第一篇：英汉翻译6
奥巴马《勇往直前》第一章（6）原创中英对照
It was Bill Clinton’s singularcontribution that he tried to transcend this deadlock,recognizing not only that what had come to be meant by the labelsof “conservative” and “liberal” played to Republican advantage, butthat the categories were inadequate to address the problems wefaced.At times during his first campaign, his gestures towarddisaffected Reagan Democrats could seem clumsy and transparent(what ever happened to Sister Souljah?)or frighteninglycoldhearted(allowing the execution of a mentally retarded deathrow inmate to go forward on the eve of an important primary).Inthe first two years of his presidency, he would be toabandon some core elements of his platform—universal health care,aggressive investment in education and training—that might havemore decisively reversed the long-term trends that were underminingthe position of working families in the new economy.克林顿（BillClinton）总统一人独辟蹊径，试图打破这种意识形态的僵局，他认识到在政客身上打上“保守派”和“自由派”的标签渐渐趋向有利于共和党，也发现了解决我们面对的问题的手段不足。在他第一次竞选总统时，他在处理愤愤不平的民主党里根支持者（传统上是民主党人，特别是北方的白人工人阶级，但在里根竞选总统时投票给共和党）的手法上显得有些笨拙和直率（索尔嘉妹妹是怎么啦？1992年克林顿在竞选时严厉谴责政治立场激进而且喜好饶舌的女歌星SisterSouljah，并因此而赢得了中间选民的支持），或者是令人寒心的冷淡无情（在重要的初选前夕提前对一个智障精神病的死囚执行死刑）。在总统任期的前2年，他被迫放弃了自己政治纲领中的一些核心原则——全民卫生保健计划，对教育和培训的积极投资——因此可能导致决定性地颠倒了美国长期发展趋势，这种趋势正在削弱新经济体中工作家庭的地位。
Still, he instinctively understoodthe falseness of the choices being presented to the Americanpeople.He saw that government spending and regulation could, ifproperly designed, serve as vital ingredients and not inhibitors toeconomic growth, and how markets and fiscal discipline could helppromote social justice.He recognized that not only societalresponsibility but personal responsibility was needed to combatpoverty.In his platform—if not always in his day-to-daypolitics—Clinton’s Third Way went beyond splitting the difference.It tapped into the pragmatic, nonideological attitude of themajority of Americans.但，他本能地意识到这是个错误的选择，他注意到如果能够合理安排政府开支和政府规章的话，会成为经济的发展中至关重要的因素而且不会产生抑制作用，市场和财政自律能够有助于促进社会公平。他认识到扫除贫穷不仅是社会机构的责任，也是每个人的责任。在克林顿总统的政治纲领中——并不一定呈现于他每日的政治活动中——他的第三条路线政策（ThirdWay，是介于自由放任资本主义和福利国家之间的一种发展模式。由于它与里根以前的自由主义政策以及里根后的保守主义政策都不一样，故称之为第三条道路）远不仅仅是折中路线。它迎合了注重实效的、无意识形态的大多数美国人的性情。
Indeed, by the end of hispresidency, Clinton’s policies—recognizably progressive if modestin their goals—enjoyed broad public support.Politically, he hadwrung out of the Democratic Party some of the excesses that hadkept it from winning elections.That he failed, despite a boomingeconomy, to translate popular policies into anything resembling agoverning coalition said something about the demographicdifficulties Democrats were facing(in particular, the shift inpopulation growth to an increasingly solid Republican South)andthe structural advantages the Republicans enjoyed in the Senate,where the votes of two Republican senators from Wyoming, population493,782, equaled the votes of two Democratic senators fromCalifornia, population 33,871,648.实际上，在他总统任期结束时，克林顿的政策——如果谦虚一点地说，被公认为进步策略——得到了广大民众的支持。从政治上来说，为了竞选胜利，他削弱了某些民主党的政治优势。在这方面他失败了，尽管国家经济繁荣，但是将受欢迎的政策转变为两党治理联合的形式，说明民主党正在面临着人口分布带来的难题（特别是，人口增长使得共和党南方阵营日益稳固），并且共和党在国会享有组织结构优势，因为在国会中，两张来自怀俄明州（人口49万3782）共和党参议员的投票与两张来自加州（人口3387万1648）民主党参议员的投票具有相同的效力。
But that failure also testified tothe skill with which Gingrich, Rove, Norquist, and the like wereable to consolidate and institutionalize the conservative movement.They tapped the unlimited resources of corporate sponsors andwealthy donors to create a network of think tanks and mediaoutlets.They brought state-of-the-art technology to the task ofmobilizing their base, and centralized power in the House ofRepresentatives in order to enhance party discipline.但是这方面的失败也是拜金里奇,罗夫和罗奎斯特等人的所赐，他们有能力巩固并制度化保守党的政治运动。他们利用企业赞助者和富有捐赠者的无限资源建造了一个政治智囊团和媒体渠道的网络。他们应用这种艺术级别的政治活动方式来动员基层党员，而且为了加强党纪，将众议院的权力集中化。
And they understood the threatClinton posed to their vision of a long-term conservative majority,which helps explain the vehemence with which they went after him.It also explains why they invested so much time attacking Clinton’smorality, for if Clinton’s policies were hardly radical, hisbiography(the draft letter saga, the marijuana puffing, the IvyLeague intellectualism, the professional wife who didn’t bakecookies, and most of all the sex)proved perfect grist for theconservative base.With enough repetition, a looseness with thefacts, and the ultimately undeniable evidence of the President’sown personal lapses, Clinton could be made to embody the verytraits of sixties liberalism that had helped spur the conservativemovement in the first place.Clinton may have fought that movementto a draw, but the movement would come out stronger for it—and inGeorge W.Bush’s first term, that movement would take over theUnited States government.而且他们也明白克林顿总统对长期占据议会中多数席位的共和党所形成的威胁，这也解释了为何他们如此热衷于对付克林顿。这同样解释了为何他们花了如此多时间攻击克林顿的道德问题。因为，如果他们在克林顿的政策上找不出什么毛病，那克林顿的自传（当逃兵，吸食大麻，在名牌大学习得的理智主义，从政的老婆从不下厨，最糟糕的是性丑闻）则被证明对共和党阵营十分有利。他们将材料复制足够多份，对事件进行添油加醋，还有在根本上不可否认的克林顿自身行为不检的证据，最后结论是在克林顿身上体现了60年代自由主义的明显特征，而恰恰是60年代的自由主义在最初刺激了保守党政治活动。虽然克林顿在当时也许和这个运动团体打成个平手，但他们经过这事后变得更强大了——在小布什的第一任总统任期，这个运动团体接管了美国政府。
THIS TELLING OF the story is tooneat, I know.It ignores critical strands in the historicalnarrative—how the decline of manufacturing and Reagan’s firing ofthe air traffic controllers critically wounded America’s labormovement;the way that the creation of majority-minoritycongressional districts in the South simultaneously ensured moreblack representatives and reduced Democratic seats in that region;the lack of cooperation that Clinton received from congressionalDemocrats, who had grown fat and complacent and didn’t realize thefight they were in.It also doesn’t capture the degree to whichadvances in political gerrymandering polarized the Congress, or howefficiently money and negative television ads have poisoned theatmosphere.我知道，这种叙事方式过于简洁了。我忽略了在历史叙事中的一些关键情节，例如：制造业是如何衰落的；里根政府开除罢工的航管员是如何关键性地重创了美国劳工运动；南方是如何划分多数派选举区和少数派选举区，在同一地区保证黑人拥有更多众议员席位的但同时使得民主党席位减少了；克林顿总统很难从民主党议员们处得到支持，因为自鸣得意的他们正在捞政治油水，而没有意识到他们已陷入一场斗争中。文章也没有记录改划选举区所导致的国会两极分化造成的影响，或金钱和负面电视广告是如何有效的荼毒政治环境。
Still, when I think about what thatold Washington hand told me that night, when I ponder the work of aGeorge Kennan or a George Marshall, when I read the speeches of aBobby Kennedy or an Everett Dirksen, I can’t help feeling that thepolitics of today suffers from a case of arrested development.Forthese men, the issues America faced were never abstract and hencenever simple.War might be hell and still the right thing to do.Economies could collapse despite the best-laid plans.People couldwork hard all their lives and still lose everything.当我想起那位老华盛顿政客在那晚对我说的话时，当我仔细估量乔治·凯南（GeorgeFrost Kennan，美国外交家，冷战时对苏联遏制政策的始创人）或乔治·马歇尔（GeorgeMarshall，美国军事家、战略家、政治家、外交家，美国陆军五星上将）的丰功伟绩时，当我阅读博比.肯尼迪（BobbyKennedy）或埃弗里特.德克森（EverettDirksen）的演讲稿时，我忍不住感到今日的政治正经历一段发育不良的时期。在这些人的年代，他们一直面对的都是复杂的难题，而且非常棘手。战争也许带来痛苦，但在当时仍是一个正确的选择。就算准备了最好的计划，经济还是有可能会崩溃。人们一生勤劳工作但是仍然有可能会失去一切。
For the generation of leaders whofollowed, raised in relative comfort, different experiences yieldeda different attitude toward politics.In the back-and-forth betweenClinton and Gingrich, and in the elections of 2000 and 2004, Isometimes felt as if I were watching the psychodrama of the BabyBoom generation—a tale rooted in old grudges and revenge plotshatched on a handful of college campuses long ago—played out on thenational stage.The victories that the sixties generation broughtabout—the admission of minorities and women into full citizenship,the strengthening of individual liberties and the healthywillingness to question authority—have made America a far betterplace for all its citizens.But what has been lost in the process,and has yet to be replaced, are those shared assumptions—thatquality of trust and fellow feeling—that bring us together asAmericans.由于各代领导者们的目标和成长经历的不同，使得他们对政治的态度也不同。在克林顿和金里奇之间不断的争斗中，在2000年和2004年的选举中，我有时感觉自己是在观看生育高峰的一代人在国家政治舞台上喧泻情感，扮演心理剧(一种可使患者的感情得以发泄从而达到心理治疗效果的戏剧)，讲述一个在很久以前有一群大学生在上学时就构思策划好的包含怨恨和复仇的故事。上世纪60年代的人们争取到的胜利有：承认了少数派种族和女人的公民权利，巩固了公民个人的自由权利，并且只要你带着好的意愿你就可以质问当局，这使得所有的公民们都认为美国是一个极度美好的国家。但是在取得这些进步的过程中我们所失去的，并且现在已经被取代了的，是那些共同的预期——那是信任和互相理解的本质，也是使美国人团结一心的思想。
So where does that leave us?Theoretically the Republican Party might have produced its ownClinton, a center-right leader who built on Clinton’s fiscalconservatism while moving more aggressively to revamp a creakyfederal bureaucracy and experiment with market-or faith-basedsolutions to social policy.And in fact such a leader may stillemerge.Not all Republican elected officials subscribe to thetenets of today’s movement conservatives.In both the House and theSenate, and in state capitals across the country, there are thosewho cling to more traditional conservative virtues of temperanceand restraint—men and women who recognize that piling up debt tofinance tax cuts for the wealthy is irresponsible, that deficitreduction can’t take place on the backs of the poor, that theseparation of church and state protects the church as well as thestate, that conservation and conservatism don’t have to conflict,and that foreign policy should be based on facts and not wishfulthinking.那么，现在我们该怎么办？理论上来说，共和党可以打造出一个保守派的克林顿，一个稍稍右倾的领导人，一方面坚持克林顿的财政保守政策，另一面更加积极地修复摇摇欲坠的联邦官僚作风，并且更加积极地在市场上做尝试，或者提出基于信仰的社会政策解决方法。实际上，这样的一个领导还是有可能被造出来的。不是所有的共和党推举出的官员都是坚守当今保守主义运动原则的。在众议院在参议院中，在全国的州首府中，存在有一些公务员，他们坚守更加传统的保守主义美德，如自我克制和态度严谨，他们明白为富有的人减税而增加国家负债是不负责任的，减少国家财政赤字的责任不能扔给穷人，保留传统和保守派政策并不一定有冲突，外交政策应建立在事实的基础上，而不是自己的愿望或欲望上。
But these Republicans are not theones who have driven the debate over the past six years.Instead ofthe “compassionate conservatism” that George Bush promised in his2000 campaign, what has characterized the ideological core oftoday’s GOP is absolutism, not conservatism.There is theabsolutism of the free market, an ideology of no taxes, noregulation, no safety net—indeed, no government beyond what’srequired to protect private property and provide for the nationaldefense.但是这些共和党人并不是在过去6年里在党内掌权的人。小布什总统在他2000年竞选时曾经向选民承诺“有同情心的保守主义”，但今日大老党的意识核心思想却表现为专制主义，而非保守主义。就是对市场完全放开，不加税，政府放开管制，没有安全保证——的确，没有政府能在保护民众的私有财产的同时向他们提供国家安全防卫。
There’s the religious absolutism ofthe Christian right, a movement that gained traction on theundeniably difficult issue of abortion, but which soon floweredinto something much broader;a movement that insists not only thatChristianity is America’s dominant faith, but that a particular,fundamentalist brand of that faith should drive public policy,overriding any alternative source of understanding, whether thewritings of liberal theologians, the findings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, or the words of Thomas Jefferson.还有宗教信仰上基督教的专制问题，由无可置疑的棘手问题堕胎而引致的政治运动，但很快地就发展成为更普遍性的问题；宗教政治者在活动中坚称基督教不只是一个在美国处于支配地位的宗教信仰，它也是一个单独特别的正统信仰，应该由宗教信仰来引导国家政策，它高于其它所有认知和信仰，不管是自由主义神学研究者的著作和国家科学院的研究报告，还是托马斯.杰斐逊（ThomasJefferson，第三任美国总统(1801-1809年），他参与起草了《独立宣言》(1776年））关于宗教信仰自由的言论。
第二篇：英汉翻译
大家来详细看几句***在APEC工商领导人峰会上的开幕演讲
1.山明水净夜来霜，数树深红出浅黄。
The water is clear and the mountain is bright, the frost comes in at night;Trees are covered with deep scarlet, leaves mixed with yellow that is light.2.亚洲各国就像一盏盏明灯，只有串联并联起来，才能让亚洲的夜空灯火辉煌。
Asian countries are just like a cluster of bright lanterns.Only when we link them together, can we light up the night sky in our continent.3.志存高远，脚踏实地。
Aspire for high and grand while planting our feet firmly on the ground.4.应该变赢者通吃为各方共赢，共同做大亚太发展的蛋糕。
We should replace the “winner-take-all” mentality with an all-win approach and work together for great development and prosperity of our region.5.生活从不眷顾因循守旧、满足现状者，而将更多机遇留给勇于和善于改革创新的人们。
Life never favors those who always follow the beaten path and content themselves with the status quo.Instead, life saves opportunities for people who are willing and able to reform and innovate.6.如果说创新是中国发展的新引擎，那么改革就是必不可少的点火器。
If innovation is the new engine for China's development, reform is the indispensable igniter.
第三篇：英汉翻译
英语十一种“钱”的表达方法
初学英语的人，常用expense来表示一切“费用”。其实expense主要是“花费”、“开
支”之意，如current expenses“日常开支”，selling expenses“销售费用”，trav elling expenses“旅费”等等。在现实生活中，各种“费用”有各种不同的表达法:
一、admission(n.)指入场费。
如：admission by ticket only凭票入场
二、charge(n.)“原价、要价”。
常用复数，主要用于一次性劳务所收取的费用，如服务费、行李超重费、旅馆费等
等。
如：what are the charges in the hotel?
这家旅馆收费多少？
三、cost(n.)本义为“成本”、“原价”。
常常用来表示对已取得的货物或劳务所支付的费用。
如：the cost of seeing a movie is seven dollars.看一场电影要花七美元。
四、fare(n.)指旅客乘公共汽车、出租车、火车、轮船、飞机等所支付的费用。
如：all fares, please.(公共汽车售票员用语)请买票。
五、fee(n.)医生、律师或其它专门职业的佣金及会费、手续费、停车费等。
如：my lawyer's hourly fee is 130 dollars.我的律师的佣金是每小时130美元。
六、freight(n.)运费，指海运、空运、陆运的费用。
如：who will pay the freight on this order? 谁支付这批定货的运费？
七、postage(n.)指邮费。
如：how much postage do i need to send this package?寄这个包裹须付多少钱
？
八、rent(n.土地、建筑物、房舍、机器等定期的租费。
如：the student owed three months’rent for my house.那学生欠我三个月的房 租。
九、tip(n.)小费。
如：i gave my barber a fat tip.我给理发师优厚的小费。
十、toll(n.)道路、桥梁、港口、市场的捐税、通行费及电话费等。
如：this month i had to pay 200 yuan toll call.这个月我要缴200元的电话费。
十一、tuition(n.)学费。
如：john took out a loan to pay his tuition.约翰贷款交付学费
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体育英语表达知多少？
一、运动会的名称
the Olympic Games奥运会
the Asian Games亚运会
National Games全运会
二、参赛的运动项目
1．Football 足球
the World Cup Soccer Championship世界杯足球锦标赛，soccer fans 足球迷，soccer hooligans 足球流氓，referee 主裁判，assistant referee（linesman）边裁（巡边员），goalkeeper守门员，halfback中卫，fullback后卫，wing边锋，forward 前锋，midfielder 中场球员，thump 劲射，penetration 突破，header 头球，pass-back 回传，dummy 假动作，tripping 绊人犯规，intentional kicking 故意踢人，handball 手球，free kick 任意球，corner kick 角球，ejection 被罚出场，penalty kick 罚点球，offside 越位，yellow card warning 黄牌警告，red card penalty 红牌判罚出场。
2．Basketball 篮球
referee 主裁判，umpire 裁判，basket and support 球篮和篮架，rim（hoop basket）篮圈，lay-up 上篮，shoot a basket 投篮，rebound 篮板球，control the rebound 控制篮板球，dribble 运球，scramble for the basketball 抢球，pass the ball 传球，bounce pass 反弹传球，behind the back pass 背后传球，snap pass 快速传球，drive to the basket 持续突破。
3．Table Tennis 乒乓球
singles 单打，men's singles男子单打，women's singles女子单打，doubles双打，mixed doubles 男女混合双打，serve the ball 发球，backhand drive 反手抽球，drive 抽球，forehand 正手击球，top-spin 上旋球，under-spin 下旋球，side-spin 侧旋球，loop 弧圈球，combine long drives with drop shots 长抽短吊，defensive player 防守型选手，attacking player 进攻型选手。
4．Gymnastics 体操
gymnastics exhibition 体操表演，floor exercise 自由体操，horizontal bar 单杠，parallel bars 双杠，pommels horse 鞍马，balance beam平衡木，rings 吊环，uneven bars 高低杠。
5．Field Events 田赛
the long（broad）jump 跳远，the jumping pit 跳远的沙坑，the high jump 跳高，the triple jump 三级跳远，shot put 掷铅球，discus throw 掷铁饼。
6．Track Events 径赛项目
100-meter dash 100米赛，400-meter race 400米赛，long distance races 长跑，relay race接力赛，baton 接力棒，4×100-meter relay race 4×100接力赛，sprint 短跑，sprinter 短跑运动员，distance runners 长跑运动员，hur-dlers 跨栏运动员。
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Nice 2006-10-08 16:59 新闻英语标题的特点•省略
有的读者读英语报刊，心中无数，东翻翻，西看看，总想挑容易的文章读。一篇文章刚看了个头，一碰到生词，马上换一篇。如此这般，换了六、七篇，还没确定读哪篇。那么，应该怎么读？首先要有准备地阅读，如先大致了解一下某报各版的主要内容，然后按照自己的兴趣或事先拟订的阅读计划，选定一个版面，有选择地阅读。
如果碰到生词，也要坚定地读下去。要知道，对于初、中等英语水平的读者，英语报刊文章很少会不出现生词。其次要有步骤地阅读。一般应先读标题，但由于标题（headline）短而精，不太好懂，不少读者常常绕开它。这是不明智的。一份英文报纸少则10至20版，多则数百版。读者一般时间有限，谁都不可能像读课文或看小说那样从头至尾一字不漏地通读一遍。我们拿起一份报纸总想迅速找到当天的报道重点或个人感兴趣的新闻和文章。怎样寻找呢？这就需要找个“向导”作介绍。显然，新闻标题就是十分理想的“向导”。这是因为标题是新闻内容的集中和概括，它用简练的文字浓缩了新闻中最主要或最值得注意的内容。英语新闻标题的措词、语法、修辞乃至标点符号等方面的特点较为突出，现一一予以简述。1．省略标题是新闻不可分割的组成部分。阅读英语报纸的新闻标题是我们学习阅读英语报刊的第一步。这么说绝无夸张之意，从语法角度来看，英语新闻标题有其一套独特的语法体系，与人们平时常见的英语句子语法有所不同，新闻英语学者称之为“标题语言”（headlines）。其中，标题中虚词的省略就是它的重要特点之一。一般而言，标题中虚词省略现象主要表现在以下几个方面：1）冠词基本省略。例如：
TENTH OF BRITISH MACKEREL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED（＝A TENTH OF THE BRITISH MACKEEL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED）
英国捕获鳍鱼一成碾为饲料THREE G0RGES FLOODED BY 'FAREWELL' TOURISTS（＝THE THREE GORGES FLOODED BY 'FAREWELL' TOURISTS）惜别之情难以挡游客蜂拥至三峡2）联系动词通常省略。例如： THREE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS
（＝THREE ARE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS）
吸入炉灶煤气三人窒息身亡CLINTON INAUGURATION MOST EXPENSIVE EVER（＝CLINTON INAUGURATI0N IS M0ST EXPENSIVE EVER）克氏就职典礼花费空前巨大3）助动词通常省略。例如： FINANCIER KILLED BY BURGLARS（＝A FINANCIER IS KILLED BY BURGLARS）
夜毛贼入室金融家遇害POPE TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY（＝POPE IS TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY）教皇拟于二月访日 INDIA MENDING FENCES（＝INDIA IS MENDING FENCES）
印度正在改善与邻国的关系4）连词通常省略，并用逗号代替。例如：
US，VIETNAM RESUME TALKS（＝US AND VIETNAM RESUME TALKS）
美越恢复会谈NBC'S PRESIDENT ROBERT WRIGHT SEEKS BIG ACQUISITI0NS，VENTURES FOR THE NETWORK（=NBC'S PRESIDENT ROBERT WRIGHT SEEKS BIG ACQUISTIONS AND VENTURES FOR THE NETWORK）
“强有力的伙伴”+“可观的投资”——罗伯特董事长为NBC网络扩展而奔走此外，英语新闻标题还经常省去介词、代词等，这些词的省略并不妨碍读者的理解。
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Conferences 各类会议术语
assembly 大会 convention 会议 party 晚会, 社交性宴会 at-home party 家庭宴会 tea party 茶会
dinner party 晚餐会 garden party 游园会 dance(party), ball, fandango 舞会 reading party 读书会 fishing party 钓鱼会 sketching party 观剧会 birthday party 生日宴会 Christmas party 圣诞晚会 luncheon party 午餐会 fancy ball 化妆舞会
commemorative party 纪念宴会
wedding dinner, a wedding reception 结婚宴会 banquet 酒宴
pajama party 睡衣派对 buffet party 立食宴会 cocktail party 鸡尾酒会 welcome meeting 欢迎会 farewell party 惜别会
pink tea 公式茶会
new years's banquet 新年会 year-end dinner party 忘年餐会 box supper 慈善餐会 fancy fair 义卖场
general meeting, general assembly 会员大会 congress 代表大会
board of directors 董事会
executive council, executive board 执行委员会 standing body 常设机构
committee, commission 委员会
subcommittee 附属委员会,小组委员会
general committee, general officers, general bureau 总务委员会 secretariat 秘书处
budget committee 预算委员会 drafting committee 起草委员会
committee of experts 专家委员会
advisory committee, consultative committee 顾问委员会,咨询委员会 symposium 讨论会
study group 学习研讨会 seminar 讲习会,学习讨论会
meeting in camera 秘密会议(美作:executive session)opening sitting 开幕会 final sitting 闭幕会 formal sitting 隆重开会
plenary meeting 全会
sitting, meeting 开会(美作:session)session 会期,会议期间(美作:meeting)working party 工作小组
seat, headquarters 席位 governing body 主管团体 round table 圆桌
to sit a meeting, to meet a meeting, to hold a meeting 召开会议--------------------hall 大会 rostrum 讲台 public gallery 旁听席 notice board 布告牌 to convene, to convoke 召开 convocation 会议
standing orders, by-laws 议事程序 rules of procedure 议事规则 constitution, statutes 章程 procedure 程序 agenda 议程
timetable, schedule 日程表,时刻表 item on the agenda 议程项目 other business 其他事项 to place on the agenda 列入议程 working paper 工作文件 opening 开幕
the sitting is open 会议开幕 appointment 任命 to appoint 任命,委派
speaker 报告人
to make a speech, to deliver a speech 做报告 to ask for the floor 要求发言
to give the floor to 同意...发言(美作:to recognize)to take the floor, to address the meeting 发言 declaration, statement 声明
Am I in order? 我这样做符合议程规定吗? call to order 要求遵守秩序
to raise a point of order 提出关于议程的问题 general debate 长时间的讨论 receivability 可以接受,可接纳 stand 立场,主张
consensus 意见
advisory opinion 顾问意见 proposal 建议
to table a proposal 提出建议 clarification 澄清 comment 评论
to second, to support 赞成 to adopt 通过
to oppose 反对
to raise an objection 提出异议
to move an amendment 提出修正案 to amend 修正
second reading(法案、议案的)二读 substantive motion 实质性的动议 decision 决定 ruling 裁决 to reject 拒绝,驳回 resolution 决议
draft resolution 决议草案,提案 first draft, preliminary draft 草案初稿 whereases 正式文件的开场白,前言 motivations 表明动机 operative part 生效部分 report 报告
factual report 事实报告 minutes, record 记录 summary record 摘要纪录 verbatim record 逐字纪录
memorandum 备忘录
to postpone, to adjourn, to put off 推迟,延期 closure 闭幕式
closing speech 闭幕词
to adjourn the meeting, to close the meeting 散会---------------------member 成员
membership 成员资格
member as of right 法定代表 life member 终身成员
full-fledged member 全权代表 head of delegation 代表团团长 permanent delegate 常驻代表 representative 代表
alternate, substitute 副代表 observer 观察员
technical adviser 技术顾问 auditor 审计员 office 职务
holder of an office 职称
honorary president 名誉主席 chairman 主席
presidency, chairmanship, chair 主席团 interim chairman 临时主席
vice-president, vice-chairman 副主席 rapporteur 文书,秘书
former chairman 前主席(美作:past chairman)director general 局长,处长
deputy director general 副局长,副处长 secretary general 秘书长 executive secretary 执行秘书 treasurer 司库 officials 官员 consultant 顾问 precis writer 记录(员)full powers 全权 to chair 主持
terms of reference 职权范围 with a right to vote 有表决权 ushers 招待
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英语翻译训练方法
英语翻译训练方法之——科技英语的特点与翻译
任何作品均有特定的文体，原文的文体不同，翻译方法也随之而异。试观察下列几个片断的原文及其译文
“It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job.” “A wonderful job.” “Are you going to take it ?” “I don't think so.” “Why not?' ”I don't want to.“ ”听说有个很好的工作要你去干。“ ”挺好的工作“。”打算干吗？“ ”不。“ ”为什么不干？“ ”不想干“。摘自《刀锋》（The Razor's Edge）
这是小说中的一段对说，属于口语文体。其特点是：用词自由，句法结构简单，短句与省略句多，自然朴素，生活气息浓厚。在译文中进一步体现汉语口语的特点，省去主语”你“、”我“；将英语的一个句子I don't think so.干脆译成一个字”不“，显得简洁有力。
She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner.Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。
摘自（珍妮姑娘）（Jennie Gerhardt）,傅东华译.上面五十一个词的片断,就运用了十个形容词,占五分之一。”and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress“是非常优美生动的文学语言，译文保持了一风格。
MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four-point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.[蒙特利尔电]在全国手球联赛中克拉克约翰斯今晚初试锋芒，引起轰动。上半场领先四分，首开记录。克拉克发挥中坚作用，约翰逊市高帽队终以6:4击败蒙特利尔市小鸭队，创造了连胜八场未负一场的战绩。
这是属于应用文的新闻文体，其特点是简明扼要，短小精悍，结构紧凑，笔锋犀利。上述这则电讯只有一个句子，却把一场球赛描绘得淋漓尽致，富于吸引力。
The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The fullscale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter.从上述的一段科技文章，不难看出其文体与修辞手段与前面列举的文艺小说，新闻报道等迥然不同。科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下：
一、大量使用名词化结构
《当代英语语法》（A Grammar of Contemporary）在论述科技英语时提出，大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。
Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。
句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。
名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。
If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss.Can be considerably reduced.炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。
科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。
Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而”谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。
二、广泛使用被动语句
根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine.你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。
We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium.We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance.It is measured in farads.电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，其储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。这一段短文中各句的主语分别为： Electrical energy Such a device
Its ability to store electrical energy
It(Capacitance)它们都包含了较多的信息，并且处于句首的位置，非常醒目。四个主语完全不同，避免了单调重复，前后连贯，自然流畅。足见被动结构可收简洁客观之效。
三、非限定动词。
如前所述，科技文章要求行文简练，结构紧凑，为此，往往使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句；使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不定式短语代替各种从句；介词十动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句。这样可缩短句子，又比较醒目。试比较下列各组句子。
A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。
Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。
A body can more uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that motion.如果没有改变物体运动的原因，那么物体将作匀速直线运动。
Vibrating objects produce sound waves ,each vibration producing one sound wave.振动着的物体产生声波，每一次振动产生一个声波。
In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another.在通讯系统中，电子学要解决的问题是如何把信息从一个地方传递到另一个地方。Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.结构材料的选择应使其在外界条件中保持其弹性。
There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式有各种不同的方法。
In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn ,messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.使无线电波依次对每一个声音作出相应变化时，信息就由广播电台传递到接收机。
四、后置定语
大量使用后置定语也是科技文章的特点之一。常见的结构不以下五种：
1、介词短语
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.由于摩擦而产生的力称之为摩擦力。A call for paper is now being issued.征集论文的通知现正陆续发出。
2、形容词及形容词短语。
In this factory the only fuel available is coal.该厂唯一可用的燃料是煤。
In radiation ,thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy ,similar in nature to light.热能在辐射时，转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。
3、副词
The air outside pressed the side in.外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。
The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。
4、单个分词，但仍保持校强的动词意义。The results obtained must be cheeked.获得的结果必须加以校核
The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.产生的热量等于浪费了的电能。
5、定语从句
During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.在施工过程中，常会出现需要改变设计的问题。
The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between them.分子相互间都存在着力的作用，该力的大小取决于它们之间的距离。
Very wonderful changes in matter take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.(定语从句to which we pay little attention 修饰的是changes,这是一种分隔定语从句。)我们几乎没有注意的很奇异的物质变化每天都在眼前发生。
To make an atomic bomb we have to use uranium 235,in which all the atoms are available for fission.制造原子弹，我们必须用铀235，因为轴的所有原子都会裂变。
五、常用句型
科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。例如It---that---结构句型；被动态结构句型；结构句型，分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。举例如下：
It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one.显然，润滑好的轴承，比不润滑的轴承容易转动。
It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的。
It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。Computers may be classified as analog and digital.计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。
The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。（或---缩短为三分之一。）This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here.人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的合金钢。Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light.电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。
Microcomputers are very small in size ,as is shown in Fig.5.如图5所示，微型计算机体积很小。
In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air.声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy.氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。
The resistance being very high ,the current in the circuit was low.由于电阻很大，电路中通过的电流就小。Ice keeps the same temperature while melting.冰在溶化时，其温度保持不变。
An object, once in motion ,will keep on moving because of its inertia.物体一旦运动，就会因惯性而持续运动。
All substances ,whether gaseous ,liquid or solid ,are made of atoms.一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。
六、长句
为了表述一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密，结构紧凑，科技文章中往往出现许多长句。有的长句多达七八个词，以下即是一例。
The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations ,and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性质的介质。这种子尝试的结果，最初曾使人们了解到一种能传输横向振动的具有上述假定所以认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。
七、复合词与缩略词
大量使用复合词与缩略词是科技文章的特点之一，复合词从过去的双词组合发展到多词组合；缩略词趋向于任意构词，例如某一篇论文的作者可以就仅在该文中使用的术语组成缩略词，这给翻译工作带来一定的困难。例如： full-enclosed 全封闭的（双词合成形容词）feed-back反馈（双词合成名词）work-harden 加工硬化（双词合成词）
criss-cross交叉着（双词合成副词）
on-and-off-the-road路面越野两用的（多词合成形容词）
anti-armoured-fighting-vehicle-missile反装甲车导弹（多词合成名词）radiophotography无线电传真（无连字符复合词）colorimeter色度计（无连字符复合词）maths(mathematics)数学（裁减式缩略词）lab(laboratory)实验室 ft(foot/feet)英尺
cpd(compound)化合物
FM(frequency modulation)调频（用首字母组成的缩略词）P.S.I.(pounds per square inch)磅/英寸
SCR(silicon controlled rectifier)可控硅整流器 TELESAT(telecommunications satellite)通信卫星（混成法构成的缩略词）
根据上述的科技文章的物占，在翻译过程中就要注意各种不同的翻译技巧与方法。例如被动 态的译法、长句的处理方法、倍数的译法等等。
第四篇：英汉翻译经典题目
Translation Conclusion
Unit 1 stories
1.He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝, 留给他的是衰老和幻灭.2.average height 普通高度 3.gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉
4.in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄
5.ignoring the chair offered him, Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调, 说明自己的身份和经历: 他怎样逃出云南, 怎样会见孙中山, 怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝, 怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲.6.When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.两位来客把经历说完后,周恩来微笑着说,他可以帮他们找到住的地方,替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续, 在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前,暂时作候补党员.7.Chinese Communist Party
中国共产党
8.两条要求, 忠实------内容, 通顺-------语言
9.Several times on his trips to China, which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government, Bill's birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.以中国官方客人的身份, 比尔来访中国已多次了, 而且在北京停留期间恰适他生日也有好几次了.10.„ This is for you,' Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget----such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation.Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River.He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“这是为你安排的.” 这句话比尔.莫诺听到过好几次, 每一次都令他难以忘怀.有一次, 他沿大运河乘船顺水而下,途经的每艘船都鸣笛致敬.还有一次, 他参观雄伟的南京长江大桥------以前没桥时, 要靠轮渡托载火车横渡长江.夜幕渐渐降临了, 他被安排坐下,并被告知稍坐等候, 然后突然间, 整个桥身被灯光勾画出了一个清晰的轮廊.11.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sulliven, came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的记忆里, 安妮.曼斯匪尔德.沙利文教师来的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子.从这一天开始, 我的生活与以前迥然不同, 一想到这一点, 我就感到非常兴奋.12.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.那天下午,我一声不响, 怀着期待的心情站在门廊里.13.Have you been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in ,and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was.“ light!Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.不知你是否有过这样的经历---在海上航行遇上了大雾,周围一片白,好像着实把你关在一个黑暗的地方,大船上的人又紧张又着急, 一面用铅锤探测深浅,一面向岸边慢慢驶去, 你的心也怦怦直跳,生怕出事.我在开始受教育之前, 就像这样一条船, 只是没有罗盘, 没有测探绳, 也无法知道离海港有多远.“光明!给我光明!” 这就是发自我内心深处的无言的呼唤, 也就在这时候, 爱心的光芒照到了我的身上.14.Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.有个人握住了我的手, 于是我被抱了起来, 紧紧地抈在了她的怀里.正是她来到我的身边, 将一切展切在我面前, 更重要的是, 是她将爱带给了我。
15.monkey-like imitation.猴子模仿似的16.In the days that followed, I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk.接下来的几天里, 我在根本不知自己在做什么样情况下,学会了拼好些单词, 比如PIN, HAT, CUP 及一些动词, 如SIT, STAND AND WALK.17.That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me.On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces, I tried vainly to put them together.那是因为我正用一种刚刚获得的全新而奇特的视角来看待一切事物.进屋时,我想起了被我弄坏的那个娃娃.我摸索着来到壁炉前, 拾起那些碎片, 试图将它们拼接在一起, 却没办到.18.it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.当那感概万千的一天快要结束时, 我躺在自己的小床里, 感受这一天带给我的那些快乐, 我觉得没有人比我更幸福了.一生中第一次,我期待着新一天的来临.19.一切旧的传统观念, 一切阻止社会进步和人性发展的不合理的制度.All outmoded traditional thinking;any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.20.我觉得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心, 又觉得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的笔为自己伸冤一样.I felt as if my mind was being whipped, as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.21.另一个地方
On another occasion.22.长得好看的人用不着浓妆艳抹, 而我的文章就像一个丑八怪, 不打扮, 看起来倒还顺眼些.Physically attractive people don't need heavy make-up.Though my writing resembles an ugly monster, it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.22.我最恨那些盗名欺世, 欺骗读者的谎言。
This means I oppose fabrication, deception and flowery language.What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.23.就学习英语而言，有三个方面值得注意：拼法正确，合乎用法---一个词怎么用，和哪个词连用，很有讲究。句子平稳—合乎语法。
第五篇：英汉翻译心得体会
英汉翻译心得体会
英语1101
袁立冬
111001116 经过一个学期的学习，我们即将结束《英汉翻译教程》的学习。通过学习，我又掌握了一门新的英语学习技能，也初步了解了英汉翻译的基本要求与要领。简而言之，就是获益匪浅。
英汉翻译是一门建立在综合能力基础之上的学科，囊括了全方位的知识以及中西文化的差异。不管是对个人能力以及日常积累都有较高的要求。前我一直有一种误区：认为只要掌握大量的词汇，翻译起来就会很容易，认为翻译只不过是把大量的词汇拼接连接在一起。可是当我真正接触到这门课程时惊觉自己原来的思维是有多么的狭隘。当翻译一句话时，我根本不知道该怎么组合。勉强组合在一块时不是错误百出，就是很Chinglish.首先，英汉翻译应遵循“忠实，通顺”的标准。所谓忠实，就是忠实于原文的内容。由于中西文化之间存在的巨大差异，一句英文在欧美人看起来顺理成章，而在我们中国人看起来就会极其别扭。我们就会在翻译过程中不自觉的用上自己的思维，因而改变了原文的意思破坏了原文的风格。通顺就是指原文语言必须通俗易懂，符合规范。译文必须通顺，避免死译，硬译，符合规范。把原文的内容适当的表达出来，既不能改变扭曲，也不能增加或删减。如“He is seriously ill”.就译为：“他病得很厉害”。有人为了追求汉语的“漂亮”译为“他苟延残喘”，这就得不偿失了。
其次，翻译分为三个阶段：理解，表达，和校核。准确理解原文所要表达的意思，注意上下文的关系在翻译过程中是至关重要的。在翻译时采取直译或者意译两种方式。有时在翻译过程中我们也可以直译和意译结合起来使用。主要取决与具体的情景。校核也是一个非常重要的过程，不可忽视。即在翻译时要经过反复的推敲，已到达最好效果的翻译。
翻译不是一朝一夕就能做到做好的事。我们在日常学习中必须注重积累有关英译汉方面的知识以及基本方法。了解基本英汉语言对比（词法和句法）。通过对比，掌握两种语言各自的特点，以及所对应的意思，在翻译的时候才能得心应手的运用。避免造成错用，误用，闹出笑话。需要注意的是随着语言的发展，很多英语单词已经不再紧紧局限于其原有的意思，更有了扩展。这就要求我们积极扩充自己的积累。同时，我还学习掌握了英译汉时常用的方法和技巧。如：增词法，重复法，省略法，以及词义的转义等等。还有关于各种不同句型的不同翻译方式。如定语从句，被动语态，状语从句等等，这些在书本上都有系统的介绍。我们在日常练习的时候也要避免为了做题而做题，要在过程中学会理解，应用这些方法。
我还体会到理解和翻译并不是一回事，几个人的理解相同，翻译成的文字 风格可以是不同的。通过学习，我了解到可以直译的就直译，只要把词序调整一 下，保证通顺，不致引起误解就好。如果不能直译，可凭借各种翻译技巧，在不 偏离原文意思的前提下，对句子的结构作一些变动。方法也好，技巧也好，都是为忠实、通顺地再现原作这个目的服务的，其功效自不待言，但并非万应灵药。任何方法在应用中都有其限度，过犹不及。如果一味死搬教条，盲目遵照翻译的规则，过分依赖这些翻译的技巧，最终只会落得个邯郸学步的结果。优秀的翻译者会在在实践中经常数法并用，因人因文而异，并无一定之规，主要靠自己不断实践、不断总结经验和不断提高理论水平，才能最终达到得心应手、曲尽其妙的境界。
经过学习，我确实获得了不少的进步以及在本学期的翻译学习中，我们获得了翻译专业应具备的一项技能，也对下学期的汉英翻译学习有了初步的计划和想法，以后学起来的时候亦不会无从下手。我相信我在今后的翻译道路更加宽阔平坦，我会再今后的学习中，不断总结经验技巧，是这些宝贵经验成为翻译学习的宝贵财富，力争做一名合格的英语人。
我也知道只是经过这学期的学习，我还有很多缺失以及不足的对地方。像中西文化这方面我就做的不是很好，经常在翻译时会弄不清具体的背景知识而做出错误的译文。翻译的时候也会出现措辞不当的现象。我还需要继续的加深关于这方面的知识。翻译不像我想象中的那么简单，但是也不是高不可攀。最重要的是要保持一颗积极学习进取的心，无论何时何地不能失去对翻译的热情。只有这样，才能在日后的学习中遇到困难时有勇气克服它。翻译本就是一个需要不断探索，积累，应运的过程。我有信心在未来的学习中会越走越远，越做越好！！另外，在此对我们的吴老师表示衷心的感谢，谢谢您的陪伴以及指导！！
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