第一篇：新编大学英语5 unit2 vocabulary quiz(keys)
Vocabulary QuizB5-U2Manners
学号 ______________________姓名 _________________得分 _________________
1.The hall ________ with whispered comments.A)filledB)mashedC)buzzedD)laden
2.The two _________ on him with clenched fists.A)strodeB)advancedC)squeezedD)zoomed
3.It was the _________ with Jim that delayed us.A)encounterB)disintegrationC)blessingD)insecurity
4.We must not fail to ____________ his service to the town.A)indicateB)instructC)acknowledgeD)emulate
5.Without being ___________, he began to apologize.A)ironicB)promptedC)promotedD)prone
6.I didn’t even see him, ___________ speak to him.A)more or lessB)no less thanC)much lessD)much more
7.The girl ___________ at her teacher when she received the award.A)derivedB)focusedC)screamedD)beamed
8.We were taught to _________ table manners when we were young.A)observeB)takeC)holdD)adopt
9.She is making great __________ in her piano-playing.A)strikeB)strideC)stridesD)strikes
10.The government’s plans have __________ strong opposition from civil rights groups.A)run aroundB)run intoC)run overD)run through
11.Remember to keep a first-aid kit close _________ all the time.A)in handB)at handC)by handD)on hand
12.One of the goals of this movement was to ________ the idea that women are equal to men in their ability to learn and to succeed in almost any occupation.A)createB)steerC)promoteD)present
13.Men are no longer __________ to treat women according to the old-fashioned rules.A)priorB)obligedC)involvedD)offended
14.People in the US, when they _______ legal marriage age and meet certain medical requirements, are free to choose their own mates.A)arriveB)acquireC)attainD)attend
15.Near the end of the reception, the bride throws her ________ of flowers to the unwed bridesmaids.A)bouquetB)banquetC)boutiqueD)bundle
16.When foreign learners first have the opportunity to speak to an English speaking person they may have a __.A)shotB)shortC)shockD)chock
17.Looking at the cultural problems, we can see that some of them are of a very practical ______, for example, arranging satisfactory accommodation.A)matureB)natureC)matterD)manner
18.The safety of her crew ________ all her other considerations.A)outgrewB)outshoneC)outweighedD)outwitted
19.There are signs that support for the organization is _________.A)on the waneB)at the mercyC)out of stepD)no doubt
20.________ the check on the first few dates can help start the relationship as one between two equals.A)SpittingB)SplittingC)SeparatingD)Sparing
Vocabulary QuizB5-U2Manners
21.The modern American woman considers herself an independent, __________ person and doesn’t want to be dominated by her husband.A)self-sufficientB)self-madeC)self-centeredD)self-conceited
22.Some women who insist on paying 50 percent of everything on every date may be revealing their own ____.A)fitnessB)masculinityC)inequalityD)insecurity
23.If a man asks a woman out and picks up the entire tab, it _______ the couple into traditional roles.A)castsB)easesC)allowsD)reassures
24.I’m afraid I’ll have to cancel our date, something’s ________.A)gathered upB)come upC)helped outD)dished up
25.Everyone was standing around in silence, so I took the _______ and tried to explain why we had come.A)initialsB)initiatesC)initiativesD)initiative
26.I had a nerve-racking twenty minutes of ________ hope and despair.A)alternateB)alternativeC)alternatingD)altering
27.It should be emphasized that Newman is talking in particular of corporation housing estates, so that it isnot only the design of the building which makes the crime prone, but the type of people who tend to ________the building.A)inhabitB)inhibitC)inhabit inD)inhibit into
28.To them mathematics is an art they pursue _______ and they don’t much care whether it will ever have any practical use.A)for sake of artB)for art’s sakeC)for art sakeD)for the art of sake
29.________ a recent drop, there are still four times as many lawsuits filed in federal courts as in 1960.A)RegardlessB)RegardingC)DespiteD)In spite
30.A ranch is a very large farm for raising sheep, horses or _______.A)a cattleB)cattleC)cattlesD)some cattle
31.She insisted that Tom ________ it.A)doB)didC)doesD)would do
32.________ a man ever so successful, he should not be proud.A)IfB)WhenC)BeD)Were
33.Tom often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A)having been punished B)being punishedC)to be punishedD)to have been punished
34.When he returned home, he found the window open and something _________.A)to stealB)stealingC)stolenD)missed
35.No sooner had they reached the top of the hill _________ they all sat down to rest.A)thenB)thanC)whenD)until
36.She likes watching TV _______ to the cinema.A)rather than to goB)than goingC)more than to goD)more than going
37.They didn’t know his telephone number;otherwise we _______ him.A)must have telephoned B)would telephoneC)had telephonedD)would have telephoned
38.I wish I ________ longer yesterday morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A)was sleepingB)could have sleptC)might have sleptD)slept
39.His wife _________ with the child to her relatives on the outskirts, but she spent too much time packing her belongings and it was too late for her to move.A)should have movedB)movedC)did not moveD)had moved
40.Never before _________ such abstract mathematics to so great a variety of problems.A)did so many people applyB)have so many people applied
C)so many people appliedD)so many people have applied
第二篇：新编大学英语期末考试试卷
新编大学英语A2期末考试试卷
Part I Listening Comprehension(20%)Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Section A.A.An advertisement B.A newspaper C.Their work D.A dream A.On foot B.By car C.By bus D.By bike A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Six A.The restaurant provides good food B.She enjoys her part-time job C.The restaurant offers cheap food D.There are several cooks in the restaurant.A.The movie was disappointing B.The movie was expensive to see.C.He wants to see the movie again.D.He should have seen the movie at home.A.$ 64 B.$ 86 C.$96 D.$140 A.To stay at home B.To go to bed immediately C.To see a movie D.To go to a party.A.Tom is unable to hear well.B.Tom didn’t say anything at the meeting.C.Tom doesn’t listen to him.D.Tom went out before the meeting was over.A.She bought something for her aunt.B.She was there only briefly.C.She missed it.D.She went to it on her way to the hospital.A.One hour and a half.B.Half an hour.C.45 minutes.D.40 minutes.Section B.Compound Dictation.Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.During the first reading, you should listen carefully for a general idea of the whole passage.Then listen to the passage again.When the first part of the passage is being read, you should fill in the missing word during the pause at each blank.After listening to the second part of the passage you are required to write down the main points according to what you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read the third time you can check what you have written.In many ___11___ of the world people clap hands to show that they like or __12___ of something.In the theater, at a concert, or at a football game, people ____13____ hands after they see something they like.In Russia the actors, ___14___, and athletes clap ____15_________ the audience.In most countries, however, the performers are happy to receive the applause.They don’t clap back to their fan.A very long time ago clapping meant the ___16____of what it means now.When people did not like an actor or a performer they clapped.They were trying to make as much noise as possible.They continued to clap until the actor left the ___17_____.At some time in history the ___18___of clapping changed.It became a compliment instead of an insult.Now when an audience wants to show great admiration for a performer, they not only clap but they ____19____.That is called a standing ovation.A standing ovation is the dream of every performer._________________20___________________________!Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)(40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Joseph Weizenbaum，professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker(黑客)and makes him into a not very desirable sort of programmer.The hackers are so involved with designing their programs, making it more and more complex and bending it to their hill, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable to other users.They rarely keep recorders of their programs for the benefit of others, and they take rarely time to understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be.Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps those hackers know something that we don’t about the shape of things to come.“ That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multi-millionaire of the computer industry,” says MIT Professor Michael Dertouzos.“ And two former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.”
When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all.If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for future developments.Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “ intelligent”, so “capable”, so “human”, affects the way we think about ourselves and our ideas about what we are.She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in children’s efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.21.The Passage tells about_____.what has caused the emergence of computer hackers the strange behavior of the computer hackers the importance of bringing up computer hackers different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenon 22.Professor Weizenbaum believes the hackers’ strange behavior is caused by_____.their deliberate attempts to make their problems complex and impracticable their incompetence in making new computer programmes their ignorance of the responsibility they should assume their strong desire to control the computer 23.In Professor Bertouzos’ opinion, which of the following is true?___ The hackers are likely to be very successful business man.Only a few hackers will be successful in their later life.The hackers probably have better insight into the future than other people.The computer industry will certainly make the hackers millionaires.24.The phrase“to develop an identity”(Line7, Para.4)probably means_________.to cultivate creativity to seek an answer to become distinguished to form a habit 25.The passage tries to convey to its readers the idea that______.perhaps the hacker phenomenon is a welcome development the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry.The computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidance The hackers may prove indispensable to the computer industry.Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Within about 50 million years, one of the mammals that lives in a marine environment, the whale, has developed into the largest of all animals forms.However, at least for the last 150 years, trouble has closed in on whales from humans.Whales have been hunted since about the eleventh century.Certain types of whales have been hunted too much.Recently, their number has been reduced so greatly that they are in danger of becoming extinct.People are worried about the fact that the number of whales is getting smaller and smaller.They are working to save them.There are reasons why people want to protect the whales.One reason is that whales help to keep a balance between plants and animals.People have been throwing their wastes into the oceans and seas, and these wastes increase the amount of salt in ocean and seawater.The increased salt helps some plants and some very small creatures to grow but these plants and small creatures are harmful to fish.However, whales are eating large numbers of plants and animals that grow in very salty water.In this way, whales are doing a good job as they keep the ocean water clean enough for the fish.In addition, because fish supply necessary food for many people, whales become our good friends which we want to save.Some people are now working to save whales by using the law.They hold meeting to ask fishermen to reduce the number of whales which can be killed in a year.They also work within countries to persuade law makers to make whaling against the law and to make the use of whale products against the law too.Now this struggle to save whales is going on in many places in the world.Some governments will not let people sell whale products in their countries.Other governments have changed the law about whaling.Many people believe that since the number of whales is regarded as a serious world problem, the remaining whales will be saved.26.The passage mainly discussed ________.the protection of whales the strange behaviors of whales the mysterious life of whales the advantages of too many whales 27.From the passage we know that during the last 150 years humans have______.returned to nature learned how to swim threatened the existence of some marine mammals begun to harvest certain plants from the ocean as food 28.According to the passage, certain kinds of whales will soon _______.kill most of the plants and small creatures find some other places to live in die out die from pollution 29.Salt in the oceans usually ______.decreases the plants which are harmful to fish gets rid of harmful plants and creatures removes the wastes thrown into them increases the plants and small creatures that do harm to fish 30.Whales are helpful to humans because______.they eat a large quantity of plants and creatures harmful to fish they make the oceans more and more salty they often save sailors lost in a storm they can communicate with humans Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.What should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others.These may show strengths that you can use in your work.A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career.A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work.So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school.On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard.Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value.A knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details.This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work.You may be good at mental work or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills.If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it.If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers.You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example.Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself.You may be all thumbs when you handle tools, perhaps you are a poor speller of cannot add up a column of figures.It is better to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist.Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background.You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.31.Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph? The importance of doing well at school.Using school performance to help to choose a career.The importance of being good at all subjects.The indirect value of school work.32.The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably______.a waste of time that could have been spent on study useful for his future work a good way to earn extra money a good way to find out his weak points 33.According to the passage, if a student’s school record is not good, he______.will be a complete failure in his future work will not be able to find a suitable job will regret not having worked harder at school may do well in his future work 34.Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for job hunting? Mathematics English
Technical Drawing History 35.The whole passage centers on _____.choosing a career according to what one is skilled in acquiring knowledge by working hard at school finding one’s strong and weak points developing one’s abilities useful in school work Part III Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C.and D..Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.36.The general strike is a means of _______________ the total authority of the government.A.incorporating
B.reinforcing
C.challenging
D.transforming 37.They work hard to ________ a barren landscape into an area of beautiful pastureland.A.transform
B.transition
C.transit
D.transport 38.George took _________ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden.A.chance
B.interest
C.advantage
D.charge 39.I’d rather you ________ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A.don’t
B.wouldn’t
C.didn’t
D.shouldn’t 40.The new shopping center will not be ________ until next year.A.useful
B.available
C.avail
D.using
41.Shall we _______ girl ________ roses?
compare … for
B.compare … like
C.compare … with
D.compare … to 42.Please _____________ me if you feel sick.A.turn down
B.turn to
C.turn up
D.turn toward 43.____________ the teacher last night, I would have asked him about.A.Had I seen
B.I had seen
C.If I saw
D.If I have seen 44.Stop making so much noise, for you are _______ me from my work.A.attracting
B.distracting
C.contracting
D.contacting 45.The forest was ________ to few trees by the great fire.A.reduced
B.lessened
C.decreased
D.restricted 46.Let’s think of a situation _________ this idiom can be used.A.where
B.which
C.that
D.what 47.People will not believe those who always ________.A.argue
B.exaggerate
C.quarrel
D.tell truth 48.When _________ the evidence of his guilt, he confessed at once.A.faced up with
B.met with
C.opposed by
D.confronted with 49.His plan was rejected, ______ of its merits.A.regardless
B.countless
C.because
D.involving 50.Any country in the world should always be _______ with other countries.A.on peace
B.at peace
C.at ease
D.in case 51.________ it’s raining heavily, we’ll have to put off the picnic.A.Now that
B.Unless
C.If
D.If only 52.He looks _______ young, in fact he is in his fifties.A.apparently
B.evidently
C.plainly
D.clearly 53.The failure in the experiment _______ the carelessness of the young assistant.A.results in
B.results from
C.leads to
D.as a result 54.His younger brother is _______________________ he.A.ten centimeters tall than
B.ten centimeters taller than C.ten centimeters as taller than
D.ten centimeters taller as 55.He __________ works in that University.A.no longer
B.no more
C.longer than
D.no more than 56.Speech difficulties may sometimes be ________ if a person is shown where to place the tongue and teeth to make sounds.A.overpaid
B.overstated
C.overturned
D.overcome 57.His position is _______ to hers.A.inferior
B.high
C.low
D.good 58.He seems to __________ criminals.associated into
B.associated in C.associated with
D.associated to 59.I’m sure Harry will remember, but why not give him a ring _______ he forgets? A.in the case
B.in case of C.in case
D.in the case of 60.Only under special circumstances __________ to take make-up tests.A.freshmen are permitted
B.are freshmen permitted C.permitted are freshmen
D.are permitted freshmen 61.He is a very ________ secretary.So the boss wants to promote him.A.unless
B.effective
C.adequate
D.efficient 62.Generally, most of the people in world are not willing to __________ force to solve the dispute.A.ask for
B.like
C.resort to
D.get 63.The new arrival was ______ the famous scientist.A.none but
B.nothing but C.none other than
D.nothing other than 64.Human beings have _______ themselves to very diverse environments with the help of fire, agriculture and machines.A.adapted
B.adopted
C.adepted
D.addicted 65.It’s necessary ___________ the dictionary immediately.A.that he returned
B.that he return C.that he will return
D.that he has to return Part V Cloze(10%)Directions: For each of the following blanks four choices are given, choose the most appropriate one.The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived.We do know, however, that(66)thousands of years, food was always eaten cold and(67).Perhaps the cooked food was heated accidentally by a(68)fire or by the melted lava from an erupting(69).When people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better.However,(70)after this discovery, cooked food must have remained a rarity(71)man learned how to make and light(72).Primitive men who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun(73)their food.For example, in the desert(74)of the southwestern United States, the Indians cooked their food by(75)it on a flat(76)in the hot sum.They cooked piece of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this 77).We surmise that the earliest kitchen(78)was a stick(79)which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire.Later this stick was(80)by an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat(81)all sides.Cooking food in water was(82)before man learned to make water containers that could not be(83)by fire.The(84)cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups and stews could be cooked.As early as 166 B.C., the Egyptians had learned to make(85)permanent cooking pots out of sandstone.Many years later, the Eskimos learned to make similar pans.66.A)in
B)on
C)through
D)of 67.A)raw
B)crude
C)man-made
D)fresh 68.A)forest
B)cooked
C)kitchen
D)lightning 69.A)volcano
B)cave
C)mountain
D)valley 70.A)through
B)since
C)soon
D)even 71.A)when
B)which
C)until
D)as 72.A)food
B)a fire
C)himself
D)it 73.A)to cook
B)cooking
C)cooked
D)cook 74.A)places
B)realms
C)areas
D)domains 75.A)beating
B)frying
C)drying
D)placing 76.A)stone
B)board
C)table
D)plate 77.A)zone
B)sector
C)method
D)fashion 78.A)utensil
B)instrument
C)tool
D)equipment 79.A)by
B)over
C)on
D)to 80.A)supported
B)replaced
C)changed
D)switched 81.A)by
B)on
C)over
D)at 82.A)incapable
B)unavoidable
C)impossible
D)unpopular 83.A)broken
B)destroyed
C)spoiled
D)pierced 84.A)newest
B)latest
C)first
D)worst 85.A)stronger
B)better
C)more
D)longer Part V Writing(15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “A Job-Applying Letter ” You should write at least 100 words and your composition should be based on the following : 1)Reason for writing(including how you found out about the job)2)Relevant information about yourself 3)How to contact you 4)Closing Keys: 听力答案：
１－５ ＡＣＣＡＡ
６－１０ ＣＡＣＣＤ
11.parts 12.approve
13.clap
14.performers 15.together with 16.opposite
17.stage 18.meaning 19.not only clap but they stand up and clap 20.Many actors say that is what they work so hard for----Applause!Applause!21-25 D D C B A
26-30 ACCDA
31-35 BBDDA 36~ 40 CACCB
41~45 DBABA 46~ 50 ABD A B
51~55 A ABB A 56~60 D A CCB
61~ 65 DCCA B 66----70.DAAAD
71---75.CBACD
76---80.ACADB
81-85.BCBCC
第三篇：新编大学英语4翻译
新编大学英语4课文翻译及课后答案
Unit 1
享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。“滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。“俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：“这是Wembley(温布利)吗？”“不，”第二位绅士说：“是Thursday(星期四)。”“我也是，”第三位说道，“让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。”我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说：“你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？”那位年轻的学生回答道：“我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的名字改成自己的了。”在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里，一位生气的父亲问道：“告诉我，1加2等于几？”儿子说：“我不知道。”这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道：“比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个，傻瓜？”儿子得意地回答道：“是三个傻瓜。” 这些故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些批评家认为双
关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人问：“什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？”另外一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：“我不猜了。是什么呀？”出谜语的人回答：“是报纸。”如果你知道在英语中“red（红色）”和“read（读）”的读音一样但意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES（法语中的“一语双关”）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教师对学生们说；“我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场上接吻。”听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清楚，于是补充说：“我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子下面发生接吻这样的事了。”当然，这个解释并没有纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变得更加好笑。一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故事。
Unit 2
便笺的力量 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州）的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸引住了。打开来信，我看到了下面的话：“关于老虎队的述评很不错，再接再厉。”签名的是体育编辑堂?沃尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起信心来。后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他告诉我说：“当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极了。” 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励（文字）的人们。多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远不如打电话方便。当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。有人说，他政治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信，内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。“我只不过匆匆地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后传递出去，”他说道。“每天最重要的一段时间，就是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。” “太多的时候，”他发表自己的看法说，“那些我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个取得进步，获得成功！” 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的高手都具有我所谓的 “４S”技巧。１）真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。２）简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。３）具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴 “演讲精彩”太笼统含糊；告诉他“关于沃伦?巴菲特的投资策略讲得很精彩”才是一语中的。４）自然(spontaneous)。这使得便笺充满了生气，洋溢着热情，并使读者的心灵长久地感受这种生气和热情。16 当你非得到处找写信用品时，写出来的东西就难以自然，因此我总是把纸、信封和邮票放在手边，甚至在旅行时也是如此。信封信笺不需要很花哨，重要的是要表达的思想。17 那么，你周围又有谁值得你写便笺表示感谢或鼓励呢？一位邻居？为你服务的那位图书馆管理员？一位亲戚？你的市长？你的伙伴？一位教师？你的医生？你不必富有诗意。如果你需要一个写的理由，就找一个生活中的重要事件，例如你们共同参加的某个特殊事件的周年纪念日、生日或者节日。例如，过去的25年里，我总是为远方的朋友每年准备一张圣诞卡，而且常常在上面亲笔写上一句感谢或祝贺的话。鉴于圣诞节的氛围，就一年来所取得的成功与得到的好运特意表示谢忱似乎是最恰到好处的。不要吝啬你的赞美之言。像“最了不起的”、“最聪明的”、“最漂亮的”这种最高级的表达法——使大家都感到高兴。即使你的赞美之词稍稍超前了一点也没关系，记住，梦想的实现往往孕育于期望之中。今天，我收到了以前的老板和精神导师诺曼?文森特?皮尔的一封温暖的赞扬信。这张小小的便笺上满是鼓舞人心的词句，这促使我坐到了打字机前来完成几封我早就该写的信。我不知道这些信会不会使别人的一天别有意义，但是，对我自己确实如此。正如我的朋友堂?沃尔夫所说的：使别人充满信心，也就使我自己感觉很好。
Unit 3
从文化角度看性别角色 在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了细微的行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，成了他们性别特征的一部分。有些行为举止是直接学到的。也就是说，别人教孩子如何恰如其分地行事, 男有男的规矩, 女有女的标准。另一些跟性别有关的具体举止是无意识地或间接地学会的，因为文化为女孩子和男孩子提供的形象、向往的目标以及成人的榜样各不相同。例如，最近对美国公立学校的一项研究显示，在教育中存在一种男孩比女孩更受偏爱的文化偏见。据研究人员反映，这种偏爱是无意的、不知不觉的，但它确实存在，并每年都在影响着数百万计学生的生活。为了研究在教育中存在的性别偏爱，戴维?赛德克博士和迈拉?赛德克博士夫妇录制了教师在课堂上课的情形。他们的研究显示，许多自认为无性别偏爱的教师惊奇地发现，从录像带上看他们竟是那么偏心。从幼儿园到研究生课程，都可以看到教师们请男生回答问题的次数远比女生多。这对学习过程有着巨大的影响，因为总的来说，那些积极的课堂活动参与者对学习更加乐观有信心，并能在今后取得更大的成就。事实上，在20世纪60年代末期，当美国东北部多所最好的女子学院向男生开放之后，教授们和女学生们都发现男孩们正在“接管”课堂讨论，而女生积极参与的程度则明显下降。近年来，在法学院和医学院的课堂上也发现了类似的情况：与男生相比女生处于次要的地位。赛德克夫妇所做的研究显示，教师有时候会按照固有的性别模式给女孩子和男孩子不同布置的任务，这样便不知不觉地使女孩子不能像男孩子一样积极地参与。例如，有位教师在给幼儿园的孩子上自然科学课时，不断地让小男孩去操作科学“实验”，而让女孩子只是做一些安放材料的工作。既然使用课堂材料动手操作是早期教育的一个重要方面，这些女孩子就这样被剥夺了重要的学习经历，这会影响到她们今后的整个人生。美国教师中一个具有代表性的想法是，男孩擅长数学和自然科学，这些学科都是“难懂的”、“适合于男性的”，而女孩会在语言和阅读技能上比男孩强。这是教育中性别偏见的另一种表现。结果美国的男孩们确实在阅读上出了问题，而在数学方面女孩尽管在九岁以前一直比男孩强，但此后却落在了他们后面。这成了预言自我应验的一个例子。然而这些特征是文化造成的，而非遗传的原因。例如，在德国，读书学习都被看作是“适合于男性的”，于是在阅读上有问题的便是女孩子了。而在日本，由于早期教育似乎不分性别，女孩和男孩在阅读上就旗鼓相当。在教育过程中对女孩和男孩的不同态度始于家庭。例如，有一项研究显示了这样一种情况：让学龄前儿童看一幢房子的图片，然后要他们说出家里允许他们走开多远，这时男孩所指的范围要比女孩大得多，女孩指出的范围很有限，而且离家很近。女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和动手能力，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用的；对女孩灌输的结果是：对自己家外面的世界充满了恐惧，且期望别人对自己的优良品格和循规蹈矩的服从精神加以认可。这类教诲从家庭一直延续到课堂。于是，在课堂里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖教师，更注重作业的形式和整
洁而非内容，更在乎她们所给的答案是否“正确”而不在乎智力方面的独立自主以及分析能力和创造能力的提高。教育过程占据了孩子除睡眠以外的大部分时间，社会则通过这一过程加强了它固有的价值观，并按其传统的、期望的模式造就了不同性别的人。
Unit 4
关于创造力的培养——鼓励孩子思考 教育界和商业界的专家们说, 具有创造性是通向光明前程的关键。本文将介绍一下学校和家长如何才能鼓励孩子发展这一至关重要的能力。如果1925年迪克?德鲁听从了他老板的意见，也许我们就不会有遮护胶带这种用品 了。现在我们几乎离不开它。德鲁当时就职于“明尼苏达制造和矿业公司”，通常称为3M公司。在工作中，他研制了一种用于胶带有黏性那面的物质，黏性很强，能使物体粘在一起。但是老板却不让他做进一步的研究。最后德鲁只好利用自己的时间改进了这种胶带。这种胶带现已被人们广泛使用。而他原来工作过的3M公司也从自己的失误中吸取了教训：现在该公司鼓励员工抽出15%的工作时间专门用来开动脑筋搞创新。现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用，而且全国各地的专家认为，对待孩子也应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学校。他们认为，如果我们教育孩子进行创造性思维，他们就能在明天的社会中更好地发挥作用。受益于创造性的不只限于音乐和艺术领域。能取得成功的学生和成人都是那些会寻求各种办法解决问题的人。5 创造性并非与生俱来，也不一定就是高智慧的特征。一个人智力高并不意味着他必然能创造性地发挥才智。创造性是指能利用已有的资源想出新点子，而这些点子有助于解决某方面的问题。遗憾的是，学校还没有想到要促使学生发挥创造性。许多教育者十分看重考试分数，强调阅读、写作和数学能力，往往因追求正确的答案而牺牲了对创造性的培养。其结果是，孩子们能够反馈所学的知识，却不知道如何灵活地应用知识。比如，他们可能熟记乘法表，却不会用它来解决数学应用题。然而，在有些学校里，教育者们正逐渐认识到这一问题，并致力于研究能启发学生创造性的新的教学方法。一些教师把基础知识和要求学生发挥想象力的活动结合起来。比如，教师不再简单地问学生哥伦布何时发现了新大陆，他们可能让学生思考如果哥伦布首先到达的不是加勒比地区而是纽约，情况会是如何。要回答这一问题，学生必须应用自己掌握的关于哥伦布、纽约和加勒比地区的知识。教师们认为即便学生的回答会很可笑，也毫无关系，这也许是通向创造性的重要一步。专家认为，在课堂以及在家里，必须允许孩子们有些荒唐的念头。家长和教师们则有责任和孩子共同努力，使那些念头成为切实可行的建议。最好的办法是通过提问来鼓励孩子，同时对他们的想法和新点子表示赞赏。专家认为必须创造一个可以自由发挥创造力的氛围，一个尊重和赞赏而不是鄙视或不理会荒诞想法的环境。8 在家里，家长可以做一些鼓励孩子发挥创造力的事情。如果遇到合适的问题，家长可以就该问题征求孩子的意见，让他们参与决策。家长可以帮助孩子了解不同的决策将会带来的各种后果。家长还应鼓励孩子大声谈论他们正在做的事情。思维能力和语言能力是紧密相关的。大声地谈论有助于提高语言能力和思维能力。具有幽默感对于开发孩子的创造力也非常重要。当家长表现出幽默时，孩子们就看到了最地道的创造性。从本质上看，幽默跨越了常规界限，打破了固有模式。要创造往往也得如此。给孩子一些选择的余地也很重要。应该允许孩子自己做决定并清楚其后果，要让孩子从尽可能早的年龄开始这样做。做决定有助于培养思维能力，即便只是在午餐的两种食物的选择上做决定也行。随着孩子慢慢长大，家长应让孩子自己做主支配时间或金钱；当他们作出错误的决定时，不要不假思索地给予过多的帮助。这种做法可能会使孩子迷惑不解，但这没有关系。因为富有创造力的人有很强的动力，使他们能够从混乱中创造秩序。这是他们的一个最重要的特点。
Unit 6
风险与你 在说不定的某个时候，我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色,只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑自己得了某种可怕的病。有的人只要一听说一种新的疾病，就会去检查，看自己是否可能患了这种病。然而，对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧。同样，患病的危险也并非我们唯一会遇上的危险。现代生活中充满了各种各样的威胁，诸如对我们生命的威胁，对我们平和心境的威胁，对我们家人的威胁，对我们未来的威胁。从而产生了好些问题，我们不得不问自己：我买的食品安全吗？给孩子们的玩具会伤害他们吗？我们家的人是不是不该吃熏肉？我度假时会不会遭抢劫？我们的疑
虑就无休止地增加。对生活中风险的担忧与疑病症有相似之处；二者的恐惧或忧虑皆起因于信息不全面。但二者之间也存在一个明显的差别。疑病症患者通常可以求助于医生，以便澄清疑虑——要么你得了你所怀疑的疾病，要么你没得。但当涉及到其它形式的风险时，事情就要困难得多，因为对许多风险来说，情况并不那么简单。风险几乎总是一个可能性的问题而无确定性可言。你也许会问：“我该不该系安全带？”如果你坐的车要与其它车正面相撞，那当然该系安全带。倘若你的车侧面被撞，结果你被困在车里，又因安全带装置遭破坏而无法挣脱，那怎么办呢？这是否意味着你该再花些钱在车内安一个保险气袋呢？同样，在正面相撞的情况下，保险气袋完全可以救你一命。但是，万一正当你在高速公路上开车时，保险气袋突然意外充气膨胀，从而导致了本来绝不会发生的事故，那又该如何是好？ 上面说的这一切，只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安全的。有些风险——常常是潜在的重大风险——与我们的每个业余爱好、所做的每项工作、所吃的每种食物有关，换句话说，与所进行的任何活动有关。但我们又不能，也不该因危险存在于我们将要做的每件事，而变成战战兢兢的神经症患者。有些活动是比其它活动更危险。关键在于要让自己了解相应的风险，然后相机行事。例如，两车相撞时，大车总的说来要比小车安全些。可究竟能安全多少呢？答案是这样：在一起严重的车祸中坐小车丧生的可能性是坐大车的两倍左右。然而，大车通常比小车贵（并且消耗更多的汽油，由此给环境带来了更大的风险！）。那么我们该怎样确定什么时候值得为降低风险增加花费呢？例如，避免风险最保险的做法也许是去买一辆坦克或装甲车，从而把撞车时死亡或受伤的风险降到最小。然而，即便你买得起，这笔额外的费用以及忍受坦克或装甲车所带来的不便是否值得呢？ 在我们尚不知所涉及的风险程度之前，我们还无法回答这些问题。那么，我们该如何去衡量风险程度呢？有些人似乎认为答案只不过是一个简单的数字。例如，我们知道每年大约有25,000 人死于车祸。相比之下，每年只有大约300人死于矿山事故和灾难。这难道就意味着乘坐汽车要比采矿危险得多吗？未必。事实是，在美国每年大约有两亿人经常性地以车代步；而大概只有70万人从事采矿作业。我们评估一种风险时，所需要的有关数字是一个比率或分数。该分数的分子告诉我们在某个特定时期由于从事某种特定活动而丧生或受伤的人数；其分母告诉我们在这一时期从事这种活动的总人数。这样，所有的风险程度都是由比率或分数表示，其大小介于0（无风险）到1（完全风险）之间。7 通过把所有风险都简化为这种比率或分数，我们便可以开始比较不同种类的风险，如比较采矿与乘坐汽车。这个比率越大，也就是说它越接近1，那么有关活动的风险就越大。在刚才讨论的例子中，我们可以用每一活动中死亡的人数除以参与该活动的总人数，从而找出汽车旅行与采煤的相对安全性。此处，我们可以很清楚地看到，乘坐汽车旅行的风险是每一万人中大约有一人丧生；而就采矿而言，其危险程度是每一万矿工中大约有四人死亡。所以，尽管在车祸中丧生的人远比采矿要多，其实后者的风险是前者的四倍。这些比率使我们能够对毫不相干的活动或情形的危险性加以比较，即便差别如苹果与橘子那样大也能比较。如果你反对冒险，你就会选择风险比率较小的活动。如果你无所畏惧，那么你往往会对高比率不太在乎，除非它们大得令人难以承受。我们一旦明白了风险是永远无法从任何情况中完全去除的，因而就没有绝对安全的事，我们也就会明白问题的关键不是要彻底避免风险，而是要理智地管理风险。风险管理需要两大要素：常识以及与我们可能要承担的风险的性质和程度相关的信息。
第四篇：新编大学英语第四册汉译英（精选）
1.中庸思想（doctrine of the mean）是儒家思想的核心内容。孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事务的方法来看待，而且还应该通过自身修养和锻炼，把它融入自己的日常行为当中，使之成为一种美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。从它形成到现在，一直为民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。
2.中国四大名著是指三国演义The Romance of the Three Kingdoms、水浒传Outlaws of the Marsh、西游记Journey to the West和红楼梦A Dream in Red Mansions四部著名小说。它们的创作时间均处于元末明初至清代期间，其内容反映了中国古代政治和军事斗争、社会矛盾、文化信仰等各个方面。四大名著具有很高的艺术水平，代表了中国古典小说的高峰。书中的许多人物和场景在中国家喻户晓，并且已经深深的影响了整个民族的思想观念和价值取向。四本著作在中国古代民俗、封建制度、社会生活等多个领域皆有巨大的研究价值，是中国乃至全人类的宝贵文化遗产。
3.近年来，随着互联网技术的迅猛发展，互联网经济已经成为一个热门话题。以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已经成为经济发展的重要引擎。我国政府高度重视发展互联网经济，提出了“互联网+”的概念，以推动互联网与医疗、交通、教育、金融、公共服务等领域的结合。这将为互联网经济的发展提供极大的发展潜力和更广阔的发展空间。随着“互联网+”战略的深入实施，互联网必将与更多传统行业进一步融合，助力打造“中国经济升级版”
4.苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表，大部分为私家所有。苏州园林始于春秋，兴于宋元，盛于明清。清末苏州已有各色园林170余处，为其赢得了“园林之城”的称号。先保存完好的园林有60多处，对外开放的有十余处。其中沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋元明清四个朝代的艺术风格，被称为“苏州四大名园”。苏州园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，其建筑规制反映了中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪习俗。苏州园林不仅仅是历史文化的产物，同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。1997年，苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”
5.中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重大影响。近年来，随着我国经济的发展和国际地位的提升。越来越多的中国元素为当今世界时尚、文学、影视作品等提供了创作灵感，成为热门题材。这一现象表明，世界需要中国文化。在这种背景下，我国决定实施文化“走出去”的战略，以加强中过与世界其他各国的文化交流。经过数年的努力，这项工程已经取得了很大的成绩。文化“走出去”大力推动了我国文化产业的发展，正成为提升我国国家形象和综合实力的有效途径。
6.博鳌亚洲论坛是一个非政府、非营利性的国际组织。它是由25个亚洲国家和澳大利亚发起的，于2001年正式成立，总部位于中国的海南省博鳌镇。博鳌亚洲论坛以平等、互惠、合作和共赢为主旨，致力于推动亚洲各国之间的经济交流、协调与合作，并增强亚洲与世界其他地区的对话和联系。它为有关国家的政府、企业及专家学者提供了一个共商亚洲以及全球事务的高层次平台。通过区域经济一体化合作，博鳌亚洲论坛将推进亚洲国家实现发展目标，为建设一个更加繁荣、稳定、和平的新亚洲作出重要贡献。
7.城乡一体化是我国现代化和城市化发展的一个新阶段，是要通过对城乡发展实行统筹规划，并通过体制改革和政策调整，破除城乡二元经济结构，实现城乡在政策上平等，在产业发展模式上互补，让农村居民享受到与城镇居民同样的文明和福利。城乡一体化是一项重大而深刻的社会变革，它使整个城乡经济能够全面、协调、可持续地发展。只有大力推进城乡一体化，妥善处理城乡关系，加强城乡合作，缩小城乡差距，才能确保到2020年我国实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。
8.近年来，社会的发展和就业形势的变化对大学生提出了更高的要求。越来越多的大学生不在局限于书本知识的学习，他们开始走出“象牙塔”，利用业余时间积极投身于社会实践活动。通过社会实践活动，大学生可以更多地了解社会，增强社会责任感，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。同时，参加社会实践活动还可以帮助学生认识到自身的不足，明确未来努力的方向。所有这些都将为他们积累社会阅历和工作经验，为未来的就业或创业打下良好的基础。
第五篇：新编大学英语长篇阅读
第一套题
How to Make Friends at Work From being well-connected to having someone lend you a hand when needed, the advantages of having friends at work are many.If you regularly find yourself in a cold corner on your office floor, here are tips that you can use to win friends and make office buddies for life.Bring something for everyone in your office every once in a while
Whether it is a bag of lollies, biscuits, Tim Tams or a box of doughnuts from Dunkin‟ Donuts, it would be nice if you brought your office colleagues a little something every now and then.Food is a sure-fire way of letting your office mates know that you are putting in a genuine effort to be friends with them and that you care about them.And best of all, if you consider yourself an amateur baker, why not bake a lot of your best brownies or cookies for your friends at work?
Sympathize with your colleagues at work
Everyone at work has their own share of problems.There are really no exceptions.If you want to make friends at work, you must learn to sympathize with fellow colleagues and help them out in whichever way you can.For example, if your colleague is going through a rough patch with her husband and her marriage is on the rocks, don‟t hesitate to ask if you can temporarily help her out by picking up some of her daily tasks.Genuine sympathy never goes unnoticed and a work place is no different.Work for your team, not for yourself
While it is easy to get carried away and think about your own benefit all the time, you should remember that your progress at work lies in the progress of your teammates and vice versa.If you go out of the way to help your colleagues at work, they will hopefully reciprocate by crediting you with their success.Go out for lunch with your colleagues
We all love to have lunch buddies at work, don‟t we? That‟s exactly why you should make an attempt to go for lunch with the people who you want to be friends with at work.A chat over lunch will not only allow you to be better friends with your workmates, but will also provide a window of opportunity for you to catch up on all the latest gossip at work.So catch up with a buddy at work for lunch, whether it is in the office cafeteria or at the neighborhood take-away joint.Involve your colleagues in your life outside work
Involving your colleagues in your life outside word is one of the first signs of trust and friendship that you can give out.Tell your workmates about your family, tell them about your relationships tell them about the problems you face in your personal life and tell them what you‟ve been up to outside the confines of the walls of your office.Your colleagues will feel connected to you in a more-than-just-professional way.For all you know, you may even find your next vest friend right in your workplace!However, make sure that you share only the things that are t host appropriate to be shared in an office environment.Be human-Have an opinion
If you really want to make friends at work, don‟t be afraid to have an opinion or voice out how you feel, even if it means being bad-tempered at times.While most management experts and books will tell you to carry a positive attitude at work all the time, that may not go well in helping you be popular at work.Your workmates expect you to have a mind of your own and more importantly, expect you to voice your opinion.If you are going to hold a poker face all the time, you may seem like your boss‟s puppet who only does what the boss says.1.According to the writer, giving some desserts to your colleagues is a way to______.A.show your favorite food and taste
B.prove you are a god cook
C.let your office mates know you are friendly
D.let your office mates know you are generous 标准答案：C 2.What is suggested for sympathizing with your colleagues at work in the passage?
A)Sharing their problems in private life
B)Helping them get through hard times
C)Feeling sorry for their misfortune
D)Asking what‟s going on about their marriage 标准答案：B 3.Teamwork is emphasized in making friends at work because______.A.you may easily lose control of yourself at work
B.your colleagues will help you at work
C.your success depends on others‟ progress
D.your sympathy for others is very important 标准答案：C 4.Why is going out for lunch with colleagues advisable for making friends at work? A.Because chatting over lunch allows you to know more about the latest news at work.B.Because people all love to have lunch together.C.Because gossip over lunch is very funny.D.Because cafeterias and take-away joints are very popular.标准答案：A 5.By involving your colleagues in your life outside work, you can______.A.tell them your personal problems
B.show your trust and friendship
C.reduce your stress at work
D.overcome the limitations of office work 标准答案：B
第二套题
All You Remember
All you remember about your child being an infant is the incredible awe you felt about the precious miracle you created.You remember having plenty of time to give all your wisdom and knowledge.You thought your child would take all of your advice and make fewer mistakes, and be much smarter than you wee.You wished for your child to hurry and grow up.All you remember about your child being two is never using the restroom alone or getting to watch a movie without talking animals.You recall afternoons talking on the phone while sitting in the bedroom closet, and being convinced your child would be the first Ivy League college student to graduate wearing pullovers at the ceremony.You remember worrying about the bag of M&M‟s melting in your pocket and ruining your good dress.You wished for your child to be more independent.All you remember about your child being five is the first day of school and finally having the house to yourself.You remember joining the PTA and being elected president when you left a meeting to use the restroom.You remember being asked “Is Santa real?” and saying “yes” because he had to be for a little bit longer.You remember shaking the sofa cushions for loose change, so the tooth fairy could come and take away your child‟s first lost tooth.You wished for your child to have all permanent teeth.All you remember about your child being sever is the carpool schedule.You learned to apply makeup in two minutes and brush your teeth in the rearview mirror because the only time you had to yourself was when you were stopped at red lights.You considered painting your car yellow and posting “taxi” sign on the lawn next to the garage door.You remember people staring at you, the few times you were out the car, because you kept moving your foot and making acceleration noised.You wished for the day your child would learn how to drive.All you remember about your child being 10 is managing the school fund raisers.You sold wrapping paper for paint, T-shirts for new furniture, and magazine subscriptions for shade trees in the school playground.You remember storing a hundred cases of candy bars in the garage to sell so the school band could get new uniforms, and how they melted together on an unseasonably warm spring afternoon.You wished your child would grow out of playing an instrument.All you remember about your child being 12 is sitting in the stands during baseball practice and hoping your child‟s team would strike out fast because you had more important things to do at home.The coach didn‟t understand how busy you were.You wished the baseball season would be over soon.All you remember about your child being 14 is being asked not to stop the car in front of the school in the morning.You had to drive two blocks further and unlock the doors without coming to a complete stop.You remember not getting to kiss your child goodbye or talking to him in front of his friends.You wished your child would be more mature.All you remember about your child being 16 is loud music and undistinguished lyrics screamed to a rhythmic beat.You wished for your child to grow up and leave home with the stereo.All you remember about your child being 18 is the day when he was born and having all the time in the world.And, as you walk through your quiet house, you wonder where he went and you wish your child hadn‟t grown up so fast.1.How did you feel when you faced the lovely infant you created? A.Nervous.B.Worried.C.Awesome.D.Optimistic.标准答案：C 2.You wished your child aged two to______.A.become more independent B.use the restroom alone C.watch movies without talking animals D.like popular M&M‟s 标准答案：A 3.You finally had the house to yourself because______.A.the kid went to the grandparents‟ house
B.the kid went to play outside
C.the kid went to school
D.the kid became very quiet 标准答案：C 4.You had to brush your teeth in the car because______.A.this was your habit
B.it was your job to drive for your child and you were very busy
C.your child enjoyed seeing you do it
D.you often got up late 标准答案：B 5.Which of the following is not true according to paragraph 4?
A.You once considered painting your car yellow.B.Sometimes you withed your child could drive himself.C.People stared at you because you made acceleration noises.D.Sometimes you wanted to be a taxi driver.标准答案：D
第三套题
College Freshman Year Mistakes You are bound to mess a few things up during freshman year, and that‟s okay!Here are some common mistakes that students make during their first semester or two, and suggestions about how to avoid them.Skipping class So much freedom!Nobody can force you to do to class anymore!However, nobody can force you to pass your classes anymore either, so you‟d better take responsibility and go.Not studying enough It's time to readjust your expectations of workload from what you had in high school.In college, teachers expect you to put in 2-3 hours of work outside of the classroom for every credit of coursework--and sometimes more.Not doing the reading This is a mistake that high school students make too, but it's one you might be able to get away with in high school.Read your syllabus frequently and make sure you keep up, at least most of the time.Frequent and excessive partying Speaking of freedom, it can be intoxicating to have the freedom to party whenever you want and for as long as you want.Many freshmen go completely overboard, which can lead to a host of serious problems.Remember, you have your whole life to have fun.It doesn't all have to happen the second you leave your parent's home.Going home too often Homesickness is a common freshman problem, and it's tempting to go back to the comforts of home as much as possible.But you're never going to get over your homesickness if you keep going home.Instead, get involved on campus and make new friends.Similarly, if you come to campus with a ready-made group of friends, branch out.Not finding “your own thing”
Many incoming students do what they think they're supposed to do, based on peer pressure, parental expectations, or from watching too many bad TV shows and movies about college.College gives you an opportunity to try out lots of new things and befriend lots of new people, so explore!Don't join a fraternity or sorority because that's what you think college is supposed to be like--and don't not join a fraternity or sorority because your friends turn up their noses.Don't get involved with student government because that's what your dad did.Be yourself.Not opening your mind On campus, you're bound to be exposed to all kinds of ideas that are different from your own, and all kinds of people you never thought you'd be dealing with.While this may be uncomfortable, it's one of the reasons why college is such a great learning experience, so be prepared to listen and learn.Unhealthy eating habits Getting used to eating healthfully on your own is tricky, and it's no wonder that so many students gain the Freshman Fifteen.Don't worry about being perfectly healthy your first semester, but avoid doing things like eating pizza in the middle of the night or eating fries with every meal.And try to get a little exercise, even if that just means walking to class.Not asking for help Yes, you need to learn to be independent.But part of being independent is taking the initiative to get help if you need it.If you're having problems in class, visit the professor's office hours, or spend some time at the campus tutoring center.If you're having trouble coping, get some help at the campus counseling center.Find out what resources are available and use them.1.What‟s the writer‟s suggestion concerning going to class? A.You should enjoy the freedom of not being forced to go to class.B.You should be responsible for your study and go to class.C.You should reduce the burden of study.D.You should set aside two to three hours for after-class study.标准答案：B 2.What will result in a lot of serious troubles for the freshmen? A.They spend too much money on partying.B.They have fun all the time.C.They become extremely keen on partying.D.They enjoy themselves the moment they leave home.标准答案：C 3.To overcome homesickness, what can freshmen do on campus? A.Keeping away from old friends.B.Participating in campus activities and making new friends.C.Going to the same college with the ready-made friends.D.Making the dormitory as comfortable as home.标准答案：B 4.We can know from the passage that freshmen can find their own thing through___.A.being themselves B.taking part in a student government C.joining a fraternity or sorority because it is popular with most people D.exploring new things and making a lot of new friends 标准答案：A 5.Which of the following expressions has the closest meaning to “turn up one‟s noses” in paragraph 7? A.look up to someone B.ignore C.investigate D.look down upon someone 标准答案：D
第四套题
Animal, Vegetable, Science, Ethics: Interview with Jonathan Balcombe Author, ethologist and biologist Dr.Jonathan Balcombe is breading new ground in our understanding of and appreciation for animals.For many, Second Nature, his last book, was the first introduction to his fascinating and brace new world of animal behaviorism.His new book, The Exultant Ark: A Pictorial Tour of Animal Pleasure, promises to broaden even more the base of his audience with compelling visual references for all of the major insights in the book.Not only does Balcombe make us rethink our attitudes toward and relationships with non-human animals;he also compels us to turn that knowledge into action.FFh(Free From Harm)interviewed Balcombe to get a deeper understanding of his ideas and in particular how they apply to animals used in agriculture.FFH: Some scientists just do their research, write their reports and visit conferences.But you seem to have a more active role in being an animal advocate.To what extent do you apply your study or animals to action for animals? JB: I consider my job as an animal advocate at least as important as my role as a scientist.I apply my study and knowledge of animals to action through my writings-books, blogs, scholarly papers, book chapters, etc., and through public speaking.FFh: How does science intersect with ethics in your analysis of animal behavior? JB: Animal behavior is one of the nearest windows onto animals‟ inner lives.The way animals behave helps to demonstrate their feelings, and I like to say that feelings are the bedrock of ethics.FFH: How do you explain why the study of animal behavior, ethology, has remained so underdeveloped up to the present time? JB: Observing animal behavior is so absorbing that I‟m a bit puzzled as to why there was so relatively little written about it before Darwin‟s time.But let‟s give science its due;after a period of near-sighted denial when it was doubted even whether animals were conscious, the latter 20th century has seen the emergence of ethology as a lively and very active field.I view ethology‟s contributions to our understanding of animals as one of the pillars supporting the animal rights movement.FFH: In what major directions do you see this discipline is heading? JB: I am encouraged by the recent rise in studies on animal emotions and cognition.I think these trends will continue.We are beginning to see more studies that combine behavior with non-invasive brain imaging and measures of biochemical changes to show parallels between humans and non-human animals.This sort of evidence is very persuasive, and I believe it has a key role in compelling the sort of paradigm shift people in this social movement are hoping for.FFH: What can a better understanding of pleasure in animals do to help us understand ourselves better? JB: Recognizing and accepting animal pleasure is an act of basic empathy.It is recognizing that-when it comes to the experience of a quality of life-they are us and we are them.FFH: How did you go about selecting the images in The Exultant Ark? JB: Some images were easy to select because they were both beautiful and they “shouted” animal pleasure.Others were more subtle and requited communication with the photographer to help clarify what was going on when the photo was taken.I also had a framework into which I wanted to organize the photos, and some otherwise legitimate images just didn‟t fit that framework.FFH: With regard to farmed animals, what unique ethical questions do we face with the knowledge we have of their behavior and intelligence? JB: There‟s really just one primary ethical question here: How can we possibly justify damaging these animals, crowding them into places that deny even their most basic needs, and then shipping them in terribly stressful conditions to the horror of their slaughter-when we don‟t even need to eat them to begin with? The answer is clear: We can‟t.FFH: What opposing views of animal behavior serve to justify the treatment of farmed animals today? What are their sources? JB: I‟ve yet to see a single opposing view that justifies our treatment of farmed animals.FFH: How important do you think veganism is as an ethical and practical solution to the fate of animals used in agriculture today? JB: Veganism is as vital as it is easy.I regard it as the Holy Grail of personal activism for animals, the environment, and human health.It is also a useful tool for addressing this nation‟s economic problems.1.What‟s the purpose of the interview with Dr.Balcombe? A.To discover something new in people‟s understanding of and appreciation for animals.B.To introduce Balcombe‟s theory about animal behaviorism.C.To encourage people to reconsider their attitudes toward and relationships with animals.D.To get further understanding of Balcombe‟s ideas and especially how they apply to farmed animals.标准答案：D 2.Which of the following words or phrases can replace the word “bedrock” in parapgraph6? A.solid rock B.condition C.ground rock D.foundation 标准答案：D 3.How does Dr.Balcome think of ethology, the study of animal behavior? A.People in Darwin‟s time knew nothing about ethology.B.Ethology will arouse people‟s denial and doubt.C.By offering better understanding of animals, ehtology plays a vital role in the animal rights movement.D.Despite its underdevelopment at present, ethology will still be absorbing.标准答案：C 4.What does “these trends” refer to in paragraph 10?
A.Recent rise in studies on animal emotions and cognition.B.Recent recognition of the importance of ethology.C.Recent recognition of the close relationship between animals and human beings.D.Recent rise in the animal rights movement.标准答案：A 5.According to Dr.Balcome, what images can be easily selected into The Exultant Ark? A.Images demonstrating the relationship between human beings and animals.B.Images showing how human beings protect animals.C.Images both beautiful and representing animals‟ pleasure.D.Images more subtle and requiring communication with the photographer.标准答案：C
第五套题
Six Bermuda Triangle Theories The Bermuda Triangle is a region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the Florida coast that has reportedly the highest number of cases of planes and ships mysteriously disappearing without a trace.It is a region roughly in the shape of a triangle located between Miami on the Florida coast and two islands, the island of Bermuda and the island of San Juan in Puerto Rico.Also known as the “Devil‟s Triangle”, the Bermuda Triangle remains a mystery unsolved even today.Here are some theories that attempt to explain the mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle.Theory 1: Effect of a comet The first theory that we‟ll discuss here is the theory that a comet from outer space crashed into the Earth thousands of years ago, near the area, which is now the The Bermuda Triangle.People who believe in this theory also seem to believe that somewhere in the depths of the ocean, there must lie the remains of this comet and it is the electromagnetic attractions of the comet that cause all the havoc, including interruptions of aircraft signals.No traces of a comet or anything similar to it has been found yet and in the absence of proof, this theory remains nothing but an assumption.Theory 2: Time warp
This theory is one of the most popular theories in spite of the fact that there is nothing to prove it.The “time warp” theory claims that the reason for so many disappearances is time travel.In other words, this theory says that whenever something ends up at the Bermuda Triangle, it either travels back in time or to some time in the future.There are also people who have reported seeing a huge tunnel-shaped cloud around the region, which they believe is a tunnel for time travel.Theory 3: City of Atlantis
This theory is supported by some people who believe that the lost city of Atlantis was located somewhere close to the Bahamas.What they also believe is that the mysterious city of Atlantis still lay buried somewhere below the ocean and legend has it that this city was powered by energy obtained from powerful crystals.According to this theory, the effect of the remains of these crystals is what is responsible for the aircraft radio signals going out of control.There are ever supposed proofs for that, the most important one being the Bimini Road, which is a peculiar cock structure that appears to be an ancient dockyard.Theory 4: U.S.military base
Ever heard about Area 51? It is a base of the U.S.Air Force where testing of military equipment is carried out and which is notorious for many reported UFO sightings.Well, there is a similar testing base of the U.S.Navy on the Andros Islands in the Bahamas.Some people believe that there is something more to it than a mere weapon testing base and that it is the location where the government has built equipment to communicate with the extraterrestrial.And it is this supposedly advanced technology that has got something to do with the vanishing of ships and planes!
Theory 5: Rough weather
This is one of the more practical theories explaining the mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle.The Atlantic Ocean is famous for its storms, hurricanes and rough weather.Violent storms and hurricanes cause the waves to rise as high as 80 feet or more.Add to that the strong currents of the Gulf Stream and you have a situation from which it is almost impossible to escape!Even more danger lurks beneath the ocean as this is the deepest region in the Atlantic, the location of the Puerto Rico trench.So, if a ship or an aircraft gets trapped in the storm and sinks deep into the water, it can very well appear to have disappeared without a trace!
Theory 6: Human error
Believed to be the NO.1 reason for the disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle, this theory states that it all happens as a result of human error.The area surrounding the Bermuda Triangle consists of a string of islands, each very similar to the other.Because of this, it is very difficult to find your way there.Moreover, the rough weather and storms add to the risk factor.In such a scenario, once you are lost, it will be very difficult to return.Also, the area over the Bermuda Triangle experiences a lot of air traffic which increases the probability of disasters.1.The Bermuda Triangle is a region _____.A.in the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean B.where lots of ships and planes disappeared mysteriously C.in the shape of a triangle located among three islands D.whose mystery has been well explained with many theories 标准答案：B 2.Concerning the comet theory, which of the following is true? A.There is adequate evidence to prove the theory.B.The comet is huge and aggressive.C.Some remains of the comet have been found.D.The electromagnetic attractions of the comet have caused all the disasters.标准答案：D 3.The time warp theory _____.A.is believed by those who have seen a tunnel for time travel B.believes that time travel causes so many ships and planes to disappear C.claims that all the ships and planes disappearing in the area have traveled to some time in the future D.is convincing because of the existence of the tunnel for time travel 标准答案：B 4.It‟s said that the mysterious city of Atlantis was powered by energy got from_____.A.powerful crystals B.electricity C.water D.the sun 标准答案：A 5.According to Theory 3, why is the lost city of Atlantis related to the disappearances of planes and ships in the Bermuda Triangle? A.Because the lost city was located in the area.B.Because there were many crystals in the city.C.Because the remains of the city were powered by crystals.D.Because the remains of the crystals make the aircraft radio signals out of work.标准答案：D
第六套题
Memories in the Rain The door slammed behind me once again, as I ran from the world I knew all too well.I needed an escape.I felt as if my mind and my soul were being chocked.I jumped in the car and started down the long drive, not knowing where I would end up, but knowing anywhere would be better than here.Night had begun to fall, and as the miles that separated me from home increased, I began to relax.It seemed as though my car knew where to take me, because the drive was effortless.I ended up along the narrow road adjacent to the river.It was one of the roads I had driven daily as a teen.I hadn‟t been on this road for years.My life now, as an adult, was too busy to take time out for joy rides.I had deadlines to meet, PTA meetings to attend, bills to pay and a husband to pacify.I smiled as I drove past the places that I‟d spent so many evenings, parked with friends along this road.I had lost touch with some precious memories, but they seemed to be flooding back, filling my heart.I pulled over underneath a familiar gnarled tree and got out.The wind had started blowing and I could smell the incoming rain.Pushing my hair out of my eyes, I ran to the tree and searched the trunk.It didn‟t take long for me to find what I was looking for.Julie and Danny, True Love Always.Time and weather had faded the words, but they were still there.Tears came to my eyes as I traced the words lovingly with my fingers.This was Danny‟s favorite spot.I turned and walked toward the river and my tears seemed to act as a cue for the rain to start falling.I sat on a rock, eyes closed, listening to the sound of the raindrops meeting the river.I felt his hands cup my cheek and his lips gently touch mine.His scent was mixed with the smell of the fresh rain and I could feel his warmth next to me.I didn‟t dare open my eyes, instead, I slid my arms around his neck and kissed him the way I‟d kissed him two decades ago.Tears slid down my cheeks as we embraced.I had spent years trying to forget how his arms felt around me, and here they were again, stronger than ever.I could feel the need in him and I wondered if he knew how badly I needed him, too.The rain was coming down in torrents now, but it didn‟t matter.I could feel his warm breath against my skin as he kissed my neck.I ran my hands over his strong chest, and through his blonde hair.Even soaking wet, I remembered the feel of it, the feel of him.A loud clap of thunder forced me to open my eyes and I realized that I was alone with my memories.The accident hadn‟t happened far from here.The road winds along the river and the girl driving Danny‟s car that night wasn‟t the first to miss the hairpin turn.The car rolled and the driver‟s side was crushed.They said the driver died instantly, but Danny held on for a few hours.Those few hours seemed like an eternity.He had been so young, and I hadn‟t known how to say goodbye.For 20 years I‟ve tried to replace the memories of that night with memories of better ones, memories of his smile, his kiss and of the wonderful person that I had come to love.I closed my eyes again and remembered Danny introducing me to his friends as “the one”.I wondered what my life might have been like had Danny not died that night, so many years ago.Would I really have been “the one”?
As I got up to leave, I felt a warmth enveloping me.I blew a kiss to that old gnarled tree as I climbed, soaking wet, into my car and began my journey home.Thank you, Danny.You were always there when I needed you.1.Why did the writer need an escape away from home? A.Because she wanted to relive her old memories.B.Because she knew the world around her all too well.C.Because her mind and soul were badly hurt.D.Because she wanted to take time out for a joy ride.标准答案：C 2.Where did the writer end up after a long driver away from home? A.In a forest.B.In a park beside the river.C.On a road near the river.D.At the end of the road.标准答案：C 3.Where were the words “Julie and Danny, True Love Always” written on? A.A car.B.A leaf.C.A rock.D.A trunk.标准答案：D 4.What was the most probable relationship between Danny and Julie? A.Boyfriend and girlfriend.B.Brother and sister.C.Husband and wife.D.Classmates.标准答案：A 5.Who was driving the car when the accident happened that night? A.A girl.B.A taxi driver.C.Danny.D.Julie.标准答案：A
第七套题
Is Valentine’s Day Necessary? On Valentine‟s Day, I received an e-mail from a friend.“Are you husband and you celebrating Valentine‟s Day?” he asked.“Strange question,” I thought.“Of course we celebrate, doesn‟t everyone? We may not have a party, but we‟ll definitely do something special for this day.”
My friend‟s simple inquiry bothered me throughout the day to the extent that I was encouraged to observe who was and wasn‟t celebrating.I was also curious to find out the degree of seriousness that matched this day of love.The first person I spoke with was my neighbor.“Do you buy your wife a Valentine‟s Day gift?” I asked in a cheerful voice.“No one tells me when to buy a gift for my wife,” he replied proudly.“I buy her chocolate and flowers when I feel like doing so.” He emphasized the word “I” as he poked himself in the chest.“Have a happy Valentine‟s Day,” I said to him.“And to you, too,” he said with a smile.“It‟s not necessary to choose a day to say „I love you‟ to your spouse,” he continued.As everyone knows, Valentine‟s Day is celebrated on February 14 every year.Although it has its origin I Christianity, it‟s a non-religious custom observed globally nowadays.Traditionally, the day celebrates romance, but it‟s also a day to honor the ones we love.It appears that what was once a relatively low-key day when children made cards at school for their classmates and parents, and men gave their lovers chocolate or flowers, has grown in many regions into an occasion for elaborate gift-giving, romantic adventures and a number of public activities.From the very beginning of February, jewelers, department stores, as well as other commercial enterprises, offer discounts to shoppers.Flower shops are full of red roses and restaurants advertise their special meals which can melt lovers‟ heart.Love or romantic comedy movies are always on throughout this month.By Monday morning this past week, everyone who watched television had learned the prices of roses all over the world, and throughout the day, bumped into enthusiastic hostesses at restaurants greeting prospective guests at the curb.At school, I asked the students in my English class to talk about couples they admire.As teenagers, they were excited to discuss the claimed extra-marital affairs of two pop stars.One girl was, however, delighted by the legend of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai-a well-known tale of forbidden lovers who, after death, had a lasting reunion in the form of butterflies.The story id commonly referred to as China‟s Romeo and Juliet.Students exchanged beautiful hand-made cards;colleagues gave each other a single red rose, and many e-greeting cards were sent.My single friends from English Corner, dressed in their finest, as young as pre-teens, optimistically went off to a Valentine‟s Day theme party.At the end of the day when I returned home, I realized that my neighbor‟s attitude was certainly reasonable-we should not need a special day to express our love.If we consider all the joy and merriment of the day, we can find that the celebration of Valentine‟s Day is much more than saying “I love you” or giving old-fashioned symbolic gifts-it is a day of fun.Surely, we can feel love and affection every day of a year.But how wonderful it is to have one day to express our love for our friends, family, and lovers if we are fortunate to have one.Although some romantically-unattached people feel neglected on Valentine‟s Day, regardless of age or circumstance, it is a day to be colorful-wear colorful dresses, eat colorful candies, and receive colorful flowers.Valentine‟s Day is a day to say to the ones you love, “I love you every day, and today I love you more.”
1.How will the writer celebrate Valentine‟s Day? A.Have a big party.B.Travel around.C.Rest at home.D.Do something special.标准答案：D 2.The writer was encouraged by her friend‟s question to _____.A.find out how serious people are in celebrating Valentine‟s Day B.learn about the history of Valentine‟s Day
C.find out the reasons why people celebrate Valentine‟s Day D.tell people the importance of Valentine‟s Day 标准答案：A 3.Valentine‟s Day is celebrated _____nowadays.A.for religious purposes B.as a non-religious custom C.as a very important occasion
D.through people‟s making fun of each other 标准答案：B 4.Traditionally, Valentine‟s Day is also a day _____.A.for people to be romantic B.to honor those we admire C.for people to look for a lover D.to honor those we love 标准答案：D 5.In the past, on Valentine‟s Day, _____.A.children made cards for their classmates and parents B.men bought fashionable clothes for their lovers C.jewelers sold poor quality goods to customers D.restaurants offered special meals 标准答案：A
第八套题
How to Make Friends at Work From being well-connected to having someone lend you a hand when needed, the advantages of having friends at work are many.If you regularly find yourself in a cold corner on your office floor, here are tips that you can use to win friends and make office buddies for life.Bring something for everyone in your office every once in a while
Whether it is a bag of lollies, biscuits, Tim Tams or a box of doughnuts from Dunkin‟ Donuts, it would be nice if you brought your office colleagues a little something every now and then.Food is a sure-fire way of letting your office mates know that you are putting in a genuine effort to be friends with them and that you care about them.And best of all, if you consider yourself an amateur baker, why not bake a lot of your best brownies or cookies for your friends at work?
Sympathize with your colleagues at work
Everyone at work has their own share of problems.There are really no exceptions.If you want to make friends at work, you must learn to sympathize with fellow colleagues and help them out in whichever way you can.For example, if your colleague is going through a rough patch with her husband and her marriage is on the rocks, don‟t hesitate to ask if you can temporarily help her out by picking up some of her daily tasks.Genuine sympathy never goes unnoticed and a work place is no different.Work for your team, not for yourself
While it is easy to get carried away and think about your own benefit all the time, you should remember that your progress at work lies in the progress of your teammates and vice versa.If you go out of the way to help your colleagues at work, they will hopefully reciprocate by crediting you with their success.Go out for lunch with your colleagues
We all love to have lunch buddies at work, don‟t we? That‟s exactly why you should make an attempt to go for lunch with the people who you want to be friends with at work.A chat over lunch will not only allow you to be better friends with your workmates, but will also provide a window of opportunity for you to catch up on all the latest gossip at work.So catch up with a buddy at work for lunch, whether it is in the office cafeteria or at the neighborhood take-away joint.Involve your colleagues in your life outside work
Involving your colleagues in your life outside word is one of the first signs of trust and friendship that you can give out.Tell your workmates about your family, tell them about your relationships tell them about the problems you face in your personal life and tell them what you‟ve been up to outside the confines of the walls of your office.Your colleagues will feel connected to you in a more-than-just-professional way.For all you know, you may even find your next vest friend right in your workplace!However, make sure that you share only the things that are t host appropriate to be shared in an office environment.Be human-Have an opinion
If you really want to make friends at work, don‟t be afraid to have an opinion or voice out how you feel, even if it means being bad-tempered at times.While most management experts and books will tell you to carry a positive attitude at work all the time, that may not go well in helping you be popular at work.Your workmates expect you to have a mind of your own and more importantly, expect you to voice your opinion.If you are going to hold a poker face all the time, you may seem like your boss‟s puppet who only does what the boss says.1.What is suggested for sympathizing with your colleagues at work in the passage?
A)Sharing their problems in private life
B)Helping them get through hard times
C)Feeling sorry for their misfortune
D)Asking what‟s going on about their marriage 标准答案：B 2.Teamwork is emphasized in making friends at work because______.A.you may easily lose control of yourself at work
B.your colleagues will help you at work
C.your success depends on others‟ progress
D.your sympathy for others is very important 标准答案：C 3.Why is going out for lunch with colleagues advisable for making friends at work? A.Because chatting over lunch allows you to know more about the latest news at work.B.Because people all love to have lunch together.C.Because gossip over lunch is very funny.D.Because cafeterias and take-away joints are very popular.标准答案：A 4.By involving your colleagues in your life outside work, you can______.A.tell them your personal problems
B.show your trust and friendship
C.reduce your stress at work
D.overcome the limitations of office work 标准答案：B 5.What is the writer‟s attitude toward making friends at work?
A.Objective
B.Optimistic
C.Negative
D.Positive 标准答案：D
第九套题
All You Remember
All you remember about your child being an infant is the incredible awe you felt about the precious miracle you created.You remember having plenty of time to give all your wisdom and knowledge.You thought your child would take all of your advice and make fewer mistakes, and be much smarter than you wee.You wished for your child to hurry and grow up.All you remember about your child being two is never using the restroom alone or getting to watch a movie without talking animals.You recall afternoons talking on the phone while sitting in the bedroom closet, and being convinced your child would be the first Ivy League college student to graduate wearing pullovers at the ceremony.You remember worrying about the bag of M&M‟s melting in your pocket and ruining your good dress.You wished for your child to be more independent.All you remember about your child being five is the first day of school and finally having the house to yourself.You remember joining the PTA and being elected president when you left a meeting to use the restroom.You remember being asked “Is Santa real?” and saying “yes” because he had to be for a little bit longer.You remember shaking the sofa cushions for loose change, so the tooth fairy could come and take away your child‟s first lost tooth.You wished for your child to have all permanent teeth.All you remember about your child being sever is the carpool schedule.You learned to apply makeup in two minutes and brush your teeth in the rearview mirror because the only time you had to yourself was when you were stopped at red lights.You considered painting your car yellow and posting “taxi” sign on the lawn next to the garage door.You remember people staring at you, the few times you were out the car, because you kept moving your foot and making acceleration noised.You wished for the day your child would learn how to drive.All you remember about your child being 10 is managing the school fund raisers.You sold wrapping paper for paint, T-shirts for new furniture, and magazine subscriptions for shade trees in the school playground.You remember storing a hundred cases of candy bars in the garage to sell so the school band could get new uniforms, and how they melted together on an unseasonably warm spring afternoon.You wished your child would grow out of playing an instrument.All you remember about your child being 12 is sitting in the stands during baseball practice and hoping your child‟s team would strike out fast because you had more important things to do at home.The coach didn‟t understand how busy you were.You wished the baseball season would be over soon.All you remember about your child being 14 is being asked not to stop the car in front of the school in the morning.You had to drive two blocks further and unlock the doors without coming to a complete stop.You remember not getting to kiss your child goodbye or talking to him in front of his friends.You wished your child would be more mature.All you remember about your child being 16 is loud music and undistinguished lyrics screamed to a rhythmic beat.You wished for your child to grow up and leave home with the stereo.All you remember about your child being 18 is the day when he was born and having all the time in the world.And, as you walk through your quiet house, you wonder where he went and you wish your child hadn‟t grown up so fast.1.You wished your child aged two to______.A.become more independent B.use the restroom alone C.watch movies without talking animals D.like popular M&M‟s 标准答案：A 2.You finally had the house to yourself because______.A.the kid went to the grandparents‟ house
B.the kid went to play outside
C.the kid went to school
D.the kid became very quiet 标准答案：C 3.You had to brush your teeth in the car because______.A.this was your habit
B.it was your job to drive for your child and you were very busy
C.your child enjoyed seeing you do it
D.you often got up late 标准答案：B 4.Which of the following is not true according to paragraph 4?
A.You once considered painting your car yellow.B.Sometimes you withed your child could drive himself.C.People stared at you because you made acceleration noises.D.Sometimes you wanted to be a taxi driver.标准答案：D 5.The reason why you wished the baseball season would be over soon is that______.A.it was boring to you
B.the child was not good at baseball
C.you had some more important business to do
D.you think it was tiring for the child 标准答案：C
第十套题
College Freshman Year Mistakes You are bound to mess a few things up during freshman year, and that‟s okay!Here are some common mistakes that students make during their first semester or two, and suggestions about how to avoid them.Skipping class So much freedom!Nobody can force you to do to class anymore!However, nobody can force you to pass your classes anymore either, so you‟d better take responsibility and go.Not studying enough It's time to readjust your expectations of workload from what you had in high school.In college, teachers expect you to put in 2-3 hours of work outside of the classroom for every credit of coursework--and sometimes more.Not doing the reading This is a mistake that high school students make too, but it's one you might be able to get away with in high school.Read your syllabus frequently and make sure you keep up, at least most of the time.Frequent and excessive partying Speaking of freedom, it can be intoxicating to have the freedom to party whenever you want and for as long as you want.Many freshmen go completely overboard, which can lead to a host of serious problems.Remember, you have your whole life to have fun.It doesn't all have to happen the second you leave your parent's home.Going home too often Homesickness is a common freshman problem, and it's tempting to go back to the comforts of home as much as possible.But you're never going to get over your homesickness if you keep going home.Instead, get involved on campus and make new friends.Similarly, if you come to campus with a ready-made group of friends, branch out.Not finding “your own thing”
Many incoming students do what they think they're supposed to do, based on peer pressure, parental expectations, or from watching too many bad TV shows and movies about college.College gives you an opportunity to try out lots of new things and befriend lots of new people, so explore!Don't join a fraternity or sorority because that's what you think college is supposed to be like--and don't not join a fraternity or sorority because your friends turn up their noses.Don't get involved with student government because that's what your dad did.Be yourself.Not opening your mind On campus, you're bound to be exposed to all kinds of ideas that are different from your own, and all kinds of people you never thought you'd be dealing with.While this may be uncomfortable, it's one of the reasons why college is such a great learning experience, so be prepared to listen and learn.Unhealthy eating habits Getting used to eating healthfully on your own is tricky, and it's no wonder that so many students gain the Freshman Fifteen.Don't worry about being perfectly healthy your first semester, but avoid doing things like eating pizza in the middle of the night or eating fries with every meal.And try to get a little exercise, even if that just means walking to class.Not asking for help Yes, you need to learn to be independent.But part of being independent is taking the initiative to get help if you need it.If you're having problems in class, visit the professor's office hours, or spend some time at the campus tutoring center.If you're having trouble coping, get some help at the campus counseling center.Find out what resources are available and use them.1.What will result in a lot of serious troubles for the freshmen? A.They spend too much money on partying.B.They have fun all the time.C.They become extremely keen on partying.D.They enjoy themselves the moment they leave home.标准答案：C 2.To overcome homesickness, what can freshmen do on campus? A.Keeping away from old friends.B.Participating in campus activities and making new friends.C.Going to the same college with the ready-made friends.D.Making the dormitory as comfortable as home.标准答案：B 3.We can know from the passage that freshmen can find their own thing through___.A.being themselves B.taking part in a student government C.joining a fraternity or sorority because it is popular with most people D.exploring new things and making a lot of new friends 标准答案：A 4.Which of the following expressions has the closest meaning to “turn up one‟s noses” in paragraph 7? A.look up to someone B.ignore C.investigate D.look down upon someone 标准答案：D 5.According to the writer, the reason why your going to college is a learning experience is that_____.A.you‟ll definitely encounter different ideas and various people B.you‟ll develop good study habits C.you‟ll acquire knowledge and skills D.you‟ll make some mistakes 标准答案：A
第十一套题
Six Bermuda Triangle Theories The Bermuda Triangle is a region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the Florida coast that has reportedly the highest number of cases of planes and ships mysteriously disappearing without a trace.It is a region roughly in the shape of a triangle located between Miami on the Florida coast and two islands, the island of Bermuda and the island of San Juan in Puerto Rico.Also known as the “Devil‟s Triangle”, the Bermuda Triangle remains a mystery unsolved even today.Here are some theories that attempt to explain the mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle.Theory 1: Effect of a comet The first theory that we‟ll discuss here is the theory that a comet from outer space crashed into the Earth thousands of years ago, near the area, which is now the The Bermuda Triangle.People who believe in this theory also seem to believe that somewhere in the depths of the ocean, there must lie the remains of this comet and it is the electromagnetic attractions of the comet that cause all the havoc, including interruptions of aircraft signals.No traces of a comet or anything similar to it has been found yet and in the absence of proof, this theory remains nothing but an assumption.Theory 2: Time warp
This theory is one of the most popular theories in spite of the fact that there is nothing to prove it.The “time warp” theory claims that the reason for so many disappearances is time travel.In other words, this theory says that whenever something ends up at the Bermuda Triangle, it either travels back in time or to some time in the future.There are also people who have reported seeing a huge tunnel-shaped cloud around the region, which they believe is a tunnel for time travel.Theory 3: City of Atlantis
This theory is supported by some people who believe that the lost city of Atlantis was located somewhere close to the Bahamas.What they also believe is that the mysterious city of Atlantis still lay buried somewhere below the ocean and legend has it that this city was powered by energy obtained from powerful crystals.According to this theory, the effect of the remains of these crystals is what is responsible for the aircraft radio signals going out of control.There are ever supposed proofs for that, the most important one being the Bimini Road, which is a peculiar cock structure that appears to be an ancient dockyard.Theory 4: U.S.military base
Ever heard about Area 51? It is a base of the U.S.Air Force where testing of military equipment is carried out and which is notorious for many reported UFO sightings.Well, there is a similar testing base of the U.S.Navy on the Andros Islands in the Bahamas.Some people believe that there is something more to it than a mere weapon testing base and that it is the location where the government has built equipment to communicate with the extraterrestrial.And it is this supposedly advanced technology that has got something to do with the vanishing of ships and planes!
Theory 5: Rough weather
This is one of the more practical theories explaining the mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle.The Atlantic Ocean is famous for its storms, hurricanes and rough weather.Violent storms and hurricanes cause the waves to rise as high as 80 feet or more.Add to that the strong currents of the Gulf Stream and you have a situation from which it is almost impossible to escape!Even more danger lurks beneath the ocean as this is the deepest region in the Atlantic, the location of the Puerto Rico trench.So, if a ship or an aircraft gets trapped in the storm and sinks deep into the water, it can very well appear to have disappeared without a trace!
Theory 6: Human error
Believed to be the NO.1 reason for the disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle, this theory states that it all happens as a result of human error.The area surrounding the Bermuda Triangle consists of a string of islands, each very similar to the other.Because of this, it is very difficult to find your way there.Moreover, the rough weather and storms add to the risk factor.In such a scenario, once you are lost, it will be very difficult to return.Also, the area over the Bermuda Triangle experiences a lot of air traffic which increases the probability of disasters.1.Concerning the comet theory, which of the following is true? A.There is adequate evidence to prove the theory.B.The comet is huge and aggressive.C.Some remains of the comet have been found.D.The electromagnetic attractions of the comet have caused all the disasters.标准答案：D 2.The time warp theory _____.A.is believed by those who have seen a tunnel for time travel B.believes that time travel causes so many ships and planes to disappear C.claims that all the ships and planes disappearing in the area have traveled to some time in the future D.is convincing because of the existence of the tunnel for time travel 标准答案：B 3.It‟s said that the mysterious city of Atlantis was powered by energy got from_____.A.powerful crystals B.electricity C.water D.the sun 标准答案：A 4.According to Theory 3, why is the lost city of Atlantis related to the disappearances of planes and ships in the Bermuda Triangle? A.Because the lost city was located in the area.B.Because there were many crystals in the city.C.Because the remains of the city were powered by crystals.D.Because the remains of the crystals make the aircraft radio signals out of work.标准答案：D 5.What do we learn about Area 51 according to the passage? A.It‟s a testing base of the U.S.Air Force.B.It‟s located on the Andros Islands.C.It‟s the location to communicate with the extraterrestrial.D.It‟s famous for the sightseeing of UFOs.标准答案：A
第十二套题
Is Valentine’s Day Necessary?
On Valentine‟s Day, I received an e-mail from a friend.“Are you husband and you celebrating Valentine‟s Day?” he asked.“Strange question,” I thought.“Of course we celebrate, doesn‟t everyone? We may not have a party, but we‟ll definitely do something special for this day.”
My friend‟s simple inquiry bothered me throughout the day to the extent that I was encouraged to observe who was and wasn‟t celebrating.I was also curious to find out the degree of seriousness that matched this day of love.The first person I spoke with was my neighbor.“Do you buy your wife a Valentine‟s Day gift?” I asked in a cheerful voice.“No one tells me when to buy a gift for my wife,” he replied proudly.“I buy her chocolate and flowers when I feel like doing so.” He emphasized the word “I” as he poked himself in the chest.“Have a happy Valentine‟s Day,” I said to him.“And to you, too,” he said with a smile.“It‟s not necessary to choose a day to say „I love you‟ to your spouse,” he continued.As everyone knows, Valentine‟s Day is celebrated on February 14 every year.Although it has its origin I Christianity, it‟s a non-religious custom observed globally nowadays.Traditionally, the day celebrates romance, but it‟s also a day to honor the ones we love.It appears that what was once a relatively low-key day when children made cards at school for their classmates and parents, and men gave their lovers chocolate or flowers, has grown in many regions into an occasion for elaborate gift-giving, romantic adventures and a number of public activities.From the very beginning of February, jewelers, department stores, as well as other commercial enterprises, offer discounts to shoppers.Flower shops are full of red roses and restaurants advertise their special meals which can melt lovers‟ heart.Love or romantic comedy movies are always on throughout this month.By Monday morning this past week, everyone who watched television had learned the prices of roses all over the world, and throughout the day, bumped into enthusiastic hostesses at restaurants greeting prospective guests at the curb.At school, I asked the students in my English class to talk about couples they admire.As teenagers, they were excited to discuss the claimed extra-marital affairs of two pop stars.One girl was, however, delighted by the legend of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai-a well-known tale of forbidden lovers who, after death, had a lasting reunion in the form of butterflies.The story id commonly referred to as China‟s Romeo and Juliet.Students exchanged beautiful hand-made cards;colleagues gave each other a single red rose, and many e-greeting cards were sent.My single friends from English Corner, dressed in their finest, as young as pre-teens, optimistically went off to a Valentine‟s Day theme party.At the end of the day when I returned home, I realized that my neighbor‟s attitude was certainly reasonable-we should not need a special day to express our love.If we consider all the joy and merriment of the day, we can find that the celebration of Valentine‟s Day is much more than saying “I love you” or giving old-fashioned symbolic gifts-it is a day of fun.Surely, we can feel love and affection every day of a year.But how wonderful it is to have one day to express our love for our friends, family, and lovers if we are fortunate to have one.Although some romantically-unattached people feel neglected on Valentine‟s Day, regardless of age or circumstance, it is a day to be colorful-wear colorful dresses, eat colorful candies, and receive colorful flowers.Valentine‟s Day is a day to say to the ones you love, “I love you every day, and today I love you more.”
1.The writer was encouraged by her friend‟s question to _____.A.find out how serious people are in celebrating Valentine‟s Day B.learn about the history of Valentine‟s Day
C.find out the reasons why people celebrate Valentine‟s Day D.tell people the importance of Valentine‟s Day 标准答案：A 2.Valentine‟s Day is celebrated _____nowadays.A.for religious purposes B.as a non-religious custom C.as a very important occasion
D.through people‟s making fun of each other 标准答案：B 3.Traditionally, Valentine‟s Day is also a day _____.A.for people to be romantic B.to honor those we admire C.for people to look for a lover D.to honor those we love 标准答案：D 4.In the past, on Valentine‟s Day, _____.A.children made cards for their classmates and parents B.men bought fashionable clothes for their lovers C.jewelers sold poor quality goods to customers D.restaurants offered special meals 标准答案：A 5.Most students in the writer‟s English class are interested in _____.A.love stories of famous leaders B.love affairs of some pop stars C.well-known tales in the history D.examples of long-lasting marriage 标准答案：B
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