大学英语课后答案

第一篇：大学英语课后答案

浅析社会主义法治理念

法治理念是人们对法律的功能、作用和法律实施所持有的内心信念和观念。先进的法治理念能够引领和指导国家机关、社会组织和人民群众的法律活动,是国家机关依法行使国家权力、服务人民、管理社会的行动指南,是社会组织和人民群众依法行使权利、履行义务、承担责任的思想基础和价值标准。

2005年,以胡锦涛总书记为首的党中央领导集体提出了社会主义法治理念这一意义重大、内涵丰富的政治和法律命题。在中国特色的社会主义理念下,在我们国家法制建设的过程中,建设有中国特色社会主义理论,坚持和遵循依法治国、公平正义、公正司法、司法为民等社会主义法治理念具有重要的理论和实践意义。

一、社会主义法治理念的内涵

“社会主义法治理念”是关于社会主义法治的理想、信念和观念,是社会主义法治的内在要求、精神实质和基本原则的概括和反映,是立法、执法、守法和法律监督的基本指导思想。一定的法治理念由一定的社会历史制度、法律文化和价值观所决定,一旦形成,便固化于人们的思想中,具有相当的稳定性、持久性;有什么样的法治理想、信念和观念,就会表现为什么样的立法、执法及守法行为。法治理念是灵魂,决定着法治的效果。

改革开放以来,我们党在领导全国人民进行社会主义民主法制建设的伟大实践中,积累了丰富的经验,提出了一系列正确的法治理念。我国社会主义制度是先进的社会制度,我国社会主义法治理念也一定是先进的法治理念,是真正符合广大人民群众利益和需要的法治理念。社会主义法治理念必须体现以下本质要求,必须反映和坚持社会主义先进生产力的发展要求,反映和坚持人民民主专政的国体,反映和坚持党的领导,反映和坚持马克思主义的指导地位,反映和坚持从中国国情出发的原则要求,必须反映和坚持改革创新、与时俱进。

按照这些本质要求,社会主义法治理念可以概括为“依法治国,执法为民,公平正义,服务大局,党的领导”五个方面的内容。依法治国是社会主义法治的核心内容,执法为民是社会主义法治的本质要求,公平正义是社会主义法治的价值追求,服务大局是社会主义法治的重要使命,党的领导是社会主义法治的根本保证。这五个方面相辅相成,体现了党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的有机统一。

二、坚持贯彻社会主义法治理念的必要性

(一)时代发展的需要

当前我国处于全面建设小康社会新的发展阶段。新的发展时期,必然要对法制建设提出新的要求,政法队伍、政法工作要适应新形势的要求,就必须有一个科学、明确、符合时代需要的执法指导思想。当前我国经济社会正经历着前所未有的巨

大变革,各种经济成份不断出现,使经济实体呈现多元化,必然导致经济利益的多元化。这一时期,既是战略机遇期,也是社会矛盾尖锐化时期和社会问题多发期,地区之间的不平衡、各阶层收入差距的拉大、就业形势严峻等社会矛盾和问题不断增多,人们的思想、观念、利益也同时发生着变化,各种利益冲突不断发生,这也要求政法机关要有一个科学、正确的法治理念,在实际工作中体现出公平、正义,维护各个阶层群众的合法权益。因此,在我国政法战线坚持和贯彻社会主义法治理念教育是十分必要和非常及时的战略举措。

(二)法制建设的需要

随着我国各项改革的不断扩大和深化,司法体制的改革和调整也必将提上日程。当前我国立法体制中存在诸多问题,例如,立法的超前、快速、规模庞大、盲目立法等,使出台的法律、法规难于渗透到社会生活实际领域,难于被民众认同、消化、接受,最后变为一纸空文。目前中国的法律很难经得起理性的检验,中国的执法困境,立法有不可推卸的责任。包括司法制度、执法机制怎么改、如何改才能适应我国民主法制建设和人民当家作主的法制需求,也需要我们有一个统一明确的认识。

(三)社会稳定的需要

中国的发展、富强、崛起和进行社会主义现代化建设必须有一个稳定的社会环境。但也要清醒地认识到,目前影响社会稳定与和谐的因素还大量存在,改革和发展中一些深层次的矛盾和问题逐步暴露出来,人民内部矛盾凸显,有的甚至引发**。社会管理、经济管理中的新情况新问题也不断出现,极易滋生和诱发违法犯罪,甚至导致严重刑事犯罪高发。而担负维护稳定重任的政法机关需要进一步明确自己的使命,需要有一个正确的法治理念。

(四)执法的需要

在建设依法治国和建设社会主义和谐社会的进程中,人民群众民主法治意识日益增强,人民群众通过司法程序维护自身合法权益的要求不断提高。而我们政法队伍、检察队伍在执法中存在的执法不严格、不公正、不文明、不作为的现象,甚至执法犯法的情况也时有发生,上述行为的背后存在着不合时宜的执法观念急需纠正,混乱的执法思想需要澄清,不适应新形势的执法思想迫切需要得到改变。

面对新形势,法律工作者必须主动应对新挑战,积极适应新要求,尽快提高化解社会矛盾的能力、防范和打击违法犯罪的能力、维护国家政治稳定的能力、公正执法的能力。而要做到这些,必须用科学、先进、正确的法治理念武装政法干警头脑,也就是说,用社会主义法治理念指导政法工作。

三、践行社会主义法治理念的途径

如何使社会主义法治理念走入执法者头脑,让他们在深刻理解、共同感受、真切内化这些法律理念的基础上,引导和自律执法办案行为,应当成为政法队伍建设共同面临、必须正视和认真对待的一项重要而极有现实意义的任务。

(一)坚持依法治国

所谓依法治国,就是广大人民群众在党的领导下,依照宪法和法律规定,通过各种途径和形式管理国家事务,管理经济、文化事业,管理社会事务,保证国家各项工作都依法进行,逐步实现社会民主的制度化、法律化。实践依法治国理念对执法工作具体有以下三点基本要求:努力提高法律素养——践行依法治国理念的前提;坚持严格执法——法治的基本内涵;模范遵守法律——执法者的应尽责任。

(二)坚持执法为民

执法为民是社会主义法治的本质要求,是党“立党为公、执政为民”执政理念对政法工作的必然要求,是“一切权力属于人民”的宪法原则在政法工作中的具体体现,是政法工作始终保持正确政治方向的思想保证。

执法为民,就是按照“三个代表”重要思想的本质要求,把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益作为政法工作的根本出发点和落脚点,在各项政法工作中切实做到以人为本、执法公正、一心为民。正是因为执法为民理念对于政法工作的重要作用,因此,各级政法机关和广大政法干警,要在开展社会主义法治理念教育活动中,全面深刻理解执法为民内涵,始终坚持以人为本,牢固树立执法为民理念。

(三)坚持追求公平正义的理念

公平正义是自古以来人类社会共同的、不懈地向往和追求,公平正义是社会主义法治的最高价值目标追求和重要任务,维护和实现公平正义是政法工作的永恒主题和神圣职责,也是政法干警崇高而伟大的使命。只有树立公平正义的理念,才能使宪法规定的建设社会主义法治国家的任务落到实处,才能真正维护人民的利益,促进社会和谐发展。

1.合法合理。合理性是指执法中正确行使自由裁量权,所采取的措施、作出的决定合乎理性,符合案件事实、情节,防止滥用职权、显失公平。法律设定自由裁量权是使执法机关具体情况具体分析,既遵守一般要求又体现个别化,按照合理而公正的原则作出正确的选择和判断,从而更加准确地贯彻法律的意图。

2.平等对待。平等对待是法律面前人人平等原则在社会公平正义方面的具体要求,是公平正义的载体和支撑。没有平等对待,正义便成为抽象的空谈。平等对待主要包括以下内容:一是反对特权,法律上的平等对待,排除任何特权,反对给予同等条件者不同的待遇。要求在执法中坚持依法平等保护各类主体的合法权益,不分

地域、不分公私、不分贫富、不分民族出身,一律提供平等的司法保护和法律服务。二是禁止歧视,与反对特权相对,法律上的平等对待不允许对任何在社会关系中处于劣势地位的主体有歧视待遇。按照公平正义原则的要求,这些人不但不应当受到其他人的歧视,而且还应当得到社会给予他们的关怀援助。我国的法律援助制度、司法救助制度、未成年人在刑事诉讼中的特殊规定等都贯彻了这一原则。

3.实体与程序公正并重。程序公正不仅是实体公正实现的前提和保障,而且本身也具有独立的价值。在现代社会,程序法是否完备并得到严格的遵守执行,是衡量一个国家法制文明、司法公正、诉讼民主、人权保障程度的重要标志。程序公正具有以下几个方面的目的和价值:一是应当保障实体公正的实现。实体公正是一种结果的公正,而任何结果都是经过一定的过程得以实现的。程序的设计配置,首先是保证执法司法机关正确地发现案件的真实情况,全面客观地收集证据,准确地适用法律,正确地处理案件,保证实体法的实现。二是赋予当事人充分的权利并提供权利被侵犯时的救济渠道,有效地保障人权。程序公正要求以人为本,充分尊重当事人、行政相对人的人格尊严和主体地位,保障其应有的知情、参与、陈述、抗辩、申诉、获得法律帮助等各项权利,使其感受到客观、公平、充分参与、主张和意见得到充分表达,增强行政执法决定和司法决定的可接受性。三是规范执法行为,克服执法者的随意性,防止权力的滥用。任何权力都有滥用的可能,仅仅把正义实现的希望寄托于执法者良好的道德修养是不够的。只有借助制度的力量和约束,人们才能对执法的结果有一个相对稳定的预期,而程序正义的一个突出功能就是对权力可能被滥用进行限制和制约。

(四)树立服务大局思想

服务大局是社会主义法治的重要使命,是执法机关应切实履行的重大职责。牢固树立服务大局的理念,要求各级执法部门要把执法工作放到党和国家工作大局中来认识、把握和部署,立足本职,全面正确履行职责。

1.牢固树立服务大局的思想。要善于围绕大局筹划部署工作。学会从大局出发、从大局着眼,自觉地把各项工作融入到大局之中来思考、谋划和部署,把本地、本部门的工作作为保障党和国家大局的必要环节努力做好,使各项工作切实体现服务大局的要求。为此,要做到两点,一要统筹兼顾;二要善于结合实际创造性地开展工作。同时,适时地根据形势的发展变化研究工作思路,确定工作重点,调整策略方法,增添工作举措,确保在服务大局中更有作为。

2.立足本职。立足本职是服务大局的基础。执法人员要立足各自的工作岗位,结合自己的职责任务去服务大局,切实执好法、办好案、服好务,不能把大局看成是“摸不到,够不着”的目标,对服务大局无从着手。实际上,我们的日常工作与大局工作就是紧密相关的,按照岗位职责要求,认真尽职尽责做好每一项工作,办好每一件案件,就是为大局服务。本职工作做不好,服务大局就会成为一句空话。要依法做好本职工作,按照法律赋予的权限,严格依法办事,公正文明执法,热情周到服务,不失职、渎职,不滥用职权,不违法办案、执法违法,优质高效地做好岗位职责所要求的具体工作,正确有效地为大局服务,使人民群众满意,党委、政府满意。

3.正确履职。正确履职是服务大局的关键。执法部门、执法人员只有全面正确履行好各自的职责,才能正确而有效地服务大局,取得好的效果。

社会主义法治理念是建设法治国家的灵魂。正如胡锦涛同志指出的:“理念是行动的指南。我们实施依法治国的基本方略,建设社会主义法治国家,既要积极加强法制建设,又要牢固树立社会主义法治理念。”特别是在当前我国经济社会发展的关键时期,坚持贯彻社会主义法治理念,对贯彻科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会有着重要的战略意义。

第二篇：新世纪大学英语4课后答案

大英读写课后习题答案

Unit1

Working with words and expressions

（Translation）

段落翻译

Human beings live in the realm of nature.They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it.With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties.No one can live outside nature.However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down.Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human being is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Uint4 Working with words and expressions

（Translation）

Uint5

Working with words and expressions

（Translation）

段落翻译

Uint6

（Translation）

段落翻译

Uint7 Working with words and expressions 1.（Translation）

段落翻译

Uint8 Working with words and expressions 1.（Translation）

段落翻译

第三篇：新编大学英语4课后答案

新编大学英语4浙江大学编著 Part Three FURTHER DEVELOPMENT Unit 1 Leisure Activities

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)B2)A3)B4)A5)A6 C7)B8)C9)B10)A11)C12)C

2.Translation Practice

这位上了年纪而从未结过婚的英国女士，在1930年第一次出现在小说《牧师住宅的谋杀案》中时，年纪大约在65到70岁之间。在长达41年多的时间里，她出现在12部长篇小说、20篇短篇小说中——最后一次破案时她已经很老了。

从外表上看，马普尔小姐高高瘦瘦，面色红润而布满皱纹，有着一双淡蓝色的眼睛，雪白的头发在头上盘成老式的发髻。她的外表看上去不会给任何人造成伤害。再加上她那漫无边际的闲谈以及永远都在身边的毛线针，她常常会引起人们的误解，把她仅仅看成是一位“犹犹豫豫的老女人”。那可真是小看了她。那些真正了解她的人都明白，她是人类本性敏锐的观察者，而且“不可思议地总是正确的”。

虽然马普尔小姐一生都生活在看上去枯燥乏味的圣玛丽牧场，她却相当老到地明白并接受“我们周围尽是邪恶”这个事实。就像她经常指出的那样，大城市能找到的人性特征和邪恶，在她住的村子及周边也都能找到。于是，她的破案方式就是找出圣玛丽牧场和外面世界在生活和人物方面的相似之处。

Unit2 The Power of Words

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)C2)A3)C4)B5)B6)A7)C8)A9)A10)A

1.Translation Practice

1)另一方面，打电话更快捷，所以当你需要很快得到一个答复时，电话更合适些。

2)一些最精彩的信是灵感突现时写的，所以要把文具放在你能坐几分钟、很快给朋友写短信的地方。

3)一封手写的信，封在一个不是帐单的信封中，在我们的朋友劳累了一天疲惫地回家的时候等候在她的路上，信中的话将帮助她消除一天的辛劳。这是一份多么美好的礼物啊。1

4)有时你无法记住说过的全部议论，因为电话是转瞬即逝的，而且不能像珍藏的信件那样，可以保存起来以备以后阅读。

5)很多成年人一直保留着多年前他们还是孩子时收到的几页纸，他们中的一些人还不管走到哪里都随身带着。是什么促使他们这么做的呢？答案就是欣赏。

6)利用一切机会表扬别人，因为这会使他们更自信，激发他们的积极性。这还会使你成为一个在他们的人生中有重要影响的人。

Unit3 Gender Difference.Enriching Your Word Power

1)B2)C3)B4)A5)C6)B7)B8)B9)C 10)B 11)C 12)A

2.Translation Practice

教室是男生的天下；即使在他们人数并不占多数时，他们仍占据老师三分之二的注意力。他们被允许取笑女生，他们作业做得马虎却受表扬，要是女生做这样的作业就得不到宽容。男生们已经习惯于做老师的宠儿。如果女生也受到相同的待遇，男生就会抗议，甚至扰乱课堂。

Unit4 Creativity

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)C2)B3)B4)A5)C6)A7)A8)C9)B10)A

11)B12)B

1.Translation Practice

1）一个具有独创性的人没有难题，只有发挥独创性的机会。（多里•勒特格）

2）我一直在做力所不能及的事，那是为了学会如何去做。（巴勃罗•毕加索）

3）存在是为了改变，改变是为了成长，成长是为了不断创造自我。（亨利•伯格森）

4）想要创造性地生活，我们必须不再害怕犯错。（约瑟夫•奇尔顿•皮尔斯）

5）创造性就是发明、试验、成长、冒险、犯规、犯错和游戏。（玛丽•卢•库克）

6）我总想着创新。我的未来始于每天清晨睡梦初醒之时。每天我都在自己的生活中找到富有创造性的事情来做。（迈尔斯•戴维斯）

Unit 5 AthletesEnriching Your Word Power

1)C2)B3)B4)B5)B6)C7)A8)A9)C10)A11)C12)C

1.Translation Practice

1)奥林匹克不仅是锻炼体能和承受力的学校，也是培养纯洁、道德高尚的学校。

2)现代奥运精神的总目标一直是促进相互理解，使世界各国一起友好而有效地合作。

3)通过各国相聚、通过给予人们互相认识和尊重的机会、通过建立友好的关系，使奥 林匹克实现了和平这一重要目标。

4)让我们为了生存而运动，而不是为了运动而生存；让我们记住与自己竞争胜过观看别人竞争。

5)一个好的运动员应该树立一个好的榜样，成为年轻人的行为榜样。一个好的教练应该树立一个好的榜样，成为年轻运动员的行为榜样。

6)奥运会最重要的精神不是获胜而是参与，正如生活中最重要的不是成功而是奋斗。最最重要的不是征服了而是努力奋斗了。

Unit 6 Risks

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)B2)A3)A4)A5)C6)C7)B8)C9)A10)B

1.Translation Practice

1)Promising new technologies can power our homes, factories and cars with cleaner, more efficient energy—cutting emissions while strengthening our economy.2)Indeed, unless we reach across borders and face threats to the environment together, the earth may be confronted with an ecological crisis, with half of all species gone, and our grand children enduring deadly floods, droughts and disease brought on by global warming.3)Our planet is a biosphere, which demands that nations work in global partnership to solve complex environmental problems such as the long-range transport of air pollutants and hazardous waste disposal.4)Risks are an unavoidable part of life.They stem from rare events such as earthquakes and fires or from slowly accumulating effects of exposure to hazardous conditions and probably cause loss of property, even loss of life.5)Only 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature.Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by man’s lack of foresight and planning, and by his carelessness and greed, for man is slowly poisoning his environment.Unit 7 College Life

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)A2)A3)B4)B5)B6)C7)C8)C9)B10)B11)C12)A

1.Translation Practice

1)理解、应用概念和记住那些考试一结束就会忘得一干二净的事实，这两者之间有着明确的区别。

2)尤其在技术领域，变化如此迅速，以致于我们从本科教育中所能期望的最大收益是学习能力的培养。因此，记住事实不如获取应用的能力。

3)对教授们来说，考试是评估学生掌握了多少知识的最为简易的方法，至少在比较大的班级是如此。

4)现实生活远非一场开卷考，它是一场你永远都无法完全准备好的考试，而且你根本无法补考。

5)在现实生活中，我们无法预测明天会发生什么，也不知道该准备些什么。

6)成功失败，起起落落，这些都是现实生活的特征，它并非如人们所猜想的那么容易。

Unit 8 Time

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)A2)B3)C4)A5)C6)B7)A8)A9)C10)C11)B12)B

2.1)with2)to3)on4)with5)from6)into7)of8)up9)with10)with

11)over12)for13)by/with14)to15)through16)on17)in18)of/from

1.Translation Practice

1)蛋白质由氨基酸构成，而氨基酸可以用来建造和修补人体组织。

2)根据在德国进行的开拓性研究报告，当人们被分成小组，一起置身于与光、温度、湿度等外部时间提示因素相隔绝的环境时，他们自身内部复杂的时间节奏无法（与外部时间）同步了；但他们的生物钟随后又恢复了相互间一致的同步节奏。

3)我们通过这些实验测试大脑的神经生物学模式，这种模式提供了大脑神经处理信息及接受刺激的方式。

4)行为科学家们长期以来一直认为这些差异是个人异常习惯或早期训练的结果。但这种想法遭到了内科医生兼生物学家弗朗兹•哈尔伯格称为时间生物学的一种理论的置疑。

5)温格特和同在国家航空和宇宙航行局工作的时间生物学家查尔斯•德罗西亚还就如何缓解飞行时差反应所带来的疲劳提出了一些建议：在出发前一周左右开始调整日常活动时间，使之与你到达目的地的时间安排一致。

Unit 9 Science and Technology

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)B2)A3)B4)C5)B6)C7)C8)B9)A10)A11)B12)C

1.Translation Practice

因为2000年和2001年连续的旱灾，2002年1月德比镇遭受了严峻的缺水问题。德比郡议会已经把解决这个问题放在首位，以便今后不再出现这种情况。郡议会早在90年代中期曾就在这一地区筑坝进行过调查，但是由于当时公众对调查结果不满意使计划受阻，需要做进一步的环境调查以确定筑坝对周围农场的长期影响。这一系列的调查已于2003年12月完成。调查结果显示对环境和经济没有明显的负面影响。2004年6月郡议会提议施行可行性研究的最后阶段，整个研究的结论和建议将在拟定于2005年1月12日举行的议会计划委员会会议上提交。这份可行性研究报告将帮助议会对改善该郡的水供应状况作出最后决定。

Unit 10 Satire in Literature

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)C2)C3)C4)B5)B6)B7)A8)B9)B10)A11)A

12)B13)B14)C15)C16)B17)C18)A

1.Translation Practice

Constantine Szobachkov 研究草原犬鼠已有十多年了。他把科研助手派到有草原犬鼠的地区。派去的人身高不同，衣着颜色不同，带的东西也不同，有的带着枪，有的牵着狗，有的空着双手。对草原犬鼠的每个叫声都加以分析，把它们相互交流的结构记录下来并探测出了它们交流的模式。Szobachkov说：

如同人类声音的波形一样，草原犬鼠声音的波形也有一定的结构。它们用叫声互相交流信息。一个叫声可以由数百个基本单位组成，有的类似于名词，有的类似于形容词。犬鼠的叫声里也有和声，叫声可以变化，变化的方式所有同类都懂。我们从9个不同的角度考察了它的波形。他们能区分人与狗，人们所穿衣服的颜色，人们的身高。

被问到犬鼠是怎样表示一个人的身高时，Szobachkov 说，叫声中某个系列的直线波形变成弧形就能表示身高。当以一定的方式改变这些（波形）时，就区别出了不同的高度。他认为草原犬鼠所掌握的词汇量超过其他任何动物。

第四篇：大学英语第课后翻译答案

1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work….3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight…….4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's……….1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。3)千万别说可能会被人误解的话。4)我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。6)体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。8)我相信比较高级的|(higher)|动物是由比较低级的|（lower）|动物进化而来|（develop from）|的这一学说。3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？ 1)在当地政府的领导下，村民们奋起应付由水灾造成的严重粮食危机。2)这个展览会很受欢迎，吸引着源源而至的参观者。3)妈妈上楼来查看我们这些孩子时，我转过身假装睡着了

完形填空：

一、1、bewildered

2、impressed

3、modest

4、profound

5、displayed

6、ambition

7、singled out

8、puzzle

9、capable

10、at ease

二、1、advertised

2、local

3、slim

4、apply

5、disapproval

6、consisted

7、attached importance

8、obriously

9、incommon

10、salary

11、praspect

三、1、action

2、obtain

3、humble

4、origins

5、go out of one’s way

6、conflict

7、acted on

8、own to

9、behind

四、1、surgical

2、confident

3、dwell on

4、emergency

5、sweat

6、competent

7、at one time or another

8、relax

五、1、moved in

2、waged 3.property 4.take a stand 5.drifted 6.trageday 7.prompt 8.impact 9.took to 10.get through to 11.run into 12.fussing 1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work….3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight…….4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's……….1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。

1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。3)千万别说可能会被人误解的话。4)我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。6)体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。8)我相信比较高级的|(higher)|动物是由比较低级的|（lower）|动物进化而来|（develop from）|的这一学说。3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？ 1)在当地政府的领导下，村民们奋起应付由水灾造成的严重粮食危机。2)这个展览会很受欢迎，吸引着源源而至的参观者。3)妈妈上楼来查看我们这些孩子时，我转过身假装睡着了 完形填空：

一、1、bewildered

2、impressed

3、modest

4、profound

5、displayed

6、ambition

7、singled out

8、puzzle

9、capable

10、at ease

二、1、advertised

2、local

3、slim

4、apply

5、disapproval

6、consisted

7、attached importance

8、obriously

9、incommon

10、salary

11、praspect

三、1、action

2、obtain

3、humble

4、origins

5、go out of one’s way

6、conflict

7、acted on

8、own to

9、behind

四、1、surgical

2、confident

3、dwell on

4、emergency

5、sweat

6、competent

7、at one time or another

8、relax

五、1、moved in

2、waged 3.property 4.take a stand 5.drifted 6.trageday 7.prompt 8.impact 9.took to 10.get through to 11.run into 12.fussing

第五篇：英语课后答案

Unit 1

TranslationUnit 1 P23

全球化本质上是国际层面上的融合，很多情况下，全球化使经济的融合，由商业活动和贸易协定所推动，在其他情况下，全球化也可以是意识形态的融合，是不同思想和观点在国家和地区之间的交流，但是无论是哪种情况，全球化都包含一个最重要的因素，即交际、有效的交际为个人提供所需信息，使他们能够作为消费者、工人和公民参与今天的全球化社会的活动，只有通过在全球范围内进行有效的信息共享，才能使诸如国际贸易政策到MP3文件传播的活动真正具有国际的本质。

在这样的交际框架下，使用权的概念尤其重要，也就是说，只有对重要信息具有使用权，人们才可以有效的加入到今天有关商品、服务和思想的全球市场中来，反过来，使用权经常依赖于提出和交流思想所用到的媒体和技术，事实上，就全球化而言，信息使用权所必需的媒体通常是电子媒体或者网络媒体，这些媒体之所以重要，就在于他们的快速性和直接性，它们使得个人可以在全球范围内发现并交流信息，比如说，电子邮件可以让一身处波士顿的人与住在北京的某个人快速便捷的进行信息交流，就像这个人在网络对面的某个地方进行交流一样。Unit 2

Case 1Unit 2 P40

There is a big difference between Chinese and American who is the decision-maker of the work.The Chinese usually work to compline the task according to what their boss or supervisor requires, while Americans, on the contrary, finish their jobs according to what they suppose is right.In this case, Li Hua completed his report within 16 days, faster compared with the actually 20 days, but later than it was agreed on.So the American supervisor got angry, which caused Li Hua's resignation.If I were Li Hua, I would tell the American supervisor the fact that I really had made great efforts to finish the report in 16 days though later than 15 days but faster than 20 days that is said earlier.Then, if the supervisor still felt angry and were not flexible would resign just as Li Hua had done.Case 2Unit 2P41

In Asia especially in Korea a high value is placed on harmonious personal relationship, while conflicts are every effort is made to be polite and non-confrontational.However, Jim comes from American where personal competence in dealing with matters is emphasized in spite of high focus on teamwork.On the other hand, American people are highly practical and realistic, they would think the earlier the problem can be discovered the better solutions can be sought.Therefore, when a problem was finally brought to Jim's attention, it was too late for there was no much time left to solve it.In this case, Jim felt exasperated because the problem discovered has left him no much time to solve it.For Jim, he is supposed to build a good intercultural communication, but what he should do first is to know Korean culture well.Koreans hold that American's directness in dealing with problems, efforts and even dishonesty is unacceptable.So from Jim himself it is much better to know Korean culture especially their strategy of saving face and losing face.Problems exist really, but if they are discovered earlier people concerned with the problem will lose face in terms of Korean's viewpoint.Case 3Unit 2 P41

Smiling in China means not only that someone is happy but also that he or she is sorry.It is very desirable for Chen Jie to make an apology with a smile, which indicates his humbleness and embarrassment.But for Peter, this smile does not mean the same thing.He regarded the smile not as a sorry but as smirking, a sign of disrespect.Then it is understandable that Peter refused Chen Jie's sorry.IN fact, this story comes from cultural misunderstanding between Chen Jie and Peter.An American thinks that a westerner in Chen Jie's situation would probably keep eyes lowered when making

an apology.And a westerner would expect the employee to look at him or her in the eye and definitely not to smile.It can not be more usual for people who make a mistake to say sorry.But if this situation takes place in the process of intercultural communication, things change.Chen Jie is supposed to know that the sorry he made is not to his Chinese natives but to an American, what he should do is that he would look at Peter in the eye when he made an apology.By doing so Peter will truly believe that the sorry he made came from his honesty.TranslationUnit 2 P52

“文化”和“文明”两个词在许多语言中的使用一直混淆不清，《韦氏完整版大辞典》对这两个词的定义也是相互解释的：“文化”即是文明中的一个特别的进步阶段或者状态；“文明”则是社会文化的进步。虽然“文明”一词有时仅指“先进的”或者“高级的”的文化，但是在普通以及书面英语里，一直是倾向于把这两个词当做近义词，总体上，这种倾向也反映在作为社会科学中的文学中，戈登威泽1922年写的人类学导论，书名就是《早期文明》。书中有关“文化”的全部引用索引都被归入“文明”一词之下，有些作者反复的使用“文化或者文明”或者“文明或者文化”这些措辞，萨姆纳与凯勒也遵循这种惯例，不过，两人至少在一个地方曾明确表示，二者在概念上仍略有差异，我们所称作的文明史社会调整，它构成了比先前文化更为复杂的聚合体。

Unit 3

Case 4Unit 3 P80

Just as many Americans believe that thirteen is unlucky, the Chinese have strong beliefs about good luck or bad luck associated with particular numbers.Four is the most negative number, since its sound is the same as the word death.Mr.and Mrs.Lin are obviously Chinese who are fully aware of the negative meaning of four.For the Lins to have death in their address would bode poorly for their future in this new house.Numbers have positive and negative values for the Chinese.Sometimes the sound of number word is the same as that of negative connotations, for example, seven is related to the notion that ghosts return seven days after death.Positive meanings are associated with other numbers: one for guaranteed;two for easy;three for life;six for happiness;eight for prosperity;nine for long life.Furthermore, combinations of certain numbers have significance--by placing a five, which by itself is neutral, in front of an eight, the good effect of the eight is cancelled.Similarly, the Japanese have a death associating with the number four as well.The number 666 has ominous connotations for some Christians who associate it with the mark of the devil.Among the Navajos, four is not only their sacred number, but when they are in a court of law, they do not answer a question until it has been asked four times.Case 5Unit 3 P81

Evelyn was unaware that her daughter-in-law was observing common Asian postpart..behavior: the new mom goes to bed for a month while everyone pampers her.Family members, and sometimes neighbors, take over cooking and cleaning when the baby needs to be fed, they bring a freshly change infant to the mother.In China, this practice is called zuo yuezi(sitting through the month).The woman must stay in bed behind closed windows, cover her head, and take many precautions to insure that she not damage her ability to produce breast milk.Once Evelyn discovered that her daughter-in-law was behaving in a customary postpartum manner, she relaxed her attitude.Sometimes what we perceive as negative behavior has roots in another paradigm.In American culture, the new mothers can do all the things Evelyn think Zen should do;while in some other cultures it is quite different.They give more physical support to new mothers, where family and friends assume household obligations so that the

new mom can rebuild her strength for at least one month after delivery.Case 6Unit 3 P81

The case illustrates a cross-cultural misunderstanding of a very subtle aspect of culture.How close an individual can get to another while talking is, to a large extent, dictated by one's culture? It is said that most middle-class North Americans choose a normal conversational distance of no closer than twenty-two inches from each other's mouth.However, for people of certain South American and Caribbean cultures, the distance is approximately fifteen inches, while still other cultures(in the Middle East)maintain a distance of nine to ten inches.The problem that occurred between the Latin American and New York policeman was that their respective cultures had different ideas about spatial distancing.The Latin American was attempting to establish what for him was a comfortable conversational distance.Unfortunately, the policeman felt threatened because his personal space, as defined by his culture, was being violated.Had either of them understood this cultural behavior difference, the breakdown in communication and the arrest could have been avoided.TranslationUnit 3 P82

既然有些跨文化交际的技能是所有文化普遍使用的，我们就可以有效地运用客位的（文化通用的）方法。但要制作一个具体文化的范式，我们也需要运用主位的方法。因此，为了准确描述文化差异，我们需要深入的调查我们打算与之交际的文化。理想情况下，通过主位的方法，不断提高差异意识，应该会产生我们与他人不同的观念，而不总是他人与我们不同的观念。培养人们对差异存在的敏感性是熟练进行跨文化交际的第一步。跨文化交际能力和具体文化交际能力应该被看做是两个独立的概念，二者同时其作用，共同促进特定跨文化交往的成功。为了获得对一个文化的最大认识而从该文化内部进行研究时，我们应该警惕任何文化差异，这些差异很有可能造成交际问题，但可能与任何外部范畴都不相符。我们要记住，文化不是静止的，而是活跃的，是不断发展和演化的。理想情况是，我们要学会在遇到任何不熟悉或冒犯性的语言或者非语言行为时，不要匆忙做出判断，而要问问自己，“这么做有什么用”

Unit 4

Case 1Unit 4 P99

It is sadly true that a lot of Chinese people would try the personal way when they feel that the official way cannot help them achieve what they want.To a very large event, knowing someone who is in charge means a big advantage, as the Chinese place a lot of importance in giving each other “face” by trying to accommodate the person in need.In this case, though Guangrui did not initiate the idea of calling Ms.Morim, he could not help thinking that it was Professor Stevens' personal relation with Ms.Morim that helped to convince her to change her mind about his project.Sure enough, such “help” is not given for nothing.Sooner or later, the person helped will have to return the favor in another form of help to the help.This has been an unpleasant practice that people have been trying to change.Ms.Morim agreed with Professor Stevens because he presented his(and Guangrui's)suggestions in a calm, rational approach.He had acknowledged her good intentions to help the project succeed, accepted the ideas he could, and made a reasonable case against suggestions that did not fit in with the project.While he felt comfortable calling her because they know each other, her change of mind was not made on the basis of their knowing each other.Instead, she agreed because Professor Stevens.....Case 2Unit 4 P100

....open to signify that nothing inappropriate is going on is as strange to a North American as the suggestion that they would need a chaperon.If Lan Lan did not know Kevin, or was concerned about her safety, she should not go to his room at all.Or if she

needed to speak with him, they should do it in a public place.Given the fact that they were colleagues who trusted each other and that their relationship was not romantic.Kevin would have no sense that Lan Lan would feel the need to keep the door open to protect her reputation.Nor would he think that anyone else had the right to be able to see the two of theme talking.The suggestion that if a man and a woman are alone together behind a closed door, something sexual is happening, is absurd from a Western perspective.For a very long time in China, tradition has it that it is not appropriate for a man and a woman to be alone together in the same room.Thus Lan Lan deliberately left the door ajar when she went into Kevin's room.Though she knew Kevin was decent man and would not try anything inappropriate, she still felt uncomfortable behind a closed door.All this may be old-fashioned, and young people are less likely to keep doors open when visiting, but there are still many Chinese who would do as Lan Lan did.Case 3Unit 4 P100

The idea of privacy is rather new in China, while people still have fresh memory of the time when they had little personal space.There have been times when consumer goods were in very short supply and people in line had to stand very close to one another to prevent others from cutting into the line.As a result, people have got used to standing close to the one before them.even when it comes to banking.They may not be interested in knowing other people's PINs, but their being too close poses a threat to those who want more space for peace of mind.The lack of privacy when banking is something Chinese resent but still put up with because it appears that the new ideas such as privacy need more time to sink in.some public places have posted signs that ask people to keep some distance from the person who is receiving service.“Personal space” is one of the cultural differences that people first notice when dealing with individuals from other cultures.North Americans prefer more distance than Chinese do.Some western Europeans, such as Scandinavians and Germans, like even more space.Differences in how close to stand are a source of discomfort or misunderstanding as frequently as are dining habits.TranslationUnit 4 P109

价值观是所有文化的另一个特点，对不同民族来说，价值观对于保持文化整体性是至关重要的，因为它们代表了对于延续人们生活方式来说最基本的品质，价值观和文化之间的联系非常紧密，很难在不涉及一方的前提下去谈论另一方，正如麦休尼斯所指出的，价值观从文化上定义了愿望、善良和美好的标准，这些标准形成了社会生活的广义指导原则，在关于文化价值观的任何讨论中，关键词都是指导原则，换言之，价值观帮助确立了人们应该怎样行为表现的原则，根据文化差异程度的不同，人们可以预期跨文化交际的参与者在相似的环境下可能会预见到、表现出不同的行为。例如，尽管所有文化都重视长着，不同文化中重视的程度却是很不相同。在韩国和美洲印第安文化中，人们高度尊敬甚至崇敬长者，进而向他们寻求建议，进行咨询。当然，与之形成鲜明对比的是美国文化，青年时重视的焦点。