Module 1 Business Card Translation商务翻译

第一篇：Module 1 Business Card Translation商务翻译

Module 1 Business Card Translation

business card

visiting card

calling card

name card

complimentary card

或一律简称为card

名片由来

1．名片的由来

名片是在交往中用作简单自我介绍的小印刷品。名片在我国有两千多年的历史，在西汉时就已广为流传，当时是削竹、木为片，称之为“谒”，东汉时改为“刺”，又称“名刺”。自从改用纸后，又叫“名纸”，现在统称为“名片”。

2．名片的风格及规格

名片设计代表着个人的风格。总的来说，设计好、材质好的名片象征着一个人的品位和个性。名片一般长9厘米、宽5.5厘米。形状奇特的名片虽然能引人注目，但很多钱包或名片夹都装不下，因而不易于保存。

按照名片的用途，可以分为以下三类：

1、商业名片

2、公用名片

3、个人名片

商业名片

1、概念：

商业名片是公司或企业进行业务活动时使用的名片。名片的使用大多以营利为目的。

2、主要特点是：

①使用标志、注册商标、印有企业业务范围

②大公司有统一的名片印刷格式，使用较高档纸张

③没有私人家庭信息，用于商业活动

个人名片

1、概念：个人名片是朋友间交流感情，结识新朋友所使用的名片。

2、主要特点：

①名片不使用标志

②名片设计个性化、可自由发挥

③使用名片纸张根据个人喜好

④名片中含有私人家庭信息

从国内外人们所使用的名片来看，名片常有横式，竖式等格式。

文字排列顺序不固定

可一面为中文，一面为英文，也可把它印在同一面，另一面留成空白。中英文在同一面时，可以一行中文，一行英文。

商务名片也可以一面印上内容，而另一面印上企业所涉及的业务范围，当然也可以将全部内容都印在一面。

名片使用注意事项

（1）出示名片与握手礼相类似，通常都是职位偏高者主动出示，或级别高的人向你索要时再出示。

（2）在未确定对方来历之前，在一群陌生人当中，不要随意地递送名片。

（3）参加会议时，应当在适当的时机与想结识的人交换名片。通常是在会议开始或结束时。

（4）随身携带5张名片。

（5）收到名片后不能拿在手里，要妥善保存。

(二)商务名片组成Basic Components of Business Cards1、单位名称(the name of the employer or organization)

2、本人姓名(person’s name)

3、职位、职称、头衔(position, title)

4、地址(the address)

5、电话号码(telephone number)

6、传真号码(fax number)

7、电子邮箱(E-mail address)

8、网址（Website）

(三)商务名片翻译

名片的2大显著语言特点

内容要大写或首字母大写、频繁地使用缩略语。

名片的翻译技巧

对名片的翻译必须采取严肃认真，力争使译文符合国际惯例，让名片真正起到方便沟通、提高交流质量的作用。名片的翻译可以根据名片中不同的部分采取直译、音译及功能对等的方法来翻译。很多已有定译的机构、职务、职称等都可以采用直译法，而对于一些公司、工厂名称的翻译则宜采用音译的方法，如“Deere” 翻译为“迪尔公司”，“Rolls-Royce”翻译成“劳斯莱斯公司”等。对于不适合这两种翻译方法的可以采用功能对等译法，如中英主管人事的部门，尽管功能上不完全相同，但“人事部”和“Personnel Department”还是可以对等的。以下是名片翻译中几个比较棘手的方面。

姓名的翻译

（1）姓+名（首字母大写）

刘德华Liu Dehua

诸葛亮Zhuge Liang

司马光SimaGuang

唐静Tang Jing

（2）名+姓（首字母大写, 姓全部大写）

刘德华Dehua, LIU

诸葛亮Liang, ZHUGE

司马光Guang, SIMA

唐静Jing, TANG

（3）姓+名（首字母大写, 姓全部大写）

刘德华LIU Dehua

诸葛亮ZHUGE Liang

司马光SIMA Guang

唐静TANG Jing

（4）英文名+姓（首字母大写, 姓全部大写—与外国人交流时常用）

刘德华Andy Lau

张学友Jacky Cheung

成龙Jackie Chan

李连杰Jet Li

王菲Faye Wong

陈慧琳Kelly Chen

商号的翻译

定译法

直译法

意译法

灵活英译企业名称

Techniques 1: 定译法(traditional method)

在翻译单位和部门名称时, 首先要查阅有关资料, 确定是否已经有被大家接受的固定译法。尤其是我国正式对外使用的译名, 不宜重译或随便改换。

Techniques 1 : 定译法(traditional method)

e.g.处于企业领导、决策层的部门

姓名的翻译

（1）姓+名（首字母大写）

刘德华Liu Dehua

诸葛亮Zhuge Liang

司马光SimaGuang

唐静Tang Jing

（2）名+姓（首字母大写, 姓全部大写）

刘德华Dehua, LIU

诸葛亮Liang, ZHUGE

司马光Guang, SIMA

唐静Jing, TANG

（3）姓+名（首字母大写, 姓全部大写）

刘德华LIU Dehua

诸葛亮ZHUGE Liang

司马光SIMA Guang

唐静TANG Jing

（4）英文名+姓（首字母大写, 姓全部大写—与外国人交流时常用）

刘德华Andy Lau

张学友Jacky Cheung

成龙Jackie Chan

李连杰Jet Li

王菲Faye Wong

陈慧琳Kelly Chen

商号的翻译

 定译法

 直译法

 意译法

 灵活英译企业名称

Techniques 1: 定译法(traditional method)

 在翻译单位和部门名称时, , 定译法。尤其是我国正式对外使用的译名, 不宜重译或随便改换。

Techniques 1 : 定译法(traditional method)处于企业领导、决策层的部门

企业各部门 Sales Department销售部 Marketing Department营销部 Business Office营业部 Import and Export Department进出口部 International Department国际部 After-sales Department售后服务部 Accounting Department财务部 Personnel Department人事部 Human Resources Department人力资源部 Advertising Department广告部 Public Relations Department公关部 Technology Department技术部 Training Department培训部 Customer Service Department客户服务部 Reception Desk接待处 Purchase Department采购部 Dispatch Department发货部 Material Department材料部 Logistics Department物流部（后勤处）Production Department生产部 Product Development Department产品开发部 Research and Development Department研发部 Planning Department企划部 Quality and Control Department质量控制部 Project Department项目部 Engineering Department工程部

Techniques 2 : 直译（literal translation

在翻译国外没有相同机构，找不到对应词的中文单位、机构名称时，可采用直译，即逐字翻译。

Techniques 3 : 意译（free translation）

由于中英文属不同语系，难免有对应词空缺的时候，因此直译会影响原词含义，这时可采用功能对等的意译法。

中国企业名称一般由四部分组成：

 企业注册地址

 企业专名

 企业生产对象或经营范围

 企业的性质

 企业注册地址：按地名翻译的原则处理;

 企业专名: 可音译，也可意译，音译时可按汉语拼音，也可按英语拼写方式；  企业生产对象或经营范围：须意译，两个并列成份一般用符号“&”连接起来

如：中国科学器材公司译为：

China Scientific Instruments & Materials Corporation

联系方式(地址)翻译

澳门Macao

香港 Hong Kong

西藏 Tibet

呼和浩特 Hohhot

哈尔滨 Harbin

内蒙古 Inner Mongolia

新疆维吾尔自治区 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

乌鲁木齐 Urumqi

路名、地名的翻译 在翻译路名、地名时应当从外籍人士的角度考虑译文是否妥当, 是否被接受和理解。

“桐柏北路”、“桐柏南路”

North Tongbai Road

South Tongbai Road

路名、地名的翻译要统一

街(street)

大街(main street)

正街(main street , main avenue)

支路(feeder road)

环路(ring road)

胡同(alley)

地址顺序：英文地址顺序是由小到大，与中文正好相反。

比如，992 East Park Avenue, Rockford, IL61125, USA

译为：美国罗克福德市公园大道东路992号, 邮编：IL61125

中国地名翻译成英文时，基本采用音译法。

 汉语地名分专名和通名，例如：省 ：Henan Province

邮编

 中文邮政编码通行写法是另起一行，前面标上“邮编（Postal Code；Zip；P.C.）”两

字，英美各国的惯例却是将邮编直接写在州或城市的后面， 如：1120 Lincoln Street, Denver, CO 80203，USA

第二篇：商务翻译

商务翻译

教学从商务翻译的常识和策略开始，循序渐进地进入不同专题并培养学生的策略运用及对商务文体的分析和处理。教学内容主要突出一下几个方面：从商务术语、表达修辞、语篇结构等多角度分析商务文本；比较中、英文平行文本的异同；剖析不同题材商务翻译的特点和共性规律。

主要内容

第一部分商务英语概述

第二部分商务翻译宏观方法

第三部分商务翻译常用技巧

第四部分多种商务题材翻译

本课程要求：

要求学生了解商务翻译常识；掌握翻译的宏、微观策略，并完成老师布置的课下针对性练习。通过自主学习与小组活动，自我修正及互相完善。

第三篇：商务合同翻译

1)为了便于甲方及时开展工作，乙方应于2009年12月31日前将第一批寄售货物运到甲方处。在2010年3月十五日左右，甲、乙双方应就剩下的寄售期限可能销量达成共识。

In order to facilitate Party A’s work of starting the consignment sales on time, Party B should ship the first lot of consignment goods to Party A before Dec.31, 2009.On or about March 15, 2010, Party A and Party B shall meet to mutually determine on acceptable sales level for the remainder of the consignment period.2)在寄售合同到期后的一个月内，甲方将按合同单价把已售出的货物以美元形式全额汇给乙方。如果有销售额总额超过15万美元的情况，甲方应在一月内将销售款以美元形式汇给乙方。

Within one month after expiration of the consignment period, Party A shall remit Party B the total sum in U.S Dollars based on the contracted unit price for those items which have been sold.If at any time the total value of goods sold exceeds the amount of U.S.Dollars 150000, Party A shall remit the total sum in U.S.Dollars to Party B within one month’s period of time.3)装配所需的主要零件、消耗品及部件由甲方运至广州。如有零部件短少或破损，甲方应负责补充替换。

甲方应于成品交运1个月前开出不可撤销的信用证以支付全部装配费和乙方在广州购买零件、消耗品和部件的费用。

The main parts, consumption articles and components required for assembling will be sent in time to Guangzhou by Party A and if there is any shortage of , or damage to these parts and components , Party A shall be responsible for supplying replacements.Party A shall pay Party B by opening an irrevocable L/C covering the full amount of assembling charges and costs of parts , consumption articles and components purchased in Guangzhou by Party B , one month before the shipment of the finished products concerned.4）一切与本合同有关的进出口手续，均由乙方办理。

乙方将所装配的晶体管收音机运交甲方指定的外国买主。有关运费和保险费由甲方负担。All import and export procedures in connection with this contract shall be taken care of by Party

B.All transistor radios assembled by Party B will be shipped to foreign buyers designated by Party A.The relevant freight and insurance premium shall be borne by Party A.5）晶体管收音机的商标由甲方供给，如有法律纠纷，甲方应负完全责任。

如因装配需要，由乙方在广州购买的零部件必须达到品质标准，并应事先经过甲方核准。The trade marks of transistor radios will be supplied by Party A and should there be any illegal involvement, Party A is to be held fully responsible.All parts and components purchased by Party B in Guangzhou, if necessary for assembling transistor radios, must measure up to the quality standards of, and be approved by Party A beforehand.6）本合同自受聘方到校之日起生效，到聘期届满时失效。如一方要求延长聘期，必须在合同期满前一个月用书面向对方提出，经双方协商同意后另签延聘合同。

This Contract comes into effect on the first day of the engaged party’s arrival at the AA University and ceases to be effective at its expiration.If either party wishes to renew the Contract, the other

party shall be notified in writing one month before it expires.Upon agreement by both parties through consultation, a new contract may be signed between two parties.7）公司为一有限责任公司及在中华人民共和国法律下的法人，公司的所有活动应遵守中华人民共和国颁布的法律、法令及条例，公司的所有合法权益及利益受中华人民共和国的法律管辖及保护。

The Company is a limited liability company and a legal person under the laws of the People’s Republic of China.All the activities of the Company shall comply with the laws, decrees and regulations promulgated by the People’s Republic of China.All the lawful rights and interests of the Company are subject to the jurisdiction and protection of the laws of the People’s Republic of China.8）合营的一方如不履行本合同或公司章程的义务，违约一方得赔偿另一方因此而遭受的经济损失。

在合营期限内，双方都无权单方面宣布撤销或终止本合同。

If either of the Parties fails to fulfil its obligations under this Contract , it shall compensate the other party for all its economic losses resulting therefrom.During the term of operation of the Company, neither Party has the right to announce unilaterally the cancellation or termination of this Contract.9）公司注册资本为9000万美元。由中方在签约后30天内提供土地使用权。外方在2001年3月1日以前提供办公楼、厂房、必须的设备、设备、机器、工具、仪器、工业产权、非专利技术、生产资金、流动资金等。

The registered capital of the Company is USD 90 million.The Chinese Corp provides the right to use land within 30 days after signing the Agreement.The Foreign Co.provides the office building, factory premises, necessary facilities, equipment, machines, tools, instruments, industrial property rights, non-patent technology, production funds, operating funds, etc.before March 1, 2001.10）如因不可抗力事件使公司无法继续营业时，本协议可通过双方协商予以提前终止。如果中方或外方想要把本协议规定的权利和义务进行全部或部分转让，另一方有优先购买权。转让必须得到审批机关的批准。

In case of Force majeure, which makes it impossible for the Company to continue its business, this Agreement may be terminated ahead of schedule through consultation between the two parties.If the Chinese or foreign party wishes to make an assignment of all or part of its rights and obligations prescribed in this Agreement, the other party shall have the preemptive right to purchase the same.The assignment must obtain the approval of the examination and approval authority.11)如果在保证期内发现运交的设备有缺陷，投资人必须按中方的要求，及时适当解决

In case defect of the delivered equipment is found within the warranty period.INVESTOR shall take appropriate action for settlement without delay ,upon SINO`s request

12)在上述情况下，该缺点经鉴定是由于中方操作经验不足，搬运不当或某一物品的消耗所致，则投资人应要求中方支付实际运输费用

In the above instance investor shall request SINO for payment of the actual costs of transportation ,when such defect is judged to be due to inexperienced operation by sino or due to inappropriate handling ,or due to an article of consumption

13)在投资人派遣工程师的任务完成以后，中方如有必要仍可要求投资人继续给以技术支持，但投资人应要求中方为这种增加的合作支付费用，合作的条款由双方将来讨论约定。

Sino shall be able to request for continued technical support from investor , if necessary, even after completion of the above despatchofinvestor`sengineers.however ,in this instance.investor shall be able to request sino for the cost of such additional technological cooperation.terms and conditions shall be subject to mutual discussion and agreement between sino and investor ,in future

14)乙方确认由其所生产的许可证产品必须严格按照甲方所提供的设计，图纸及规格生产，除依第C条第一款规定的修改内容以外，在任何情况下许可证产品均具备与 所生产的产品相同的质量与运动性能。如果乙方未严格依照甲方的设计，图纸及规格生产，则甲方对于乙方的许可证产品不承担任何担保责任。

15）GTT是中方和投资人之间的桥梁GTT应协助中方用展销会，研讨会，技术培训等办法在中国销售产品GTT应在产品品质合格时考虑把这些产品销往欧洲和非洲

1)GTT shall act as a bridge between SINO and INVESTOR

2)GTT shall assist SINO in marketing in china of products finished by SINO by means fo trade show ,seminar ,technical traning program ,ect

3)GTT shall consider marketing finished products to Europe and Africa when the quality turns out to be satisfactory

16）如果初次检验不合格应进行第二次检验，如果第二次检验仍不合格，则投资人赢在2个月内自费调换有关设备如果检验合格，双方应签署检验证明书一式二份，双方各执一份

1)In case initial test is unsatisfactory ,a second test shall be carried out.if the second test is again unsatisfactory ,INVESTOR shall replace the equipment involved atits own cost ,within two months after the second text

2)in case text results are satisfactory ,SINO and INVESTOR shall sign a text certificate in duplicate and each party shall keep one copy

17）本合同的订立，效力，解释，执行及由其引起争议的解决均适用中华人民共和国颁布的法律，法令，和条例规定

The making ,validity ,interpretation and implementation of this contract and the settlement of disputes arising thereform shall shall be governed by laws ,decrees and regulations promulgated by the people`s republic of china

18）受聘方的工作时间每周5天，每天7小时，受聘方按照中国，澳大利亚两国政府规定的节假日放假，寒假按本校校历规定。

The engaged party works five days a week and seven hours a day ,the engaged party have legal holidays as prescribed by both Chinese and Australian governmentthe winter vacation is fixed by the school calenderf

19）聘方每月支付给受聘方工资2000澳元，并按照澳大利亚政府对在澳工作的外籍教师的规定提供各种福利待遇

The engaginfg party pays the engaged party a monthly salary of 2000 australian dollars and provides him with various benefits as prescribed by Australian government for foreign teachers working in Australia

20）受聘方在入境，离境，或过境时，必须遵守澳大利亚政府有关外国人居住，工资福利以及旅行等的法律，规章，并遵守聘方的工作制度。

The engaged party shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Australian government concerning residence ,wages and benefits ,and travel for foreigners when entering ,leaving and passing through the territory of the country ,and shall follow the working system of the engaging party

21）双方均不得无故撤销合同如果聘方要求中途终止合同，除按上述条款承担工资福利待遇外，需给受聘方增发3个月的工资作为补偿金，并于1个月内安排受聘方及其家属回国并承担有关费用

若受聘方中途提出辞职，聘方自同意之日起即停发工资，受聘方不再享受各项福利待遇，受聘方及其家属回国的一切费用均由本人自理

Neither party shall cancel the contract without reasonable causes ,if the engaging party finds it

22）乙方在签约后15天内，为加工设备开出以甲方为受益人的银行承兑信用证，其金额不得少于2220万日元，见票180天付款。这份信用证，只有在乙方收到甲方为芦笋罐头对开的信用证后才能生效，甲方在收到这份信用证后，应及时装运加工设备，提供本协议第七条所需的单证和180天到期的汇票，以便取得他的银行承兑。

Party b shall within 15 days after signing this agreement establish in favour of party a an banker`s acceptance l/c in payment for the equipment ,for an account not less than J 22200000,available by draft at 180 days sight ,the l/c will be effective only after receipt by party b of a satisfactory reciprocal l/c opened by party a for payment of canned asparagns ,after receipt of the l/c ,party a shall effect shipment of the equipment of the equipment in time ,provide the required documents according to article 7 of this agreement together with the draft at 180 days sight ,and obtain its bank`s acceptance

23）乙方将向甲方提供上述货物在香港和日本市场的市级零售价以供甲方参考，乙方无权干涉甲方的销售价，销售场所，和销售办法，但有权提出积极地建议，甲方有责任向乙方提交销售报告（包括零售价）销售过程中出现的问题和为提高销售额而提出的建议，乙方应向甲方提供各种有利于销售（包括免费样品，试销货物，化妆品促销资料，技术交流和有贮存条件等）便利。

Party b will submit to party a the actual retail prices of aforesaid articles in hongkong and Japanese markets for party a`s reference.Party b has no right to interfere with a`s selling

price ,spot and method ,but it has the right to make positive proposals , partya is responsibleto submit party b regular reports on selling situation(covering retail price), problems arising in the course of selling and making proposals to improve sales ,party b should provide party a with various arrangements which are conductive to sales(including samples free of charge ,articles for trial sales ,data for promoting cosmetic sales ,technical exchange and conditions for storage etc.

第四篇：商务合同翻译

• Tranlation of Business Contract

一、商务合同概述

• A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned.• 在由Steven H.Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定义为 “a promise, or a set

of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”

• 合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某种意义上，法律将履行该承诺

看作是一种补偿。综上可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。

• 合同英语属于庄重文体（the frozen style），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。

总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。合同种类

• 正式合同 Contract(P197)

• 协议书 Agreement

• 确议书 Confirmation

• 备忘录 Memorandum

• 订单 Order

• 意向书 Letter of intent

二、商务合同的构成部分

一.约首(the head)

1.合同名称 Title

2.前文（前言）Preamble

1)Date of signing

2)Signing parties

3)Each party’s authority 当事人的合法依据

4）Place of signing

5)Recitalsor WHEREAS clause 定约缘由

二.本文（Body)

① 定义条款（Definition clause)

② 基本条款（Basic conditions)

③ 一般条款（General terms and conditions)

a.合同有效期限（Duration)

b.终止(Termination)

c.不可抗力（Force Majeure)

d.合同的让与（Assignment)

e.仲裁（Arbitration)

f.适用法律（governing law)

g.诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction)

h.通知手续（Notice)

i.合同的修改（Amendment)

j.其他（Others)

三.约尾（the tail)

① 结尾语包括合同的份数、使用的文字和效力等（Concluding sentence)

② 签名（Signature)

③ 盖印（Seal)

三、Features of legal documents

1.common words with unusual meaning

•action诉讼alienation转让 avoid取消 counterpart有同等效力的副本

• Prejudice提案 save除了vacation休庭期间 limitation时效 minor未成年人

• review审查案件，复审 tort侵权

Eg.1.Thank you for your consideration.•No consideration, no contract.合同无对价不成立。

Eg.2.The testator died without issue.立遗嘱人死亡时没有子嗣.•The parties could not agree on the issue.•The passport was issued by the Liverpool office.2.Old English

To make the compound words by adding after, by, in, of, on, to, under, upon, or with after here,there, or where

• Hereafter: in this document and after this point 此后, 以后

• Hereby: in this way or by this letter以此, 特此, 由此

• Thereby: by that 按此, 借此, 从而, 由此

• Therefrom: from that从那里

Whereas Party A is willing to employ Party B and Party B agrees to do as Party A’s engineer in

Beijing, it is hereby agrees as follows.鉴于甲方愿聘请乙方,乙方同意应聘为甲方在北京的工程师,双方协议如下:

In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreement herein contained, the parties agree

as follows.双方考虑到在此提出的契约和协议, 同意如下条款.3.Use the synonymous word with its relevant words

• Terms and conditions 条件 null and void 无效free and clear of 无

•able and willing 能够并愿意any duties, obligations or liabilities所有责任

• applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives,and rules 适用法律法规

•charges, fees, costs and expenses 各种费用any and all 全部

•covenants and agreements 合同，协议customs and usages 惯例

• import duty and tax 进口税捐keep secret and confidential保密

• licenses and permits 许可packing and wrapping expenses 包装费

• rights and interests 权益settle claims and debts 清理债务

• ships and vessels 船只sign and issue 签发

• support and maintenance 维护use and wont习惯，惯例

1）This Agreement made and entered into by and between ABC Co.and XYZ Co.ABC 公司和XYZ公司双方签订本协议。

2）All documents, letters, telegrams and telexes interchanged between both parties before the

signing of the Contract shall become null and void automatically from the date on which the

Contract comes into force.双方在签约前交换的所有文件、书信、电报和电传，应从本合同生效之日开始自动失效。

4.Latinate words

•alibi—不在犯罪现场ad hoc – 专门地de facto---事实上的•bona fide---真诚的alias---别名 versus---对，诉

eg.He established an alibi to the charge of murder.•他提供了谋杀案发生时不在场证明。

•他证实在谋杀案发生时，他不在场。

5.Formal words

• Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions

1）At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist/help Party B to install

the equipment.应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备

2）Party A shall send back/repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to

Beijing.甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费。

Failure to notify Party A shall be deemed to be/ be regarded as a material breach of this

agreement.•未能按上述要求通知甲方的，则视为构成实质违约。

Enclosed is our new Quotation NO.475 in lieu of/in place of the previous one.•随附我公司第475号报价替代前发的报价单。

Prices are subject to change/alteration with or without notice.•不管是否事先通知，价格可随时变动。

宪法优先于其他一切法律

• Constitution is before/ prior to all other laws.• 任何一方不得在不预先通知的情况下终止合同

•Either party shall not terminate /stop the contract without notice in advance.–Terminate, stopcommence, begin

– be deemed to,be regarded asin lieu of, in place of

– prior to, beforewhatsoever, whatever

– accomplish, doadditional, extraacquire, get

– alteration,changeapplication, useassistance, help

注意may、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等词语的法律内涵

• May、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等词的确很常见，但是在合同中这些

词具有特殊的意义，所以翻译起来要极其谨慎，避免引起纠纷。

a.May：在表示合同上的权利（Right）、权限（Power）或特权（Privilege）的场合中

使用。若表示某种权利在法律上具有强制性的时候，更多的是“be entitled”。

b.Shall：在合同中并不是单纯的将来时，一般用它来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务

（Obligation）。如未履行，即视为违约，并构成某种赔偿责任。所以，shall在译文里，通常

表示“应该”或“必须”，当然，也有不翻译的时候。例如：

• The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the ex-importers in

the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides.• 货物的质量和价格必须使进出口双方都能接受。

• The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of

the disputes shall be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China.• 本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。

shall没有译出。

c.Should：在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设，多翻译成“万一”或“如果”，极少译成“应该”。

• The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman.Should the

chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, convene and preside over the

board meeting.• 董事会会议应由董事长召集、主持；若董事长缺席，原则上应由副董事长召集、主

持。

• The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with

the contract by friendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be

referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the

absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement

reached after such dispute occurs.• 双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未

果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议的，可将争议提交有

管辖权的人民法院解决。

d.Will：一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下，也用做表示承担义务的声明，但语气和

强制力比Shall弱。

e.May not（或shall not）：用于禁止性义务，即“不得做什么”。

• 6.Terminology

•cause of action案由defendant 被告appeal 上诉

• damages损失，赔偿金force majeure不可抗力 …

Indemnity n.a promise to protect someone from money lost or goods damaged;赔偿的保证

repayment for this；赔偿金

An insurance contract that promises to pay for the replacement or repair of lost of

damaged goods赔偿物

e.g.to arrange an ~ against loss办理损失赔偿

to demand an ~ for the delayed payment因延期付款要求赔偿

Money demanded by a victorious nation at the end of awar as a condition of peace is an ~.战争结束时，战胜国作为和平条件索取之款项称为“赔款”。

Infringement: violation n.违反；违背；侵犯；侵害

Force majeure: an unexpected and unavoidable event that causes or allows a contract to

be changed or cancelled if it has a force majeure clause.e.g.As a result of force majeure the transaction was not completed.基于不可抗力的因素，交易未能完成。

Arbitration : the settling of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a

court of law.仲裁（通过中立的第三方不通过法庭解决纠纷）

e.g.They decided to settle the dispute by ~.他们决定通过仲裁解决争议。

Translation requirements

•1.Adequate & precise

•Eg.Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and

complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the

contract to the satisfaction of the engineer.•除法律或条件不允许的情况之外，承包方应严格按合同施工和竣工，并改进工作中的任何缺陷，达到工程师满意的程度。

•Party A shall send technicians atParty B’s expense to train Party B’s personnel withindays after signing the Contract.• 甲方应于签约后三十天内派遣技术员培训乙方的人员，有关费用由乙方承担。

•This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with

documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.•本合同的修改补充应有双方授权代表签名盖章的文件，才能进行

•合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律、法令和有关条例规定。

•All the activities of the joint venture, shall comply with the provision of the laws,decrees and pertinent regulations of the Republic of China.• 拘役的期限，为十五日以上六个月以下。

•A term of criminal detention shall not be less than 15 days and no more than 6 months.2、expressiveness & smoothness

•合同文本是一种法律文件，属于庄严性文体。翻译商务合同时还应该把规范通

顺视为另一大原则。所谓“规范”，是指译文必须符合法律语言的特点，尽量体现出

契约文体的特点。而所谓“通顺”，是指译文应当符合汉语的语法要求，使译文清晰

易懂。

• During the period from the date of effectiveness to the termination of the Contract, the

two Parties shall hold a meeting very year to discuss problems arising form the execution

of the Contract.原译：在合同生效之日起到合同终止之日的期间内，双方每年举行一次会议，讨论合同

发行中出现的问题。

• 原文在理解上没有什么特别困难的地方，译文意思也算正确，但只对原文逐字逐句

翻译，显得呆板，改译为：

• 本合同有效期间，双方应每年正式会晤一次，以讨论本合同履行期间存在的问题。

• The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment,six(6)days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed

upon by the Parties.In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than

one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.• 原译：提单的日期应为交货日期的最后证明。双方允许交货比约定的时间早交或迟

交六天。一次订货多于一批装运，那么，每批货应被当作是合同的单独买卖。

• 原译文表达累赘，结构松散，不合乎汉语契约文体的简约风格。改译为：

• 交货日期以提单所载日期为准，双方同意在合同约定的交货期的基础上，允许有前

后六天的装运宽限期。若一次订货分批装运，则每一批货为合同项下的单独 买卖。

• One-third of the total amount shall be paid with the order when the Contract is signed,one third by documentary bill when shipment is effected, and the balance by clean bills

when the goods have arrived.• 合同签订时先预付货款总额的三分之一，装船后凭跟单汇票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在货物抵达时凭光票一次性付清。

• 译文充分利用添加的横线部分充分表明了原条款的三个付款阶段：交货前、交货时、交货后，使得层次清楚，表达通顺。

合同的订立、生效和履行

• 1.This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.•此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。

• 2.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.• 本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。

• 3.本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）自签署后生效

• The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which

shall become valid on the date of signature.• 4.本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。本合同一式两份。自双方签

字（盖章）之日起生效。

• This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which

shall be deemed equally authentic.This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed by

both parties.•5.Unless the terms or context of this contract otherwise provide, all term used in this

Contract shall have the meanings set out in Schedule A hereto.• 除本合同条款或上下文另有所指，本合同中所有相关用语的定义见附录甲。

•6.it has full authority to enter into this Contract and to perform its obligations

hereunder;

• 该方有全权订立本合同以及履行本合同项下义务；

2.Modification

• 7.债务人将合同的义务全部或者部分转接给第三方的，应当经债权人同意。

•If the debtor intends to transfer all or part of his obligations under the contract to a

third party, consent shall be obtained from the creditor.•Where the obligor delegates its obligations under a contract in whole or in part to a

third party, such delegation shall be subject to the consent of the obligee.• 8.债权人转让权利的，应当通知债务人。未经通知，该转让对债务人不发生效力。

•Any transfer of rights by a creditor shall be notified to the debtor.The transfer

shall not bind the debtor without such notification.•Where the obligee assigns its rights, it shall notify the obligor.Such assignment will

have no effect on the obligor without notice thereof.3.Termination of contracts

• 9.This Contract may be terminated at any time prior to expiration of the Term by the

mutual written contract of the Parties.• 本合同期限届满之前，双方可通过书面协议随时终止本合同。

• 10.This Contract shall terminate upon the expiration of the Term unless extended

pursuant to Article.(Term).• 本合同于合同到期日终止，除非双方按照第[]条（合同期限的续展）的规定续约。

• 11.当事人可以约定一方解除合同的条件。解除合同的条件成就时，解除权人可以

解除合同。

•The parties may agree upon conditions under which either party may terminate the

contract.Upon satisfaction of the conditions, the party who has the right to terminate

may terminate the contract.• 12.Termination of this Agreement for any reason shall be without prejudice to any

right of action vested in either Party at the date of termination.• 本协议无论因何原因终止，不得损害任何一方在终止协议时的任何的行动权利。

• 13.合同的权利义务终止，不影响合同中结算和清理条款的效力。

• The termination of rights and obligations under a contact shall not affect the validity of

clauses that related to the final settlement of accounts and winding-up.4.Liability for Breach of Contract

• 14.当事人双方都违反合同的，应当各自承担相应的责任。

• If both parties breach a contract, each party shall bear its own respective liabilities.• 15.If a party fails to perform its obligations under a contract, or its performance fails to

satisfy the terms of the contract, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract such as to continue to perform its obligations, to take remedial measures, or to compensate for losses.• 当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的，应当承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任。

• 5.Applicable law and dispute resolution

• 16.Where other laws provide otherwise in respect of a contract, such provisions shall

prevail.• 其他法律对合同另有规定的，依照其规定。

• 17.本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。

• The formation, validity, interpretation and execution in respect of this contract shall be

governed by the relevant laws of the People's Republic of China.• 18.仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。

•The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.

第五篇：商务信函翻译

Business Interpretation

Thanks 致谢

尽量避免用big words, 用commonly used words and phrases

拜访 call on/at visit, drop in(顺便）

写信致谢 write sb.…my thanks

及时（收到）duely on/in(due)time

相差十万八千里 we’re worlds apart

欢迎某人到某地 welcome adj.一般不用被动态（对某一举动表示欢迎）

随时欢迎 always at any time

深深感谢 a car-load appreciation

感谢be grateful

向您预致谢意，盼望早日得到满意的答复。

Thank you in anticipation/advance.Looking forward to your favorable reply.I would be grateful if my application could be taken into favorable

consideration.(优先考虑）

Your favorable consideration of my application would be greatly appreciated.如蒙即复，不胜感谢。

A prompt reply will be greatly appreciated.如蒙及时报价，不胜感激。

Your timely quotation will be greatly appreciated./We would be very gracious if you could quote timely/promptly.恭候佳音

Your favorable/early reply will be appreciated./ We would appreciate it if you could…

承蒙对鄙公司及产品之关心，特表感谢之意。

Your interest in our company and products is greatly appreciated.请随函附上贵方的价格单和一切必要的说明。

Please enclose your price list and all the necessary illustrations.请告大批订货的折扣。

Please inform us of the discount for a large order.请速寄备有存货的中等品质棉花样品和价格单，不胜感激。

We would appreciate your sending us immediately samples and sheet of your medium-quality cotton available from stock.请告贵方产品的规格细目。

Would you please let us have the particulars(and specifications)of your products?

敬请注意，我方客户急需合同货物。

(We)wish to draw your attention to the fact that our clients/customers are in urgent need of the contracted goods.请寄贵公司产品图解目录一份为荷。

It would be appreciated if you could send us an illustrated catalog of your products.According to the request in your letter, we are sending you a catalogue of our products.根据贵方来函要求，现寄上本公司产品目录一份。

We are pleased to inform you that goods have been dispatched today.货物今日业已启运，特此告知。

We hope to have the pleasure of serving you soon.希望能早日为贵方效劳。

In reply to your inquiry of 10th May, we are pleased to offer you the following.回复贵方5月10日报价，特报盘如下。

请即复，不胜感激。

Your prompt reply will be highly/greatly appreciated.恳请贵方从速办理本订单。

You’re kindly requested/asked to pay prompt attention to/deal with/handle this order promptly.请说服贵方客户接受我方销售条件，我们已与贵地其他客户按此条件做成了相当多的交易。We should be grateful if you could persuade your clients to accept our sales terms on which we have already concluded considerable businesses with clients at your end.请将货样及产品小册子一并寄来。

Please kindly send us samples and products packet/catalogue/pamphlet.建立贸易关系

我来这里是要和你们建立贸易关系。

I am here to establish trade relations with you.与贵方建立贸易关系是我们多年来的愿望。

It is our long-standing hope/wish to establish/that we might …/The

establishment of …is what we have hoped for years.我们写这封信是为了要和贵方建立业务关系。

We are writing to you in order to establish/ in the hope of establishing… 我们愿在平等互利、互通有无的基础上与贵公司建立业务联系。

On the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchanging one has for what one needs,…

如贵公司有意与我方建立该商品的业务往来，请提出具体要求。

If you are interested in establishing/setting up …in this line, please let us know your specific requirements.本公司经营此项业务已有多年。

We have been in this line of business for many years.兹向您自我介绍，敝公司系国营单位，以经营轻工产品为主。

We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a state-run/state-owned/state-operated corporation dealing exclusively in light industry products.本公司致力于与各国和各地区的贸易和金融界的贸易往来。

We aim to/are active in /are specialized in trade and finance circles of different countries and regions/districts.本公司产品的出口是我省创汇的主要渠道之一。

The export of our goods contributes one of the major sources of /channels of making foreign exchanges in our province.我公司开业于1935年，因此对我们所经营的业务有着广泛的经验。

We have been in business since 1935 and therefore have wide experience in all the lines we handle/deal with.询盘和报盘

感谢贵方七月五日的询盘，另封寄上我方价格单和皮鞋样品。

We thank you for your inquiry of July 5 and are sending you, under separate cover, a sample of our leather shoes together with our price list.本公司各种电器一应俱全。

Our company can offer a full line of electric appliances.现另封寄上我方价格单，望能使贵方感兴趣。

We are now pleased to send you, under separate cover, our price list which we hope might be of interest to you/ might interest you.报价时请说明可供数量及最早交货期。

When you make offer/quotation, please indicate/specify the quantity available as well as your earliest time of delivery.感谢贵方六月七日的询价，现寄上带有插图的目录及价格明显单，对贵方询问的细节进行答复。

…we are sending you our illustrated catalogue and price list giving the details you asked for.这是我方最新型电脑的销售说明书。

Sales specifications/brochure/pamphlet

Sales literature(商品较大时）

of our latest model

我们想了解一下贵方在这方面的供货能力和销售条件。

We would like to know what you can offer in this line as well as your terms of sales.兹寄上我方形式发票第12号，按贵方要求一式三份。

We are pleased to send you herewith our Proforma Invoice No.12 in triplicate as requested.形式发票指的是对外贸易业务中卖方开给买方的假定发票，供进口商品以申请进口证或外汇。

因急需这些零配件，希望贵方见信后立即将形式发票寄来。

As the parts and accessories are urgently needed, we wish to receive your proforma invoice by return.应贵方之请求，今寄上我方报价单一式三份，并望能尽快收到贵方(长期）订单。

As requested, we are sending our quotation sheet in triplicate, and wish you would place your(long-term)order with us as soon as possible.这是我方报价单，请你方过目。

This is our inquiry(sheet)for your check/consideration.我方报价是经精确计算而且相当合适的。由于产品质量优异，在欧洲市场上十分畅销，我们已按此价格与其他客户做成了可观的生意。

The prices we quoted/our quotations are closely calculated and considerably moderate.Since these articles are best-selling in European markets thanks to their superior quality, considerable business/deal has been done with other customers at these prices.本报盘以你方本月底前接受为条件。

This offer is subject to your acceptance before the end of this month.我们现报盘如下，以你方答复九月五日（含九月五日）前到达为条件。

We are making you the following offer, subject to your reply reaching here on or before Sept.5th.本报盘有效期五天。

This offer holds good/ remains firm/open/valid for 5 days.在实盘情况下，我们通常保留有效期三天。

In case of firm offers, we usually keep our offers open for 3 days.以上报盘为虚盘（无约束力），所有订货将以我方书面接受为准。

The above offer is made without engagement(non-firm offer), and all orders will be subject to our written acceptance.他们就下列货品向我们报了虚盘。

They have made us a non-firm offer of the following items.订购、付款、交货

We are too heavily committed to be able to entertain fresh orders.我方承约太多，不能接受新的订单。

You are kindly requested to take into consideration when quoting the price that we may place regular orders for large quantities.贵方报盘时请考虑我们长期大量订货的可能性。

If you can place regular orders with us, we shall be willing to cut down our price.贵方若能长期订货，我们愿意降价。

Your order is receiving our immediate attention and you can depend on us to effect delivery well within your time limit.贵方订单正在及时处理中，请相信我们将在贵方时限内发运此货。

我方起订的数量是10吨，我们只接受10吨或以上的订单。

The minimum amount/quantity of an order for our goods is 10 tons.We accept orders only for quantities of 10 tons and up.由于你方没能如期交货，我们不能再接受你方货物，特此取消订单。

Due to your delay in delivery, we are no longer in the position to accept your goods.We hereby cancel our order.All business is to be transacted against confirmed and irrevocable letters of credit.所有交易都应采用保兑的不可撤销的信用证支付。

Payment is to be made by confirmed irrevocable letter of credit to be opened in our favour.我方要求以保兑的不可撤销的以我方为抬头的信用证付款。

因急需此货，我方确定七月底为交货截止日期。

As we need the goods urgently/the goods are urgently needed, we will set the end of July as deadline for delivery.由于一般公认的“不可抗力”原因而导致的迟交货或不能交货，卖方将不负任何责任。The seller will not be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery of goods owing to generally recognized Force Majeure.我们通常用结实的新木箱作外包装。这种包装能防湿、防潮、防锈、不怕震动并经得起粗暴搬运。

We usually use new strong wooden cases for outer packing.Such packing can be well protected against dampness, moister, rust, and is able to stand shock and rough handling.Thank you for your attention and cooperation!

Wish you great success in life and career!