找点活翻译答案

第一篇：找点活翻译答案

In the old society, artists usually had to raise a family and led a poor life.We Ping Opera actors often couldn't buy enough food because of the small wage and had to do part-time jobs after singing operas.Some pulled rickshaws;some collected rags and sold them;some sold cigarettes.It was commonplace for opera actors to be a part-time factory workers and opera actors who were also smokers always pick up cigarette butts.The rule at that time was that only when the gong was sounded which meant that the theatre opened, actors would be paid.When it was rainy or cloudy and the gong would not be sounded, actors would not be paid.After the 23rd of the lunar year when the statue of the creator of operas would be carried to the front stage and actors had to wait until the first day of the first month of the lunar year when they could open the theatre again.My family was impoverished.My father was a peddler and my mother a housewife.I was the oldest in my family and had many sisters and brothers.I was frugal at that time and always pondered how to improve harsh conditions of my family.In the morning when I went out to practice singing, I always picked up coal pellets and put them into a small basket that I took with me so that I could use them to keep the house warm.I had to be clever when I did this and change places often so that I could protect myself from those naughty boys who always picked up coal pellets in groups.They were mean when they saw girls picking up coal pellets.They would pull my braid and threw bugs on me, which frightened me so much that I would escape at the sight of them.On the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month the Kitchen God wnt up to heaven, and the theatre shut down until New Year’s Day.When that happened, actors’pay stopped and they were hard put to it.Each had to fend for himself, and we young actresses did whatever work we could pick up, I went with some other girls to the East Asia Woollen Mill to do odd jobs like unraveling strands of wool or sweeping the floor.We had to queue up before dawn when there were still stars in the sky.A long queue formed before the mill’s gate opened.The foreman came out with a whip, as if herding cattle, and chalked a number on our backs, one by one.That number showed that we were taken on.But such small jobs were really hard to come by.Often, when we’d queued up for hours before the gate opened, after chalking a few numbers the foreman would say, “That’s all!No more hands needed!” At that we felt too disappointed for words!One summer a spell of bad weather closed down our theatre, and I went to queue up.I was lucky.Because I went early, before long I had a number chalked on my back.By the time we knocked off it was pouring with rain.As I ran home I didn’t mind being soaked.I was only worried that if the rain washed off the nubmer on my back I wouldn’t be able to go to work the next day.I frantically took off my gown, while it rained cats and dogs.Clutching my gown to my heart I flew home, and there, unfolding it, I was overjoyed to find that the number wasn’t washed out, though I was drenchd from head to foot like a drowned rat.*This was said to be the Tang emperor Minghuang, who founded the Pear Garden Company of actors.An altar for him was kept backstage, but moved to the front stage when the theatre closed.

第二篇：《活板》文言文翻译推荐

用刻板印刷书籍，唐朝人还没有大规模采用它。五代时才开始印刷五经，以后的各种图书都是雕板印刷本。下面是小编帮大家整理的《活板》文言文翻译，希望大家喜欢。

《活板》原文

板印书籍，唐人尚未盛为之。五代时始印五经，已后典籍皆为板本。

庆历中有布衣毕昇（毕升），又为活板。其法：用胶泥刻字，薄如钱唇，每字为一印，火烧令坚。先设一铁板，其上以松脂、蜡和纸灰之类冒之。欲印，则以一铁范置铁板上，乃密布字印，满铁范为一板，持就火炀之，药稍熔，则以一平板按其面，则字平如砥。若止印三二本，未为简易；若印数十百千本，则极为神速。常作二铁板，一板印刷，一板已自布字，此印者才毕，则第二板已具，更互用之，瞬息可就。每一字皆有数印，如“之”“也”等字，每字有二十余印，以备一板内有重复者。不用，则以纸帖之，每韵为一帖，木格贮之。有奇字素无备者，旋刻之，以草火烧，瞬息可成。不以木为之者，文理有疏密，沾水则高下不平，兼与药相粘，不可取；不若燔土，用讫再火令药熔，以手拂之，其印自落，殊不沾污。

昇死，其印为予群从所得，至今保藏。

字词翻译

板印书籍：用雕版印刷书籍。板印，用雕版、模板印刷。

盛为之：大规模地做这种事。之，指“板印书籍”。盛，大规模地。为，做。

五代：指唐以后的后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周等五个朝代。始，才。

五经：儒学的经典，指《易经》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《礼记》、《春秋》。汉后合称《五经》。

已后：即“以后”。已，同“以”。

典籍：泛指各种重要（文献）书籍。

板本：板印的本子。

庆历：宋仁宗年号（1041—1048）。

布衣：平民。这里指没有做官的读书人。古代平民穿麻布衣服，所以称布衣。

其：其，代词。做活板的方法。

钱唇：铜钱的边缘。

印：印模、字印。

令坚：使……坚硬。

和（huò）：混合。

以：用。

冒：蒙、盖。

欲：想。

范：框子。

持就火炀（yáng）之：把它拿到火上烤。就，靠近。炀，烤。

药：指上文说的松脂、蜡等物。

字平如砥（dǐ）：字印像磨刀石那样平。砥：磨刀石。

止：同“只”。

未为简易：不能算是简便。

数十百千：几十乃至百、千。

自：别自，另外。

具：准备好。

更（gēng）互：交替、轮流。

以：用来。

以纸帖（tiě）之：用纸条给它做标记。帖，用标签标出。

每韵为一帖(tiè)，木格贮（zhù）之：每一个韵部的字做一个标签，用木格子把它存放起来。韵，指韵部。帖，标签，名词。唐宋时，人们按照诗歌押韵的规律，把汉字分为206韵，后来又合并为106韵。

奇（jī）字：写法特殊，或生僻、不常用的字。

旋：随即，很快地。

不以木为之者：不用木头刻活字的原因。

文理：纹理，质地。

兼：又。

不可取：拿不下来。

燔（fán）土：指火烧过的黏土字印。燔：烧。

讫（qì）：终了，完毕。

拂（fú）：擦拭，掸去。

殊不：一点也不。

予：我。

群从（cóng）：堂兄弟及侄子辈。

《活板》全文翻译

用雕版印刷书籍，唐朝人还没有大规模地做这种事。五代时才开始用雕版印五经，此后，重要书籍都是版印出来的。

庆历年间，有个平民叫毕昇（毕升），又发明了活版印刷。它的办法是：用黏土来刻字模，（字模）薄得跟铜钱的边缘一样，每个字刻一个字模，用火烧使它坚硬。先设置一块铁板，在上面用松脂、蜡混合纸灰这类东西覆盖着。想印的时候，在铁板上放一个铁框子，（然后）就密密地排满字模，排满了就成为一版，（再）把它靠近火边烤，（等到）松脂和蜡稍稍熔化，就用一块平板放在版面上往下一压，字印像磨刀石那样平。如果只印两三本，还不算简便；如果印几十甚至成百上千本，那就极其快了。通常做两块铁板，这一块印刷，另一块已经另外在排字了，这一块刚刚印完，那一块已经准备好，两块交替使用，在极短的时间里就可以印完。每一个字都备有几个字模，像“之”“也”等字，每一个字都有二十多个字印，用来防备它们在一版内有重复的。不用的时候，就用纸条给它做标记，每一个韵部的字做一个标签，用木格子把它存放起来。遇到平时没有准备的生僻字，立即刻制，用草烧火烘烤，一会儿就能制成。不用木头刻活字的原因是，木的纹理疏密不匀，一沾水就会变得高低不平，再加上跟松脂等粘在一起，（卸版时）拿不下来；不像用胶泥烧制的字印，印完后再用火一烤，使药物（松脂等物）熔化，用手一抹，字印自然就掉了下来，一点也不会被药物（松脂等物）弄脏。

毕昇（毕升）死后，那些字模被我的堂兄弟和侄子辈们得到，到现在依然被珍藏着。

第三篇：翻译答案

Unit 1If you ask me, taking a second major isn’t good for every undergraduate.In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor.By all odds, I was the most hard-working student in my class.But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldn’t do well enough to pass all the exams.Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English.。Failing English Literature and Macro-economics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me.This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence.Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects.Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.Unit 3 What you wear seems to dictate your behaviour.Take primary school and high school students for example.One of the hard and fast rules they have to observe is that they must wear uniforms at school.There is no doubt that school uniforms would not have achieved their currency without a symbolic correlation between the uniformity of clothes and the students’ conformity to some common code of conduct.However, after years of school life, there is always a backlash secretly nursed in the students’ mind against the ubiquitous uniform which suppresses the expression of individuality.To compensate for this loss, students usually wear more casual and popular clothes on weekends.It is not until they start university, however, that they can really enjoy the freedom of dress, an anarchy associated with the cultivation of creativity and the encouragement of free expression of ideas and talents.But this situation won’t obtain for long.After a relatively short time of liberty, they may experience again the revived pressure of dress code as soon as they become professionals.Unit 5Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses to them.If most girls want their fiancés to be tough, capable and reliable, there is no option left for young men other than to be trained as tough, capable and reliable if they want to win girls’ heart.If they act to the contrary, they will most probably bemoan their bachelor’s status for the rest of their lives.Following the same unwritten rule, if most boys expect their fiancées to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type.Looking into such gender expectations, we may find that they are based on both physiological and social factors.It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children, whereas men are utterly unfit for the job.Therefore, a family is better-off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.Unit 7In the graduation ceremony, Thomas Clark, a veteran CTO of a renowned IT company, offers some important advice to 140 computer science majors who aspire to pursue a successful career in IT.In his opinion, information technology is not just about assembling machines and devices;it is a domain where innovation plays the key role.So naturally IT workers have to endure great pressure in their work as they need to come up with new ideas on a daily basis.But Clark also points out that the ultimate goal of IT business is profit.If you want to succeed in this business, you need to keep in mind that innovation is not synonymous with individualism.It is noticeable that because of arrogance and poor communication skill many gifted young men didn’t realize their potential, thus failed to achieve success.Clark emphasizes that you must learn to cooperate with people from different departments, and only thus can your talent blossom by creating products that will be accepted by the market.Unit9In the last couple of decades, there have always been people who believe that simplified characters, a product of the radical reform of Chinese language, fail to retain the essence of our traditional culture.From their point of view, it’s disgraceful that so many Chinese cannot read traditional characters.Some even argue that simplified characters are a defective system of language and using them makes Chinese people dumb, and that our civilization has reached a stage where we have to go back to traditional Chinese characters to save our national culture in decline.But those in favor of traditional characters are unable to provide sufficient evidence for their assertions.They also forget an important point: In ancient China the complexity of traditional characters created a rift between the educated and the uneducated, while the simplified characters have helped hundreds of millions of people become literate, and to a certain extent blurred the boundaries between the educated elite and the ordinary public.If we went back to traditional characters, it would be very likely to infringe on the majority’s right to education and damage the unity of Chinese society.

第四篇：翻译练习+答案

翻译练习

1．我们必须不断学习，这样才能与时俱进。(so that)

2．意大利足球队非常强调团队精神，这是他们赢得世界杯的关键。(1ay emphasis on)

3．她不声不响离家出走，使她的父母心烦意乱。(without)

4．小男孩对展览会上的那辆汽车很着迷。(fascinate)

5．使刘翔迷们感到兴奋的是，刘翔在瑞士洛桑创造了12秒88的男子110米栏的世界纪录。(To„)

1.We should/ must continue to learn more so that we can keep pace/up with the development of times.2.The Italian Football Team laid great emphasis on team spirit, which was the key to winning the World Cup.3.Her leaving home without saying a word upset her parents.4.The little boy was fascinated by the car on the exhibition.5.To his fan’s excitement, Liu Xiang set a new world record of 12.88 seconds in the men’s 110-metre hurdles in Lausanne, Switzerland.我最后一次看见杰克的时候，他一个人在街上走。(The last time)

7．几乎每一个人都承认犯罪不可能被彻底消灭。(the fact，wipe out)

8．如果公众失去了对这家公司的信任，那么他们的销售会下降得很快。(1ost trust)

9．给我印象最深的是磁悬浮列车的速度是多么的快啊。(impress，magnetic suspension train)

10．我爸爸不愿用新手机来替换他那只磨损不堪的老手机。(substitute)

6.The last time I saw Jack, he was walking down the street alone.7.Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never be wiped put entirely.8.If the public lose trust in the company, sales will fall sharply.9.What impressed me most is how fast the speed of a magnetic suspension train is.10.My father isn’t willing to substitute the new cell phone for his worn-out one.11．尽管天气很寒冷，学生们还是在6点正准时出操。(Despite)

12．每个人，不管是年轻人还是老年人都应铭记“骄者必败”。(keep)

13．虽然他们是好朋友，但他不愿意帮助修理电脑。(reluctant)

14．那位脸色苍白的妇女站在大楼顶上，这使在场的人都很担心。(at the top of)

15．他必定是这次竞赛中最可能获奖的学生。(likely)

11.Despite the cold weather, the students did morning exercises at 6 o’clock sharp.12.Everyone, young or old, must keep in mind that pride goes before a fall.13.Though they are close friends, he is reluctant to help fix the computer.14.At the top of the building stood a woman whose face was pale, which frightened everyone on the scene.15.He is sure to be the most likely student to win the prize in the competition.16在我陷于困境时，对于你的帮助我表示万分感激。(grateful)

17．这所学校在艺术教育方面建立了很好的声誉。(reputation)

18．她放弃了这次机会仅仅是因为缺少足够的钱。(1ack)

19．这个到2009年末完成的项目将使我们在半个小时内就能到达杭州。(不定式)

20．那男孩是如此的调皮，他奶奶对他束手无策。(so„that)

16.I’m deeply grateful to you for your help, when I was in trouble.17.The school has built up a good reputation in art education.18.She gave up the chance merely because of her lacking enough money.19.The project to be accomplished by the end of 2009 will enable us to reach Hangzhou in 30 minutes.20.The boy was so naughty that his grandmother didn’t know how to deal with him.21．你说的也就是我所想的。(what)

22．不管他父亲是否同意，他将选择教师作为他的职业。(whether)

23．根据他提供的线索，警察很快抓到了逃犯。(according)

24．当你们到达那里时，你们会知道他发生了什么事。(the moment)

25．不要把今天的事留到明天做。(名词性从句)

39.may just as well stay at home

40.stain the new carpet

41.didn??t do anything

42.play indispensable roles

43.Even so

44.are being developed

45.remembering all my life

46.lose contact with

47.second only to

48.such fine weather

49.have never resorted to

50.not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad

51.delaying making

52.should adapt himself to

53.to hearing your story again

54.is now being turned

55.Could you take a blank sheet of paper?

第五篇：论语翻译答案

一、弟子问仁

1.子贡道：“假如有这么一个人，广泛地给人民以好处，又能帮助大家生活得很好，怎么样？可以说是仁道了吗？”孔子道：“哪里仅是仁道，那一定是圣道了！尧舜或者都难以做到哩！仁是什么呢？自己要站得住，同时也使别人站得住；自己要事事行得通，同时也使别人事事行得通。能够就眼下的事实选择例子一步步去做，可以说是实践仁道的方法了。”

2.颜渊问仁德。孔子道：“抑制自己，使言语行动都合于礼，就是仁。一旦这样做到了，天下的人都会称许你是仁人。实践仁德，全凭自己，还凭别人吗？”

颜渊道：“请问行动的纲领。”孔子道：“不合礼的事不看，不合礼的话不听，不合礼的话不说，不合礼的事不做。”

颜渊道：“我虽然迟钝，也要实行您的话。”

3.仲弓问仁德。孔子道：“出门（工作）好像要去接待贵宾，役使百姓好像去承当大祀典，（都得严肃认真，小心谨慎。）自己所不喜欢的事物，就不强加于别人。在工作岗位上不对工作有怨恨，就是不在工作岗位上也没有怨恨。”

二、立身处世 1.孔子说：“我十五岁，有志于学问；三十岁，（懂礼仪，）说话做事都有把握；四十岁，（掌握了各种知识，）不致迷惑；五十岁，得知天命；六十岁，一听别人言语，便可以分别真假，判明是非；到了七十岁，便随心所欲，任何念头不越出规矩。” 2.曾子说：“可以把幼小的孤儿和国家的命脉都交付给他，面临安危存亡的紧要关头，却不动摇屈服——这种人，是君子人吗？是君子人啊。” 3.曾子说：“读书人不可以不刚强而又毅力，因为他负担沉重，路程遥远。以实现仁德于天下为己任，不也沉重吗？到死方休，不也遥远吗？” 4.孔子说：“年少的人是可怕的，怎能断定他的将来赶不上现在的人呢？一个人到了四、五十岁还没有什么名望，也就不值得惧怕了。” 5.孔子说：“一国军队，可以使它丧失主帅；一个男子汉，却不能强迫他放弃主张。” 6.孔子说：“天冷了，才晓得松柏树是最后落叶的。”

三、发奋进取 1.2.孔子说：“早晨得知真理，要我当晚死去，都可以。”

孔子说：“看见贤人，便应该想向他看齐；看见不贤的人，便应该自己反省，（有没有同他类似的毛病。）” 3.宰予在白天睡觉。孔子说：“腐烂了的木头雕刻不得，粪土似的墙壁粉刷不得；对于宰予么，责备什么呀。”又说：“最初，我对人家，听到他的话就相信他的行为；今天，我对人家，听到了他的话，却要考察他的行为。从宰予的事件以后，我改变了态度。”

4.叶公向子路问孔子为人怎么样，子路不回答。孔子对子路道：“你为什么不这样说：他的为人，用功便忘记吃饭，快乐便忘记忧愁，不晓得衰老会要来到，如此罢了。”

5.孔子说：“好比堆土成山，只要再加一筐土便成山了，如果懒得做下去，这是我自己停止的。又好比在平地上堆土成山，纵是刚刚倒下一筐土，如果决心努力前进，还是要自己坚持呵！”

四、知其不可而为之 1.楚国的狂人接舆一面走过孔子的车子，一面唱着歌，道：“凤凰呀，凤凰呀！为什么这么倒霉？过去的不能再挽回，未来的还可追得上（不再着迷）。算了吧，算了吧！现在的执政诸公危乎其危！”

孔子下车，想同他谈谈，他却赶快避开了，孔子、没法同他谈。

五、君子三戒

1.子禽向子贡问道：“他老人家一到哪个国家，必然听得到那个国家的政事，求来的呢，还是别人主动告诉他的呢?”子贡道：“他老人家是靠温和、善良、严肃、节俭、谦逊来取得的。他老人家获得的方法，和别人获得的方法，不相同吧？”

2.孔子说：“发大财，做大官，这是人人所盼望的；不用正当的方法去得到它，君子不接受。穷困和下贱，这是人人所厌恶的；不用正当的方法去抛掉它，君子不摆脱。君子抛弃了仁德，就是在仓促匆忙的时候一定和仁德同在，就是在颠沛流离的时候一定和仁德同在。”

3.孔子说：“君子有三件事情应该警惕戒备：年轻的时候，血气未定，便要警戒，莫迷恋女色；等到壮大了，血气正旺盛，便要警戒，莫好胜喜斗；等到年老了，血气已经衰弱，便要警戒，莫贪求无厌。”

六、乐在其中

1.孔子说：“君子，吃食不要求饱足，居住不要求舒适，对工作勤劳敏捷，说话却谨慎，到有道的人那里去匡正自己，这样，可以说是好学了。”

2.孔子说：“（对于任何学问和事业，）懂得它的人不如喜爱它的人，喜爱它的人又不如以它为乐的人。”

3.孔子说：“聪明人乐于水，仁人乐于山。聪明人活动，仁人沉静。聪明人快乐，仁人长寿。” 4.孔子说：“吃粗粮，喝冷水，弯着胳膊做枕头，也有着乐趣。干不正当的事而得来的富贵，我看来好像浮云。”

七、行己有耻

1.孔子说：“花言巧语，伪善的容貌，十足的恭顺，这种态度，左丘明认为可耻，我也认为可耻。内心藏着怨恨，表面上却同他要好，这种行为，左丘明认为可耻，我也认为可耻。”

2.孔子对颜渊道：“用我呢，就干起来；不用呢，就藏起来。只有我和你才能这样吧。”

子路道：“您若率领军队，找谁共事？” 孔子道：“赤手空拳和老虎搏斗，不用船只去渡河，这样死了都不后悔的人，我是不和他共事的。（我所找他共事的，）一定是面临任务便恐惧谨慎，善于谋略而能完成的人哩。”

3.曾子说：“有能力却向无能力的人请教，知识丰富却向知识缺少的人请教；有学问像没学问一样，满腹知识像空无所有一样；纵被欺侮，也不计较——从前我的一位朋友便曾这样做了。”

4.孔子说：“坚定地相信我们的道，努力学习它，誓死保全它。不进入危险的国家，不居住祸乱的国家。天下太平，就出来工作；不太平，就隐居。政治清明，自己贫贱，是耻辱；政治黑暗，自己富贵，也是耻辱。”

5.孔子说：“说得多，做得少，君子以为耻。”

八、君子坦荡荡

1.孔子说：“君子怀念道德，小人怀念想吐；君子关心法度，小人关心恩惠。”

2.孔子说：“君子懂得的是义，小人懂得的是利。” 3．

孔子说：“君子心地平坦宽广，小人却经常局促忧愁。”

4．孔子说：“君子所行的三件事，我一件也没能做到：仁德的人不忧虑，智慧的人不迷惑，勇敢的人不惧怕。”子贡道：“这正是他老人家对自己的叙述哩。”

5.有人对孔子说：“拿恩惠来报答怨恨，怎么样？”孔子道：“拿什么来酬答恩惠呢？拿公平正直来回答怨恨，拿恩惠来酬答恩惠。”

6.子贡说：“君子的过失好比日蚀月蚀：错误的时候，每个人都看得见；更改的时候，每个人都仰望着。”

九、言而有信

1.曾子说：“我每天多次自己反省：替别人办事是否尽心竭力了呢？同朋友往来是否诚实呢？老师传授的学业是否复习了呢？”

2.子夏说：“对妻子，重品德，不重容貌；侍奉爹娘，能尽心竭力；服事君上，能豁出生命；同朋友交往，说话诚实守信。这种人，虽说没学习过，我一定说他已经学习过了。”

3.孔子说：“作为一个人，却不讲信誉，不知那怎么可以。譬如大车子没有安恒木的輗，小车子没有安横木的軏，如何能走呢?”

十、交友之道

1.孔子说：“君子，如果不庄重，就没有威严；即使读书，所学的也不会巩固。要以忠和信两种道德为主。不要跟不如自己的人交朋友。有了过错，就不要怕改正。”

2.孔子说：“有益的朋友三种，有害的朋友三种。同正直的人，同信实的人交友，同见闻广博的人交友，便有益了。同谄媚奉承的人交友，同当面恭维背面毁谤的人交友，同夸夸其谈的人交友，便有害了。”

3.孔子说：“有益的快乐三种，有害的快乐三种。以得到礼乐的调节为快乐，以宣扬别人的好处为快乐，以游荡忘返为快乐，以饮食荒淫为快乐，便有害了。”

十一、行而有礼 1.林放问礼的本质。孔子说：“你的问题意义重大啊！就一般礼仪说，与其铺张浪费，宁可朴素简约；就丧礼说，与其仪文周到，宁可过度悲哀。” 2.孔子说：“君子广泛地学习文献，再用礼来加以约束，也就可以不至于离经叛道了。”

3.叶公告诉孔子道：“我那里有个坦白直率的人，他父亲偷了羊，他便告发。”孔子道：“我们那里坦白直率的人和你们的不同：父亲替儿子隐瞒，儿子替父亲隐瞒——直率就在这里面。”

4.原壤两腿像八字一样张开坐在地上，等着孔子。孔子骂道：“你幼小时候不懂礼节，长大了毫无贡献，老了还白吃粮食，真是个害人精。”说完，用拐杖敲了敲他的小腿。

十二、君臣父子 1.孔子说：“当他父亲活着，（因为他无权独立行动），要观察他的志向；他父亲死了，要考察他的行为；若是他对他父亲的合理部分，长期地不加改变，可以说做到孝了。”

2.孟懿子向孔子问孝道。孔子说：“不要违背礼节。”不久，樊迟替孔子赶车子，孔子便告诉他说：“孟孙向我问孝道，我答复说，不要违背礼节。”樊迟道：“这是什么意思？”孔子道：“父母活着，依规定的礼节侍奉他们；死了，依规定的礼节埋葬他们，祭祀他们。”

3.子游问孝道。孔子说：“现在的所谓孝，就是说能够养活爹娘就行了。对于狗马都能够得到饲养；若不存心严肃地孝顺父母，那养活爹娘和饲养狗马怎样去分别呢？”

4.子夏问孝道。孔子道：“儿子在父母前经常有愉悦的容色，是件难事。有事情，年轻人效劳；有酒有肴，年长的人吃喝，难道这竟可认为是孝吗？”

5.孔子说：“侍奉父母，（如果他们有不对的地方，）得轻微婉转地劝止，看到自己的心意没有被听从，仍然恭敬地不触犯他们，虽然忧愁，但不怨恨。”

十三、敏而好学

1.子贡问道：“孔文子凭什么谥他为‘文’？”孔子道：“他聪敏灵活，爱好学问，又谦虚下问，不以为耻，所以用‘文’字做他的谥号。”

2.孔子说：“品德不培养，学问不讲习，听到义在那里，却不能亲身赴之，有缺点不能改正，这些都是我忧虑哩!” 3.孔子说：“做学问好像（追逐什么似的）生怕赶不上；（赶上了）还生怕丢掉了。”

4.子贡问孔子：“颛孙师和卜商两个人，谁强一些？”孔子道：“师呢，有些过分，商呢，有些赶不上。”子贡道：“那么，师强一些吗？”孔子道：“过分和赶不上同样不好。” 5.子夏说：“每天知道所未知的，每月复习所已能的，可以说是好学的。”

十四、切问而近思

1.孔子说：“考察一个人所结交的朋友；观察他为达到一定目的所采用的方式方法；了解他的心情，安于什么，不安于什么。那么，这个人怎样隐藏得住呢？这个人怎样隐藏得住呢？”

2.孔子说：“批判那些不正确的议论，祸害就可以消灭了。”

3.孔子说：“（把所见所闻的）默默地记在心里，努力学习而不厌弃，教导别人而不疲倦，这些事情我做到了哪些呢？”

4.子贡问怎样去培养仁德。孔子道：“工人要搞好他的工作，一定要先搞好他的工具。我们住在一个国家，就要敬奉那些大官中的贤人，结交那些士人中的仁人。” 5.子夏说：“广泛地学习，坚守自己的志趣；恳切地发问，多考虑当前的问题，仁德就在这中间了。”

十五、君子博学

1.孔子说：“让我多活几年，到五十岁时候去学习易经，便可以没有大过错了。”

2.孔子不谈怪异、勇力、叛乱和鬼神。

3.孔子用四种内容教育学生：历代文献，社会生活的实践，对待别人的忠心，与人交际的信实。4.卫国的公孙朝向子贡问道：“孔仲尼的学问是从哪里学来的呢？”子贡道：“周文王武王之道，并没有失传，散在人间。贤能的人便抓住大处，不贤能的人就只抓些末节。没有地方没有文王武王之道。我的老师何处不学，又为什么要有一定的老师，专门的传授呢？”

十六、不学诗无以言 1.孔子说：“诗经三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是‘思想纯正’。” 2.鲁哀公问：“你的学生中，哪个好学？”孔子答道：“有一个叫颜回的人好学，不拿别人出气；也不再犯同样的过失。不幸短命死了，现在再没有这样的人了，再也没有听过好学的人了。” 3.孔子到了（子游做县长的）武城，听到了弹琴瑟唱诗歌的声音。孔子微微笑着，说道：“宰鸡，何必用宰牛的刀呢？（治理这个小地方，用得着教育吗？）”

子游答道：“以前我听老师说过，做官的学习了，就会有仁爱之心；老百姓学习了，就容易听指挥，听使唤。（教育总是有用的。）”

孔子便向学生们道：“你们啊，言偃这话是正确的。我刚才那句话不过同他开玩笑罢了。”

4.孔子说：“学生们为什么没有研究诗？读诗，可以培养联想力，可以提高观察力，可以锻炼合群性，可以学得讽刺方法。近呢，可以运用其中的道理来侍奉父母；远呢，可以用来服事君上，而且多多认识鸟兽草木的名称。” 5.孔子对伯鱼说道：“你研究过周南和召南了吗？人假若不研究周南和召南，那会像正面对着墙壁而站着吧。”