学术英语摘要

第一篇：学术英语摘要

Text 4

Security Benefits of Cloud Computing

Abstract: Today, we can easily notice how the nature of the internet is changing from a place used to read web pages to an environment that allows the users to run software applications.Nowadays, with the development of web page ,the newest web page has up to web pages 3.0,also called the intelligent web ,which is the next stage of the internet evolution.the cloud means the internet.the term is derived from the way in which the internet is often represented into the network diagrams.the current cloud computing

architecture involves the existence of the data centers that are able to provide services to the clients located al overthe world.the main advantages of the cloud computing are the following :there is no need to download or install a specific software and update the local system, users or clients don’t afraid to the computing crashing, because everything is stored into cloud.the cost is low or even free ,like mobile phone or PDAs.the cloud

computing can be used.but everything has its short leg ,there are some disadvantages as well, like :it is hard to integrate with the existing in-house infrastructure.there are not

enough major suppliers in this field and so on.Some major Security benefits for individuals or companies, like the following: centralizing data storage ,increasing uncertainty,virtualization allows a rapid replacement of compromised server located into the cloud without major costs or damages.Today ,the information infrastructure is moving faster to a simple but very innovative concept called cloud computing.the cloud computing is potentially able to offer major security benefits.Key words :security ,cloud computing, advantages, benefits

云计算的安全优势

摘要：今天，我们可以很容易发现如何在互联网的本质是从用于读取网页到一个环境，使用户能够运行应用软件的地方改变。

如今，随着网页的发展，最新的网页有多达网页3.0，也称为智能网，它是互联网演进的下一阶段。云是指互联网。这个词是从在互联网上通常表示成网络图的方式获得。目前的云计算架构涉及到能够给客户提供服务的数据中心的存在，位于人在世界。云计算的主要优势有以下几点：无需下载或安装一个特定的软件和更新本地系统，用户或客户端不害怕的计算崩溃，因为一切都被存储到云计算的成本低甚至免费，如移动电话或PDA。，云计算可以使用，但任何事物都有它的腿短，也有一些缺点，如：它是很难与现有的内部基础设施的整合没有足够的主要供应商在这一领域等。

为个人或公司，如以下一些主要的安全优势：数据集中存储，不确定性增加，虚拟化技术允许快速更换定位成云无重大费用或损失被攻陷服务器的今天，信息基础设施正在快速地简单，但。非常创新的概念，叫做云计算。云计算是潜在的能够提供重大的安全利益。关键词：安全，云计算，优点，好处

Text 8

How Nanotechnology Works

Abstract:

At the begin of this article,it states that there are unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence scientists dedicated to the study of a world so small that we can’t see it—even with a light microscope and tells us the important of nanotechnology.Then in order to understand the unusual world of nanotechnology ,we need to get an idea of the units of measure involved.The long of one nanometer is so small.When we measure the atomic scale,we can find that it’s still small compare to the nannmeter.But in a lecture called “Small Wonders:The World of Nanoscience”,Nobel Prize winner Dr.Horst Stormer said that the nanoscale is more interstesting than the atomic scale because the nanoscale is the first point where we can assemble something—it’s not until we start putting atoms together that we can make anything useful.Then the article states that some predictions of nanotechnology such as the use of the rule of quantum mechanics,nanorobot.It

nanotechnology in future.Key words: nanotechnologyvalueapplication in future

Text 10

states that there great value in

Global Warming and Its Effects

Abstract:Global warming has been a global issue for many years now.However, the most prominent effect of global warming exists in the climate change over the past years.It causes the oceans warmer, the intensity of hurricanes amplifies in power and devastation.Another area affected by global warming is the animal kingdom and nature.The number of animals has been decreasing and the various disease has spread to new regions across the globe.A third type of evidence of global warming can be found in plants.The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.Although carbon dioxide largely harms the environment, the other greenhouse gases have a large impact in the atmosphere.Throughout the world, various nations have been joining to help prevent or slow the process of global warming.The issue of global warming affects nature, people, and the economy.Scientists directly link disease to global warming.When people are trying to get others involved in the cause, a common problem that arises is the lack of motivation.In conclusion, the world needs to put forth a stronger effort to prevent global warming.And the mitigation of global warming, we should do from ourselves, from the little things around.Key words: global warming，climate change，effect

全球变暖以及它的影响

摘要：现在全球变暖已经成为多年来的全球问题，然而，过去几年来全球变暖最突出的影响体现在气候变化上，它导致海洋变得更暖、飓

风的强度和力量更强、冰川融化等等。全球变暖影响的另一个领域是动物王国和自然，它导致动物的数量急剧减少、疾病的传播更加广。全球变暖的第三类证据可以在植物中找到。全球变暖的主要原因是不断地燃烧化石燃料，这种燃烧会向大气中释放二氧化碳。不仅仅是二氧化碳，其它的温室气体也对大气有很大影响。在全世界，不同国家一直在努力防止或减缓全球变暖的过程。这个问题影响到自然、人和经济。科学家们直接把疾病和全球变暖联系起来，当人们努力让其他人参与到这项事业中，出现的一个共同问题是缺乏动力。总之，世界需要付出更大的努力以防止全球变暖。减缓全球变暖，我们应该从自己做起，从身边的小事做起。

关键字：全球变暖，气候变化，影响

Text 11

Risks of Nuclear Power Abstract：

The principal risks associated with nuclear power arise from health effects of radiation.The radiation mainly comes form the radioactive material.They can penetrate deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer.If they strike sex cells, they can cause genetic diseases in progeny.But the rate of the latter is far less than the former.Reactor accidents is also one of the risk of nuclear power.But the nuclear power plant design strategy for preventing accidents ,back-up system and mitigating their potential effects is “defence in depth”, so they happen

probability is exceedingly small.If they all fails,very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.The radioactive waste products from the nuclear industry must be isolated from contact with people for very long time periods.The bulk of the radioactivity is contained in the spent fuel, which is quite small in volume and therefore easily handled with great care.At other radiation problems，for example, exploitation of materials and transport of radioactive materials also produce radiation.The effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants depend somewhat on how the spent fuel is handled.Key words：radiation，risks，reactor accidents，radioactive waste核电的风险 摘要： 核电的风险主要来自辐射对健康的危害，这些辐射主要来自于放射性材料。他们可以穿透人体深处,破坏生物细胞,从而引发癌症；如果他们破坏生殖细胞,可能导致遗传疾病。但是后者发生的概率远小于前者。核反应堆事故也是核电的风险之一，由于具有纵深防御的策略，它们发生的几率非常小。但是一旦发生，非常高的辐射剂量可以摧毁身体功能和在60天内导致死亡。核工业的放射性废物必须与人隔离很长时间，放射性的大部分包含在乏燃料，而且体积小，因此非常容易处理。在其它辐射问题上，如在核材料的开采和放射性物质的运输处理时也会产生辐射。但放射性物质从核电站释放的对人类健康的影响在某种程度上取决于它的处理方式。

关键词：辐射、风险、核反应堆事故、放射性废品。

Text 15

Genetically Modified Foods---Feed the World?

Abstract: In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives.Although there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved.However, in developing countries which desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? There are nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished.Biotech can also improve farming productivity in food shortages places.Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25%.But in developing countries, poverty plays the largest role.Nor can biotech overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries.big companies are reluctant to share technology, people may not afford to buy the food too.More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries, and delivers biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries.Biotech is not a panacea, but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries.If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people.Key words :Biotech, agriculture, developing countries.转基因食品----养活全世界的人？

文章摘要：事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。尽管还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。但在迫切想要养活其迅速增长的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢?世界上有近8亿人口营养不良，而生物技术可以帮助提高因作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。许多科学家认为，生物技术能够把发展中国家的农业总产量提高25％。然而在发展中国家，贫穷才是罪魁祸首。生物技术也无法克服在发展中国家分配粮食的难题，大公司不愿分享技术，人民也不一定买得起这些食物。发展中国家正在进行越来越多的生物技术研究，以帮助农民寻求生物技术方面的解决办法。生物技术虽不是万灵药，但它确实有希望改造许多发展中国家的农业。如果这种希望不能实现，真正的受害者将是这些国家的人民。

关键词：生物技术，农业，发展中国家。

第二篇：学术英语摘要

Vocabulary:

Toboggan: a fast sled used for sliding down snowy or icy hills.RV:(recdreational vehicle)large motor vehicle equipped with living space ,such as a toilet,kitchen,sleeping space,etc.Manifest destiny:American philosophy from the 19th century;belief that Americans have a destiny or fate to explore new areas and take over new lands.Hitchhike:

Cinco de mayo:it was a festival of Mexican,today it means freedom and independent

Grafitti:

Dive: a very cheap,often sketchy restaurant or bar

Cuckooa: man who is a stupid,incompetent fool

Pit stop: a break to get food or grass or use the bathroom.Idioms/Slang:

The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence: people tend to want whatever they don’t have.Have itchy feet:

Yellow fever:refer to westen men who like to date Asian women ,for example:John only dates Chinese girls,he denifite have yellow fever.Backseat driver: a passenger who gives unnecessary or annoying directions to the diriver.Dog days of summer: hot and humid weather,usually in late July.Digging a hole to China:1)to dig a hole.2)to have unrealistic goals or expectatry.If she thinks she can pass her drivers exam,she’s just digging a hole to

China.Get lobstered: get a very bad sunburn,turn bright red.Black gold: the oil

To shanghai: to kidnap, trick, or force someone to do something unwillingly.for example :I didn’t want to go to the movies last night, but my friend she

shanghai to me.Don’t eat yellow snow: don’t do things that obvious that is stupid or damage.Concepts:

1.Americans’ perception of Chinas

2.Road trip

3.Great Wall graffiti zone

4.Advice

5.new years resolutions

第三篇：学术英语摘要评论

Main Process of Research on Parent-child Relationship 【Author】 CHEN Yan,CHEN Xin-yu

毕节学院学报 , Journal of Bijie University, 编辑部邮箱 2010年 05期

【Abstract】 Parent-Child Relationships is the first important connection of individual after birth.It in-fluenced the development of individual significantly.This paper discussed the main strides of Parent-Child Relationships research in the world from four topics which included: the period of parent-child conflict,the sexual interaction of parent-child,the influence of family structure,and psychical influence of parent-child relationship.It brings forward the local studies of parent-child relationship.Comment:Abstract is the summary of the paper.In this abstract,the author uses one sentence to introduce the significance of the parent-child relationship in the beginning.The second sentence is used to present the topic from four aspects.And the last sentence show the result of the research.The abstract is very short,however,I think,it did not include the process of the research,nor the background information.A STUDY ON JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ RELATIONSHIP QUALITIES WITH

THEIR PARENTS 【Author】 Shi Wei, Zhang Jinfu, Huang Xiting(Department of psychology, Southwest China Normal University, Chongqing 400715)心理与行为研究 , Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 编辑部邮箱 2004年 01期【Abstract】 A questionnaire was used in this study to investigate 580 students’ relationship quality with their parents.The results showed:(1)The relationship qualities general features were that the relationship’s closeness was in high level, control was higher than average level, self-disclosure, autonomy and conflict were lower than average level, mutuality was in average level.(2)The relationships qualities have many facet significant developmental features, the second grade or/and the third grade is a special period.In the second grade, student-parent relationship’s self-disclosure begin to decline significantly relative to first grade, but insignificantly relative to third grade;autonomy begin to heighten up to third grade.In the third grade, student-parent relationship’s mutuality begin to decline significantly, conflict begin to increase significantly.(3)Many qualities of student-parent relationship are not only influenced by the student gender but also the parent gender, even the interaction of the student gender with the parent gender。

Comment:The first sentence is just a simple one ,but it tells us many things.It presents the topic of the paper.What is more,it also tells us the reseach method:through a questionnaire.Although the author don’t write how to use the questionnaire,it’s enough.The rest sentences illustrat the research result specific in different ways.On The Environment Factors that Affect Mental Health of Adolescence 【Author】 CHEN Hui – ping

北京青年政治学院学报 , Journal of Beijing Youth Politics College, 编辑部邮箱 2006年 01期

【Abstract】 Mental development of children comes to its zero hour in the period of juvenile(12-14)and preadolescence(14-18).Mentality quality that forged in this period affects the career of a person and the cause of a country.In recent years the topic of mental health of children received more and more public attention.From the point of system, exterior environment that affect mental health of adolescence include family, society, school, education of psychology and the view of world.However, the view of world is the key in the dnvironmental system.It is necessary to analysis the environmental factors, to recognize the important of them, and to know the problem of them.By this way, we can solve the psychology problem of adolescence effectively.Comment:The background information is introduced in sentence 1,2 and 3.And the author tells us the paper’s topic in sentence 4.The fifth sentence presents the investigation result.And the next sentence illustrates how the author get the result.The last sentence presents the contribution of the paper.

第四篇：学术英语范文

《学术英语》课程阶段性作业：文献综述

学生姓名：学号：专业班级：完成日期：分数：

The influence of the earthquake disaster and earthquake disaster mitigation measures analysis

There are three main reasons for the earthquake hypothesis , namely “ elastic rebound ”, “the magma shock to say” ' said phase change.“These three hypotheses have some reasonable, but what causes earthquakes, pending further study

The Characteristics of earthquake disasterissudden and strong, destructive big , serious secondary disasters , far-reaching social , defense difficult.Sudden strong make it difficult to predict and the effect of prevention becomes weak.His devastating is to see, such as the Tangshan earthquake which caused 24.2 million deaths , injuries 16.4 million.The Secondary disasters such as fires , floods , tsunamis , landslides , mudslides , gas leaks, pandemics, radioactive contamination is also very scary.2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which has razed to the ground in several cities.Due to sudden strong earthquake , suffered heavy casualties, huge economic losses , tend to produce a chain reaction , causing a huge impact on a region or even a social life and the country 's economic activity , resulting in a profound impact on society.Compared with floods, droughts, typhoons and other weather disasters , earthquake prediction is much more difficult.At the same time , improve the seismic performance of buildings , requires a lot of capital investment , this is not a short period of time can do.Although it is difficult to predict the devastating earthquake , but there is a history of China successfully predicted miracle.At 19:36 on February 4, 1975 occurred in Liaoning Haicheng earthquake prediction is accurate , which makes more than 100 million people in southern Liaoning Province promptly evacuated their homes and workplaces.This success is due to the abnormal situation in a timely manner to collect a large number of earthquake precursors , and timely induction, analyze, summarize the results , thanks to good policies of prevention group prevention and measured.Haicheng earthquake prediction can be successful, professional workers contributed to the earthquake, but it was the implementation of ”mass monitoring and prevention" approach, also played a crucial role.Generally speaking, professional workers in the earthquake, earthquake forecasting long, medium, and have a good chance, but the short-term forecasting, grasp not so big.The earthquake disaster prevention, the short-term forecasting truly decisive.References:

1, The cause of the earthquake

2, The characteristics of earthquake disasters

3, NOVA: Wave That Shook The World—Site and special report shot within days of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.4,changmengfei,Shockproof ,Please reference the historical experience[N].Procuratorate Daily, 2008-05-14.参考文献：

1, 地震灾害的成因

2,地震灾害的特点

3,新星：波浪摇动了世界——直击近日2004年的印度洋海啸的现场特别报道 4, 常梦飞，防震.请借鉴历史经验[N].检察日报, 2008-05-14.

第五篇：学术英语

1.词汇替换（这题全部出自课文后的formal words练习）

2.术语（20个的范围准备，考试考10个。学生必须自己熟悉术语的含义，考试的时候

要求考生根据描述写出术语。）

Iceberg Theory

2.Essay

3.Collective unconscious

4.Artistic merit

5.Literary theory

6.Gender studies

7.Figure of speech

8.Literary criticism

9.Genealogy

10.historical data

11.national identity

12.the pastness of the past

13.the Mandate of Heaven

14.historical consciousness

15.historiography

16.historian/historiographer

17.Paradox

18.epistemology

19.Metaphysics

20.formal developments 1.3.释义（给学生8句的范围准备，考试考2句）

1).The nature of artistic merit is less easy to define than to recognize.The writer need

not even pursue it to attain it.2).The test in individual cases would seem to be one of enduring satisfaction and, ofcourse, truth.3).By embracing literary theory, we learn about literature, but importantly, we are also

taught tolerance for other people’s beliefs.4).Although each reader’s theory and methodology for arriving at a text’sinterpretation differs, sooner or later groups of readers and critics declare allegiance

to a similar core of beliefs and band together, thereby founding schools of criticism.5).“History teaching by example” is one phrase that describes this use of a study of the past — a

study not only of certifiable heroes, the great men and women of history who successfully

worked through moral dilemmas, but also of more ordinary people who provide lessons in

courage, diligence, or constructive protest.6.The same aesthetic and humanistic goals inspire people to immerse themselves in efforts to reconstruct quite remote pasts, far removed from immediate, present-day utility.The method of conceptual analysis might sometimes seem picky, but unclarity or imprecision in our concepts is often what leads us into paradoxes and incoherence in our world views.Every claim, no matter where it comes from, is subject to scrutiny.Even common sense is not taken for granted, which leads

philosophers to put forward some very weird views.7.8.翻译来自第六单元的A课文