汉译英翻译答案

第一篇：汉译英翻译答案

广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。

The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music.The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south.Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing.The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity.In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。

Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television(CCTV)every day.It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program.It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs.Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich.As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.倡导低碳生活，提升公民节能减排意识是应对全球变暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么难事，只要人人都树立绿色环保意识，坚持从我做起、从身边小事做起，那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要让绿色环保理念深入人心。要把绿色环保活动融入工作生活的方方面面，要有针对性地开展低碳生活的知识培训；要积极倡导志愿者活动，全面宣传节能减排、环境保护等方面的知识，提高全社会的低碳环保意识。

Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens' consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming.Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult.Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all.To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular.We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life;we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle;we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。

Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country.As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day.They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics.Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate.Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。

中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。而随着改革开放和经济的发展，人口众多的大家庭开始分解，出现了越来越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费，并常去探望，帮他们干些家务活。在农村，尽管相当多的大家庭已经解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还是和父母住在同一个院子里，这样父母、子女可以互相帮助。

参考译文：

In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved.In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members.With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families.In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores.In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.

第二篇：英语句子翻译(汉译英)及答案unit1-unit6

UNIT 1 1.她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。（much less)2.他认为我在对他撒谎，但实际上我讲的都是实话。（whereas)3.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？（account for)4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。（due to)5.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。（result to)6.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只

能继续。（pour into)UNIT 2 1.尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。（despite)2.迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。（nor)3.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。（next to;by no means)4.他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。（be indifferent to)5.经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。（count on)6.这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。（in the presence of sb.)

UNIT 3 1.你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。（never too...to...)2.还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。（use an appositional structure)3.由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。（meet with)4.虽然他历经浮沉，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。（ups and downs;all along)5.我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。（have reservations about)6.她长得并不特别高，但是她身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。（give an illusion of)UNIT 4

1.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？（use “it”as the formal subject)2.不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。（as long as)3.你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。（without fail)4.请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。（more than+ adjective)5.人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。（be free to do sth.)6.看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。（free as though)UNIT 5 1.他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。（use “which”to refer back to an idea or situation)2.我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。（use“so...that...”to emphasize the degree of something)3.我十分感激你给我的帮助。（be grateful for)4.光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。（coupled with)5.由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。（starve of)6.每当有了麻烦，他们总是依靠我们。（lean on)UNIT 6 1.就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。（as...so...）2.在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。（while+V-ing)3.令我们失望的事，他拒绝了我们的邀请。（turn down)4.真是情况是，不管是好是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。（for better or worse)5.我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。（ill at ease)6.当地政府负责运动会的安全。（take charge of)UNIT 1 1.She wouldn't take a drink,much less could she stay for dinner.2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.5.Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.6.We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project,so we have to carry on.UNIT 2 1.Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family,she is never babied by her parents.2.Mike didn't come to the party last night,nor did he call me to give an explanation.3.The person sitting next to him did publish some novels,but he is by no means a great writer.4.He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins to loses.5.The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.6.This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.UNIT 3

1.You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.2.There remains one problem,namely,who should be sent to head the research there.3.Their relationship did meet with som difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences.4.Though he has had ups and downs,I believed all along that he would succeed someday.5.I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.6.She isn't particularly tall,but her slim figure gives an illusion of height.UNTI 4

1.It is a great pleasure to meet friends from a far.2.It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.3.You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o'clock tomorrow morning.4.Allow me to take part in this project:I am more than a little interested in it.5.Everyone knows that he is special:He is free to come and go as he pleases.6.Watching the unhappy look on her face,I felt as though she wishes to say something to me.UNIT 5 1.He spoke confidently,which impressed me most.2.My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys.3.I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me.4.The bad light,coupled with the wet ground,made driving very difficult.5.Being starved of funds,they had to cancel their plan to start a business.6.They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble.UNIT 6 1.(Just)as a machine needs regular running,so does the body need regular exercise.2.He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.3.To our disappointment,he turned down out invitation.4.The reality is that,for better or worse,the world has changed with advance of new technologies.5.Most of the female students in my class appear to be ill at ease when(they are)required to answer questions.6.The local government took charge of the security for the sports meeting.UNIT 1

As foreigner doing business in the United States, I feel very rushed.I am used to friendly opening exchanges when doing business.Here in Chicago,things are different.There is no time for getting to know one another.This does not seem < 1 > to me.There is no chance to develop a sense of trust when people meet to talk over issues.There are no < 2 >like tea or coffee before discussing business,though this is a(n)< 3 >in my country When we discuss business it starts with a(n)

第三篇：英语六级汉译英翻译.doc

北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘，另外850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林。

市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反减排规定的行为。

2014年6月英语六级翻译真题及答案：治理污染

Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust.Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city.In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment.Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.

第四篇：汉译英翻译技巧

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Theory： Translation Process 1.The comprehension

1)Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.2)to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3)to understand word meaning 4)to seek help from dictionary 5)to attend to the role of logic 6)to know the role of context

汉英短语比较：

1、汉词英译法：

翻译词，基本任务是词义的对应转换，形式问题是第二位的任务。对应，又称“直译法。”但必须受一词多义和惯用法等机制的调节。

如：佳期wedding day，佳人 beautiful woman，佳节joyful festival，佳句well-turned phrase，佳音good news，佳肴dainty food

2阐释，主要是难以取得双语对应契合时，义恰如其分的铺衍方式加以解释，常见的是文化隔膜形成的对应障碍。如：城楼tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker

留用人员personnel kept on after reshuffle 民乐 traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城计 undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff

3引申，由一般的、泛指词义到具体的、特指词义的引申

如：时令

season 太平间 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments

轻生 commit suicide

体魄健壮的男孩an athletic boy 由具体的、特指词义到一般的、泛指词义的引申。如：连珠 in rapid succession

文盲 illiteracy

十二万分地（感激）extremely 慢镜头slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.我们客栈热诚欢迎来自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!

4转换：词类转换，句中肯、否定式 的转换，例：

人生琐事 the little nothings of life

等闲视之 think nothing of 家常便饭 make nothing of

请来吃顿家常便饭。Come along and take potluck

在北京，堵车是家常便饭。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.5.淡化（虚化）

“闹名利”译为：be out for fame and gain

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“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear

“洗耳恭听” listen with attentive ears

6.融合：紧缩语义的代偿手段

如：大小 size，长短length，轻重 weight 始终all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直：right and wrong 例1别理他，这人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.例2万一她有个好歹，请立刻打电话给我。

If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.例3 Don't cook us anything more.We'll have whatever there is.7.替代

目不识丁 not know one’s ABC

天字第一号A1 裙带风nepotism

中药三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋参）

金不换 precious(be more valuable than gold)

8.音译：

商标：百事可乐PepsiCola；

万事达Master

9.注释(exegesis)：

最常用的是音译加注（汉语范畴词category word）disco迪斯科舞

hamburg汉堡包

Benz奔驰车

The Times《泰晤士报》

春秋战国Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States，铁观音 Iron Guanyin tea

Toursim 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.该地区三面与公园带相连，四大开阔的广场有草坪有树木，打破了城市建筑的规律性。城区三面绿地环绕，四大广场草坪开阔，碧草绿树掩映，打破了城区建筑的单一布局。

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Eating 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃药 take medicine（下棋）吃掉一个子 take a piece 吃掉敌人一个团 annihilate an enemy regiment 连吃败仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一枪 get shot in the leg 吃闭门羹 be denied entrance at the door;be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold 吃醋 be jealous 吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission 这种纸不吃墨水。This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink.茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.我可不吃这一套。I won’t take all this lying down.他不务正业，专吃白食。He does not do any honest work and lives off others.你这老一套现在可吃不开了。Your old way of doing things won’t work now.这件事你如果说出去，我叫你吃不了兜着走。If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it.走这么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only those who endure the most become the highest.再重的卡车，这座桥也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry.你别想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.他要请我们吃馆子。He is going to invite us out to dinner.你要先考虑清楚，免得吃后悔药。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later.形势吃紧。The situation was critical.他那坚强的毅力使人吃惊。His will power is amazing.他工作努力，能吃苦。He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.他跑得不快，踢足球吃亏。He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer.我跑了一天路，感到吃力。After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.只要技术好，到哪儿都吃得开。A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.吃一堑，长一智。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

第五篇：汉译英翻译的技巧

汉译英翻译的技巧

一.正确认识翻译技巧

从中国人进行的翻译定位上看，无论是英译汉还是汉译英，其根本问题都在译者的英语水平或造诣上。英译汉的题型，关键在于理解原文；而汉译英的题型，关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识，将我们原本理解的相当明白的汉语文字，以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。笔者想提醒考生注意的是，各种翻译技巧只是工具。茅盾先生有一句话，如果两种语言的功底不够，那些技巧你也用不上；但若功底深厚，那些条条就成了不足取的框框。

因此，我们对于翻译技巧的讲解，只是大致谈几个方面，大家在翻译的过程中了解注意就可以了。关键在于遵循常用方法多做练习，只有经过大量的训练，不懈的练习，才可以熟能生巧。大家的英语水平提高了，词汇量有了一定的积累，各种句型结构熟透于心了，翻译水平自然会上去的。

二.关于汉译英的翻译技巧，我们大致需要注意这几方面：

1、翻译的基本方法：关于直译与意译

英语和汉语是两种不同的语言 ,每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统 ,在形态和句法方面二者存在很大差异。然而 ,两种语言之间又存在一些相似性。比如在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点 ,所以在翻译实践中 ,我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。直译和意译是两种重要的翻译方法。

直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。意译，也称为自由翻译 ,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。直译与意译相互关联、互为补充，同时,它们又互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。通过对直译与意译二者关系的正确理解,我们可以更多地认识到什么时候采用直译、什么时候采用意译，以及在运用直译与意译的时候所应该掌握的技巧、遵循的原则和应该注意的问题，最终达到提高翻译能力及水平的目的。

考生这里应当注意，直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译。例如：我们的朋友遍天下。如果译成 “Our friends are all over the world”是直译，而“We have friends all over the world”就是意译。直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨，意译则更多考虑英语的特点。总之，选择直译还是意译，应该根据文章具体需要而定，两种译法可以并用。

2、翻译的变通手段

翻译时不能简单地或机械地逐字照译，硬凑成英文，必须认真分析上下文，掌握词的确切含义，然后用适当的英文表达，必要时应采用变通手段。

1）增词、减词

译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。减词则是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水。

如“感冒可以通过人的手传染”可以译为Flu can be spread by hand contact.其中的contact(接触)就是根据译文需要添加上的。而“百姓出现做饭点火难现象”中的“现象”一词可以省略，只译成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表达原文中的信息。我们分别来看几个例句：

例1 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。

I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.（增形式主词it）

例2 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.（增连词）

例3 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何的错误。

He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.（省动词）

例4 人群渐渐静了下来。Silence came over the crowds.（省副词）

翻译的变通手段2）词类转换

词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，特别是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类，大部分可以直接转换使用，或者稍加变化(前缀、后缀等)即可转换为另一种词类。因此，词类转换是汉英翻译中很重要的手段之一。如果运用得当，既可使译文通顺流畅，也能反映出英语的风格特点。下面将英汉互译中最常见的词类转换现象，作一个简单的介绍。

A.汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词

汉语中动词用的较多，除了动宾结构外，还有连动式、兼语式等两个动词以上连用的现象。英语则不然，一句话往往只有一个谓语动词，但英语中的名词比汉语中的名词用的多。基于两种语言的这一特点，在汉译英时常把汉语中的动词转换为英语中的名词。例如： 你必须好好地照顾病人。

You must take good care of the patient.他善于观察。

He is a good observer.在上述两句中，“照顾”，“观察”都是动词，但译成英语，则用的是名词care和 observer。反之，在翻译过程中，有时也要把汉语中的名词转换成英语的动词。例如： 他的演讲给我们的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.汉语句子中“印象”是名词，英语句子中则换成了动词。

B.汉语中的动词转换为英语的形容词

汉语中一些表示知觉、情感的动词，往往可以转译成英语系动词+形容词的结构，例如： 我为他的健康担忧。

I am worried about his health.我们对她所做的一切感到满意。We are satisfied with what she did.C.汉语中的形容词转化为英语中的名词，反之亦然。你说他傻不傻？

Don't you think he is an idiot? 他的生日宴会很成功。

His birthday party was a great success.形容词“傻”换成了英语名词 an idiot；“成功”换成了英语名词success。

D.其它转换

除了最常见的名词、动词、形容词之间的转换，其它的词类根据需要也可以互相转换。不过要注意：这已不完全是词类转换的技巧，而是汉英思维和表达方式的不同了。例如： 露西和莉莉上同一个学校。

Lucy and Lily are in the same school.我反对这项法律。I am against the law.“上学”在汉语里是动词，而英语可以用介词in 表达；“反对”也是动词，英语用介词against 表示。

Robinhood often looted the rich and helped the poor.罗宾汉经常劫富济贫。

英语形容词rich, poor 换成了汉语的名词“富、贫”。She is physically weak but mentally sound.她体质差但头脑健全。

英语副词physically 转换成了汉语的名词“体质”。

翻译的变通手段3)语态转换

由于在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态，在汉译英时，人们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。事实上并非如此。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照原句的语态来翻译，往往会使译文显得十分别扭。所以我们在汉译英时需要灵活运用语态之间的转换。我们这里主要讲三种情况：

汉语被动句的构成大致可分为两类：一类带有明显的被动标记词（就是“被”“让”那些）；另一类则没有这种标记词。人们通常使用后一类型的被动句。但不论哪一种类型，翻译成英语时基本上仍可运用被动语态。

A.用“被、通过、让、给、遭、由、受、为……所”等标记词表示被动语态的汉语被动句。这类句子一般表示较强的被动意义，强调被动的动作。例1 这本书已经被译成多种语言。

译文：The book has already been translated into many languages.简评：原文强调的是“这本书”已经被翻译成多种语言，并不强调是“谁”翻译了这本书，不强调“翻译”这个动作的施动者。因此，英语译文采用被动语态完全符合原文表达内涵。例2 这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤。

译文：The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.简评：小男孩受了伤，这是全句要表达的中心意思。但是他为什么会受伤？被人打？被车撞？被石头绊？被异物砸？句子没有交代。一般情况下没人会自己伤害自己，因此在“受伤”这点上，男孩是动作的目标。中文采用“受”表明被动，英语也用被动语态来翻译，目的是阐述小男孩受伤这个事实。

带有上述被动标记的句子可以译成英语的被动句。但是，也并不是所有带有被动标记的句子都要这样处理，要具体情况具体对待。B.被动标记词不明显的汉语被动句。这类句子一般都有主语和谓语动词，但其主语实际上是动作承受者，并不是动作执行者。真正的动作执行者并没有出现。这样的句子形式上是主动句，含义上却是被动的。事实上，这种被动句在日常生活中使用频率更高，在译成英文时往往要采用被动语态。请看下列句子： 例3 门锁好了。

译文：The door has been locked up.简评：句子的主语是“门”，动作是“锁”。但是众所周知，一个非生命体“门”如何实施一个动作“锁”？很显然，“门”也许是妈妈锁上的。这句话没有一个表示被动语态的被动标记词，但却是一个经典的被动语态句。因此，翻译成英文时不能说成The door has locked itself.例4 这个问题早解决了。

译文：This problem has long been solved.简评：中文常说“问题有待解决”，这和本句结构相同，都是“解决”这个动作的目标——“问题”作整个句子的主语。但表示被动语态。英语里也只能说sb.solves the problem或 the problem is solved。

C.除此之外，汉语还存在一种“怪现象”，即：用主动语态来表达被动意义。例如“在……中”嵌入及物动词可用于表示被动意义。这种情况在译成英语时，一般也选择被动语态来翻译。例5 新住宅在建造中。

译文：New houses are being built.例6 新教材在印刷中。

译文：New textbooks are being printed.翻译的变通手段4）分译与合译

句子的分译与合译是较为复杂的课题，也是翻译中常需要解决的问题。通常情况下，长句要分译，短句要合译，但不可一概而论。决定分译与合译的重要因素还取决于句中的各个成分之间意思上的关联，以及该句与上下文之间含义的连贯，同时还要符合英语的表达习惯。A.句子的分译

需要分译的句子，多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果翻译成一个长句，就会使译文累赘、冗长；如果采用分译，就会使原文内容层次分明，译文易于理解。比如： 餐馆里只有几个人，或许是因为天气冷的缘故吧！

There were only a few people in the restaurant.Probably because of the cold weather!由于我们考试中一般太长的句子也不常见，故不多举例。B.句子的合译

尽管英语句子日趋简洁，但从句套从句，短语含短语也频频出现，较汉语而言长句多，所以在翻译中，就要把汉语的两个或多个句子合译为英语的一句。例如： 对我来说，我的小房间就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。

To me my small room is like my own little kingdom, where I am king.