第一篇：定语从句重难点教学案例
英语定语从句重难点教学案例
定语从句是高中英语语法教学的一个重点，也是难点。说它是重点，因为它始终贯穿于英语教学和运用中。说它是难点，是因为受母语的影响，学生经常会弄错定语从句的位置，主次不分，从而会在运用中出现一些中式英语。还有就是学生对诸多的定语从句的引导词不知如何选取。还有，以往的语法课都会让学生觉得乏味，参与性不强。鉴于以上存在的问题，我特设计了以下的课堂教学。
一、教学分析
1． 教学内容： The Attributive Clause 是语法课。主要介绍由 that, which, who, whose, whom, where, when, why，as等引导的定语从句。根据学生的实际情况和授课时间，本堂课我只让学生初步掌握that,which,who,where,when,why 引导的定语从句。
2．教材分析及处理 语法课一般都比较枯燥乏味。以往我的语法教学就是列出框框条条，从头讲到尾，到头来没有多少学生能听得懂。为了调动学生的积极性和参与性，我改变了以往的做法。我采取了以下做法：
（1）课前布置任务。以小组为单位，每个小组找出他们最喜欢的一首中文歌曲。（2）借助多媒体、录音机、光盘等辅助教学设备，使枯燥的语法教学变得有声有色。
（3）采用翻译法、探究法和学生中心教学法，设计一些合适的活动，使学生在轻松愉快的活动中了解定语从句，并学会运用定语从句。3．教学目标：
（1）知识目标：了解由which, that，who ,where ,when ,why引 导的定语从句。
（2）能力目标： 掌握和很好的运用定语从句。
（3）情感目标：了解中西方语言的不同表达方式。从而养成在学习和做事中要注意观察和比较的习惯。
4．教学重点： 1）初步了解并能准确翻译由 which, that，who ,where ,when ,why引导的定语从句。
2）判断定语从句的位置。
5．教学难点：对定语从句引导词的选择。
课堂教学过程
Step I Leading-in（5分钟）
教师先通过多媒体播放《小芳》的中文歌曲，以吸引学生的注意力，然后问: Do you like this song? Can you try to put the underlined parts into English?（附歌词）村里有个姑娘叫小芳 长得好看又善良 一双美丽的大眼睛 辫子粗又长 你和我来到小河旁 从没流过的泪水 随着小河淌 谢谢你给我的爱 今生今世我不忘怀 谢谢你给我的温柔 伴我度过那个年代
多少次我回回头看看走过的路 衷心祝福你善良的姑娘
多少次我回回头看看走过的路 你站在小河旁 在回城之前的那个晚上
让学生把划线的句子翻译出来写在黑板上。老师对有错误的地方进行纠正。并让学生就不明白的地方进行提问，并让其他学生回答。不妥之处老师再纠正。（设计说明）此活动是为进一步学习定语从句作好准备。通过学生的提问，能了解学生的不解之处，及时调整教学方式。而且通过学生的提问，能引起其他学生的注意力。激发学生的继续学习的兴趣。
然后教师再问：Can you tell me if there is any difference between the Chinese sentences and the English sentences? Why do we use “who”in the first sentence while “that/which”in the second sentence? 对学生回答不完整的地方进行纠正。说明在什么情况下需要 that,which,who，特别要强调定语从句的位置。
（设计说明）通过让学生自己发现问题来进一步激发学生的热情。使教学活动能顺利进行。
Step II 翻译活动 在屏幕上展示6个中文句子。这6个句子包含了由which, that，who ,where ,when ,why引导的定语从句。让学生自愿到黑板前把他们翻译的句子写黑板上。（10分钟）
T: Now read the sentences on the screen and try to translate them into English.（设计说明）此项活动旨在了解学生对由which,that ,who引导的定语从句的掌握情况，引出由when,where,why引导的定语从句。让学生通过自身的参与逐步掌握由which, that，who ,where ,when ,why引导的定语从句。
Step III.小结
T: Now ,can you tell me when we use “which”, “that”, “who”, “when”, “where”, “why”? 对学生回答不正确的地方进行纠正。
（设计说明）此项活动目的在于通过一些同学的活动来激发其他同学的求知欲。Step IV.歌词翻译活动（10分钟）Group work: 让每个小组派出一位代表把他们事先找好的歌词展现在屏幕上，让其他同学找出里面是否有含有定语从句的句子，如果有，请他们翻译成英语。同时，要给每组加分，以激发他们的热情。
（设计说明）此项活动目的在于培养学生获取信息的能力。通过学生的回答和教师的引导，帮助学生更好区分母语和英语在表达手段的不同。激发他们在学习中勇于探索，勇于发现的热情。同时也让他们意识到团体合作的乐趣和重要性。实行计时记分竞赛的形式，以调动课堂气氛，减轻学生的学习疲惫感。Step V Tasks（15分钟）
Task 1)（10分钟）播放英文歌曲The One You Love，让学生找出里面含有定语从句的句子，并把他们翻译成英语。采取竞赛形式，给找得最快，翻译最准确的小组加分。
（设计说明）通过此活动，让学生通过歌曲来展示自己掌握的知识。调动课堂气氛。(附歌词)Task 2)Learn to sing the song（5分钟）
教师利用多媒体或磁带播放经过选择的不同种音乐，让学生在美妙的音乐中自然而然得掌握定语从句。使语法学习变成一种快乐的体验。通过学唱，培养了学生的语感。使他们不会在运用时再出现中式英语。
Homework: Make as many sentences in your own words, by using “which”, “that”, “who”, “where”, “when”, and “why”.（说明）让学生造句，一是为了巩固所学内容，二是了解学生的最终掌握的情况，三是为定语从句的延续学习打下铺垫。
教学总结和反思
1． 通过本节课的学习，学生了解了什么是定语从句。知道了什么情况下需要which“, ”that“, ”who“, ”where“, ”when“, and ”why"等引导词。2．本节课活动和任务较多，但要注意把握活动的时间和效果。
3．在教学过程中要注意不同层次学生的个体差异，努力保证每个学生有表现的机会。
第二篇：定语从句难点分析
定语从句总结
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘„„的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主语)
(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语)
(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 注：that 用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c)先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
(g)为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略
(i)主句的主语是疑问词who /which时
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词
关系副词：在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.[注]表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember the first time I met her.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。
3.why指原因
在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.四、关系代词和冠词副词引导的从句有什么区别？ 关键点：
1、关系副词在从句中是做状语，记住，只做状语，不能做其他的成分。
2、关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。
如：the reason why he refused the invitation is clear.=The reason for which he refused the invitation is clear.Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born.=Treat changes have taken place in the city in which I was born.The time when we got tegether finally came.=The time in which we got together finally came.样板题一：
1、He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 解题思路：此题中，从句是he arrived，它已经是一个完整的句子，因此，这里要填一个在从句中充当状语的成分，C选项和D选项都不能做在从句中作状语，因此排除掉，the day指的是时间，因此，要填上表示时间的关系副词when。练习题：
1、The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why
2、Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when 3.This is the place
_____I have ever visited.A.there
B.when
C.where
D.which 4.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 5.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where
6.This is the house _______ I want to buy.A.in which B.that C.whose D.where 7.This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A.which B.that C.when D.where 8.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A.that B.which C.when D.Where
样板题二：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 The boy is my younger brother.He was here a minute ago.解题思路：所谓定语从句，就是把两句话压缩成一句话，而且，这两句话肯定辉提到同一个东西，因此，首先要找两句话都提到了的东西，此题中，两句话都提到了同一个东西——一个人（the boy ,he）这就是共同点，人我们是用who或whom表示，两句话都是做主语，因此，只能用在从句中作主语的who,不能在从句中做宾语的whom，因此，答案是：The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.练习题：
1.The old man is a professor.He teaches chemistry in a college.2.The car was going 90 miles an hour.The car just passed us.3.The woman is here now.You were talking about her.4.The man waved to us.The man was my uncle.样板题三：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句
This is the hall.We listened to the report in it the other day.解题思路：还是找两句话都提到了的那个共同点，是the hall（it）,在第二句话中in it是做定点状语，因此可以用where代替，因此，答案是：This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.=This is the hall in which we listened to the report the other day.练习题：
1、Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square.The foreign visitors live there.2、I enjoyed reading the book.You gave me a book last week.3、I prefer the subject.The subject is science.4、I spoke to the man.The man is a professor.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1.The house _______ we live in is very big.2.The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3.This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.4.The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.7.She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.8.We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.9.Is this the place _______ your father once lived? 10.I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.五、只用that的情况：
1.只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1)先行词是nothing, everything, anything,everything, all, few, little,some等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true.(2)先行词被only, no, any, all,little,few,much,the same,the last等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词：This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.（6）当先行词前面有who,which等词时：Who is the man that is sitting there? Which is the coat that fits me most? 练习题：
1.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.A.which
B.that
C.where
D.who
六、只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.练习题：
1.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.A.that B.which C.where D.when
练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.Check the ways you study for an English test.2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3.You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.4.I have some ideas that may help.5.They said something you didn’t like.6.Can you think of any problems you have had recently? 8.He would always take pride in everything good I do.9.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey? 12.If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.13.Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.14.If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.15.All I ever wanted to do was traveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择
（）1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who
B.which
C.whom
D.whose
（）2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening
B.you are listening to
C.to that you are listening
D.that you are listening（）3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which
B.in that this
C.all that
D.in everything（）4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whom
B.whose
C.that
D.which（）5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.A.where
B.in which
C.which
D.in that（）6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that
B.what
C.which
D.who（）7.Do you know the student_____?
A.whom I often talk
B.with who I often talk
C.I often talk with（）8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose
B.who’s
C.it's
D.its（）9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?
A.what I need
B.I need
C.which I need it
D.that I need it（）10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who
B.to whom
C.whom
D.that
D.that I often talk
练习(二)1.Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.A.which B.what C.as D.those
5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.A.that B.where C.in which D.in that 6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.A.at which B.on that C.in which D.of what 7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..A.how you have observed B.what you have observed
C.that you have observed 8.The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.whether 9.I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.A.all which B.that C.all that D.which
10.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which 11.I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.A.as B.that C.which D.what
12.He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which B.it C.that D.what
D.how that you have observed
13.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which B.whom C.who D.that
14.The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.A.who is singing B.is singing C.sang D.was singing
15.Those _______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn B.who C.that learns D.who learn 16.Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.A.that against B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 17.Didn’t you see the man ________?
A.I nodded just now
B.whom I nodded just now
C.I nodded to him just now D.I nodded to just now 18.Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?
A.that you talked B.you talked about it
C.which you talked with D.you talked about 19.Is there anything _______ to you?
A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.that belong D.which belongs 20.----“How do you like the book?”
----“It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.”
A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what
21.Mr.Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _______ who had already taken them.A.the ones B.ones C.some D.the others 22.The train _______ she was travelling was late.A.which B.where C.on which D.in that
23.He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.A.where B.in which C.under which D.which
24.Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.which B.where C.that D.about which 25.It’s the third time _______ late this month.A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived 26.It was in 1969 _______ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that B.which C.when D.in which 27.May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.A.which B.when C.on which D.about which
28.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.which B.that C.who D.where
29.The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at B.where we stayed at
C.we stayed D.in that we stayed 30.Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced?
A.in which B.where C.which D.that
三选择 1-5 ADACC 6-10 ACABB[参考答案]
1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD 16
第三篇：定语从句
2
定语从句
（重庆）24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members A themB.thatC.whichD.whom
（浙江）13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform A.itB.thatC.whatD.which（北京）27.Many countries are now setting up national parks________ animals and plants can
be protected.A.when B.which C.whoseD.where
________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why 3（浙江）5.The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom 4（新课标II）I wouldbe staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which
（江苏）32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when
（天津）6.We have launched another man-made is announced in today’s newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what（四川）9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where
（上海）38.An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what（陕西）16.__is often the case with the children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As 10（山东）35.Finally he reached a lonely island ___ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom11（山东）31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where12（辽宁）34.He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which case B.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case 13（江西）33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how
（湖南）21.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which
（福建）27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which
（安徽）29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.18.【2012浙江卷】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom
19.【2012浙江卷】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which
20.【2012江苏卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what 21.【2012重庆卷】29.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
22.【2012四川卷】13.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.A.in whomB.in themC.of whomD.of them
23.【2012陕西卷】14.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what 24.【2012北京卷】26.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when25.【2012全国II】8.That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
1-5 DBDCB6-10BDAD C11-15 AACB A16-20 DDBBB21-25DCCBB
第四篇：定语从句
高一必修2 Unit1：Cultural relics知识点及课后测试（含答案）
一、非限制性定语从句：
1.让学生在课文中把含有定语从句的句子全部划出来，标上序号。
2.提醒学生从句子的意义和形式方面进行对比，发现两种定语从句的不同点。3.同桌之间交换意见，对两种定语从句的不同点形成初步印象。
4.教师引导学生对这些结论进行归纳分析，结合例句梳理两种定语从句的不同用法。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与主句语意关系紧凑，定语从句不与主句语意关系松散，定语从句拿掉其 能删除 他部分仍可成立 表意
功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子 无逗号与主句分开 有逗号与主句分开
使用时可以用that引导 使用时不能用that引导 形式 关系词做宾语可省 关系词做宾语不可省
as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同：
(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中和句尾，而which只能放在句末。As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.（2）as有实际意义，可翻译成“正如，正像”而which并无实际意义。常见的搭配有： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as is hoped 正如希望的
Food prices finally went down, as people had expected.（3）当定于从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which He came here very late, which was unexpected.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.as 引导限制性定语从句（1）常用于下列句式
such+名词+as… 像……一样,像……之类 the same+名词+as… 和……同样的
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和这里一样的工具。注意：下面两句意思的差别
这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。（不是同一本）这就是我上周读的那本书。（同一本）
二、课文知识点
1.cultural relics 文化遗产
Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.博物馆展出了许多出土文物。2.rare and valuable 珍贵稀有 It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.这样的天才现在很少见。
3.in search of 寻找，寻求 = in search for He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闯荡七大洋去历险.He went to the south in search for a better future.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去。4.in the fancy style 以别致的风格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……风格
These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones.这些衣服对我来说有些花哨，我还是喜欢素净些的。5.popular She is popular at school.她在学校里很受人喜欢。
This dance is popular with young people.这种舞很受青年人喜爱。
6.…a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。
decorate with 以...装饰
7.be designed for …为……而设计 by design 故意地
My brother designs to be an engineer.我弟弟立志要当工程师。
This room was originally designed to be my study.这间屋子原预定做我的书房。
His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy.他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。8.belong to 属于
We belong to the same generation.我们属于同代人。9.in return 作为回报/报答/交换
in turn 依次地，轮流的；转而，反过来
10.a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends.他被一群朋友围住了。11.become part of… 变成……的一部分 It is part of the way we act.它是我们行为表现的一部分。12.serve as 作为，用作，充当，起作用
The room can serve as a study.这间房子可作书房用。
13.a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要来宾的小型会客室。
14.Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。have sth done 请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失 We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。
15.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。(I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted.我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。)16.Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing.可悲的是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。
We consider that the driver is not to blame.我们认为这不是司机的过错。
We consider it(to be)true.=(We consider that it is true.)我们认为这是真实的。a couple of words missing 缺的两三个字 There is a page missing.缺少一页。
Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.17.be at war 处于战争状态,交战
18.remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件艺术品搬走 He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。
This old table is a valuable piece of furniture.这张旧桌子是一件很珍贵的家具。19.in less than two days 在不到两天的时间里
20.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上了运往……的火车。There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China.这是毫无疑问的,台湾属于中国。There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能胜任这个工作,这是毫无疑问的.21.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。
it remains to be seen 尚待分晓
The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明
remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在户外 These matters remain in doubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑
He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。22.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。23.One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见一个神奇的东西。
24.without doubt 无疑地，确实地
He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.25.the UN peace-keeping force 联合国维和部队
26.The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.那位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开搬走了。take apart 拆卸，拆开
Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away.玩具拿开前先将它拆成一件件的。
27.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在审讯中，法官必须确定哪些目击者可信哪些不可信。28.rather than胜于，而不是 Tom rather than Jack is to blame.该受责备的是汤姆，而不是杰克。I prefer to read rather than sit idle.我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着。We aim at quality rather than quantity.我们的目的是重质不重量。第4/8页
29.by the light of the moom 借助于月光 30.for oneself 亲自，独自地
One should not live for oneself alone.一个人不应只是为自已活着。
31.To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到惊奇的是矿口被封闭了。…….32.I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room.我认为那些在找寻琥珀屋的人们很了不起。
33.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也不认为他们会把它交给任何政府。34.do with 处理，忍受，对付 I can't do with his insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度 What do they do with the coin? 他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的? 35.take notes of 记录，把……记下来
Please take notes of the important while you read.请边读边把重要的事情记下来。
36.Read the information that is provided for the visitors.阅读一下为参观者提供的信息。They provide us with food.他们供给我们食物。
We provided food for the hungry children.我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。
It's wise to save some money and provide for the future.“积蓄点钱,为将来使用作些准备是明智的。” He has a wife and seven children to provide for.他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。
37.It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不仅给你了练习英语的机会而且在同时也给你了培养对当地历史感兴趣的机会。38.for fun 为了消遣，为了开心 He plays violin just for fun.他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。【练习】 一）填写单词
1.By definition the capital is the political and c_______ center of a country.2.Though he recovered from his illness, he r__________ weak.3.The house b_________ to the old man was built hundreds of years ago.4.Heavily as it rained, we were still out in s________ of the missing boy.5.The school building was d_________ by a famous professor in Beijing, whose s_________ many people prefer.6.I sent her a bike as his birthday g________, and she gave me an mp3 in r_________.7.She stared at herself in the m________ and lost in thought.8.They are twins.No w________ I can not tell them apart.9.He was c_________ to be honest.In fact, the e_________he gave p______ to be false.10.We mustn't _____ to know what we don't know.Please raise your questions if any.第5/8页
二）请根据中文意思完成下列句子。1.长城是世界一大奇迹。The Great Wall is one of the _______ in the world.2.请考虑一下我的建议。Please ____________ my suggestion.3．仅几名士兵没有战死。Only a few soldiers ____________ the battle.4．我偶然在那书店里见到这本珍贵的书。
5．他的绘画受到世界上一些专家的好评。Some experts of the world _______ his paintings.6．他给我们如此多的帮助我想为他做些事作为报答。He has given us so much help that I really wanted to do something _________.7．有很多人出席了这次会议，其中三分之二都是同一个学校的。There are many people present at the meeting, two thirds of whom _________ _______ the same school.8．我们认为他说的不重要。We ___________ what he said unimportant.9．那些男孩去找吃的东西去了。________ 10． 他是个对音乐有天赋的学生。三）单项选择
1.When I left, he _____ me that I should take my recorder to his birthday party.A.remembered B.reminded C.was remained D.asked 2.______ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for 3.A working party has been set up to ______ this matter.A.look up B.look for C.look into D.look through 4.The had a good preparation for the project, so they had little _____ all the work.A.troubles to finish B.trouble to finish C.difficulty in finishing D.difficulties to finish 5.That dress is such a good _____ that it will be fashionable for years.A.manner B.style C.sort D.model 6.This photo _____ me __________ my childhood.A.reminded;of B.remembered;in C.recalled;in D.remained;into 7.A year later, his friend was appointed as a sales manager, but he _____ a salesman.A.reminded B.still C.worked D.remained 8.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____ , causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised;rise B.has been rose;raise C.has raised;rise D.has raised;rose 9.As I felt so much better, my doctor ______ me to take a holiday by the sea.A.suggested B.advised C.considered D.insisted 10.______ decision is made, you must ______.A.Once;carry it out B.when;carry out it C.As soon as;work out it D.After;carry it on 11.I am very grateful for your assistance, and hope that one day I may be albe to do something for you ______.A in turns B.in case C.in return D.in use 12.When you are in ______ about the meaning of the word, you can look it up in a dictionary.第6/8页
A.idea B.talk C.wonder D.doubt 13.I’ve ______ invitation, but I don’t think I’ll______ it.A accepted;received B.received;receive C.taken;accept D.received;accept 四）定语从句专项 1.Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A.why B.when C.that D.how 2.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, was really terrible.A.when B.where C.that D.which 3.John said he’d been working in the lab for an hour, ______ was true.A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, ______, of course, made the others very happy.A.who B.which C.that D.what 5.Chongqing is the city ______ she lived when she was young.A.where B.which C.when D.how 6.Do you know the reasons ______ he came back? A.how B.which C.that D.why 7.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, ______ of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what 8.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why 9.I don’t like cars ______ owners park too close to me.A.which B.who C.whose D.of which 10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.Which B.That C.As D.Such 11.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we expected.A.what B.which C.that D.this 12.Charlie Chaplin, ______ childhood was hard, began acting at the age of five.第7/8页
A.who B.whom C.whose D.his 13.We are talking about a subject ______ the importance hasn’t been realized.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose 14.The science of medicine, ______ progress has been very rapid, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.which B.that C.in which D.with which Unit1 Cultural relics答案
（一）1.cultural 2.remains 3.belonging 4.search 5.designed, style6.gift, return 7.mirror 8.wonder 9.considered, evidence, proved 10.pretend
（二）1.wonders 2.consider 3.survied 4.rare 5.thought highly of 6.in trturn 7.belong to 8.consider 9.in search of 10.gift
（三）BACCB ADABA CDD 四）
1-5 CDBBA 6-10 DCACC 11-14BCCC
第五篇：定语从句归纳
定语从句（the attributive clause）
一．什么叫定语从句？
一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。二．定语从句的结构及种类
1.结构：关系词+主语+谓语+其它
2.种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 三．关系词的分类及关系词
1.关系代词：who，whom, whose, that ,which, as 2.关系副词：when，where，why 四．关系词的功用
1.起连接作用，引导定语从句
2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。五．什么是先行词？
被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。六．关系词的用法
1.who 当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who。The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom 当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose
① 当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.② 当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that
① 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.This is a machine that can walk.② 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that.另外，that可以省略。
I like the present(that)my father sent me.③ 当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=who
The boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which 当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that 6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用that
① 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything时
Is there anything that I can do for you? ② 当先行词为不定代词all时
Mr.Li does all that he can to do his work well.③ 当先行词被all, some, any修饰时
These are all the things that I have done today.④ 当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时
This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤ 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时 This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥ time 作先行词，前面有序数词或last修饰时 This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.⑦ 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago ⑧ 以 who开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ? ⑨ 当先行词包括人和物时。7.下列情况下，关系词只能选which ① 在非限制性定语从句中。
This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.② 先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时 The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy.③ 当先行词指物，用“介词+which” This is the pen with which I often write.8.as
As 引导定语从句时，有四种情况。As在句中作主语，宾语。
① as 单独引导定语从句。
As we all know(=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.② the same …as… 与…一样
I have the same idea as you.③ such… as… 和…一样
Don’t read such a book as you can’t understand.④ as…as… 和…一样
In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.9.where
① 当先行词是指地点的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选where，where=介词+which
This is the classroom where we study.② 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，只能选that/which.This is the factory that/which makes paper
This is the factory(that/which)we visited yesterday.③ 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能用which
This is the school, which he visited.④ the one 是代词，代替前面的名词，其后的that/which 往往省略。
Is this factory the one you visited?
⑤ 当situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名词，关系词在句中作状语时，选where
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.⑥ 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作状语，但定语从句末有介词时，选which。
This is the lab which we do experiments in.10.when ① 当先行词是指时间的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选when，when=介词+which We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr.Smith.② 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，选that或which。Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.We will never forget the days(that/which)we spent with him.③ 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能选which。
Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday.④ one 作替代词，代替前面表示时间的名词，其后的that/which往往省略。That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever.⑤ time作先行词，前面有序数词或last时，只能选that。Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week? 11.why
① 当先行词是指表示原因的名词reason时，如果关系副词作状语，选why，why=for which.This is the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.② 当先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，如果关系副词在句中作宾语，选that/which,也可省略。
My parents didn’t believe the reason(that/ which)I give him.七．介词+which/whom 1.介词+which/whom
① 介词的选择根据下面四种情况
a.根据定语从句中的谓语动词
Who is the person with whom you shook hands just now? b.根据定语从句中的形容词
In learning English, he had two things about which he was not sure.c.根据定语从句所修饰的先行词 This is the bike by which I go to school.d.根据句意。
This is the train on which he works.② 如果关系词指人，选whom，如果关系词指物，选which。2.不定代词+of+which/whom 常用的不定代词有：both, neither, either(两者之一)，all, none, many, most, some, any Mr.Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting.3.数词，分词，百分数+of+which/whom There are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4.the+名词+of+which=whose+名词
He has just bought a magazine, the cover of which(=whose cover)is missing.5.介词+whose+名词 This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.八．非限制性定语从句
如果主语和定语从句之间有个逗号，它就是非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性的定语从句的关系词有：which，who, when, where, why, whom, whose.九．分隔性的定语从句
有时定语从句和先行词之间被其他词隔开，把这种从句叫分隔性的定语从句。The days are gone when China used foreign oil.= Gone are the days when China used foreign oil.十．The way 作先行词，引导定语从句的关系词有三种情况：that, in which 省略。
I don’t like the way ___D___ you do things.A.that
B.in which
C.× D.all of the above 十一.One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用单数。
He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well.He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well.十二.在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词。
I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything.He who breaks the school rules should be punished.Those who break the school rules should be punished.Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished.十三.定语从句和并列句的区别
非限制性的定语从句和主语之间有一个逗号，并列句的结构式单句+并列连词（and, or.so, but）+简单句.I have many friends, all of whom are kind to me.I have many friends and all of them are kind to me.
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