第一篇:汕头市2011-2012学年度普通高中新课程教学质量统一检测高二级语文试题答案和评分细则
汕头市2011-2012学年度普通高中新课程教学质量统一检测
高二级语文试题(参考答案)
1.B【A.折线(zhé)/折磨(zhé)边塞(sài)/搪塞(sè)挑选(tiāo)/挑灯夜战(tiǎo)
B.漂白(piǎo)/漂泊(piāo)强横(hèng)/倔强(jiàng)擂台(lèi)/自吹自擂(léi
C.倩影(qiàn)/靓妆(jìng)缟素(gǎo)/枯槁(gǎo)训诂(gǔ)/沽(gū)名钓誉
D.调(diào)查/倜(tì)傥匍(pú)匐/铺(pū)垫分娩(miǎn)/冠冕(miǎn)堂皇】
2.B【A望其项背:能够望见别人的颈项和背脊,表示差距不大,表示赶得上或比得上(多用于否定式 B管:笔;齐:同时.双手执笔同时作画.比喻为达到某个目的同时采取两种措施或同时做两件事情.C出神入化:形容技艺达到高超绝妙的境界。D汗牛充栋:书运输时牛累得出汗,存放时可堆至屋顶,形容藏书很多】
3.A【B应为“我对虫子并不陌生”,主客颠倒;C项句式杂糅,应该去掉“由……造成的”。D语序不当,“我”应该放在“虽然”之后】
4.D 【③为观点,①以“因为”连接③,⑤②④以“日月” “自由”连在一起】)
5.D【责:指责】
6.C【A.他,代词; B.因为,介词; C.与,连词到,介词;D.相当于“之”,代词】
7.B【②③是侧面描写】
8.A 【“对品行不端的胶西王刘贺多方规劝”一句应为“对品行不端的昌邑王刘贺多方规劝”】
9.(1)今大王亲近群小∕渐渍邪恶所习∕存亡之机∕不可不慎也∕臣请选郎通经术有行义 者与王起居∕坐则通《诗》《书》∕立则习礼容∕宜有益
(错一处扣0.5分,扣完4分为止)
(2)①龚遂进去拜见昌邑王,哭泣着用膝盖爬行,左右侍从们见此情景都禁不住流下眼泪。(得分点:膝:用膝盖,1分;涕:流泪,1分; 句子大意1分)
②今天却不能辞去;如果假装疯狂又恐怕被知道,落个身死而被世人耻笑的下场。我 该怎么办啊?
(得分点:阳狂:假装疯狂,1分;奈何:怎么办?1分;句子大意1分)
【参考译文】
龚遂字少卿,山阳郡南平阳县人。凭借明经做官,官至昌邑王的郎中令,侍奉国王刘贺。刘贺行为举止大多不合正道,龚遂为人忠厚,刚毅有节操,在内向国王进谏,在外指责昌邑王太傅与相,引经据义,痛陈祸福,以至于涕泣。直言相谏没有丝毫懈怠。当面指责国王的过错,以至昌邑王掩耳起身离开,说“郎中令太会羞辱人了”,以至国中人都害怕畏忌他。
昌邑王曾经长期与驾车马的奴仆和炊事人员一起饮酒作乐,随意赏赐,没有节度,龚遂进去拜见昌邑王,哭泣着用膝盖爬行,左右侍从们见此情景都禁不住流下眼泪。昌邑王说:“郎中令为什么哭 ?”龚遂说:“我为社稷危亡而痛惜!希望给我机会诉说我的看法。” 昌邑王让手下人回避,龚遂说:“大王知道胶西王做无道之事而灭亡的原因吗?”昌邑王说:“不知道。”龚遂说:“我听说胶西王有个谀臣叫侯得,胶西王的所作所为与桀纣一样,而侯得却认为可以与尧舜相比。胶西王很喜欢他的谄谀之辞,曾经与他起居一处,只听侯得的1话,以至于落得身败名裂的下场。如今大王亲近众小人,沾染上各种恶习,这是存亡的关键所在,您不可以不谨慎啊。请允许我选择一些通经术有品行的侍从郎官与您共处,平时起居多诵读《诗》《书》,熟悉礼仪,应该大有益处。”昌邑王答应了。龚遂就选举郎中张安等十人侍奉国王起居。过了一段时间,昌邑王把张安等人全都赶走了。
.后来赶上昭帝驾崩,因为没有子嗣,昌邑王刘贺承嗣即位,他原先的官属都被征召入京。原王相安乐升迁为长乐卫尉。龚遂拜见安乐,流着泪对安乐说:“大王即位为天子,一天比一天骄奢淫逸,提意见他也不再听得进了。如今丧期还未完,每天与宠臣们饮食作乐,斗虎豹,驾着虎皮车,举着九旒旗,驰驱于道,所作所为不合礼法。古代官制比较宽容,大臣可以辞官隐退,而今天却不能辞去;如果假装疯狂又恐怕被知道,落个身死而被世人耻笑的下场。我该怎么办啊?您是陛下原先的相国,理应极力劝谏。”
昌邑王即位二十七天,最终因淫乱而被废黜。原昌邑群臣因犯让大王陷于恶行不道之
罪,都被处死,只有龚遂与中尉王阳因多次正言直谏而得以免去死刑。
--------皇上因为龚遂年老,授予水衡都尉,皇上非常器重他,龚遂在官任上寿终。
10.(1)全诗叙事中抒情写景,以问答方式渲染气氛,让人回味无穷。它的感人,在于诗人心胸坦荡,思想开朗,对生活充满信心,对前途有展望,对朋友充满热情。因此他能对一位不期而遇的失意朋友充分理解,深表同情,体贴入微而又积极勉励。
(答出诗人胸怀得1分,对朋友的勉励得2分。)
(2)诗人自为问答,诙谐打趣,大意是说冯著来长安是为采铜铸钱以谋发财的,但只得到一片荆棘,还得买斧斫除,显然是为了以轻快的情绪冲淡友人的不快。“采山”句是俏皮话,打趣语,其寓意即谓谋仕不遇,心中不快。
(答出语言特点得2分,分析得2分。)
11.(1)溯洄从之道阻且长(2)水击三千里抟扶摇而上者九万里
(3)人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺(4)今其智乃反不能及其可怪也欤
12.BE 【B符合第四段中所提到的“政治民主是历史潮流,不断走向民主是世界各国的必然
趋势”和“如何以最小的政治和社会代价,取得最大的民主效益,需要政治家和民众的智慧”。
E符合第五段所提到的“民主既然是人民的统治,就应当尊重人民自己的自愿选择。”
和“无论是国内专制还是国际专制,都与民主的本质背道而驰”。
A 第二段中说的是民主“不能取代其他制度去规范人类的全部生活„„不可能解决
人类的所有问题。” C 第三段说的是“从根本上说,这不是民主本身的过错,而是政治家或政客的过错。”D 第五段中提到“任何人和任何政治组织,都无权以民主的化身自居,在民主的名义下去强迫人民做什么和不做什么。”】
13.C 【原文是“民主需要启蒙,需要法治,需要权威,也需要暴力来维护正常的秩序”。可见,该句说的是实现民主的必须条件,不是民主的负面效应】
14.民主是一种保障主权在民的政治制度,保证基本人权,提供平等的机会,是人类的基本价值。民主不仅是解决人们生计的手段,更是人类发展的目标;不仅是实现其他目标的工具,更契合人类自身固有的本性。
(每一要点0.5分,8个要点合共4分)
15.①需要具备相应的经济、文化和政治条件,②需要精心的制度设计和高超的政治技巧。③需要启蒙、法治、权威,④也需要暴力来维护正常的秩序。⑤推行民主的基本手段应当是人民的同意。⑥要充分吸取人类政治文明的一切优秀成果,不照搬他国的政治模式。⑦密切结合本国的历史文化传统和社会现实条件。
(答对其中4点则可,每一点1分,共4分)
16.(1)交替运用第二和第三人称(1分)。(2)便于与父亲直接直接对话(1分),便于抒发感情(1分),有助于表现主题(1分)。
17.(1)父亲去世后,他的五个儿女一直在怀念他(1分),就像他在世时祈盼他回家一样(1分)。
(2)因为对父亲的记忆几乎是空的(或:对父亲几乎没有一点共同的记忆)(1分),五个儿女各自构想出一个父亲(1分),以自己的方式怀念这个自己创造的父亲(1分)。
18.物质价值:
(1)给儿女提供生活保障。
父亲去世之后,作者的生活失去了保障,剩下的只是艰难的生存。
精神价值:
(2)向儿女展示人生的全部历程,用自己的经验指引儿女的人生之路。
作者认为“在一个家里,儿子守着父亲老去,就像父亲看着儿子长大成人。”父亲是儿女人生的趟路者和见证者。
(3)呵护儿女健全成长。
因为失去父亲的呵护,作者身心的一部分永远地长不大了。
情感价值:
(4)是儿女情感的依靠和寄托。
父亲去世后,他的五个儿女在情感上留下了巨大的空白和创痛,他们对父亲的思念从未停止。
(5)给儿女天伦之乐。
父亲在我幼年时教我说话,逗我玩,让我骑在他的脖子上,在院子里走。让作者享受到天伦之乐。
【评分标准】以上五点答出任一点2分,其中概括价值1分,联系文本分析1分;答出两点4分,答出3点6分。
19.交代乔布斯的特殊身世和家庭关系(2分),为下文写乔布斯的控制欲及苹果公司的封闭性做铺垫(2分)。
20.因为乔布斯并没有致力于不断向外扩张,成为计算机界的老大(2分);他历来主张构建自成一体的“宇宙”,他致力于在他封闭的“小王国”中严格控制他的产品,追求产品自身的完美(3分)。
21.(1)赞同乔布斯的主张和做法。(1分)
人类物质文明诚然需要人类的合力不断推陈出新,但这需要每个个体专注于自己的事业作为基础和前提;(1分)“不朽”是难以达到的,但对它的不懈追求会使“工具”更接近完美。(1分)
乔布斯“构建自成一体的‘宇宙’”的主张和制造“不朽的工具”的做法正体现了潜心研究、精益求精,不断超越的精神。(1分)小到插槽和端口、螺钉,他都进行精心的设计;因为担心苹果软件在其他公司蹩脚的硬件设备上运行,以及那些未经批准的程序或内容出现在苹果设备上,玷污了苹果的完美,他将硬件、软件和内容整合为统一的苹果体系。事实证明,苹果问世以来为世界贡献了许多臻于完美的伟大产品。(结合文本分析2分)
(2)质疑乔布斯的主张和做法。
从人类发展史看,人类物质文明是在人类的合力作用下不断推陈出新的,“工具”也是如此。(1分)所以,开放包容的态度和合作精神最关键。(1分)
乔布斯“构建自成一体的‘宇宙’”的主张和制造“不朽的工具”的做法实际是狭隘封闭的表现。(1分)乔布斯对苹果公司实行高度的封闭和严格的技术保密,强制性地控制苹果产品,把产品绝对地分为两种——“极其伟大”和“垃圾”,属下要么是“天才”,要么是“白痴”。从长远看,这样的做法难于永远立于不败之地,也不利于更有效地推动人类物质文明的发展。(结合文本分析2分)
22.(1)“小学增设繁体字教育”引发社会热议(2分,“小学增设繁体字教育”1分,“引发社会热议”1分)
(2)答案示例一:小学生学习繁体字是历史的倒退(1分)。当初简化文字,倡导写简化字就是为了提高书写效率(1分),使汉字学习、掌握更加容易(1分),现在重提小学开始学习繁体字会使汉字的发展“开倒车”,是一种逆时代潮流而动的行为(1分)。
答案示例二:小学增设繁体字教育有助于传播中华民族文化(1分)。繁体字是我们中华民族最正宗的文字,是老祖宗给我们留下的一笔宝贵财富(1分),学习繁体字可以让大家从小知晓我们中华民族文化的由来(1分),进而促进对传统文化的继承和光大(1分)。
23.答案参考:今天是九月初九重阳节,我们民间传统在这一天有登高、赏菊、喝菊花酒、吃重阳糕、插茱萸等习俗。(1分)正如王维诗句里所说的“遥知兄弟登高处,遍插茱萸少一人”。(1分)此时正值金秋九月,秋高气爽,这个季节登高望远,观赏菊花,可达到心旷神怡、健身祛病的效果。(2分)九九重阳,与“久久”同音,有长久长寿的含义。(1分)祝阿伯阿姨们今天登了山身份健壮,健康长寿,一年比一年年轻有活力。(1分)(这段话必须包含重阳节的习俗,登高的意义,对老人们的祝愿,如果能加上重阳节的来历、诗句、九九的谐音更好,衔接自然、语意连贯均可酌情给高分。)
六、作文
24.阅读下面材料,按要求作文
耐心是一株很苦的植物,但果实却十分甜美。有人认为耐心是苦的,为了结果必须忍受;有人很有耐心地去做一件事情,并享受这一过程。耐心可以是一种处事态度,也可以是一种为人性格;有的人没有耐心,有的人又是漫不经心;有些事情虽然看似无聊繁琐,却必须具备耐心才能完成……
对此你有怎样的感受和思考?联系生活体验与认识,以“耐心”为题目,写一篇文章,自定文体(诗歌除外),不少于800字(含标点符号)。
评分标准:参考2012广东省高考作文评分标准(略)
第二篇:汕头市2012~2013学普通高中教学质量监测高二级政治参考答案(模版)
汕头市2012~2013学普通高中教学质量监测高二级政治
参考答案和评分标准
1.D2.C3.B4.D5.C6.C7.B8.D9.B10.D
11.B12.D13.B14.D15.A16.A17.B18.C19.A20.A
21. ①中华民族精神是维系各族人民共同生活的精神纽带,支撑中华民族生存、发展的精神支柱,推动中华民族走向繁荣、强大的精神动力,是中华民族之魂。(4分)②弘扬中华民族精神,是提高全民族的综合素质,增强我国的国际竞争力,坚持社会主义道路的需要。(3分)③民族精神必须注入时代精神,才能日益丰富。(2分)
22. ①参与社会主义精神文明创建活动,积极响应“光盘”文化行动,培育文明风尚。(2+1=3分)②树立社会主义荣辱观,树立节约光荣、浪费可耻的思想观念。(2+1=3分)③提高思想道德修养与科学文化修养,培养节约食物的修养,从现在做起、从点滴做起。(3分)
23.①矛盾具有同一性和斗争性。保持社会和谐稳定,积极处理存在问题,是推动农村社会建设取得成效的动力。(2+1=3分)
②矛盾具有特殊性和普遍性。农村的各种问题,都要按照其具体特点逐一解决好,回避矛盾,只能使管理工作的难度越来越大。(2+1=3分)③坚持两点论与重点论的统一。既要全面应对各种存在问题,又要抓住重点,才能把农村社会管理工作做好。(2+1=3分)④坚持具体问题具体分析。我国农村有特殊的具体实际,必须采取针对性强的措施,才能做好农村社会建设工作。(2+1=3分)
24. ①社会存在决定社会意识,社会意识对社会存在具有反作用。伴随我国经济社会的变化,必须解放思想,深化重要领域改革。(2+1=3分)②经济基础决定上层建筑,上层建筑对经济基础具有反作用。机构改革适应经济基础的要求,必将推动经济进一步发展。(2+1=3分)③人民群众是历史的创造者,要坚持群众观点和群众路线。进行机构改革必须建设人民满意的服务型政府。(1+2+1=4分)
第三篇:广东省汕头市2014-2015学年高二下学期普通高中教学质量检测英语试题.
汕头市2014-2015学高二教学质量监测试题
英语
注意事项:
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中,选出最佳选项 并在题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Donald had his own difficulties in sleeping that night.Not just because of the bright lights of the shelter or people’s constant voices, it was the happening repeatedly nightmare that caused him to stay awake, to fear sleep.Donald was back in his small house.He did his best to ignore the howling winds outside his window.Yet he could not turn out the fearful whimpers(呜咽)of his little dog, or the uncomfortable sounds of his mother anxious in her room next door, unable to sleep through the storm despite her insistence they would be all right.Donald did not want his mother to be upset, but on some level, he was glad to hear she was awake.It meant he was not alone in the dark.Though he was 12, until recently it was impossible for Donald to fall asleep unless his mother lay down by his side.Suddenly there was a crash.Their living room window was shattered(打碎)by 125 miles an hour winds.Troy rushed to Donald and sat anxiously on the edge of his bed.He did his best to calm his mother, and she had to comfort him.Soon water was seeping(渗入)into the single floor house.Quickly it rose from ankle level to leg level.At Donald’s insistence, they pushed their way through the water---now chest high---toward the front door.When they fought their way into the living room, water rose to their chins.It was a struggle for the boy and the mother to stay afloat.In a total panic, desperate to hold on to something, Troy caught a curtain rod.She was breathing hard, shouting that she couldn’t swim.cried out, “Mom!Hold on!” Just then Donald also caught a floatable wood board.1.The passage is mainly about.A.how a storm happened and caused damage B.how a mother and son experienced a storm C.how a mother and son survived a storm D.how a son helped his mother in a storm 2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the story? A.The rising water.C.The lucky dog.B.The broken window.D.The noisy environment.3.What will the author most probably talk about next? A.How the other people struggled in the storm B.Why the rainstorm happened C.What damage the rainstorm caused D.How Donald and Troy struggled to save themselves
B Sydney—A shark savaged a schoolboy’s leg while he was surfing with his father at a beach in Sydney on February 23.It was the third shark attack along the coast of Australia’s largest city in a month.The 15-year-old boy and his father were in the water off Avalon, on Sydney’s northern beaches, around dawn when he was attacked.The city’s beaches are packed with locals and tourists during the summer months.“The father heard a scream and turned to see his son thrashing(激烈扭动)about in the water,” police said.“Fortunately, the shark swam away and the boy was helped to the shore by his father.”
Lifesaving Club spokesman Nick Miller said, “It got him around the top of his left leg and the father came and dragged him out of water.” He said the boy was bleeding heavily when he was brought to the shore.“There was a lot of pain, as you can imagine.” The teenager was airlifted to hospital for treatment for leg injuries.Police said the bites “cut through to the bone”, but the boy did not appear
to have sustained any fractures(骨折).He was in a stable condition now.Several beaches were closed after the attack.Water police and lifeguards were searching for the shark, while police hoped to identify its species by the shape of the bite marks.But they said it was too early to say what type of shark attacked the boy.“I don’t even know if he saw it,” Miller said.Many shark species live in the waters off Sydney’s beaches, but attacks on humans are still relatively rare.However, there were two attacks on successive days earlier this month, one on a navy diver in Sydney harbor, not far from the famous Opera House, and the other on a surfer at the city’s world-famous Bondi beach.Fishermen say shark numbers are on the rise.There is a ban on commercial fishing in the harbor, which has increased fish stocks.Marine experts also claim environmental protection has created a cleaner environment, attracting sharks closer to the shore as they chase fish.Many shark species are protected in Australian waters.4.The report mainly tells us ________.A.shark attacks on humans are on the rise B.sharks attacked humans three times in one month C.a boy was attacked by a shark at a Sydney beach D.shark numbers are increasing in the waters off Sydney’s beaches 5.What do we know about the city of Sydney from the passage? A.It is one of the largest cities in Australia.B.Sydney harbor is not far from the famous Opera House.C.There are many locals and tourists on its coast all the year round.D.There are few shark species in the waters off Sydney’s beaches.6.About the injury of the boy we know that________.A.he was losing much blood when he was dragged out B.he was very nervous when he was sent to hospital C.he may be in danger of losing his leg D.he was injured in the right leg 7.All the following are the causes of Australia’s sharks’ increasing except that___..environmental protection has created a cleaner environment B.a ban on commercial fishing has increased fish numbers C.many shark species are protected in Australian waters D.the film Jaws has made the Great White famous
C Eat nuts, live longer.Researchers have found that those who eat a handful of peanuts every day significantly decrease their risk of dying from all causes compared to those who do not eat nuts.A new study concludes that all types of nuts seem to be protective.Researcher Ying Bao is with the Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.She and her colleagues looked at the impact of nut consumption by analyzing two huge studies that began in 1980----the Nurses’ Health Study, which tracks the well-being of more than 76,000 women, and 42,000 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.Among the questions asked at the beginning of the studies was, “how frequently do you eat nuts?”The information was updated every two to four years.Bao says the participants were followed for three decades.“What we observed is that people who eat more nuts are less likely to die over the next 30 years,” said Bao.“So, for example, if a person eats nuts once per day, that person has a 20 percent lower risk of dying.”
Bao says eating a handful of nuts five or more times per week is associated with a 29 percent reduced risk of dying from heart disease and an 11 percent lower risk of cancer death.A serving size is 28 grams.Nuts contain nutrients, including high quality proteins, vitamins and minerals, all of which have anti-cancer effects and may help protect the heart.Bao says researchers are planning studies to find out how nuts are beneficial to human health.The study on the health benefits of nuts was funded by the International Tree Nut Council Research and Education Foundation.8.People who often eat nuts ________.are more likely to live longer than people who often eat fruits B.don’t need to go to hospital
C.may live longer than people who don’t eat nuts D.don’t have to do sports
9.The underlined word “well-being” in Paragraph 2 shares the same meaning as “________”.A.illness
B.health
C.diet
D.habit 10.About Bao’s research, which statement is true? A.She has done the research by herself.B.Her research was based on two studies.C.Her research lasted about three years.D.People should eat all kinds of nuts every day.11.The passage is most probably from a journal of ___________.A.entertainment
B.diet
D Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant(抑制药), damaging eyesight, judgment and co-ordination(协调), slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving link, driving will be affected.Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption(吸收)rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is: ● 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood;or ● 22 micrograms of alcohol per 100ml of breath;or
.sports D.science ● 67 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of urine(尿液).Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving-offence points;or temporarily banned from driving.The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens(样本)for breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse.Drink driving is a criminal offence.Be a responsible driver, think before you drink.For the safety of yourself and other road users, never drive after consuming alcohol.12.The first paragraph is mainly about ________.A.the introduction of driving skills C.the effect of drinking on driving absorbed 13.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.A.alcohol B.absorption
C.blood
D.process
B.the damage of drinking to your body D.the process of alcohol being 14.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving.B.Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.C.Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.D.50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink limit.15.A driver suspected of drink driving ________.A.should provide specimens for testing B.will be forbidden to drive for 3 years C.will be punished for 10 driving-offence points D.should pay a maximum fine of HK $25,000 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10 分)
据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Socialization is a big thing for college students and it is common to feel a little uncomfortable going into a situation where everyone is a stranger.You may probably miss your friends from high school.16 College is a great opportunity to make new lifelong friends.The question is: how? ※ Get to know your roommate.You may find you have lots of things in common with your roommate, but even if you are completely different from each other, with a little effort and understanding the two of you may become best friends.※ 17 If you leave your door open, this shows that you welcome visitors.As a result people will naturally stop in and say hello.Closed doors are not likely to bring many visitors and those who stay locked up in their rooms may give others the impression of being cold.Other students will be less likely to stop in and build a new friendship.※ Join clubs or organizations.Getting involved in organized socialization is a great way to meet new people.18 By staying active in college groups such as clubs and organizations you can meet lots o people with whom you share common interest.※ Talk to classmates.19 Starting conversations in class is a great opportunity to meet people who are interested in the same kind of studies as you are.Short friendly discussions can build lifelong friendship.※ Try out for a sport.If you’re athletic, trying out for a sport will do for you the same thing that joining a club will do.20 A.Close the door to keep away from theft.Hang a welcome sign on your dorm room.C.It also helps you get more familiar with the campus.D.Your roommate is the first person you will have close contact with.E.You will instantly meet a large group of people who share your interests in sports.F.Get to know your classmates as you’ll be spending several months with them.G.Trying actively to find new friends can help ease the feelings of being lonely.第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入
空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The day I was given the news was a cold Saturday.My mom sat me on the floor and opened her mouth to give me the most 21 words I'd ever heard: “Grandma Billie has been 22 with cancer.” Tears filled my eyes 23.Mom continued, “Grandma is old and her body is too 24.There’s nothing they can do to treat her.” I knew this wasn't my mom’s fault but I was so 25.I was almost yelling at my mom, “So, they’re just going to let her 26 ?”
We had to just wait for her to die.I couldn't even 27 the thought.We went to the hospital right away.The doctor said, “Billie has a tumor in her 28.She won't be able to 29 because it hurts her too much.One 30 is a feeding tube, but there are times when it will be uncomfortable.” At the end, the doctor sighed, “With a feeding tube, she would probably have three 31 at most.”
My whole family on my mom’s side was really 32 and they were all looking to God to make this easy.I couldn't handle it.If God was so wonderful and so 33 then why did he allow all these awful things to happen to good people? Why was he letting my grandma die? I came and visited every day after 34 practice.Grandma would tell me the 35 stories over and over again, but every time I was just as surprised and excited to hear them.She was getting 36 really fast and every time I came to see her it broke my 37 more.weeks later, after the softball practice, I was getting ready to see grandma when mom appeared in the locker room.She opened her mouth but 38 any words came out.She 39 again, “You can’t go to see grandma today because she just died.” Silence.I couldn’t 40 anyone else in the room.Mom sat next to me and we both held each other and cried.21.A.unforgettable uncomfortable 22.A.cured
B.carried
C.diagnosed
D.treated
B.regretful
C.painful
D.23.A.finally 24.A.weak 25.A.sad 26.A.pass 27.A.bear 28.A.skin 29.A.feed
B.immediately C.deliberately
C.pale C.desperate C.go C.take
D.apparently B.small D.thin D.anxious D.die B.mad
B.suffer B.hate
D.dismiss
D.lung D.digest
D.reason
B.breast B.eat B.goal
C.throat C.breathe C.advantage C.days 30.A.choice 31.A.years
B.months B.religious B.peaceful B.school B.strange B.older
D.hours
D.cautious 32.A.ambitious 33.A.delightful 34.A.softball 35.A.short
C.mysterious
C.pitiful D.powerful
D.music
C.social C.dull
D.same
D.worse 36.A.happier 37.A.body
C.better
B.mind C.life D.heart
D.merely 38.A.eventually 39.A.tried 40.A.see
B.repeatedly B.said B.sense
C.hardly
C.cried D.opened
D.feel C.hear
第II卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
68-year-old retired engineer, Roger Wilday, 41(walk)his dog Jade in a Birmingham city park, he never imagined his dog would lead him to a newborn baby girl 42 had been abandoned inside 43 blanket.According to Mail Online, Wilday told 44(report), “Jade has grown up with children around her, she loves babies and when she found the baby in the bushes she wouldn’t leave 45 he knew I had seen it.” Wilday was astonished by the 46(discover), and said he believed the baby was just a few hours old since she was still warm.Wilday called immediately and within minutes, police and an ambulance arrived.Police took the blanket and sent it to be processed for DNA.They hope the test result will help identify the baby’s parents.The infant, now 47(know)as “Baby Jade”, was named 48 her four-legged hero rescuer.“She is a hero dog,” said Wilday.“There 49(be)no one else in the park at the time and it was very cold.But for Jade, that baby might have been dead.”
The baby was found in good health and is expected 50(make)a full recovery.第三部分写作(共两节;满分35)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文 中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Two days before, our school had an opening ceremony in the school auditorium.All the teachers and students as well as some famous scientists and government official attended to the ceremony.Our principal made a speech, in which he hope everybody in our school will make the greatest efforts and make even more progress in the new term.At the ceremony, excellent students were present with prizes and our principal also announced that some honour students had won medals in various competitions, who is the pride of our school.Eventually a famous scientist told the students about
their learning experience and what he achieves success in his research work.So moving was I by what he said that I made up my mind to learn him and study harder in the new term.笫二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是李华,你所在的学校拟在下周三举办一场地震知识讲座。请你根据以下内容要点给著名地质学家张教授写一封短信,邀请他给学生做这次讲座。信的内容包括: 讲座目的:提高同学们处理突发事件的能力和自救的能力; 讲座内容:了解地震的一般知识以及地震中逃生的知识;
讲座时间:共两个小时,包括1小时30分钟的讲座和30分钟的问答环节 注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.参考词汇: 互动 interaction
Dear Professor Zhang,Yours faithfully,Li H
第一部分 阅读理解(共20 小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
1-5 BCDCB 6-10 ADCBB 11-15 BCDBA 16-20 GBCFE 第二部分: 英语知识运用
第一节:完形填空(共20 小题;每小题2分,满分40分)21-40 CCBAB DACBA
BBDAD
DDCAC 第二节:(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)41.walked/ was walking until/unless 46.discovery 47.known 48.after 49.was 50.to make 第三部分:写作
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
Two days before, our school had an opening ceremony in the school auditorium.All the ago teachers and students as well as some famous scientists and government official attended to the officials ceremony.Our principal made a speech, in which he hope everybody in our school will make hopes the greatest efforts and make even more progress in the new term.At the ceremony, excellent
students were present with prizes and our principal also announced that some honour students presented had won medals in various competitions, who is the pride of our school.Eventually a famous which
44.reporters 45.scientist told the students about their learning experience and what he achieves success in his his how research work.So moving was I by what he said that I made up my mind to learn ∧him and moved from study harder in the new term.第二节:书面表达(满分25分)
Dear Professor Zhang, Our school is planning to have a lecture on how to survive in an earthquake next Wednesday and I’m writing to invite you to come and give a talk on earthquake safety tips.It will help equip us with knowledge about the signs of a coming earthquake, and improve our ability to deal with emergencies, thus saving ourselves effectively when an earthquake breaks out.Do you think one and a half hours will be enough for such a lecture? Besides, can a 30 minutes’ interaction be added after the lecture? Please let me know as soon as possible so that I can make arrangements.I’m looking forward to seeing you again and enjoying the lecture.Yours faithfully,Li Hua
第四篇:汕头市2012~2013学普通高中教学质量监测高一级政治参考答案
汕头市2012~2013学普通高中教学质量监测高一级政治
参考答案和评分标准
1.B2.D3.B4.D5.D6.A7.A8.C9.B10.B11.A12.A13.C
14.A15.B16.C17.D18.A19.D20.A21.C22.C23.D24.C
①优化经济结构,在扩大内需的基础上促进消费、投资、出口协调发展。
②提高自主创新能力,经济发展向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。③增强可持续发展能力,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会。
④坚持以人为本,做到发展成果由人民共享,促进经济又好又快发展。
(每一要点2分,满分8分。)
①政府要切实履行好职能,改进社会管理和公共服务薄弱环节。(2分)
②政府必须坚持对人民负责的原则,坚持为人民服务的工作态度,树立求真务实的工作作风,坚持从群众来到群众去的工作方法,要重视维护群众利益、倾听群众意见、反对官僚主义。(5分)③政府要依法行政,克服依法行政意识不强的弱点。(2分)
④建立和健全制约和监督机制,完善监督体系,政府必须提高接受监督的自觉性。(3分)
①主权是一个国家的生命与灵魂,中国政府坚决维护国家的主权和领土完整。
②国家利益是国家关系的决定性因素,中国政府坚定地维护我国的利益。
③当今时代的主题是和平与发展,中国政府坚持以和平方式解决国际争端。
④中国政府奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,中国坚定走和平发展道路。
(每一要点2分,满分8分。)
第五篇:汕头市2011年普通高中高三教学质量测评语文试题
汕头市2011年普通高中高三教学质量测评语文试题
• 1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同的一组是 • A.调剂/光风霁月 缱绻/卷土重来 •
收拾/拾级而上
• B.侮辱/忤逆不孝 斐然/缠绵悱恻 •
估量/量体裁衣
• C.宽宥/杳无音讯 病殁/没齿不忘 •
奢靡/所向披靡
• D.碾坊/辗转反侧 诋毁/抵掌而谈 •
滋蔓/顺蔓摸瓜
• 2.下面语段中画线的词语,使用不恰当的一项是
蒲松龄博闻强识,上知天文下知地理,他参加县府道的科举考试,连夺三个第一,考中秀才,踌躇满志;此后却屡考屡败,就是考不中举人,科场失意,怀才不遇,牢骚满腹,固然是不幸的;但也使他与下层百姓有更多更深的联系,看到别人看不到的东西,他的《聊斋志异》,用洋洋洒洒的想象力,为我们在人世之外描绘了一个奇情幻彩的世界. • A.博闻强识
B.踌躇满志
• C.怀才不遇 D.洋洋洒洒 • 3.下列句子中,没有语病的一项是
• A.在全球经济危机中,中国政府紧紧围绕以刺激经济发展为中心,拉动内需,促进中国乃至世界经济逐步复苏;而美国也应当承担其应尽的责任,采取负责任的宏观经济政策。
• B.人民币汇率形成机制改革就是要走形成以市场供求为基础,参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度,保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定的特色,决不屈服外来压力。• C.传承了“天人合一、和谐共生”的中国馆是低碳建筑的成功实践——斗拱层叠架空,充分利用地形、采光、通风、朝向等自然条件,减少空调等电器的能耗;大屋顶与外墙上的太阳能光伏板,让整个建筑照明自给自足;屋顶的雨水收集系统实现雨水循环利用,能够浇灌绿化、冲洗道路。• D.公安民警决不会具体指导市民如何进行银行转账,也从未提供过所谓的“安全账户服务”,(=)不要上当受骗。至于正常的电话欠费,电信公司会先发送欠费催款单,不会直接打电话。
• 4.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是
人类的生态过程不同于生物的生态过程。人的种群构成了社会关系,它以一定的文化形态存在着。
,除了自然生态,还涉及社会生态、文化生态甚至精神生态的内容。
。也就是说,人与自然的关系总是以一定的社会和文化因素为中介的,这说明人类生态过程的特殊复杂性。
• ①但是,在这里自然生态具有生命存在的基础性质
• ②因此,人的生存环境不仅包括自然环境,而且还包括社会环境和文化环境 • ③这就使人的生态结构具有了多层次性的特点 • ④而各个生态层次之间则存在着相互作用和反作用 • ⑤因为人的生态系统涉及人的种群与自然环境的关系 • A.③①④②⑤ B.⑤②③①④
C.①⑤③④② D.②④①⑤③
二.本题为7小题,33分
晋灵公不君:厚敛以雕墙;从台上弹人,而观其辟丸也;宰 夫胹熊蹯不熟,杀之,置诸畚,使妇人载以过朝。赵盾、士季 见其手,问其故,而患之。将谏,士季曰:“谏而不入,则莫之 继也。会请先,不入,则子继之。”三进,及溜,而后视之,曰: “吾知所过矣,将改之。”稽首而对曰:“人谁无过?过而能改,善 莫大焉。君能补过,衮不废矣。” 犹不改。宣子骤谏,公患之,使鉏麑贼之。晨往,寝门辟 矣,盛服将朝。尚早,坐而假寐。麑退,叹而言曰:“不忘恭 敬,民之主也。贼民之主,不忠;弃君之命,不信。有一于此,不如死也!”触槐而死。
秋九月晋候饮赵盾酒伏甲将攻之其右提弥明知之趋登曰臣侍君宴过三爵非礼也遂扶以下。公嗾夫 獒焉。明搏而杀之。盾曰:“弃人用大,虽猛何为!”斗且出。提 弥明死之。
初,宣子田于首山,舍于翳桑。见灵辄饿,问其病。曰: “不食三日矣!”食之,舍其半。问之。曰:“宦三年矣”,未知母 之存否。今近焉,请以遗之。”使尽之,而为之箪食与肉,置诸 橐以与之。既而与为公介,倒戟以御公徒,而免之。问何故,对 日:“翳桑之饿人也。”间其名居,不告而退。遂自亡也。
乙丑,赵穿攻灵公于桃园。宣子未出山而复。大史书曰: “赵盾弑其君。”以示于朝。宣子曰:“不然。”对曰:“子为正卿,亡不越竟,反不讨贼,非子而谁?”宣子曰:“乌呼!《诗》曰: ‘我之怀矣,自诒伊戚。’其我之谓矣。”
孔子曰:“董狐,古之良史也,书法不隐。赵宣子,古之良 大夫也,为法受恶。惜也,越竞乃免。”
宣子使赵穿逆公子黑臀于周而立之。
• 5.对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)• A.宣子骤谏
急切 • B.贼民之主,不忠
刺杀 • C.宣子田于首山
打猎 • D.宣子使赵穿逆公子黑臀于周而立之
迎接
• 骤:知不可乎骤得/突然:骤视之,无不惊为生人也/迅速:暴风骤雨、急骤 • 6.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法都相同的一组是(3分)• A.问其故而患之
其我之谓矣 • B.公嗾夫獒焉
今近焉 • C.弃人用犬,虽猛何为 问何故 • D.请以遗之
置诸橐以与之
• 7.下列分别从正面和侧面表现赵盾“良大夫”形象的一项是(3分)• A.①三进,及溜。
②不忘恭敬,民之主也。• B.①尚早,坐而假寐。
②倒戟以御公徒。
• C.①使尽之,而为之箪食与肉。
②过而能改,善莫大焉。• D.①弃人用犬,虽猛何为!
②惜也,越竟乃免。
• 8.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(3分)• A.晋灵公奢侈暴虐,加重赋税来修饰宫室,因为熊掌没炖烂,竟然杀了厨师,把他的尸首装在畚箕里,让宫女们用头顶着从朝廷经过。
• B.赵盾、士季向晋灵公进谏,晋灵公文过饰非,还想方设法要杀掉赵盾。他派遣的力士鉏麑不愿执行他的命令,于是头撞槐树自杀了。
• C.晋灵公准备在宴会上杀害赵盾,他手下的武士灵辄却在关键时刻帮助赵盾幸免于难,以报答赵盾昔日的送饭之恩,赵盾自己只得逃亡了。
• D.晋大夫赵穿杀了晋灵公,晋国太史董狐写“赵盾弑其君”并在朝廷公布。赵盾难以辩白,大有感慨,孔子也为他蒙受杀君之名感到可惜。
• 9.断句和翻译。(10分)•(2)翻译下面的句子。(6分)
• ①谏而不入,则莫之继也。会请先,不入,则子继之。(3分)②子为正卿,亡不越竟,反不讨贼,非子而谁?(3分)• 10.阅读下面的唐诗,然后回答问题。(7分)• 早梅 齐己①
• 万木冻欲折,孤根暖独回。• 前村深雪里,昨夜一枝开。• 风递幽香出,禽窥素艳来。• 明年如应律,先发望春台②。
• 注:①齐己:唐末著名诗僧。早年曾热心于功名仕进。然而科举失利,不为他人所赏识。② 望春台:既指观赏春景的高台,又喻指京城。
• ⑴诗的题目为《早梅》,但诗句内容未见“早”字。请结合诗句内容简要分析整首诗是如何围绕“早”字落笔的。(4分)• ⑵末联两句意味深长,表达了诗人什么心志?(3分)
如何评价当代文学
杨利景
处于一个正常发展状态的当代文学,为何不断出现质疑和否定的声音?哪些因素影响了人们对当代文学的判断?
只要稍加留意就会发现,几乎每一轮对当代文学的质疑和否定,其立论者大多是将自己的判断建立在一种“比较主义”的逻辑基础之上的。比较的结果是,当代文学既没有李白、杜甫、曹雪芹,也没有鲁迅、老舍、巴金、沈从文,更没有莎士比亚、巴尔扎克、托尔斯泰,于是得出结论:当代文学一片凋零,毫无建树。
文学价值的判断当然可以通过横向的或纵向的比较来得出,但是,把中国当代文学与现代文学甚至古典文学、西方文学进行比较,我觉得还是需要持审慎的态度。因为在此过程中极易生成一种不平等或者不匹配的比较。
这种不平等或者不匹配首先在于,古典文学和现代文学是一种精英主义的文学,文学创作只掌握在极少数精英阶层的手中。但是今天文学创作在更多的人手中成为可能。门槛的降低和“准入”机制的取消带来的结果,必然是良莠并存、鱼目混珠。在这种情况下对它们进行笼统的比较,显然没有任何意义。同时,我们今天接触到的古典文学和现代文学已经经过了“历史化”和“经典化”处理,过滤掉平庸之作,同时对保留下来的作品进行不断阐释,提升、放大它的经典品质,远非历史的原貌。而当代文学由于时间切近,显然没有经过或正在这一过程之中。
与西方文学的比较同样存在这种危险。我们视域内的西方文学,到底指涉的是哪一部分西方文学?古典的,现代的,抑或当代的?美国的,法国的,抑或英国的?仅就美国当代文学而言,是辛格、赛林格代表的文学,还是谢尔顿、格瑞辛姆代表的文学?抑或是我们根本闻所未闻的作家代表的文学?如果不加细化区分,这种比较同样是一种不平等或不匹配的比较。
对当代文学本身而言,我们的“在场者”身份恰恰对我们认识时代的文学构成了某种遮蔽。事实证明,经典往往是时代淘洗的“历史效果”,对当下文学进行整体评价的无力感其实反映了“在场者”“身在此山中”的认识困境。
当代文学不断遭遇非议,还与当下的文化语境密切相关。有人习惯于以文学的社会影响力和读者的数量来判断它的兴衰,慨叹今天的文学“边缘化”了。这其中当然也存在着一个潜在的比较对象,就是上个世纪90年代之前的文学。诚然,我们的文学一度确实万众瞩目、无限荣光。但那种荣耀更多的是被文学之外的其他因素赋予的,也是以牺牲文学的独立性和自主性为代价获取的。当下文学的“式微”、“边缘化”、“没落”不正是文学回归常态的表现与必然结果吗?
上世纪90年代之前,整个社会的价值观和审美观就宏观角度而言还是相对统一的。但是今天,价值观和审美观的多样化已经成为不争的事实。这种多样化作用于文学的直接结果就是,我们对文学的评判标准多样化了。秉持的标准不同,得出的结论必然彼此龃龉。比如针对新兴的网络文学,有人站在精英主义的立场,痛斥网络文学根本不是文学,“网络让文学变了味”,而另外一些人则站在大众主义的立场,声言“一切终将成为网络文学”。一个标准多元的时代,必然是一个争议不断的时代。这种争议往往又很容易升级为相互指责、彼此非议。
今天,价值观和审美观的多样性一斤成为不争的事实。我们对文学的评价也多样化了。秉持的标准不同,得出的结论必然彼此龃龉。比如针对新兴的网络文学,有人站在精英主义的立场,痛斥网络文学根本不是文学,“网络让文学变了味”,而另外一些人择站在大众主义的立场,声言“一切将成为网络文学”。一个标准多元的时代,必然是一个争议不断的时代。这种争议往往又很容易升级为相互指责,彼此非议
总之,我们可以善意地指出当代文学的病象,使它更加健康地成长,而不是一味地否定和痛斥,这样只能于事无补——何况真实的情况可能并不像有些人描述得那样一团糟糕。
• 12.下列说法中符合文意的两项是
• A.当代文学屡遭质疑和否定,原因之一是论者大多基于“比较主义”的逻辑,通过横向或纵向的比较,发现当代文学一片凋零,毫无建树。
• B.古典文学和现代文学的创作只掌握在极少数精英阶层的手中,是一种精英主义文学。而当代文学创作则掌握在更多的人手中,是一种大众主义的文学。
• C.因为当代文学没有经过“历史化”和“经典化”处理,所以与未经细化区分的西方文学的比较是不平等、不匹配的。
• D.上世纪90年代以前的文学之所以能获得万众瞩目的无限荣光,是因为它牺牲了文学的独立性和自主性。
• E.在作者看来,立论基础、立论者身份、文化语境及评判标准等是影响人们对处于正常发展状态的当代文学作出判断的因素。
• 13.根据文意,下列判断不正确的一项是
• A.通过与现代文学甚至古典文学、西方文学的笼统比较来判断中国当代文学的价值是不科学的。• B.由于“在场者”的身份,我们对当代文学的认识不可避免地存在某种被遮蔽的局限,在整体评价时产生无力感。
• C.经典往往是时代淘洗的“历史效果”,当代文学同样能经过“历史的淘汰”过滤掉平庸之作,再经过阐释、提升、放大后产生经典。
• D.当代文学的真实情况其实并不像有些人描述的那样糟,评价当代文学的正确态度应该是:善意地指出病象,使其更加健康成长。
• 14.与古典文学和现代文学比较,当代文学的现状如何?试简要概括。(4分)15.针对一些人对当代文学的质疑或否定,作者提出了哪些观点?(4分)
月 到 天 心
林清玄
二十多年前的乡下没有路灯,夜里穿过田野要回到家里,差不多是摸黑的,平常时日,都是借着微明的天光,摸索着回家。偶尔有星星,就亮了很多,感觉到心里也有星星的光明。
如果是有月亮的时候,心里就整个沉淀下来,丝毫没有了黑夜的恐惧。在南台湾,尤其是夏夜,月亮的光格外有辉煌的光明,能使整条山路都清清楚楚地延展出来。
乡下的月光是很难形容的,它不像太阳的投影是从外面来,它的光明犹如从草树、从街路、从花叶,乃至从屋檐下、墙垣内部微微地渗出,有时会误以为万事万物的本身有着自在的光明。假如夜深有雾,到处都弥漫着清气,当萤火虫成群飞过,仿佛是月光所掉落出来的精灵。
每一种月光下的事物都有了光明,真是好!
更好的是,在月光底下,我们也觉得自己心里有着月亮、有着光明,那光明虽不如阳光温暖,却是清凉的,从头顶的发到脚尖的指甲都感受月的清凉。
走一段路,抬起头来,月亮总是跟着我们,照着我们。在童年的岁月里,我们心目中的月亮有一种亲切的生命,就如同有人提灯为我们引路一样。我们在路上,月在路上;我们在山顶,在山顶;我们在江边,月在江中;我们回到家里,月正好在家屋门前。
直到如今,童年看月的景象,以及月光下的乡村都还历历如绘。但对于月之随人却带着一丝迷思,月亮永远跟随我们,到底是错觉还是真实的呢?可以说它既是错觉,也是真实。由于我们知道月亮只有一个,人人却都认为月亮跟随自己,这是错觉;但当月亮伴随我们时,我们感觉到月是唯一的,只为我照耀,这是真实。
长大以后才知道,真正的事实是,每一个人心中有一片月,它是独一无
二、光明湛然的,当月亮照耀我们时,它反映着月光,感觉天上的月也是心中的月。在这个世界上,每个人心里都有月亮埋藏,只是自己不知罢了。只有极少数的人,在最黑暗的时刻,仍然放散月的光明,那是知觉到自己就是月亮的人。
这就是为什么禅宗把直指人心称为“指月”,指着天上的月叫人看,见了月就应忘指;教化人心里都有月的光明,光明显现时就应舍弃教化。无非是标明了人心之月与天边之月是相应的、含容的,所以才说“千江有水千江月,万里无云万里天”,即使江水千条,条条里都有一轮明月。从前读过许多诵月的诗,有一些颇能说出“心中之月”的境界,例如王阳明的《蔽月山房》:
山近月远觉月小,便道此山大于月; 若人有眼大如天,当见山高月更阔。
确实,如果我们能把心眼放开到天一样大,月不就在其中吗?只是一般人心眼小,看起来山就大于月亮了。还有一首是宋朝理学家邵雍写的《清夜吟》:
月到天心处,风来水面时; 一般清意味,料得少人知。
月到天心、风来水面,都有着清凉明净的意味,只有微细的心情才能体会,一般人是不能知道的。我们看月,如果只看到天上之月,没有见到心灵之月,则月亮只是极短暂的偶遇,哪里谈得上什么永恒之美呢?
所以,回到自己,让自己光明吧!
16.简要分析文章以“月到天心”为标题的作用。(4分)17.文章写的是月,为什么要从摸黑回家写起?为什么要写星星?(5分)18.作者认为:只有心灵有明月,才有人生的永恒之美。对此,你有何感悟?(6分)
微博正在改变中国青年的生活
“微博让网友的心和我们舟曲紧紧地连在一起。”8月20日,重庆理工大学外语学院大二学生王凯,在接受记者采访时说,自己的生活完全被泥石流和微博改变了。当他8月8日发出第一条微博时,根本没想到会受到那么多人的关注和鼓励。
在舟曲泥石流灾害发生后,王凯以“Kayne”为名发的微博成了网友甚至媒体了解灾情的重要信息源。仅8月9日一天,他就发了100多条关于灾区情况的微博,在网上被迅速转发传播,部分图片被各大网站转载。有媒体说:“他一个人就像一个通讯社。”现在,王凯微博上的“粉丝”数量已经超过1万人。
在舟曲泥石流发生以前,王凯上微博多是为了娱乐消遣,“通过这次事件,我有了很大改观,很多人通过微博集结起来了,不少人捐款捐物找不到渠道还会留言给我。”
“如果后续环节充分,一条微博可以做到核裂变式的广泛传播。”闵大洪在微博研究文章中说道,尽管微博具有信息碎片化的特点,但“围观”现象并不少见,完全可以形成舆论。尽管微博具有“去中心化”的特点,但同样具有动员和组织作用。
他举例,青海玉树地震发生后,网友通过新浪微博发出“超级急”的信息,告知首都机场一号航站楼北线货运站征集救灾物资,号召网友将灾区急需的物品送达。4月18日至21日,由社会热心人士联系的海航包机连续4天运输网友捐赠的赈灾物质,总量超过20吨。
调查显示,87.3%的人会上微博了解大家对公共事件或突发事件的看法并发表意见;62.5%的人参与过微博上发起的寻人、祈福等公益行动。
69.1%的人表示对微博信息一定要加以甄别
某外企职员陈松,觉得微博带来的是一种全新的生活方式。“我每天上下班路上要花两个小时,就会用手机上微博。遇上什么事,拍个照片就随手发上去了,特方便。在微博上关注一些名人、明星、书籍等,也让我认识了一些有共同爱好的新朋友。”
调查显示,94.3%的人表示微博在改变自己的生活。67.1%的人表示微博能即时交流,改变了交友、沟通的方式和习惯;64.9%的人认为上微博更容易形成特定的小圈子;60.8%的人表示微博能随时随地记录,改变了表述和思维的习惯。
微博也有让陈松烦恼的时候。他“关注”了200多人,每天一上去更新特别多,蹦出来的东西很多并不是自己想要的,“有些网站推荐的话题会起一些耸人听闻的标题,其实没什么内容。”
中国人民大学新闻学院教授匡文波认为,目前微博在信息的真实性上还有欠缺,“微博是草根媒体,没有把关人,谁都可以发布消息,难免真假难辨。所以,微博只能作为传统媒体的补充。”此外,很多名人开微博的目的是为了营销自己,带有很强的功利性。微博信息海量,政府不太可能管控,网站的约束作用也不明显。他提醒广大博友,阅读微博时会有风险,还不能作为信息的主要来源。
“微博的可信度和网络的可信度是一样的。”北京某文化公司执行总编马中才认为,不管渠道是什么,接收到的信息都要自己判断,“通过常识判断哪些是真实的,就不会太盲从。”
调查显示,56.5%的人觉得微博上的信息“基本可信”,23.2%的人“不确定”,20.3%的人觉得“不太可信”。69.1%的人表示对于微博传播的信息,一定要加以甄别。
闵大洪表示,要使微博信息具有真实性、准确性,并对社会有益,归根结底要依赖传播节点上的人,依赖他们的媒介素养、道德水准和辨别力。
19.如何理解“如果后续环节充分,一条微博可以做到核裂变式的广泛传播”这句话在文中的含义?(4分)20.文中出现了大量关于微博的调查数据,说说它们在文中的作用。(5分)21.结合全文,说说如何发挥微博的积极效应?(6分)
22.现在电视进入了一个娱乐节目流行的时代,观察右面这幅漫画,然后回答问题。
⑴请简要介绍漫画的内容。(3分)⑵针对漫画反映的社会问题,请你提出两条改进的建议(3分)
23.南滨中学举行以“弘扬中华传统文化节”为主题的现场书法比赛,请你为该活动写一段宣传语,要求:①主题鲜明;②语言生动得体:③60字左右。(6分)
阅读下面材料,按要求作文:
空间有大有小,空间是可知可感的,空间也是虚拟的。有的人空间越来越小,有的人空间越来越大。有的人追求有限的空间无限拓展,有的人追求无限的空间张显了精彩,……请写一篇文章,谈谈你的生活中与 “空间”有关的经历或你对“空间”的感悟、看法。自拟题目,自定写法,不少于800字。