 持续突破。
3．Table Tennis 乒乓球
singles 单打，men's singles男子单打，women's singles女子单打，doubles双打，mixed doubles 男女混合双打，serve the ball 发球，backhand drive 反手抽球，drive 抽球，forehand 正手击球，top-spin 上旋球，under-spin 下旋球，side-spin 侧旋球，loop 弧圈球，combine long drives with drop shots 长抽短吊，defensive player 防守型选手，attacking player 进攻型选手。
4．Gymnastics 体操
gymnastics exhibition 体操表演，floor exercise 自由体操，horizontal bar 单杠，parallel bars 双杠，pommels horse 鞍马，balance beam平衡木，rings 吊环，uneven bars 高低杠。
5．Field Events 田赛
the long（broad）jump 跳远，the jumping pit 跳远的沙坑，the high jump 跳高，the triple jump 三级跳远，shot put 掷铅球，discus throw 掷铁饼。
6．Track Events 径赛项目
100-meter dash 100米赛，400-meter race 400米赛，long distance races 长跑，relay race接力赛，baton 接力棒，4×100-meter relay race 4×100接力赛，sprint 短跑，sprinter 短跑运动员，distance runners 长跑运动员，hur-dlers 跨栏运动员。
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Nice 2006-10-08 16:59 新闻英语标题的特点•省略
有的读者读英语报刊，心中无数，东翻翻，西看看，总想挑容易的文章读。一篇文章刚看了个头，一碰到生词，马上换一篇。如此这般，换了六、七篇，还没确定读哪篇。那么，应该怎么读？首先要有准备地阅读，如先大致了解一下某报各版的主要内容，然后按照自己的兴趣或事先拟订的阅读计划，选定一个版面，有选择地阅读。
如果碰到生词，也要坚定地读下去。要知道，对于初、中等英语水平的读者，英语报刊文章很少会不出现生词。其次要有步骤地阅读。一般应先读标题，但由于标题（headline）短而精，不太好懂，不少读者常常绕开它。这是不明智的。一份英文报纸少则10至20版，多则数百版。读者一般时间有限，谁都不可能像读课文或看小说那样从头至尾一字不漏地通读一遍。我们拿起一份报纸总想迅速找到当天的报道重点或个人感兴趣的新闻和文章。怎样寻找呢？这就需要找个“向导”作介绍。显然，新闻标题就是十分理想的“向导”。这是因为标题是新闻内容的集中和概括，它用简练的文字浓缩了新闻中最主要或最值得注意的内容。英语新闻标题的措词、语法、修辞乃至标点符号等方面的特点较为突出，现一一予以简述。1．省略标题是新闻不可分割的组成部分。阅读英语报纸的新闻标题是我们学习阅读英语报刊的第一步。这么说绝无夸张之意，从语法角度来看，英语新闻标题有其一套独特的语法体系，与人们平时常见的英语句子语法有所不同，新闻英语学者称之为“标题语言”（headlines）。其中，标题中虚词的省略就是它的重要特点之一。一般而言，标题中虚词省略现象主要表现在以下几个方面：1）冠词基本省略。例如：
TENTH OF BRITISH MACKEREL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED（＝A TENTH OF THE BRITISH MACKEEL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED）
英国捕获鳍鱼一成碾为饲料THREE G0RGES FLOODED BY 'FAREWELL' TOURISTS（＝THE THREE GORGES FLOODED BY 'FAREWELL' TOURISTS）惜别之情难以挡游客蜂拥至三峡2）联系动词通常省略。例如： THREE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS
（＝THREE ARE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS）
吸入炉灶煤气三人窒息身亡CLINTON INAUGURATION MOST EXPENSIVE EVER（＝CLINTON INAUGURATI0N IS M0ST EXPENSIVE EVER）克氏就职典礼花费空前巨大3）助动词通常省略。例如： FINANCIER KILLED BY BURGLARS（＝A FINANCIER IS KILLED BY BURGLARS）
夜毛贼入室金融家遇害POPE TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY（＝POPE IS TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY）教皇拟于二月访日 INDIA MENDING FENCES（＝INDIA IS MENDING FENCES）
印度正在改善与邻国的关系4）连词通常省略，并用逗号代替。例如：
US，VIETNAM RESUME TALKS（＝US AND VIETNAM RESUME TALKS）
美越恢复会谈NBC'S PRESIDENT ROBERT WRIGHT SEEKS BIG ACQUISITI0NS，VENTURES FOR THE NETWORK（=NBC'S PRESIDENT ROBERT WRIGHT SEEKS BIG ACQUISTIONS AND VENTURES FOR THE NETWORK）
“强有力的伙伴”+“可观的投资”——罗伯特董事长为NBC网络扩展而奔走此外，英语新闻标题还经常省去介词、代词等，这些词的省略并不妨碍读者的理解。
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Conferences 各类会议术语
assembly 大会 convention 会议 party 晚会, 社交性宴会 at-home party 家庭宴会 tea party 茶会
dinner party 晚餐会 garden party 游园会 dance(party), ball, fandango 舞会 reading party 读书会 fishing party 钓鱼会 sketching party 观剧会 birthday party 生日宴会 Christmas party 圣诞晚会 luncheon party 午餐会 fancy ball 化妆舞会
commemorative party 纪念宴会
wedding dinner, a wedding reception 结婚宴会 banquet 酒宴
pajama party 睡衣派对 buffet party 立食宴会 cocktail party 鸡尾酒会 welcome meeting 欢迎会 farewell party 惜别会
pink tea 公式茶会
new years's banquet 新年会 year-end dinner party 忘年餐会 box supper 慈善餐会 fancy fair 义卖场
general meeting, general assembly 会员大会 congress 代表大会
board of directors 董事会
executive council, executive board 执行委员会 standing body 常设机构
committee, commission 委员会
subcommittee 附属委员会,小组委员会
general committee, general officers, general bureau 总务委员会 secretariat 秘书处
budget committee 预算委员会 drafting committee 起草委员会
committee of experts 专家委员会
advisory committee, consultative committee 顾问委员会,咨询委员会 symposium 讨论会
study group 学习研讨会 seminar 讲习会,学习讨论会
meeting in camera 秘密会议(美作:executive session)opening sitting 开幕会 final sitting 闭幕会 formal sitting 隆重开会
plenary meeting 全会
sitting, meeting 开会(美作:session)session 会期,会议期间(美作:meeting)working party 工作小组
seat, headquarters 席位 governing body 主管团体 round table 圆桌
to sit a meeting, to meet a meeting, to hold a meeting 召开会议--------------------hall 大会 rostrum 讲台 public gallery 旁听席 notice board 布告牌 to convene, to convoke 召开 convocation 会议
standing orders, by-laws 议事程序 rules of procedure 议事规则 constitution, statutes 章程 procedure 程序 agenda 议程
timetable, schedule 日程表,时刻表 item on the agenda 议程项目 other business 其他事项 to place on the agenda 列入议程 working paper 工作文件 opening 开幕
the sitting is open 会议开幕 appointment 任命 to appoint 任命,委派
speaker 报告人
to make a speech, to deliver a speech 做报告 to ask for the floor 要求发言
to give the floor to 同意...发言(美作:to recognize)to take the floor, to address the meeting 发言 declaration, statement 声明
Am I in order? 我这样做符合议程规定吗? call to order 要求遵守秩序
to raise a point of order 提出关于议程的问题 general debate 长时间的讨论 receivability 可以接受,可接纳 stand 立场,主张
consensus 意见
advisory opinion 顾问意见 proposal 建议
to table a proposal 提出建议 clarification 澄清 comment 评论
to second, to support 赞成 to adopt 通过
to oppose 反对
to raise an objection 提出异议
to move an amendment 提出修正案 to amend 修正
second reading(法案、议案的)二读 substantive motion 实质性的动议 decision 决定 ruling 裁决 to reject 拒绝,驳回 resolution 决议
draft resolution 决议草案,提案 first draft, preliminary draft 草案初稿 whereases 正式文件的开场白,前言 motivations 表明动机 operative part 生效部分 report 报告
factual report 事实报告 minutes, record 记录 summary record 摘要纪录 verbatim record 逐字纪录
memorandum 备忘录
to postpone, to adjourn, to put off 推迟,延期 closure 闭幕式
closing speech 闭幕词
to adjourn the meeting, to close the meeting 散会---------------------member 成员
membership 成员资格
member as of right 法定代表 life member 终身成员
full-fledged member 全权代表 head of delegation 代表团团长 permanent delegate 常驻代表 representative 代表
alternate, substitute 副代表 observer 观察员
technical adviser 技术顾问 auditor 审计员 office 职务
holder of an office 职称
honorary president 名誉主席 chairman 主席
presidency, chairmanship, chair 主席团 interim chairman 临时主席
vice-president, vice-chairman 副主席 rapporteur 文书,秘书
former chairman 前主席(美作:past chairman)director general 局长,处长
deputy director general 副局长,副处长 secretary general 秘书长 executive secretary 执行秘书 treasurer 司库 officials 官员 consultant 顾问 precis writer 记录(员)full powers 全权 to chair 主持
terms of reference 职权范围 with a right to vote 有表决权 ushers 招待
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英语翻译训练方法
英语翻译训练方法之——科技英语的特点与翻译
任何作品均有特定的文体，原文的文体不同，翻译方法也随之而异。试观察下列几个片断的原文及其译文
“It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job.” “A wonderful job.” “Are you going to take it ?” “I don't think so.” “Why not?' ”I don't want to.“ ”听说有个很好的工作要你去干。“ ”挺好的工作“。”打算干吗？“ ”不。“ ”为什么不干？“ ”不想干“。摘自《刀锋》（The Razor's Edge）
这是小说中的一段对说，属于口语文体。其特点是：用词自由，句法结构简单，短句与省略句多，自然朴素，生活气息浓厚。在译文中进一步体现汉语口语的特点，省去主语”你“、”我“；将英语的一个句子I don't think so.干脆译成一个字”不“，显得简洁有力。
She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner.Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。
摘自（珍妮姑娘）（Jennie Gerhardt）,傅东华译.上面五十一个词的片断,就运用了十个形容词,占五分之一。”and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress“是非常优美生动的文学语言，译文保持了一风格。
MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four-point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.[蒙特利尔电]在全国手球联赛中克拉克约翰斯今晚初试锋芒，引起轰动。上半场领先四分，首开记录。克拉克发挥中坚作用，约翰逊市高帽队终以6:4击败蒙特利尔市小鸭队，创造了连胜八场未负一场的战绩。
这是属于应用文的新闻文体，其特点是简明扼要，短小精悍，结构紧凑，笔锋犀利。上述这则电讯只有一个句子，却把一场球赛描绘得淋漓尽致，富于吸引力。
The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The fullscale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter.从上述的一段科技文章，不难看出其文体与修辞手段与前面列举的文艺小说，新闻报道等迥然不同。科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下：
一、大量使用名词化结构
《当代英语语法》（A Grammar of Contemporary）在论述科技英语时提出，大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。
Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。
句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。
名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。
If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss.Can be considerably reduced.炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。
科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。
Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而”谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。
二、广泛使用被动语句
根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine.你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。
We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium.We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance.It is measured in farads.电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，其储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。这一段短文中各句的主语分别为： Electrical energy Such a device
Its ability to store electrical energy
It(Capacitance)它们都包含了较多的信息，并且处于句首的位置，非常醒目。四个主语完全不同，避免了单调重复，前后连贯，自然流畅。足见被动结构可收简洁客观之效。
三、非限定动词。
如前所述，科技文章要求行文简练，结构紧凑，为此，往往使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句；使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不定式短语代替各种从句；介词十动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句。这样可缩短句子，又比较醒目。试比较下列各组句子。
A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。
Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。
A body can more uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that motion.如果没有改变物体运动的原因，那么物体将作匀速直线运动。
Vibrating objects produce sound waves ,each vibration producing one sound wave.振动着的物体产生声波，每一次振动产生一个声波。
In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another.在通讯系统中，电子学要解决的问题是如何把信息从一个地方传递到另一个地方。Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.结构材料的选择应使其在外界条件中保持其弹性。
There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式有各种不同的方法。
In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn ,messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.使无线电波依次对每一个声音作出相应变化时，信息就由广播电台传递到接收机。
四、后置定语
大量使用后置定语也是科技文章的特点之一。常见的结构不以下五种：
1、介词短语
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.由于摩擦而产生的力称之为摩擦力。A call for paper is now being issued.征集论文的通知现正陆续发出。
2、形容词及形容词短语。
In this factory the only fuel available is coal.该厂唯一可用的燃料是煤。
In radiation ,thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy ,similar in nature to light.热能在辐射时，转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。
3、副词
The air outside pressed the side in.外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。
The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。
4、单个分词，但仍保持校强的动词意义。The results obtained must be cheeked.获得的结果必须加以校核
The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.产生的热量等于浪费了的电能。
5、定语从句
During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.在施工过程中，常会出现需要改变设计的问题。
The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between them.分子相互间都存在着力的作用，该力的大小取决于它们之间的距离。
Very wonderful changes in matter take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.(定语从句to which we pay little attention 修饰的是changes,这是一种分隔定语从句。)我们几乎没有注意的很奇异的物质变化每天都在眼前发生。
To make an atomic bomb we have to use uranium 235,in which all the atoms are available for fission.制造原子弹，我们必须用铀235，因为轴的所有原子都会裂变。
五、常用句型
科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。例如It---that---结构句型；被动态结构句型；结构句型，分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。举例如下：
It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one.显然，润滑好的轴承，比不润滑的轴承容易转动。
It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的。
It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。Computers may be classified as analog and digital.计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。
The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。（或---缩短为三分之一。）This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here.人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的合金钢。Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light.电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。
Microcomputers are very small in size ,as is shown in Fig.5.如图5所示，微型计算机体积很小。
In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air.声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy.氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。
The resistance being very high ,the current in the circuit was low.由于电阻很大，电路中通过的电流就小。Ice keeps the same temperature while melting.冰在溶化时，其温度保持不变。
An object, once in motion ,will keep on moving because of its inertia.物体一旦运动，就会因惯性而持续运动。
All substances ,whether gaseous ,liquid or solid ,are made of atoms.一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。
六、长句
为了表述一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密，结构紧凑，科技文章中往往出现许多长句。有的长句多达七八个词，以下即是一例。
The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations ,and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性质的介质。这种子尝试的结果，最初曾使人们了解到一种能传输横向振动的具有上述假定所以认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。
七、复合词与缩略词
大量使用复合词与缩略词是科技文章的特点之一，复合词从过去的双词组合发展到多词组合；缩略词趋向于任意构词，例如某一篇论文的作者可以就仅在该文中使用的术语组成缩略词，这给翻译工作带来一定的困难。例如： full-enclosed 全封闭的（双词合成形容词）feed-back反馈（双词合成名词）work-harden 加工硬化（双词合成词）
criss-cross交叉着（双词合成副词）
on-and-off-the-road路面越野两用的（多词合成形容词）
anti-armoured-fighting-vehicle-missile反装甲车导弹（多词合成名词）radiophotography无线电传真（无连字符复合词）colorimeter色度计（无连字符复合词）maths(mathematics)数学（裁减式缩略词）lab(laboratory)实验室 ft(foot/feet)英尺
cpd(compound)化合物
FM(frequency modulation)调频（用首字母组成的缩略词）P.S.I.(pounds per square inch)磅/英寸
SCR(silicon controlled rectifier)可控硅整流器 TELESAT(telecommunications satellite)通信卫星（混成法构成的缩略词）
根据上述的科技文章的物占，在翻译过程中就要注意各种不同的翻译技巧与方法。例如被动 态的译法、长句的处理方法、倍数的译法等等。
第四篇：英汉翻译经典题目
Translation Conclusion
Unit 1 stories
1.He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝, 留给他的是衰老和幻灭.2.average height 普通高度 3.gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉
4.in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄
5.ignoring the chair offered him, Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调, 说明自己的身份和经历: 他怎样逃出云南, 怎样会见孙中山, 怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝, 怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲.6.When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.两位来客把经历说完后,周恩来微笑着说,他可以帮他们找到住的地方,替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续, 在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前,暂时作候补党员.7.Chinese Communist Party
中国共产党
8.两条要求, 忠实------内容, 通顺-------语言
9.Several times on his trips to China, which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government, Bill's birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.以中国官方客人的身份, 比尔来访中国已多次了, 而且在北京停留期间恰适他生日也有好几次了.10.„ This is for you,' Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget----such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation.Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River.He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“这是为你安排的.” 这句话比尔.莫诺听到过好几次, 每一次都令他难以忘怀.有一次, 他沿大运河乘船顺水而下,途经的每艘船都鸣笛致敬.还有一次, 他参观雄伟的南京长江大桥------以前没桥时, 要靠轮渡托载火车横渡长江.夜幕渐渐降临了, 他被安排坐下,并被告知稍坐等候, 然后突然间, 整个桥身被灯光勾画出了一个清晰的轮廊.11.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sulliven, came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的记忆里, 安妮.曼斯匪尔德.沙利文教师来的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子.从这一天开始, 我的生活与以前迥然不同, 一想到这一点, 我就感到非常兴奋.12.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.那天下午,我一声不响, 怀着期待的心情站在门廊里.13.Have you been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in ,and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was.“ light!Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.不知你是否有过这样的经历---在海上航行遇上了大雾,周围一片白,好像着实把你关在一个黑暗的地方,大船上的人又紧张又着急, 一面用铅锤探测深浅,一面向岸边慢慢驶去, 你的心也怦怦直跳,生怕出事.我在开始受教育之前, 就像这样一条船, 只是没有罗盘, 没有测探绳, 也无法知道离海港有多远.“光明!给我光明!” 这就是发自我内心深处的无言的呼唤, 也就在这时候, 爱心的光芒照到了我的身上.14.Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.有个人握住了我的手, 于是我被抱了起来, 紧紧地抈在了她的怀里.正是她来到我的身边, 将一切展切在我面前, 更重要的是, 是她将爱带给了我。
15.monkey-like imitation.猴子模仿似的16.In the days that followed, I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk.接下来的几天里, 我在根本不知自己在做什么样情况下,学会了拼好些单词, 比如PIN, HAT, CUP 及一些动词, 如SIT, STAND AND WALK.17.That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me.On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces, I tried vainly to put them together.那是因为我正用一种刚刚获得的全新而奇特的视角来看待一切事物.进屋时,我想起了被我弄坏的那个娃娃.我摸索着来到壁炉前, 拾起那些碎片, 试图将它们拼接在一起, 却没办到.18.it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.当那感概万千的一天快要结束时, 我躺在自己的小床里, 感受这一天带给我的那些快乐, 我觉得没有人比我更幸福了.一生中第一次,我期待着新一天的来临.19.一切旧的传统观念, 一切阻止社会进步和人性发展的不合理的制度.All outmoded traditional thinking;any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.20.我觉得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心, 又觉得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的笔为自己伸冤一样.I felt as if my mind was being whipped, as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.21.另一个地方
On another occasion.22.长得好看的人用不着浓妆艳抹, 而我的文章就像一个丑八怪, 不打扮, 看起来倒还顺眼些.Physically attractive people don't need heavy make-up.Though my writing resembles an ugly monster, it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.22.我最恨那些盗名欺世, 欺骗读者的谎言。
This means I oppose fabrication, deception and flowery language.What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.23.就学习英语而言，有三个方面值得注意：拼法正确，合乎用法---一个词怎么用，和哪个词连用，很有讲究。句子平稳—合乎语法。
第五篇：英汉翻译心得体会
英汉翻译心得体会
英语1101
袁立冬
111001116 经过一个学期的学习，我们即将结束《英汉翻译教程》的学习。通过学习，我又掌握了一门新的英语学习技能，也初步了解了英汉翻译的基本要求与要领。简而言之，就是获益匪浅。
英汉翻译是一门建立在综合能力基础之上的学科，囊括了全方位的知识以及中西文化的差异。不管是对个人能力以及日常积累都有较高的要求。前我一直有一种误区：认为只要掌握大量的词汇，翻译起来就会很容易，认为翻译只不过是把大量的词汇拼接连接在一起。可是当我真正接触到这门课程时惊觉自己原来的思维是有多么的狭隘。当翻译一句话时，我根本不知道该怎么组合。勉强组合在一块时不是错误百出，就是很Chinglish.首先，英汉翻译应遵循“忠实，通顺”的标准。所谓忠实，就是忠实于原文的内容。由于中西文化之间存在的巨大差异，一句英文在欧美人看起来顺理成章，而在我们中国人看起来就会极其别扭。我们就会在翻译过程中不自觉的用上自己的思维，因而改变了原文的意思破坏了原文的风格。通顺就是指原文语言必须通俗易懂，符合规范。译文必须通顺，避免死译，硬译，符合规范。把原文的内容适当的表达出来，既不能改变扭曲，也不能增加或删减。如“He is seriously ill”.就译为：“他病得很厉害”。有人为了追求汉语的“漂亮”译为“他苟延残喘”，这就得不偿失了。
其次，翻译分为三个阶段：理解，表达，和校核。准确理解原文所要表达的意思，注意上下文的关系在翻译过程中是至关重要的。在翻译时采取直译或者意译两种方式。有时在翻译过程中我们也可以直译和意译结合起来使用。主要取决与具体的情景。校核也是一个非常重要的过程，不可忽视。即在翻译时要经过反复的推敲，已到达最好效果的翻译。
翻译不是一朝一夕就能做到做好的事。我们在日常学习中必须注重积累有关英译汉方面的知识以及基本方法。了解基本英汉语言对比（词法和句法）。通过对比，掌握两种语言各自的特点，以及所对应的意思，在翻译的时候才能得心应手的运用。避免造成错用，误用，闹出笑话。需要注意的是随着语言的发展，很多英语单词已经不再紧紧局限于其原有的意思，更有了扩展。这就要求我们积极扩充自己的积累。同时，我还学习掌握了英译汉时常用的方法和技巧。如：增词法，重复法，省略法，以及词义的转义等等。还有关于各种不同句型的不同翻译方式。如定语从句，被动语态，状语从句等等，这些在书本上都有系统的介绍。我们在日常练习的时候也要避免为了做题而做题，要在过程中学会理解，应用这些方法。
我还体会到理解和翻译并不是一回事，几个人的理解相同，翻译成的文字 风格可以是不同的。通过学习，我了解到可以直译的就直译，只要把词序调整一 下，保证通顺，不致引起误解就好。如果不能直译，可凭借各种翻译技巧，在不 偏离原文意思的前提下，对句子的结构作一些变动。方法也好，技巧也好，都是为忠实、通顺地再现原作这个目的服务的，其功效自不待言，但并非万应灵药。任何方法在应用中都有其限度，过犹不及。如果一味死搬教条，盲目遵照翻译的规则，过分依赖这些翻译的技巧，最终只会落得个邯郸学步的结果。优秀的翻译者会在在实践中经常数法并用，因人因文而异，并无一定之规，主要靠自己不断实践、不断总结经验和不断提高理论水平，才能最终达到得心应手、曲尽其妙的境界。
经过学习，我确实获得了不少的进步以及在本学期的翻译学习中，我们获得了翻译专业应具备的一项技能，也对下学期的汉英翻译学习有了初步的计划和想法，以后学起来的时候亦不会无从下手。我相信我在今后的翻译道路更加宽阔平坦，我会再今后的学习中，不断总结经验技巧，是这些宝贵经验成为翻译学习的宝贵财富，力争做一名合格的英语人。
我也知道只是经过这学期的学习，我还有很多缺失以及不足的对地方。像中西文化这方面我就做的不是很好，经常在翻译时会弄不清具体的背景知识而做出错误的译文。翻译的时候也会出现措辞不当的现象。我还需要继续的加深关于这方面的知识。翻译不像我想象中的那么简单，但是也不是高不可攀。最重要的是要保持一颗积极学习进取的心，无论何时何地不能失去对翻译的热情。只有这样，才能在日后的学习中遇到困难时有勇气克服它。翻译本就是一个需要不断探索，积累，应运的过程。我有信心在未来的学习中会越走越远，越做越好！！另外，在此对我们的吴老师表示衷心的感谢，谢谢您的陪伴以及指导！！
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