西安城墙英文导游词（精选合集）

第一篇：西安城墙英文导游词

西安城墙英文导游词

西安城墙是明朝出年在明太祖朱元璋的政策“高筑墙、广积粮、缓称王”的指导下，在唐皇城的基础上建成的。下面是西安城墙景点导游词，希望可以帮到大家。

篇一：西安城墙英文导游词

All visitors:

China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi'an so far are still intact.Japanese Emperor's visit to Xian, put “the eighth wonder of the world,” Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance.Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep.Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.You must want to know what the real meaning of the city wall is.The word “city wall” was originally derived from the word “city”.“City” according to the “Shuowen” explains, phonetic loan characters “Sheng”, “Sheng” is satisfied that the people, so the original meaning of the word “city” is soil around the people and country, which leads to the walls of righteousness.Known as the backbone of the Chinese nation's “the Great Wall city” Yu, is also the meaning of the wall.Just later with the development of society, the word “city” also contains the interpretation of today's city.“City” first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty of Jin Wenzhong, see the physical embodiment of the military use of the ancient city wall from the shape.Military role of walls is protecting private ownership, and in ideology, wall body size and patriarchal clan system strictly reflect.Obviously the ruler is to create the wall, use it to protect themselves, that paul.Now we see the walls of Xi'an, is one of the most famous Chinese wall construction history.It from the Ming Hong Wu for three years(year 1370)Zhu Yuanzhang, issued an edict to repair the city to start, to Hong Wu eleven years(1378 AD)completed, which lasted 8 years is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the imperial city building expansion and, after successive repairs, basically maintained complete feudal society the walls of the building appearance, reflecting the outstanding achievement of Chinese ancient fortification technology.Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi'an in the end how much it.Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters.Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn.The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape.Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse.Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city.Xi'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep.Remember in 1986 in Xi'an City Andingmen(Simon)Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide.Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.篇二：西安城墙英文导游词

First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty.The walls of our eyes are bright.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that “such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security.” So from the Ming Hong Wu for three years(year 1370)Xiazhao repair the city commenced, took eight years to complete, is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the Imperial City, to the North East, each expansion of the 1 / 4 points to build a form today's walls.Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers.Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities.I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

First of all we see is the moat, also called the “moat”, it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack.Across the moat only channel is our immediate suspension.The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum--reminders “.Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortress.Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control.Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower.We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role.Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role.This is the two line of defense of the city.In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.Between the gate and building the watchtower, the formation of the half space, we called the barbican.Its role is if the enemy invaded the gates into the urn, when attacked by 4 urn face condescending, like wengzhongzhuobie.We can see on the opposite side of the building is building, it is the innermost layer of the wall of building construction.Is building form style chongyanxieshan, he took command of the garrison is wartime command.The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key.Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate.Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old ”lintel“ Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is ”gates of fire, disaster and later Fish“ story.Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls.Xi'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of.This is the third line of the city wall.We can see a few words Yongning gate gate.In the Ming city wall of Xi'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate.South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace.East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi'an, the word ”Changle“ with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire.Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding.The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum.The bottom wall with lime, loess, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone.The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous.The first is in Ming Longqing 2002(1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic.During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system.The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration.Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall.Walls of each separated by 40-60 meters a sink.They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches.Xi'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu.In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall.Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon.On the wall a total of 98.The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters

篇三：西安城墙景点简介

Xi'an is located in the downtown area, rectangular, wall 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, top width of 15 meters, 2590 meters long west east wall, south wall wall of 2631.2 meters long, 3441.6 meters long, the north wall is 3241 meters long, the total circumference of 11.9 km.There are four gate: East Gate of Changle, Xi'an door, South Yongning gate, north of the town, each of the Shing Mun are by the watchtower and the tower.The existing walls built in the Ming Hong Wu seven years to 11 years 1374-1378, has been 600 years of history, is China's most complete extant ancient walls of buildings.Xi'an city wall is the Ming Dynasty the years in policy of Zhu Yuanzhang ”high walls, wide accumulate grain, slow the guidance of kings“ under, built on the basis of the Tang imperial.Completely around the ”defense" strategy system is greater than the thickness of the wall height, solid as a mountain, the top of the wall and practicing sports can.Walls include moat, drawbridge, building gate, watchtower, is buildings, towers, fortresses, parapet, forts and other a series of military facilities.Since the completion of the wall after three major renovations.Longqing two years(1568), Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang Zhi presided over the restoration of Tucheng first into brick city;Qing Emperor Qianlong 46 years(1781), Shaanxi governor, Bi source host on the walls and towers were renovated;since 1983, in Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Municipal People's Government of the city wall the large-scale renovation, construction has been the demolition of the east gate, north gate of the watchtower, on the South Gate building, suspension bridge, and built around the park, so that this ancient building glow in the old style, has become a tourist attraction for visitors in Xi'an.

第二篇：西安城墙英文导游词

西安城墙又称西安明城墙，是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAA级旅游景区。广义的西安城墙包括西安唐城墙和西安明城墙，但一般特指狭义上的西安明城墙。下面是小编带来的西安城墙景点导游词，希望可以帮到大家。西安城墙英文导游词篇一

China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi'an so far are still intact.Japanese Emperor's visit to Xian, put “the eighth wonder of the world,” Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance.Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep.Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi'an in the end how much it.Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters.Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn.The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape.Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse.Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city.Xi'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep.Remember in 1986 in Xi'an City Andingmen(Simon)Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide.Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.

Xi'an is located in the downtown area, rectangular, wall 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, top width of 15 meters, 2590 meters long west east wall, south wall wall of 2631.2 meters long, 3441.6 meters long, the north wall is 3241 meters long, the total circumference of 11.9 km.There are four gate: East Gate of Changle, Xi'an door, South Yongning gate, north of the town, each of the Shing Mun are by the watchtower and the tower.Xi'an city wall is the Ming Dynasty the years in policy of Zhu Yuanzhang “high walls, wide accumulate grain, slow the guidance of kings” under, built on the basis of the Tang imperial.Completely around the “defense” strategy system is greater than the thickness of the wall height, solid as a mountain, the top of the wall and practicing sports can.Walls include moat, drawbridge, building gate, watchtower, is buildings, towers, fortresses, parapet, forts and other a series of military facilities.Since the completion of the wall after three major renovations.Longqing two years(1568), Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang Zhi presided over the restoration of Tucheng first into brick city;Qing Emperor Qianlong 46 years(1781), Shaanxi governor, Bi source host on the walls and towers were renovated;since 1983, in Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Municipal People's Government of the city wall the large-scale renovation, construction has been the demolition of the east gate, north gate of the watchtower, on the South Gate building, suspension bridge, and built around the park, so that this ancient building glow in the old style, has become a tourist attraction for visitors in Xi'an.

First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty.The walls of our eyes are bright.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that “such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security.” Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers.Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities.I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

First of all we see is the moat, also called the “moat”, it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack.Across the moat only channel is our immediate suspension.The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum--reminders “.Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortress.Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control.Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower.We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role.Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role.This is the two line of defense of the city.In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key.Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate.Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old ”lintel“ Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is ”gates of fire, disaster and later Fish“ story.Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls.Xi'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of.This is the third line of the city wall.We can see a few words Yongning gate gate.In the Ming city wall of Xi'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate.South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace.East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi'an, the word ”Changle" with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire.Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding.The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum.The bottom wall with lime, loess, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone.The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous.The first is in Ming Longqing 2002(1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic.During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system.The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration.Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall.Walls of each separated by 40-60 meters a sink.They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches.Xi'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu.In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall.Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon.On the wall a total of 98.The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters.

第三篇：西安城墙导游词

西安城墙是我国中世纪机后期历史上最著名的城垣之一，也是我国古代城垣中至今保存最完整的一处，下面是关于西安城墙导游词范文的内容，欢迎阅读！西安城墙导游词

大家早上好！欢迎大家来到古城西安，很高兴认识大家，我是你们本次的导游，我叫许晨轩，大家叫我许导或晨轩就可以了。下面让我们开始西安古城墙之旅吧！

首先，我给大家简单介绍一下西安古城墙，西安古城墙又称为西安明城墙，位于陕西省西安市中心区，墙高12米，顶宽12-14米，底宽15-18米，轮廓呈封闭的长方形，周长13.74千米。城墙内人们习惯称为古城区，面积11.32平方千米，著名的西安钟鼓楼就位于古城中心。

请大家紧跟我不要掉队，我们前面的是城墙的主城门，像这样的城门共有四座：我们面前的长乐门（东门）；还有永宁门（南门）；安定门（西门），安远门（北门）。它们四座城门作为明城墙的原有城门，因当时的军事，防御需要，都是单门洞，且都修建了三道城墙，两道城墙之间又形成了翁城。至今为止，四座城门中除永宁门外，其余三座城门都只剩下两道城墙。

好了，下面是大家自由活动的时间，请大家一个小时后在这里集合。

本次游览结束，感谢大家对我工作的支持，谢谢大家，祝大家身体健康，万事如意，以后有缘再见。

西安城墙，是古都西安的标志性景观。现存的城墙建于明朝初年，是中国现存最完整的古城墙。城墙总周长约14公里，是在唐代皇城的基础上建成的，包括护城河、角楼等一系列设施。

目前西安城墙共有八处可以登城，分别是：东门(长乐门)、南门(永宁门)、西门(安定门)、北门(安远门)、含光门、文昌门、和平门、尚德门，游客可以就近登城。其中南门是西安城的迎宾门，也是游客选择最多登城的一个门。

除了步行，在城墙上骑自行车是一种很不错的游览方式，在骑行中，你会有一种时光穿越的感觉。目前在东、南、西、北等四门都有租借自行车服务，骑行结束后在上述任一门都可以返还自行车(景区规定会有变化，建议租借时再咨询确定)。同时这四个门还提供观光车环绕服务，你可以乘坐观光电动车，在城墙上绕城一圈，全程约50分钟。

在西安城墙游览，还有机会观赏到一些特有的演出活动，如仿古开城仪式展演、城墙民俗展演，演出地点都在南门，具体演出时间可参照网站或电话咨询。

敌台明代扩建后的西安城墙，每隔120米修敌台一座，突出在城墙之外，顶与城墙面平，是专为射杀爬城的敌人设置的。敌台之间距离的一半，恰好在弓箭的有效射程之内，便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。城墙上共有敌台98座，上面都建有驻兵的敌楼。正楼(城楼)、箭楼、闸楼冷兵器时代武器落后，城门又是唯一的出入通道，因而这里是守城者苦心经营的防御重点。西安城东、西、南、北四座城门，分别有正楼、箭楼、闸楼三重城楼。闸楼在最外，其作用是升降吊桥;箭楼在中，正面和两侧设有方形窗口，供射箭用;正楼在最里面，是城的正门。角楼西安城墙四角都有突出城外的角台。除西南角是圆形(可能是为了保持唐皇城转角原状)外，其它的角台都是方形的。角台上修有比敌台更为高大的“角楼”，表明了这里在战争中的重要地位。

第四篇：西安城墙小学生导游词

导游词，是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词，是导游员同游客交流思想，向游客传播文化知识的工具，也是应用写作研究的文体之一。特点是口语化，还具有知识性、文学性、礼节性等特点。今天小编就为大家提供了西安城墙小学生导游词，希望能给您带来帮助。

西安城墙小学生导游词

各位游客：

中国拥有数百座古代城墙，其中以北京、南京、西安的古城墙的规模最大，但是北京、南京古城墙先后被拆毁或严重的残缺，而始建于公元1370年的西安古城墙迄今仍保存完整。日本皇访华来西安时，放着“世界第八大奇迹”秦俑坑不看，却登上了始建于600多年前的西门城楼，领略了这座古代城墙的雄姿。下面请大家跟我一起实地去参观西安古城墙。

【城墙的起源】

各位游客，这几天我们已经在车行晨曦或晚霞中领略了古城墙的多彩多姿和古朴深沉。现在我们来到城墙脚下，请大家走上城墙游览。

大家一定想知道城墙的真正含义是什么。“城墙”一词原是从“城”字引申而来。“城”按《说文》解释，是“盛”的通假字，“盛”是纳民，所以“城”字的本义是土围民而成国，由此引出城墙一义。被誉为中华民族脊梁的万里长城的“城”宇，同样是城墙的意思。只是后来随着社会的发展，“城”字又包含了今天城市的解释。“城”字最早出现在周朝的金文中，从字形看活生生地体现了古代城墙的军事用途。城墙的军事作用是保卫私有制，而在意识形态上看，城墙的形体规模又是等级森严的宗法制的严格体现。显然统治者营造城墙，是用它来保护自己，宣示国威。现在我们看到的西安城墙，是中国历史上最著名的城垣建筑之一。它从明洪武三年（公元1370年）朱元璋下诏修城开始动工，至洪武十一年（公元1378年）完工，历时8年，是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上扩筑而成的，经过历代修葺，基本上保持着完整的封建社会城垣建筑的面貌，反映了中国古代筑城技术的杰出成就。

【城垣规模和结构设施】

各位游客，那么西安城墙到底有多大呢？它的结构又是怎样的？据测算，西安城墙周长11。9千米，其中东城墙2590米，西城墙2631。2米，南城墙3441。6米，北城墙3241米。这样的规模在国内外都是比较少见的。

大家看见城墙四门外筑有护卫城门的小城，那叫做瓮城。所谓的瓮城，意为敌人一旦进入，就会受到瓮城城墙上面的四面夹击，犹如瓮中之鳖，无法逃脱的。瓮城外还筑有拱卫瓮城的小城，古称羊马城。古时候大城门的启闭有规定时间，关闭城门后尚未回城的人可连同自己牵的羊、赶的马等，进入羊马城以及今环城公园地带歇息，等候开城门后再进城。西安的羊马城在清末已全毁。记得1986年在西安城安定门（西门）瓮城北门外约17。5米处发现羊马城北侧门道，长5。5米，宽2。4米。现在大家能看到南门瓮城外侧已修复的羊马城，墙体长198米，高9。5米。

护城河外曾有拱卫四城门的四个夯筑土城叫郭城。据《西安府志》卷九记载：唐天祐年间，韩建筑东郭小城和西郭小城。宋、金、元皆因之。明洪武年间拓城时，东郭小城大部分被包在大城内，留在城外的即为东郭新城。明后期西郭小城记。目前，四关郭城墙体仅存部分残段，郭门仅在地名上留有其名称。

现在我们来到西安城内东北处，这里曾经是明秦王府城，简称王城。明初，朱元津封其次子为秦王，命其坐镇西安，加强对西北的控制。整个秦王府城分为两重城墙。外城墙称萧墙，全系土筑成。内城墙因外砌青砖，故称砖墙。明灭后，萧墙被毁。清雍正年间，西安修庙宇，秦王府的建筑多被拆除，砖城改为八旗教场。目前秦王府砖城只存夯土城残段若干处。

明代建西安城时，全城城门有4座：“长乐”、“永宁”、“安定”、“安远”。门名刻于大城门洞外的青石门据上。大城城门上所建的楼房称城楼，也叫正楼，是守城指挥官的指挥所。瓮城城门洞上所建之楼称箭楼，因楼壁辟有箭窗，是当时发箭防御之用。到了民国时又开辟了4座城门，俗称小四门：中山门（小东门），在现在的东新街东端，是为纪念孙中山修建的；勿幕门（小南门），在今天的四府街南端；玉祥门（小西门），在莲湖路西端，解放后，此门被拆；解放门（小北门），原名中正门，在解放路北端，当年因为陇海路通车到西安而修建，到了1952年因扩建火车站而被拆除。西安在解放后也开辟了新城门，南墙有建国门、和平门、文昌门、朱雀门、含光门。北墙有尚德门。东墙有朝阳门。

一般游客知道明代建筑西安城墙时有98座敌台，台上均建有敌楼。但1982年西安市城墙管理所实地调查发现，那些古敌楼没有留下一个，只有部分尚存础石。之后，西安重建敌楼12座，为砖木结构，歇山顶式，重檐二层楼，底层周设回廊。

古代城垣设施不仅修建敌楼、箭楼作用武之备，还修建魁星楼以祭把主宰文运之神魁星。西安魁星楼建在南门城楼东，后遭兵火毁坏。后来在原址上复建魁星楼，值得看一看。

【焕发新颜的古城墙】

各位游客，经过十多年的整体开发，古都西安已把位于市中心的残破的明代城垣，改造成颇具特色、中外罕见的环城旅游风景区。1983年，西安市开始了建国以来规模最大的文物保护开发，到1997年底累计投资2。27亿元，不仅全面修缮了城墙，填补了大小洞穴1650个，还重建敌楼四座、角楼2座以及南门月城、闸楼、吊桥各一处，同时对环城河、林、路进行了全面的整治。现在，从14条被修复的马道缓步登城，能见到长1334o米的城垛，还有11500米的女儿墙也全部修复。站在高12米的城头上举目远眺，南边的终南山、北部的渭水河遥遥相望；俯首四顾，城内城外市容尽收眼底。城上还陈列弓弩。滚木、擂石等防卫工具，城下复设吊桥、云梯，供人使用参观。从城墙下到环城河边，修建了20多座桥，城河到城脚之间的环城绿化带，成了西安最大的绿化公园，茅屋瓦舍，仿古亭廊，诗碑雕塑，应有尽有。

第五篇：西安城墙的导游词

西安城墙是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAAA级旅游景区。以下是小编整理的导游词，希望对大家有帮助！

各位游客大家好,我们现在看到的这座古城堡就是明西安城墙。明西安城墙是明初在唐长安皇城的基础上建筑起来的。它是我国中世纪机后期历史上最著名的城垣之一，也是我国古代城垣中至今保存最完整的一处，同时，也是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代军事城堡设施。

城墙是中国冷兵器时代城市的传统防御设施。我们在距今6000年前的半坡遗址看到，半坡人在居住地周围挖掘深沟，以提防野兽和外部的袭击。如果把半坡村落视为城市的最初萌芽，深沟也就是当时相当于城墙的设施。待到人们发明筑墙技术后，城墙自然伴随城市同时诞生，成为古代城市的显著标志了。据史册记载：“筑城以卫君，造郭以居，此城郭之始也。”这大约是在距今约4500年前的原始社会晚期。

西安作为千年古都，历代曾多次修筑城墙。它们多数被历史的尘埃掩埋。但我们看到的这座城墙仍可追溯到公元六世纪的隋代。公元581年，隋文帝杨坚建立隋朝，并于第二年在龙首塬北麓修建了大兴城。大兴城规模庞大，结构严密。除环绕城市的外郭城城墙外，城内环绕宫城和皇城也筑有城墙，形成“城中有城”的格局。唐王朝建立后，将隋代的大兴城改名为长安城。唐长安城基本上沿袭了大兴城的规模和布局，只是对大兴城进行了扩建和修建。唐代末年，朱温挟持唐昭宗逃往洛阳，留守长安的佑国军节度使韩建出于军事防守需要，放弃外郭城和宫城，把长安城缩小到皇城之内，以皇城城墙作为长安城的城墙，形成自五代至元的长安城规模。公元1369年，明王朝大将徐达从山西进入陕西，将原来的奉天路改为西安，意为“西方长治久安”。

从此开始了明在西安的统治，也拉开了明在西安修筑城墙的序幕。由于西安在历史的政治、军事地位极高，所以，明王朝在对全国广筑城墙的过程中，对西安城墙的修筑更为重视。朱元璋任命长兴侯耿柄文和都指挥使璞英主持修筑。从洪武三年，也就是公元1370年，到洪武十一年，也就是公元1378年，历时8年，西安城墙的修筑才全部竣工。明西安城墙修筑得高大坚固，西、南两面城墙基本上和唐长安城皇城的范围相同。东、北两面城墙分别向外扩移了三分之一。这座城墙的外形是一座长方形。城墙高12米，顶宽12—14米，底宽15—18米。南城墙长4256米，北城墙长4262米，西城墙长2706米，东城墙长2886米，周长13.9公里。最初的西安城墙采用黄土夯打而成。在城墙墙基和墙顶还分别有一层厚80厘米和45厘米的三合土层。这种三合土用黄土与石灰、糯米汁、猕猴桃汁拌合而成。干燥之后，坚硬如石，用镐都刨不动。

西安城墙自明代初年建成后，历代屡有修葺。明穆宗隆庆年间，也就是公元1568年，陕西都指挥使张祉为原来的城墙内外包砌了青砖。清乾隆年间，也就是公元1781年，陕西巡府毕沅对城墙进行了大规模补修。沿旧城墙先围基石后灌脚，再用黄土逐层夯打，至顶部铺砌青砖，并对整个城墙外壁加厚砖面。城墙内每隔40—60米，用青砖砌筑水槽一道，排除城墙顶面雨水，对西安城墙的长期保护起了重要作用。尤其是自1983年以来，陕西省和西安市人民政府对这座古城墙进行了大规模修缮，补建已被拆毁的东门、北门箭楼、南门闸楼、吊桥，并建成了环城公园，使这座古建筑重新焕发了昔日风采。

西安古城墙包括护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、敌楼、女儿墙、垛口等一系列军事设施，构成科学、严密、完整的军事防御体系。

护城河也叫“城壕”,是城墙的第一道防线。它可以阻滞敌人进攻,甚至可以利用有利地形把敌人趁机消灭。环绕西安城墙的护城河宽20米,深7米。跨过护城河就是城门，而连接护城河与城门的唯一通道就是吊桥。吊桥的桥头两侧有铁环，贯以粗大的铁索与麻绳，系在闸楼上，用滑轮控制升降。平时，守城士兵听从晨钟暮鼓的指挥，早晨降下吊桥，开启城门;晚上升起吊桥，断绝交通。一旦发生战争，吊桥升起，城门紧闭，城门就成为坚固封闭的战斗堡垒。

城门是城防体系的重点，也是薄弱点。平时，它是出入城市的通道。战争时，又是攻守双方争夺的首要目标。因此，明代十分重视完善城门防御设施。尤其值得注意的一大技术突破是采用了券拱式城门。明代以前，城门沿袭砖门的过梁式结构。从军事角度看，这种城门的最大弱点是经不起火攻。因此，城门上往往眼设置水池，以防敌人火攻。也因此留下“城门失火，殃及鱼池”的成语。券拱式城门的出现从根本上解决了这个问题，一色青砖结构不仅使得城门更加坚固，而且可以有效地抵御火攻。

在古代，双方作战，当敌人跨过护城河时，城门却又拦住了去路。所以，在攻城的一方常有几个人扛着粗重的木桩前来撞门，要花费好长时间才能将城门撞开，而有时也可能撞不开。明西安城的城门非常坚固，门扇用厚达16厘米的木板制成，一扇城门须用木材2.8立方米，重达3.19吨。门扇上下横匝着9道宽15厘米，厚23厘米的铁条加固，每两道铁条的间隔处，钉有180枚四棱攒顶的铁蘑菇针。整个门扇上共有1800枚铁蘑菇针。这样密集的钉群，挤密了门扇的木材，增加了门扇刚度，使箭矢无法射入。有的城门还在门扇后的城门洞内，设置了拒马桩、陷马坑、铁蒺藜等，进一步阻挡敌人进攻。

为了提高城门防御的保险系数，城门实际上由三重组成，即：闸楼、箭楼和主楼。闸楼在最外，它的作用是升降吊桥，也叫“阙楼”、“樵楼”。象征门阙，兼用来打更。闸楼三面有城墙与主城墙相连，形成一个半月形的立体空间，叫“羊马城”。敌人即使攻入闸楼城门，也好似进入瓮内，会受到来自四面居高临下的攻击，因此楼下这一空间也叫“瓮城”。箭楼在正中，正面和两侧都有窗户，供射箭用。箭楼与箭楼之间用围墙连接起来的也叫“瓮城”，瓮城内可屯兵。无论敌人进入第一瓮城还是第二瓮城，箭楼均可发挥攻击作用。正楼在最里，正楼上面的城楼是城门的主题建筑。城楼距地面高约32米，长43.2米，三重飞檐，四角高翘，回廊环绕，庄重稳健，是主将镇守指挥的所在。

城墙外侧，每隔120米有一个突出于城墙主体之外，宽20米，长12米的敌台，俗称“马面”。整个城墙上共有“马面”98座，“马面”上面的建筑叫敌楼，两个敌台之间相距120米，正好形成一个立体交叉射击区域。也正是弓、弩、箭等古代远射程冷兵器的有效杀伤射程。而它的一面为60米，为“一箭之遥”。这样的布局便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。因此，古人有评论说：“有城无台，亦如无城，是城所以卫人，台又所以卫城也。”敌楼供士兵避风雨和储备物资。城墙上外侧有矮雉，又称“垛墙”，整个城墙共有5984个矮雉。垛墙上有垛口和方孔，可供射箭和嘹望。内侧的矮墙称为“女儿墙”，墙高1米，没有垛口，它的作用是为了防止士兵行走时坠入墙下。在西安城墙四角各有一座城楼叫“角楼”。如果你绕城一周，就会发现，城墙的四个角唯独西南角是圆形的，其它三个角是直角，那么这是为什么呢?其实这个角是保持了元代长安城蒙古式风格的转角圆状。明城墙在隋、唐、元代城墙遗址基础上改建而成，范围和唐长安城皇城范围基本相同。

在箭楼与正楼形成的瓮城中，有同向城头的马道。缓上没有台阶，便于战马上下。全城共建有登城马道11处。登城马道底部道口的门是朱漆的，俗称“大红门”。战争期间，这里是调兵遣将的咽喉要道，必须保证畅通无阻。为防敌人奸细混入城墙守卫部队中，登城马道戒备严密，平时不允许守成士兵私下，也不许闲杂人等靠近逗留。等到军中禁夜炮响后，铁门便紧锁了。

西安城墙除明代在东、西、南、北有四个门：长乐门、安定门、永宁门、安远门外，随着岁月的变迁，城门也发生种种变化。现在我们除了可以看到这四个门，还可以看到：勿幕门、朱雀门、含光门、玉祥门、中山门、尚德门、建国门、和平门、文昌门等等，这些名称的来历也从一个侧面反映了古城沉浮衰兴。

明西安城墙显示了我国古代劳动人民的聪明才智，它以悠久的历史，伟岸的雄姿，神秘的色彩吸引了八方游客。

好了，西安城墙就参观到这里，我们将继续带大家去参观钟鼓楼。谢谢大家!