英语科技文献阅读翻译(刘志伟)Preview unit8 textb

第一篇：英语科技文献阅读翻译(刘志伟)Preview unit8 textb

The framework of this passage.First.Targeting Sequences May Prove Key to Successful Gene Medicine.One part is about the traditional gene therapy:compensates for a faulty gene by adding working copies of it to cells;and the other part is refer to a different approach:correct the mutation in the original,disease-causing gene.Second.Find and Replace.First,it tells us about a method to patch up the defective gene or the mutation of gene sequence.And then,we can get a new technology to tackle HIV,which introduce a defect into a gene in immune cells.Tailor-Made.This part mainly talks about that scientists have begun to tailor enzymes which can snip DNA at a particular spot and hugely bump up the rate of recombination.But there is still exist some potential pitfalls need to solve.Vocabulary and phrase.1.trigger has the same meaning to give rise to in this passage.2.Sever:a.set or keep apart b.cut off from a whole.It has a similar form to the word “severe”,which means(a.intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality b.very strong or vigorous c.severely simple d.unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment and so on.)

Questions:

1.Why in this passage use destroy to mean the change of cells?

2.This text just translate tailor into make for specific purpose,does it lose some potential meanings?

第二篇：英语文献翻译

文章1: 题目：

集成的人机交互的发展到系统开发生命周期的方法

Abstract：

将人机交互（HCI）的角度来看，系统开发生命周期（SDLC）是必要的信息系统（IS）的成功，反过来，企业的成功。然而，现代的软件开发生命周期模型是基于组织的需求比人类的需要。信息系统的人机交互方面通常被认为是太小（只有屏幕界面），在太晚的发展过程（仅在设计阶段）。因此，往往一个缺口的表达。moreists满足组织的需求和支持和丰富人类用户之间的。这个问题可以通过仔细整合人机交互的发展为软件开发生命周期过程中实现真正的以人为本的开发方法。本文探讨了人机交互系统开发中的作用，证明考虑人机交互贯穿整个软件开发生命周期的重要性，提出了一种方法，以人为中心的发展，并演示了如何应用这种方法来发展以人为中心的信息系统。

Keyword：系统开发生命周期（SDLC）；信息系统；信息系统中人的因素（发布）；人机交互（HCI）；信息系统开发方法；以用户为中心的设计；以人为中心的系统开发

文章2： 题目

对影响敏感的多人–计算机相互作用

要认识到一个人的情感状态是COM的沟通与情绪智力的核心能力。情感intelligenceisafacetofhumanintelligencethathasbeenarguedtobe不可缺少的也许是最重要的成功的跨-个人的社会互动。本文认为，新一代人机交互（HCI）的设计需要包括情商来识别用户的情感状态，为了更加哼……能力的本质morean一样，更多的有效性，并更有效。情感的激发调节所有非言语communicativecues（面部表情，架，和声乐生理反应）。在面对面的互动，人类探测和解释这些互动的信号有很少或没有努力，他们的沟通。然而，一个自动化系统，完成这些任务的设计和开发是比较困难的。本文调查了过去的工作由计算机在解决这些问题，并提供了一系列建议，为开发智能多模态人机交互的用户的非语言情感反馈个性化自动分析仪的第一部分。

Keyword：

情感计算；人机交互（HCI）；情感状态；非言语交际线索的自动分析；多模态人机交互的个性化人机交互。

文章3：

题目：人机交互：跨学科的根和趋势

Abstract：方法，理论，在人机交互（HCI）领域的实践都产生互动的软件，可以用来操作，能有效，安全目标，并满意。人机交互是跨学科和多学科的行为在其根。人机交互的核心概念是可用性，使用加有用缓解。实现了良好的可用性，需要注意两个产品的发展过程中，特别是对用户的交互设计，应服务……莫里作为用户界面的软件组件的要求。本文回顾了一些建模支持人机交互的实践理论，开发生命周期的活动，和很多的实践，构成` `可用性工程”。兴趣在HCI的未来应用领域包括新的交互方式，虚拟环境，万维网，信息可视化，和可穿戴计算。

Keyword：

发展的过程；用户交互；万维网；互动系统；理论与实践；人为因素；应用领域；软件构件；弗吉尼亚理工大学；可用性工程；认知心理学；交互方式；人类±计算机；良好的可用性

文章4：

题目：人机交互的方法训练的交通控制 Abstract：

在瑞典，列车已经在过去的几年中增加和今天的任何时候都高。同时为提高正点率和更好的可预测性要求越来越高。是否有可能提高准时，从而可能利用基础设施资源更优化的控制列车交通提供改进的系统的出现，这将是一个非常有效的方法提高列车。本文研究的一个主要目标，对我morenvestigate如何，从人机交互的角度，系统可以被设计来更好的支持人的能力和能力的一个有效途径火车交通控制。对复杂系统的控制人类早期的研究有助于这方面的工作。本研究的一个重要组成部分，是获取知识的边缘有火车调度执行他们今天的工作和困难的关系。研究了以用户为中心的方法。在密切合作运行的火车交通专业人士探讨和发展的解决和改善情况自项目开始于1996建议的控制新策略，解决这样一个系统的设计已被开发和一定程度的评价。瑞典国家铁路管理局（国家铁路局）正计划建立基于控制的策略和思路从这个研究项目的操作控制系统。

Keyword：同一时间；人机交互；交通控制；乌普萨拉大学；人机交互划分；部门；列车控制；有效途径；列车控制；控制复杂；列车调度员 文章5：

题目:在人机交互说话口头语预测

Abstract：本研究的特点自然说话disfluencies典型的人机交互，并给出了其发生的一个预测模型会计。数据在三个实证研究中人们说或者写一个高度互动的模拟系统为他们完成业务交易的收集。研究涉及的学科内的析因设计的输入方式和格式是不同的。口语不流利的人机接口速率在……moreraction被证明是大大低于率通常观察到的类似人类的演讲中。两个独立的因素，增加与规划的要求，是高等disifuency率显著相关：（我）长度的话语；和（2）在演示文稿格式缺乏结构。回归技术证明了线性模型基于简单的发音长度占了在说话disfluencies 77%变异。因此，设计方法，能够指导用户讲话简短的句子要消除说话disfluencies大多数潜在的。在这项研究中，例如，一个结构化的表示格式成功地消除了6O 70%的不流利的讲话。本研究的长期目标是提供强大的语言技术设计经验的指导。Keyword：工程俄勒冈；人机交互；呈现方式；预测说话disfluencies；工艺盒 文章6：

题目：教学交互：第一次的经验

Abstract：人机交互是在哥斯达黎加大学最近的纪律。在本文中，我们提出的第一个学年关于人类-计算机交互的先修课程的经验，本科和硕士课程，设计和教。HCI课程介绍战略包括两个步骤：1）启动一个专门的本科课程在第一学期，和2）启动一个专门的硕士课程中的第二个任期，同时发展。moreaught与本科课程。课程大纲都分享。然而，由于差异的本科生和研究生的学生在本科和硕士课程的差异，评价方法的实施，导致更多的任务和研究生水平较高的紧迫性。在教室里的工作是为每个不同的课程，因为研究生可以建立自己的知识的基础上以前的工作经验和思想的交流与其他学生。在本科和硕士课程，强调的是实践的理论支持。

Keyword

人机交互；人机互动教学

文章7：

题目：人机交互

Abstract：人机交互是通过物理或心理互动确立人与计算机之间的关系的过程。在这里，我们总结了人机交互的基础上，与历史的互动形式与产品设计。后来的人机交互的不同方面进行了应用，如人机交互通过逼真的人脸模型，人脸识别技术的人机交互界面，远程教育和人机交互。USI……moreng人工智能系统，我们可以把所有这些方面，提供了一个先进的人机交互，计算机或机器人能够识别人脸的学习和掌握自己的情绪反应，通过面部模型，连接到不同的世界大学通过远程教育和帮助社会中通过学生福利改进尽可能的。

Keyword：人机交互；人脸模型；人机交互；远程教育；产品设计；智能

文章8：

题目：提供用户模型直接访问接口：一个简单的界面和交互影响的HRI的探索性研究 Abstract：

用户模型的方式来理解和提高计算机接口的可用性。我们在这里提出的ACT-R认知建模语言的一个公开的驾驶模拟一个简单的模拟机器人接口交互模型。该模型通过将位图的解析的新用途未修改的Java接口进行交互。该模型的结构开始描述知识的人为操作的机器人必须具备的。该模型还表明某些方面……更多的任务将为运营商很难。例如，该模型的性能进行定量的预测机器人的速度会如何影响导航的质量，以及相关的人的行为。而模型并不能涵盖所有的人机交互方面，它说明了如何提供用户模型通过位图访问接口可以导致更准确和更广泛的适用模型的用户。

Keyword：图形用户界面；人机交互；图像处理；人机交互；遥操作；用户建模；用户接口的人为因素

文章9：

题目：公共服务的设计标准 Abstract：

本文的重点是对公共服务的设计标准。本文挑战传统的列表的可用性标准的设计和评估的IT系统支持。传统的标准在人机交互领域内被认为是太有限，扩大鉴于通信和业务过程提出。这扩展的视野内，现有的可用性标准被认为是重要的但不是充分的。基于这一要求，标准也支持系统提出了moreation和企业的行动…。该标准是关于发展的实证研究产生的电子服务。这种服务的目的是支持企业之间的沟通和市当公司将获得经营许可。分析在这种情况下，通信的需要已经产生的设计和评价标准，为特定利益互补。标准生成的例子有：用户成为有良好的条件（感知，理解和信息支持），区分信息和表演之间的部分，提供元信息（目的和内容）。

Keyword：可用性；人机交互；电子政务；电子商务；电子政务；电子商务；人机交互（HCI）；可用性

文章10：

题目：人机交互作为一门工程学科：是或不是！？

Abstract：在新兴的跨学科领域的人机交互的主要挑战之一（HCI）是一个研究的线，可以使验证设计知识交互系统的设计，预测能力发展的规范。基于三种不同的元素交互系统的设计方法：（1）人（的），（2）技术人工制品（S），和（3）的情况下使用，不同的学科有不同的研究范式，这……更多新领域：具有强烈的社会经验和实验方法科学，工业设计和交互设计与艺术设计的高度重视，和工程学科具有较强的技术和正式的AP的方法。本项目提出了建议，并结合不同的研究和基于三角网的设计范式的优势的一种可能的方式，我们认为人机交互作为一门工程学科。

Keyword：

人机交互；研究议程的设计范式；三角剖分；

第三篇：科技英语阅读翻译

Before any evidence can be introduced in support of the topic at hand, the definition of invention must be established.Legally, an invention is a new, useful, and non-obvious process, machine, or product.Maurice Fabre, author of A History of Land

Transportation(1963), offered an interesting take on the automobile and its inventor.“who, for that matter ,can say who invented the automobile? Was it Cugnot with his lumbering 'fardier' of 1769? Was it Trevithick with his steam carriage of 1801, or Benz or Daimler with their first successful internal combustion gasoline engine cars of 1886?It depends what you mean by an automobile.” in the year 2001, what do we consider the automobile to be ? I invite the reader to take a minute to look out the window.I see a street lined with cars.Many of these cars possess similar shapes and sizes.In fact, some of them are the same make and model, only different colors.What does this tell us about the modern automobile? The modern automobile is not a single vehicle;it is a collection of millions of cars designed for utilization by a mass market.In fact, we could argue that the modern automobile is a giant technological system that entails a way of life.Entire economies depend on this automobile.Engineers design the components, machinists manufacture the components, assemblers assemble the components into complete systems, truck drivers deliver the assembled product, and salesmen sell the product to the masses.This brief description does not even account for the office

workers who handle logistics and maintain financial accounts, or the separate companies that mine raw materials or design and manufacture the needed machine tools.What would the economy of the United States be like without the modern automobile?

Obviously, the modern automobile and self propelled vehicle are necessarily the same.翻译：在任何证据被介绍来支持这个主题以前，必须建立发明的定义。从法律意义上来说,一项发明是一个新的、有用的创造性工艺、机器、或产品。Maurice Fabre的《陆运的历史》(1963)提供了一个有趣的汽车和其发明者。“关于那件事,谁可以说是谁发明了汽车吗?是1769年笨拙的柯诺特吗? 这是1801年特里维西克他的蒸汽运输车,或奔驰或戴姆勒的首次成功或1886年克莱斯勒的内部燃烧汽油引擎的汽车吗?那要看你怎么说一辆汽车。“在2001年,我们认为什么是汽车呢?我请读者花一分钟的时间往窗外看。我看到了街两旁的汽车。这些汽车具有相似的形状和大小。事实上,他们中的一些是相同的厂牌和型号,只是不同的颜色。这个是在告诉我们什么是关于现代的汽车吗?现代汽车不是单独的车辆,它是一个收集数百万辆汽车设计利用的大规模市场。事实上,我们可以认为在我们的生活方式中现代汽车是一个巨大的技术系统,整个经济依赖这种汽车。工程师设计组件,机械师制造部件,组装成完整的系统组装元件,卡车司机提供产品的组装、销售人员卖产品到群众。这一简单的描述甚至占用不了上班族们处理物流和维护金融帐户或者单独的的矿业公司开采原材料或设计和制造所需的工具的时间。如果没有现代汽车美国的经济将会怎么样呢？显然，现代汽车和自行式车辆必须是一样的。

第四篇：英语科技论文翻译

3G TECHNOLOGY Abstract The 21 century is an ages of the information economy, being the 3G TECHNOLOGY of representative technologies this ages, will be at very fast speed develop soon in continuously creatively, and will go deep into the people's work, life and study.Therefore, control this technology and then seem to be more to deliver the importance.Now I mainly introduce some knowledge of the 3G TECHNOLOGY.Keywords GPRS, TD-SCDMA，WCDMA , EDGE ,CDMA2000 , WAP , SYMBIAN G, the third Generation, known as the Chinese meaning is refers to the third Generation of digital communication.The growth of the global 3G was rapidly in recent years.From 2002 to 2008, the 3 G operators have been gradually from the original is pale and management to the accelerated development.By June 2008, global 3 G users accumulative total up to 709 million, the total 84 countries and regions issued 3 G licenses, including effective certificate for 249 copies.Our country of 3 G development is relatively later than the advanced countries.In 2009, China was officially forward 3 G time.In the economic crisis of the downturn state，China's ministry of information industry issued three third generation mobile communication(3 G)license for China mobile, China telecom and China Unicom.China Mobile use our country with independent intellectual property rights of the 3 G standard TD-SCDMA , China Telecom get CDMA2000 license and China Unicom WCDMA license.2009 as China 3 G formal first commercial.Although the technology behind 3G may seem complicated, the ways in which 3G will affect all of our lives are easy to imagine.Just imagine having a combined camera, video-camera, computer, stereo, and radio included in your mobile phone.Rich-media information and entertainment will be at your fingertips whenever you want anywhere there is a wireless network.Mobile communication is moving from simple voice to rich media, where we use more of our senses to intensify our experiences.But not all of this will happen at once.3G is an evolution to a communications ideal that no one completely understands yet.What we do know is that mobile multimedia will hit the Japanese markets in 2001, and Europe and North America will follow soon after.3G brings together high-speed radio access and IP-based services into one, powerful environment.The step towards IP is vital.IP is packet-based, which in simple terms, means users can be “on line” at all times, but without having to pay until we actually send or receive data.The connectionless nature of IP also makes access a lot faster: file downloads can take a few seconds and we can be connected to our corporate network with a single click.3G introduces wideband radio communications, with access speeds of up to 2Mbit/s.Compared with today's mobile networks, 3G will significantly boost network capacityAt home 3G is going to affect our home and social lives in many ways.The services that 3G enables will help us to manage our personal information, simplify tasks such as grocery shopping, make better use of our time and offer services that are just fun to use.Operators will be able to develop myriad new service opportunities to attract and retain new customers.Here are some examples:

· You're sitting on a train and use this “dead” time to log on to your bank account, check your balance and pay a few billsAt work

3G will not just support the needs of businesspeople who travel a lot, but will also help new, flexible working practices, such as home-working and remote access to corporate networks outside traditional working hours.Businesspeople are often high-volume airtime users, so they represent a big opportunity for mobile operators.Here are some examples:

·

At work you receive a message from your “smart” refrigerator at home.The message tells you that certain items need restocking and an order has already been prepared for the local grocery store, which you can approve, so that your groceries are ready to collect on the way home.·

You are on the road, and urgently need to discuss a draft presentation with a number of colleagues back in the office.Pulling into a service station, you use your 3G device to hold a telephone conference with your colleagues and, at the same time, you can all view the draft presentation and make changes on line.·

A maintenance engineer is repairing some equipment on a client's premises and hits a problem.Using his 3G device, he contacts his department and downloads a demonstration video that guides him through the repair process.TECHNOLOGY 3G brings together two powerful forces: wideband radio communications and IP-based services.Together, these lay the groundwork for advanced Mobile Internet services, including personalized portals, “infotainment”, mobile commerce and unified messaging-encompassing high-speed data, superior quality voice and video and location-based services.Making 3G a reality depends on technology developments in different areas.These include

amendments to the radio interface to support wideband communications and in the core network.Supporting technologies, such as WAP and Bluetooth, also have an important role to play.This section provides a brief overview of some of the main technologies and developments involved.Ericsson supports all of these technologies and has played an active role in their development.·GPRS General Packet Radio Service(GPRS)is an enhancement to existing GSM and TDMA networks that introduces packet data transmission, enabling “always on” mobility.This means that users can choose to be permanently logged on to e-mail, Internet access and other services, but do not have to pay for these services unless sending or receiving information.When EDGE is added to GPRS, these data rates will increase up to 384kbit/s.GPRS will be implemented by adding new packet data nodes and upgrading existing nodes to provide a routing path for packet data between the mobile terminal and a gateway node.The gateway node will provide interworking with external packet data networks for access to the Internet and intranets.Benefits:

·Faster data speeds and “always on” mobility ·Almost instantaneous connection set-up

·Connection to an abundance of data sources around the world, through support for multiple protocols, including IP

·A step towards full 3G services.·TD-SCDMA All called Time Division-Synchronous CDMA , this standard is formulated by mainland China alone the 3 G standard.On June 29, 1999, the China telecom science and technology and telecommunications research institute(Datang Telecom)to the ITU, but technical invention father put forward in Siemens AG.TD-SCDMA has the characteristics of low radiation, known as the green 3 G.This standard will intelligent wireless, synchronous CDMA and software radio today the international leading technology into which, in spectrum use efficiency, the business support for flexibility, frequency flexibility and cost, and other aspects of the unique advantages.In addition, because of the huge market in China, the standard by the major telecommunications equipment manufacturer to the attention of the world, more than half of the equipment factory now announced that can support TD-SCDMA standards.This standard is made after 2.5 of the intermediate links, and the generation of directly to the 3 G transition, so it is suitable to GSM system to 3 G to upgrade.Military communication network is the core of TD-SCDMA task.·WCDMA

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA)is a wideband radio technique that provides far higher data rates than other radio techniques available today, up to 2Mbit/s, and highly efficient use of radio spectrum.The higher bandwidth that WCDMA provides will deliver the full potential of 3G.For example，WCDMA allows simultaneous access to several voice, video and data services at once.WCDMA is fully compliant with IMT-2000 and is the air interface technology for standards in the 2GHz bandwidth(the IMT-2000 core band), known as UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)in Europe and ARIB(Association of Radio Industry Businesses)in Japan.Ericsson has been at the forefront of WCDMA development.The company delivered an experimental WCDMA system to NTT DoCoMo in Japan back in 1998.Ericsson has also set up WCDMA test systems around the world.At 2000, Ericsson announced its first family of WCDMA base stations.·EDGE

Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution(EDGE)enables GSM and TDMA operators to offer 3G services using existing network frequencies.By making changes and additions to standardization of evolutionary phases of the air interface and the backbone networks, as well as the migration to ALL-IP and multimedia networks.·CDMA2000 CDMA2000 is a decidedly efficient 3G standard for the delivery of high bandwidth data and high capacity voice services.The evolution of the cdma2000 standard will enable mobile systems to offer data throughputs of 2 Mbit/sec and beyond.The higher bandwidth that cdma2000 provides will deliver the full potential of 3G.For example, cdma2000 also allows simultaneous access to several voice, video and data services at once.CDMA2000 is fully compliant with IMT-2000 requirements for 3G.CDMA2000 will be implemented in the existing frequency bands of CMDA and TDMA at 800 and 1900 MHz, as well as in new spectrum at 2GHz in Japan.Ericsson is a leader in cdma2000 development, and a key driver in the standardization of evolutionary phases of the air interface and the backbone networks, as well as the migration to ALL-IP and multimedia networks.·Bluetooth

Bluetooth is an open standard for two-way, short-wave radio communications between different devices.It marks the end of cables and cords between mobile phones, palmtops, portable PCs and printers, for example.Furthermore, Bluetooth enables information between such devices to be synchronized.Diary information held on a PDA can be updated automatically when within range of a Bluetooth-enabled PC.Bluetooth is also going to be important for machine-to-machine communicationshundreds of companies are members of the worldwide WAP Forum。The latest version of the WAP standard, WAP 1.2.1, has recently been launched.Our dedicated WAP consutants are ready to assist operators and service providers sharpen their competitive edge.They help today's businesses adapt to the new economy and create cost-effective, innovative ways to communicate with customers.What will 3G give us

People will enjoy the 3G time what services it provide, the image of that, 3G is video conference on that plane;3G is patients receive timely assistance of medical experts;3G is fans will not miss the NBA basketball game;3G is to share with friends your beautiful vacation in Hawaii.· more and more 3G video phone

All along, we use QQ, MSN chat with friends remotely.As the mobile data transfer rate, image processing, transmission, mainly the acceptance of such display devices makes mobile video chat stranded.3G time to rely on high-speed 3G data transmission network, which 3G mobile phone users can “face to face” conversation.Through mobile video, As far away from the mother via cell phone together, were falling through the mobile phone lovers can meet again.·3G Push into the mobile phone shopping blowout Use the mobile internet shopping is a new way to shop, mobile shopping not only will be able to let consumer buy goods but also makes the satisfaction convenient for consumers to pick and choose goods compared with the constant.With the improvement of China's 3G network , more and more users will choose to phone shopping patterns.China's mobile phone shop will grow rapidly in a period.Online businesses not only include clothing, books, cell phones, toys, audio-visual products and other daily goods put on the network shelf, cars, laptop computers, jewelry and other luxury goods are also options for the list.One need only log out of 3G mobile phone shopping website of product information, we can buy our favorite items.Online shopping is not only cheaper than the mall , better able to send home delivery.If not satisfied can return on schedule, on-line business integrity committed to ensuring that the consumer's shopping safety.·Broadband Internet access to mobile phones to be a “small computer” Although China has just begun the road to 3G, broadband internet access business has been a bright spot, we can send and receive voice messages on the phone, write a blog, chat, search, download and so on, as well as top-notch services such as online games, mobile navigation, online chat and so on.·the key to the Mobile Office-OA system Although compared with traditional office, automation system greatly improves the working efficiency.However, the limitations of the region's OA system is limited to local area network applications, this office brings to enterprises a lot of inconvenience.Mobile office can keep in touch with units and complete work in anytime and at anywhere.3G mobile phones can download and install office, java and other office software, office software and hardware will be the traditional “compression” in the palm of a large mobile phone.·LCD TVs will be included in Mobile TV Mobile TV is to use with the operating system and streaming video-enabled smart phones to watch TV business.It is a multimedia that use CMMB technology, whether it is GPRS mobile phone or CD-MA1X phone, need to be equipped with mobile terminal operating system to install the appropriate player software.TV programs from the corresponding mobile communication company or by the corresponding SP to organize and deliver.Despite the development of a thriving scene 3G, but because mobile streaming media software, smooth video images and other technical aspects of picture quality there are some problems, Mobile TV strides also takes some time.3G技术

摘要：

21世纪是信息经济的时代，作为这个时代的代表技术，3G技术将在非常快的速度发展很快，不断创造性地将进入人们的工作，学习和生活中深。因此，控制这种技术，然后似乎更有重要性。现在，我主要介绍一些3G技术的知识。

关键字：探地雷达，TD-SCDMA，WCDMA，边缘，CDMA2000，桅索制动器，操作系统使用的手机设备

3G，全称为3rd Generation，中文含义就是指第三代数字通信。全球3G近年来快速成长，从2002年到2008年，全球3G运营商已经逐步从最初的惨淡经营转为现在的加速发展，截止2008年6月，全球3G用户累计已达到7.09亿，全球共有84个国家和地区发放了3G许可证，其中有效证为249张。

我国3G发展相对先进国家比较晚，2009年我国才正式迈进3G时代，在经济危机低迷的状态下，2009年1月7日，中国工业和信息化部为中国移动、中国电信和中国联通发放3张第三代移动通信（3G）牌照。中国移动使用我国具有自主知识产权的3G标准TD-SCDMA，中国电信获得CDMA2000牌照，中国联通获得WCDMA牌照。2009年成为中国3G正式商用年。

虽然在 3 G 后面的技术可能很复杂, 但是3 G 将会在我们生活中产生的影响是我们可以想象的。仅仅想像在你的行动电话中加入照相机、摄像机、计算机、音响以及收音机功能。这样，无论何时何地你都将能够通过无线网络获得大量的媒体信息和娱乐。

移动通信正在由单一的语音通信向多媒体方向发展,通过此途径来加深我们对外界的感觉。

但不是这全部都将立刻发生。至今为止没有一个人能够完全掌握3G的发展的进程。我们唯一确信的是2001年多媒体移动通信将冲击日本市场，而且欧洲和北美也将很快发展多媒体通信市场。

3G在带来高速的语音通路之外还集以IP为基础的服务为一身,有强大的发展环境。向IP方向发展是至关重要的。IP技术是以简单的数据包传输为基础的, 可以使用户同时上网，但是不必花钱除了我们发送或接收数据。IP 的自然无连接性可以大大提高存取速率: 文件下载只需要很短的时间，而且只需轻轻一点就能和网络连接上。

3G采用多频率通信技术,并且达到 2 Mbit/s 的通路速度。与现在的移动网络相比较,3G将会极大的提高网络容量-因此将能够支持更多的使用者, 同时能够提供更多复杂的服务。3 GSynchronous CDMA(时分同步CDMA)，该标准是由中国大陆独自制定的3G标准，1999年6月29日，中国原邮电部电信科学技术研究院（大唐电信）向ITU提出，但技术发明始祖于西门子公司，TD-SCDMA具有辐射低的特点，被誉为绿色3G。该标准将智能无线、同步CDMA和软件无线电等当今国际领先技术融于其中，在频谱利用率、对业务支持具有灵活性、频率灵活性及成本等方面的独特优势。另外，由于中国内的庞大的市场，该标准受到各大主要电信设备厂商的重视，全球一半以上的设备厂商都宣布可以支持TD—SCDMA标准。该标准提出不经过2.5代的中间环节，直接向3G过渡，非常适用于GSM系统向3G升级。军用通信网也是TD-SCDMA的核心任务。· WCDMA

宽带码分多址接入技术(WCDMA)提供的数据传送速率远远大于现在我们采用的通信方式,提供高达2Mbit/s的传输速率, 大大提高了光纤对语音信号的传输率。3G提供更宽的带宽是3G中存在的巨 大的潜能。例如，WCDMA能够使语音信号、视频信号和数据同时进行传输。

WCDMA完全遵照了IMT-2000提出的2GHz带宽标准(IMT-2000中心带宽),就像是在欧洲采用的UMTS(全球的移动传输系统)和日本采用的ARIB(语音信号工业标准联盟)。

爱立信在WCDMA的研发方面走在了前列。公司早在1988年就在日本为移动通信网络开始了WCDMA的实验活动。爱立信已经在全球建立了WCDMA的测试系统。在2000年，爱立信

宣布了他建立了WCDMA的基站。·EDGE 全球革命性的提高传输速率将是原来的GSM和TSMA运营商利用现有的设备提供3G服务。通过制定新的通信附加标准来对无线通信和网络中枢进化标准化,同时改革所有的IP业务和多媒体网络。· cdma2000 cdma2000对于提高宽带传输速率和递送高质量的语音服务无疑是3G标准最有效率的。cdma2000标准的发展将会使移动通信系统能够提供2Mbit/sec的数据传输率甚至超过这个标准。cdma2000提供的带宽向我们展示了3G的潜能。举例来说，cdma2000允许同时的传输多组声音图像数据。

cdma2000完全融合了IMT-2000标准，并且满足了3G的标准。cdma2000可以通过现有的CMDA和TDMA在800到1900 MHz的频段上实现,就像日本在2GHz的光谱中实现。

爱立信是cdma2000研发的先行者,它制定了对无线通信和网络中枢进行改革的新标准,同时也提出了对IP和多媒体网络进行改革的意见。· 蓝牙

蓝牙是在不同的装置之间进行双通道短波传输的公开标准。举例来说,它的出现标志着通过电缆进行移动通信连接掌上电脑或笔记本电脑的时代已经过去。此外，蓝牙能够说数据传输同步化。存储在智能数字助理上的日程表可以在个人计算机中蓝牙能够达到范围里面自动更新。蓝牙将成为通信领域中用于不同设备之间传输数据最重要的手段，同时它也将成为发展最快的发展领域。

蓝牙技术是终端和其他设备使用移动通信网络的关键。蓝牙即可应用到现在的2G网络也可以支持3G系统,它将会在未来的移动通信中占据越来越重要的地位。爱立信已经研制出了蓝牙装置,包括T36蓝牙手机和蓝牙掌上设备。

蓝牙是由爱立信公司首先研制的,但现在蓝牙主要是由一个特殊的世界组织来主管。此技术已在所有电信器械生产商、计算机制造商以及芯片制造商中普及。· Symbian Symbian是一个被包括爱立信，诺基亚，摩托罗拉和 Psion公司共同投资的项目。Symbian的目标是通过以下两种方式提高其在移动通信市场的份额: · 第一, 通过发展软件的核心，优化系统结构，进一步的研发手机通信设备工具(例如个人数传助手，小巧的手机和通信器材)。

· 第二,制定移动设备传输信息的标准。Symbian的EPOC操作系统已经研制成功，而且爱立信已经在R380中使用了EPOC操作系统。· 无线传输通讯协定

无线传输通讯协定(无线传输通讯协定)是一个全球性的协议，是通过移动设备访问英特网的公开标准。它可以使用户通过移动设备例如手机和便携设备访问整个移动网络和受据库服务商,不用用不同的设备完成这些任务。

无线传输通讯协定允许统过建立“无线传输通讯协定微型浏览器”组织电话信息的方向, 同样地网络浏览器经由英特网-个人计算机提供在线服务。典型地，无线传输通讯协定监控屏将会显示各种不同的服务或数据入口的若干超链接。

和采用无线传输通讯协定的手机一样,爱立信也已经宣布研制出一种无线传输通讯协定来服务开发者的装备(WapIDE)和无线传输通讯协定出入口/代理,用移动的网络在英特网和局域网络环境中来桥接无线传输通讯协定申请和服务。除此之外，爱立信提供应用专利, 像是爱立信本土化了英特网(ELI)给本地服务 , 提供时间和发展环境给无线传输通讯协定申请的无线传输通讯协定应用服务商。

爱立信是无线传输通讯协定论坛的四个最初成员之一。自从 1997 以后，当它成立的时候, 无线传输通讯协定论坛已经得到广泛的工业厂商的支持，他们大部分都是是世界无线传输通讯协定论坛的成员。最新版的无线传输通讯协定标准，无线传输通讯协定 1.2.1,刚刚被开发出来。

我们将尽全力来推进无线传输通讯协定，准备协助运营商和服务提供商在竞争中处与更有利的地位。这有助于我们调整现今的业务来适应新经济的发展，更有效的利用资源，用创新的方法与客户沟通。

3G能给我们带来什么

3G时代人们将会享受到他为我们提供的哪些服务呢，形象的说，3G就是飞机上的视频会议；3G就是病人接受及时救助的医学专家；3G就是篮球迷不会错过的NBA比赛；3G就是与朋友共享你在夏威夷的美好假期。· 视频手机因3G勃兴而扬帆启航

一直以来，我们通过QQ、MSN等视频聊天功能，与亲朋好友进行远程视频聊天。由于手机数据传输速率、图像处理传输、接受显示设备等达不到要求使得手机视频聊天搁浅。3G时代依靠3G网络的数据高速传输，从而3G手机用户可以“面对面”交谈。通过手机视频，相距万水千山的母子能够通过手机相聚，分别日久的恋人能够通过手机重逢。· ３Ｇ推动手机购物进入井喷期

用手机上网购物是一种新的购物方式，手机购物不仅让消费者足不出户就能买到满意商品 更使得消费者能够方便快捷的对商品进行挑选比较，随着我国3G网络的不断完善，越来越多的用户将会选择手机购物模式。我国的手机购物将会迎来一个高速增长期。

网上商家不仅将服装、图书、手机、玩具、音像制品等日常商品摆上网络货架，汽车、笔记本电脑、珠宝等高档商品也在备选之列。人们只要拿出３Ｇ手机登陆购物网站查询商品信息，就能够买到心仪的物品。网上购物价格不仅比商场便宜，更能够送货到家，如果不满意可以按期退货，网上商家诚信承诺保证了消费者的购物安全。· 宽带上网使手机成为“小电脑”

虽然中国的3G之路刚刚开始，宽带上网已是亮点业务，我们能在手机上收发语音邮件、写博客、聊天、搜索、下载等，还有拔尖业务，如网络游戏、手机导航、网上聊天等。· 手机办公—OA系统桎梏开启的钥匙

传统自动化办公系统虽然较之从前大大提高了办公效率，然而区域的局限使的 OA系统仅限于应用局域网，这给企事业单位办公带来了很多的不方便。手机办公可以随时随地与单位的信息系统保持联系，完成办公功能越来越受到人们的青睐。３Ｇ手机可以下载安装office、java等办公软件，将传统办公软硬件“压缩”在手掌大的手机上。· 手机电视将液晶电视收入囊中

手机电视是利用具有操作系统和流媒体视频功能的智能手机观看电视的业务，它是利用CMMB技术推出的便携式的移动的多媒体，不管是 GPRS手机还是CD－

MA1X手机，都需要在装有操作系统的手机终端上安装相应的播放软件，而相应的电视节目则由移动通信公司或者通过相应的SP来组织和提供。尽管３Ｇ发展一片欣欣向荣的景象，然而由于手机流媒体软件，视频影像的流畅、画面质量等技术方面存有问题，手机电视大踏步前进还需要时日。

河南科技学院

信息工程082班

零三七八作品

第五篇：科技英语-翻译

1.If you are successful, you won’t have to go ask for a raise or accept what you’re given or worry about being turned out when a younger version of yourself comes along.如果你是成功的，你就不用请求加薪，不必勉强接受所给予你的，无需担心年轻的你一路走来会达到什么成就

2.What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by.关于发展援助给当地居民经济替代切割森林和耕作土地怎么样？这样的资金得来不易

3.He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他是不可能真正快乐的，如果被社会强迫做自己不喜欢做的事情,又或者喜欢做的事情被社会所忽略、被认为是毫无价值、不重要的。

4.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably.面对网络大范围内的病毒攻击，但是我们会越来越依赖于网络的功能，这使得我们更加沮丧

5.In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?

在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢?

6.Once infected, your money will be transferred to an additional account opened by the virus program without anybody knowing it.一旦感染,你的钱就会转移到所建立的其他帐户上了病毒程序的没有任何人知道。

7.Petroleum is believed to be produced naturally from dead animals and vegetable matter at the bottoms of shallow seas and swamps.石油被认为是脱离死动物和植物物质的底部的浅海区,沼泽地自然的产生。

8.Either party that disagrees to the arbitration may file a law suit at the people’s court.任何反对仲裁的一方都可以向法院提出诉讼。

9.Planning involves setting the firm’s objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods to achieve these objectives.规划包括制定公司阶段性目标并决定达到这些目标的方法策略。

10.If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation.如果宇宙中所有的东西都取决于其他所有在一个基本的方式,有可能无法接近一个完整的解决问题的部分，是孤立的。

11.But genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.但是转基因、抗病毒的庄稼可以减轻损失，就如因水资源短缺限制了耕地数量的地区使用耐旱种子一样。

12.In most consumer countries, oil has also dominated national economies, as a major component of imports and thus substantially affecting balances of payments.在大多数的消费者国家、油也占主导地位,作为一个国家经济的重要组成部分,从而大大影响进口国际收支平衡。

13.Whethe they survey children or adults, researchers find that active people are happier than sofa jockeys, and less prone to depression and suicide.通过儿童及成人的调查,研究人员发现,积极的人比沙发的赛马骑手更快乐,以及不易抑郁和自杀。

14.Choices are usually limited: find a good job in the small business world, stand in line at unemployment, or accept a cut in pay and benefits.机会总是有限的： 在一个小公司找一份好工作，排队等待下岗，或接受减薪。

15.Crude oil price increases have significantly contributed to the growth of inflation, and with it recession and mass unemployment.原油价格的显著上涨,导致了通货膨胀,并且造成了危机,使大量工人失业。

16.In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss the questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is.为了要讨论宇宙的本质和讨论这个问题，例如:是否有一个开始或结束时,你必须要清楚地了解什么是科学理论。

17.The oil emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle.油应急体系的建立主要是为抵消中断全球经济和稳定的威胁,而不是价格管理和商品周期。

1.他虽然学识渊博，但对这种生物科技引起的情况他也不知道如何应付。(for all)

2.只要不断努力，你早晚都会学好俄语的。(sooner or later)

If you keep trying, you will learn Russian sooner or later.3.那位新的候选人决定参加竞选时，竞争对手们的竞选活动均已达到高潮

4.这在很大程度上将取决于她对这一难题的反应。(depend on)

It depends a lot on her reaction to the problem.6.我上大学时只能靠粗茶淡饭过活。(live on)

I had to live on bread and water when I was a college student.7.中国是一个富产宝贵的自然资源—原油的国家。(be rich in)

8.我祖母的故乡位于纽约和芝加哥之间的某个小镇上。(inbetween)

My grandmother's hometown in New York and Chicagobetween a small town

9.不管怎样，在我们对人类对环境的影响做出科学的评估之前，仍有很长的一段路要走。(in any case)

10.跟其他同学不同，她花了近一个月时间才适应了大学生活。

(different from)

Different from other students, she spent nearly a month time to adapt to life at university.11.他所提的改进意见对我们很有价值。

(carry weight with)

His suggestions carry a lot of weight with us.12.人们赞扬这部电影中的男女主角在面临极大的灾难时表现出的英雄气概。

(in the face of)

13.这个数学问题远不像你一开始所想的那么复杂。(far from)

The maths problem is far from first you think so complicated

14.穷人的声音不被理睬，因为政府只制定对富人有益的政策。（tune out）

15、但欧洲花了很长时间才对中国的崛起醒悟过来

16、一些鸟类栖息地的迁移也与气候变暖的趋势一致。

17、在这个试验中，这种基因改造过的玉米将接受有意的危险性测试。

18、他们感到现在的一套对他们益处不大，所以多过去很留恋。

19、中国西部有着丰富的土地和资源，具有很大的开发潜力

20、显然，我们难以招募到素质好的职员

21、我对这部电影里的任何角色都难以认同。

22、油气圈闭层由顶层、储集层和底层岩石组成23、当你在实验中看到那样的东西时，你会知道你会有所发现。

24、他们还提供给我们一些关于为什么身体健康的人比其他人更易于受到感染的线索。

25、采访者会连珠炮式地提出很多问题而不给你很多思考答案的时间。

26、我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会作出贡献。

27、他会看天文星象运行，加以估算及预测。

28、原有道路宽度不合规定者，应一律逐渐拓宽。

29、那个国家已处在生死存亡的关头。

30、我反对该项计划，理由是花费太大。

31、现在石油化工成品占所有化学制品的四分之一