一般过去与现在完成对比练习

第一篇：一般过去与现在完成对比练习

三、用适当的时态填空：

1.She’s _____________(live)here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them ________________(be)in Hong Kong for ten days.3.Both of them ____________(come)to Hong Kong ten days ago.4.Half an hour __________(pass)since the train __________(leave).5.Mary________(lose)her pen.________ you _______(see)it here and there?

6._________ you _____(find)your watch yet?

7.---Are you thirsty?---No I _________just _________(have)some orange.8.We----already _________(return)the book.9.________ they _______(build)a new school in the village?

10.I _____________(not finish)my homework.Can you help me?

11.My father _____(read)the novel twice.12.I _________(buy)a book just now.13.I _________(lost)my watch yesterday.14.My father ___________(read)this book since yesterday

三、用适当的时态填空：

1.lived / has been living

2.have been

3.went

4.has passed;left

5.has lost;have , seen

6.Have , found

7.have , had

8.have , returned

9.Have , built

10.haven’t finished

11.has read

12.bought

13.lost

14.have been reading / has read

第二篇：一般过去与现在完成1

)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.不受时间限制的Shanghai lies in the east of China.客观存在表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..3)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。

I don't want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.※4)由连词ifunlessbeforeas soon aswhen oncehowever等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

现在完成时用法解析

1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

2.用法

（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：

-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）

（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981

他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）

I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。

（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。

如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

3.现在完成时的时间状语

（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些

表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑

问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few

years等。

例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this

morning(month,year,term)等。

例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗？我 没有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去过那里多少次？

（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或

状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像

come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”

等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on

die→be dead

fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be upgo out→be out

finish →be overput on→wear 或be on

open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…

close→be closedgo to school→be a student

borrow→keepbuy→have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→studycome to work→work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。

4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动

作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻

发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：

I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）

I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没

说明）

5.几点注意事项

（1）have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。

如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for twoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。

（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和

表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离

开过这儿。

第三篇：三课对比练习

三课对比练习

一、《岳阳楼记》与《醉翁亭记》

1.★范仲淹在《岳阳楼记》中表达了强烈的忧患意识，而欧阳修在《醉翁亭记》中抒发了“与民同乐”的政治理想，范仲淹的“忧”与欧阳修的“乐”在本质上有什么联系？

“忧”与“乐”在本质上是一致的。范仲淹无论位居高官还是退居民间，都挂念国家、百姓；欧阳修虽然遭到贬谪而失意，但是依然积极施政，与百姓同乐。他们都关心天下，以天下苍生为念，始终关心百姓疾苦，关注百姓忧喜。

2.★简要地比较一下《醉翁亭记》与《岳阳楼记》所表达的快乐观的异同。

相同的是：都是表达乐观向上，以民为本的思想（把个人欢乐与人民欢乐联系在一起）不同的是：《岳阳楼记》等人民快乐之后自己才快乐；《醉翁亭记》是与民同乐，一起享乐。

3.《岳阳楼记》写登楼所见，《醉翁亭记》写登山所见。两文描写的景物还有何不同？ ①《岳阳楼记》写水景，《醉翁亭记》写山景；②《岳阳楼记》写了朝暮之景，《醉翁亭记》既写了朝暮之景，又写了四时之景；③《岳阳楼记》写景是为了突出阔大壮观，而《醉翁亭记》写景则是为了突出其秀美多变。（以上三点要求全答）

4.请简要分析两文骈散句相互结合交融的异同，并说说是如何做到的。

相同之处：骈句句中自对，两两相对，再夹以骈偶句，加强了韵律美。中间写景状物多用骈句，词采华美，音韵和谐，出语自然，浑然天成，毫无雕琢的痕迹；

不同之处：《醉翁亭记》还运用了大量的虚词。全文共用了21个“也”字和25个“而”字，把诗一样整齐的句子断开，让他带上散文的韵味。这样整散结合，使文章既有诗的意境，又有散文的美感，加强了回环咏叹的意味。

二、《醉翁亭记》与《小石潭记》

1.★《醉翁亭记》与《小石潭记》都写到了自然景色带来的“乐”，但用意有什么不同？ 《醉翁亭记》借山水之乐表达了自己与民同乐，随遇而安的情感；《小石潭记》则是以乐衬悲，表达了怀才不遇，处境凄凉的忧郁之情。（表达的情感不同！）

2.★《醉翁亭记》第二段在描写琅琊山的山水和《小石潭记》第一段写小石潭的水，在写法上有什么异同？

相同之处都是抓住了景物的特点。不同之处就是《醉翁亭记》是从一天早晚，一年四季的角度概括抽象地写，《小石潭记》则是选择了具体的细节仔细地刻画，而且是通过水中的游鱼侧面烘托出水的清澈（写作手法上的不同点，高度囊括与细节描写！）

八年级下学期语文科复习资料提纲（2011-2012）

第四篇：英汉语言对比与翻译练习

英汉语言对比与翻译练习

注意事项：

１．英汉语言句法／句式差别； ２．体会英汉互译句式转换规律； Sentences:

1.In praising the logic of the English language we must not lose sight of the fact that in most cases where, so to speak, the logic of facts or of the exterior world is at war with the logic of grammar.2.邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起，拉至宽处，加上训骡，出了西脚门往东，过荣府正门，如一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前，方下了车。

3.When about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marching rapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be killed.4.I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointed to a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.5.Mr.Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots.6.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born..7.The original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.8.After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds, pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks.I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag for transport, handing it to the boy.“carry it carefully,” I cautioned.9.Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.10.Loneliness held the great masses of immigrants together, and poverty kept them down.11.Starvation was a remote threat.12.There is a crying need for a new remedy.13.There was a mumbled conversation in the background.Then a man’s voice came on the phone.14.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me.15.She was always a crier any way.16.The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley, following a thaw-swollen stream.17.The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.18.A long course of poverty and humility, of daily privations and hard words, of kind office and no returns, had been her lot ever since womanhood almost, or since her luckless marriage with George Osborne.(Vanity Fair chapter 57)

19.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.20.Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depression at coming to Prague.21.Under these conditions there is a large store of energy available to maintain the pressure of the oil zone while production is taking place.This energy actually comes from the expansion of the aquifer water caused by the reduction in pressure resulting from the removal of oil from the reservoir.22.Two hundred pounds of muscle and sinew created by hard work and clean living had melted to a hundred and sixty-odd;his senior clothing flagged about him.23.Because of the definite feeling in the country that the recession has bottomed out, only 31% of those surveyed now believe that the U.S.runs a risk of a major depression, down from 43% in February.24.The community of fowls to which Tess had been appointed as supervisor, purveyor, nurse, surgeon, and friend, made its headquarters in an old thatched cottage standing in an enclosure that had once been a garden, but was now a trampled and sanded square.(Tess of the D’urberville P60)

25.By this time there had arisen a shout of laughter at the extraordinary appearance of Car’s back;which irritated the dark queen into getting rid of the disfigurement by the first sudden means available and independently of the help of the scoffers.She rushed excitedly into the field they were about to cross, and flinging herself flat on her back upon the grass began to wipe her gown as well as she could by spinning horizontally on the herbage and dragging herself over it upon her elbows.(Tess P70)

26.The young girls formed, indeed, the majority of the band, and their heads of luxuriant hair reflected the sunshine every tone of gold, and black, and brown.Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all.A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads, and to dissociate self-consciousness from their features, was apparent in them, and showed that they were genuine country girls, unaccustomed to many eyes.(Tess of the D’urbervilles, Chapter II)

27.林小姐这天从学校回来就撅起小嘴唇.她掼下书包,并不照例到镜台前梳头发搽粉,却倒在床上看着帐子出神.28.八一嫂正气得抱着孩子发抖，忽然见赵七爷满脸油汗，瞪着眼，准对伊冲过来，便十分害怕，不敢说完话，回身走了。（鲁迅，《**》）29.语言这东西,不是随便可以学好的.30.他一想到要返回去,心里就害怕.31.秋天的后半夜，月亮下去了，太阳还没有出，只剩下一片乌蓝的天；除了夜游的东西，什么都睡着。华老栓忽然坐起身，擦着火柴，点上遍身油腻的灯盏，茶馆的两间屋子里，便弥漫了青白的光。（鲁迅 《药》）

32.华大妈在枕头底下掏了半天，掏出一包洋钱，交给老栓，老栓接了，抖抖的装入衣袋，又在外面按了两下；便点上灯笼，吹熄灯盏，走向屋子里去了。（鲁迅，药）

第五篇：汉英对比句法练习

汉英对比句法练习

1.过去的一年，全国人民按照“抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定”的方针，团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得了重大成就。

In the past year, guided by the principle of “seizing the current opportunity to deepen the reform and open China wider to the outside world, promoting development and maintaining stability”, the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving a great success in the drive for socialist modernization.2.The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人恢复的很快。

3.The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings.计算机比人检查得更细心更勤快。

4.Every country is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security.每一个国家需要什么来保卫国家安全，只有他自己才能做出最好的判断。

5.I am convinced that China’s WTO membership will do contribution to the development of global economy.我坚信中国加入WTO将会对全球经济发展做出更大贡献。

6.Education should serve as tool for child protection and prevention of harm.教育应成为保护儿童和防止其受伤害的工具。

7.Any delay in the delivery of the textbooks will disturb our teaching plan.教材不按时送到就会打乱我们的教学计划。

8.He is a nonsmoker.他不抽烟。

9.She was essentially a photographer of New York and its environs.她基本上在纽约及其周边地区从事摄影。

10.我钢琴弹得不好。I am not a good piano player.11.他酷爱古典音乐。

He is an ardent lover of classic music.12.The teacher thanked the pupils because they are very cooperative.学生们配合地很好，老师向他们表示感谢。

13.These financial incentives can be conditional on specified levels of school participation, attendance or achievement.这些财政激励措施可根据入学情况，出勤率或学习成绩进行具体调整。

14.工人们对公司的财政状况并不了解，否则，他们会采取行动的。

The works are ignorant of the financial situation of the company;otherwise they would have taken some action.15.He has someone behind him.有人给他撑腰。

16． 你得喝几口水，把药丸吞下去。

You have to wash the pills down with sips of water.17．一些专家指出，全球变暖并不像以前警告的那样严重。

According to some experts, global warming is not so serious as has been warned.18．火箭已经用来探索宇宙。

Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.19．他读书时不加选择。He is indiscriminate in reading.