美国大学英美文学专业TOP 10

第一篇：美国大学英美文学专业TOP 10

HarvardUniversity

申请截止日期为1月3日，学校不提供单独的文学硕士学位。国际申请者必须提交GRE和TOEFL成绩。学校每年都会收到数百名申请者提交的申请材料，而 录取新生的比例仅为5～7%。每一位被录取的新生均能获得至少4年的全额奖学金——除了学费全免外，每年还能获得17500美元左右的日常生活补助。网址：http://www.gsas.harvard.edu/

University of California—Berkeley

申请者必须具有学士学位，本科GPA成绩在3.0以上。申请者需提供学习纪录、个人陈述、推荐信和考试成绩。校方还很重视申请者的研究兴趣与教授研究兴 趣之间的吻合度，并考虑申请者的背景和生活经历是否对今后的学习和研究有利。除了GRE、TOEFL等标准化考试的绝对分数外，校方还看重GRE成绩(特 别是GRE General考试中语文部分)的相对比例，因此要求申请者能在12月之前参加完所有的考试。该校申请截止日期为1月5日，国际学生需交纳80美元的申请 费。

网址：http://www.english.berkeley.edu/

YaleUniversity

该校通常重点考查申请者的GPA成绩、GRE成绩、研究经验和与本校研究领域的契合程度。近年来大多数被录取的新生平均GRE成绩都在700分以上(特 别是语文部分)，TOEFL平均成绩为623分。申请者应至少拥有学士学位，本科GPA在3.0以上、研究生GPA 在3.5以上。申请TA奖学金的申请人必须提供TSE考试成绩，该成绩不得低于50分(满分60分)。该校的申请截止日期为1月15日，国际学生申请费为 60美元。

网址：http://www.yale.edu/

PrincetonUniversity

该校每年录取大约10～12名新生。在录取过程中，教授们主要注重评价申请者的英美文学专业背景。具体的衡量指标有：本科GPA成绩、GRE成绩等。此 外，学校非常重视申请者的文学研究经验，包括本科毕业论文和课堂内外参与的研究项目或研究经历。当然，申请时提交的Essay和推荐信也是重要的评估文 件。普林斯顿大学提供了在线申请的网址和PDF格式的表格供申请者下载，但学校已经不通过邮寄方式向申请者寄送纸质表格。申请费为：网上申请65美元，书 面申请105美元，申请截止日期为12月31日。

网址：http://www.princeton.edu/

StanfordUniversity

该校每年会收到大约300份入学申请，录取的新生人数在12～15名左右。录取委员会并未设置严格的选拔规则，但要求申请者表现出足以完成学位学习的才 能和品性。主要考查的因素有：学术背景、标准化考试成绩和写作能力等。被录取的新生通常拥有较高的标准化考试成绩(TOEFL笔考620分以上，GRE语 文成绩700分以上，GPA高于3.5)，而且其研究兴趣与本系教授的契合程度较高，能够迅速进入角色，帮助教授开展文学研究工作。申请该校的截止日期为 12月14日，申请费为105美元。

网址：http://www.stanford.edu/

CornellUniversity

申请者需要提交的材料有：完整的研究生院入学申请、个人陈述、英美文学系的补充申请表格、一份以前学校的官方成绩单、3封推荐信、GRE成绩(包括 General成绩和物理学Subject成绩)，国际学生需要提交TOEFL成绩。此外，英美文学系对申请者的TOEFL和GRE语文成绩有较高要求，一般被录取新生的TOEFL最低成绩为笔考620分，GRE语文成绩均在705分以上。该校的申请费为：网上申请70美元、书面申请80美元，申请截止日 期为12月15日。网址：http://www.english.cornell.edu/

University of Chicago

芝加哥大学英美文学系仅提供博士学位，每年系内招收的博士新生在10～15人之间。申请者需要提供的材料有：推荐信、学术背景证明材料、GRE成绩、TOEFL成绩(国际学生)、写作范例(Writing Sample)。申请时不能以LSAT或GMAT来代替所要求提交的GRE成绩。在最近3年中，入学新生的平均GRE语文成绩为712分，国际新生的平均 TOEFL成绩在623分以上，本科GPA平均在3.6以上。同时要求申请者提交10～15页的写作范例，该文章可以是课堂讨论的小论文，也可以是学位论 文的节选。申请截止日期是12月15日，申请费为55美元。网址：http://english.uchicago.edu/

ColumbiaUniversity

哥伦比亚大学英美文学系的申请者需要向校方提交的材料有：学士学位证明、申请表格、3封推荐信、以往所有就读学术机构的成绩记录、GRE成绩。国际申请 者即使获得了用英语授课的研究生学位，也必须向校方提供TOEFL成绩。博士新生入学的申请截止日期为12月15日，如果申请者通过学校网站进行在线申 请，申请费为75美元；如果采用传统的书面材料打印申请，则需缴纳90美元申请费。

网址：http://www.columbia.edu/

JohnsHopkinsUniversity

该校每年从约450名申请者中录取10～12人。尽管学校对申请者的GRE、TOEFL成绩和本科GPA不设最低分限制，但在申请过程中，教授们最看重 的三

个要素还是：GRE成绩(特别是语文部分的分数)、以往学习的成绩单和推荐信。此外，申请者过去的文学研究或创作经验也是非常重要的。申请该校的截止 日期是次年1月，学校在2月中旬至3月底之间做出最终决定。

网址：http://www.jhu.edu/

University of Pennsylvania

该校仅接受秋季入学申请，学校每年从400多名申请者中录取10人左右，申请该校的截止日期是次年1月。申请者须提交申请表格、个人陈述、成绩单、至少 3封推荐信。申请者需要参加GRE的General考试。国际学生还必须提交TOEFL考试成绩。入学新生的平均GRE语文成绩为706分，平均 TOEFL成绩在627分以上。

网址：http://www.upenn.edu/

对中国申请者的建议

目前国内很多学校的英美文学专业授课往往采取了“文学史+名著选读”的模式。由于学生被动地接受了教师的灌输，因而很难真正形成自己对文学作品的独到见 解。教师在处理名著选段时往往把大部分时间用在了解释句子和单词的意思上，导致很多学生虽然上了一两年的英美文学专业课程，却没有接触过一部完整的著作，这与美国大学英美文学专业的研究生入学要求还是存在着不小的差距。此外，很多该专业的同学实际上对文学并非有着浓厚的兴趣和研究欲望，因此在出国之后也面 临着专业和研究领域的重新抉择。

根据中国英美文学专业的现实，结合笔者多年的留学研究经验，对该专业的同学出国深造可给出以下建议：

1、如果你对该专业确实具有浓厚的研究兴趣、并立志将其作为终生奋斗的领域，可以在大学课堂所涉及的内容之外广泛阅读英美文学原著。由于美国历史相对较 短，知名的文学著作和作家也相对较少，因此要在本科阶段就加强专业领域的研究，同时不断尝试以自己的独特眼光来评价文学作品，力求创新。

2、如果你对该专业并非抱有浓厚兴趣，可以考虑在申请时转换专业方向。根据笔者经验，美国一些与国内英美文学专业学习相关的专业还是很乐意接受该方向的 学员申请，如地区性研究(特别是亚洲及东亚文化研究等)。如果学生在本科或研究生阶段已经选修了一部分外专业的课程、甚至已经获得了其他专业的第二学位，也可以考虑申请此方向。

第二篇：大学英美文学答案

1.Herman Melville’s ______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A.Billy Budd

B.The Old Man and the Sea

C.White Jacket

D.Moby Dick

In addition to his novels, _______ wrote about 120 short stories and sketches.Among them are Young Goodman Brown and The Minister’s Black Veil.A.Henry David Thoreau

B.Nathaniel Hawthorne C.Ralph Waldo Emerson

D.Herman Melville

______ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones” and that evil will come out of evil though it may take generations to happen.A.The Marble Faun

B.The Blithedale Romance

C.Young Goodman Brown D.The House of Seven Gables

Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? A.The Conduct of Life

B.Representative Men

C.English Traits D.The American Scholar

Which is generally as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism? A.Nature

B.Walden C.On Beauty

D.Self-Reliance

There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually on the Puritan soil.A.Unitarianism

B.Mysticism

C.Romanticism

D.Puritanism

“The universe is composed of Nature and the soul… Spirit is present everywhere”.This is the voice of the book Nature written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, which pushed American romanticism into a new Phase, the phase of New England ______.A.Romanticism

B.Transcendentalism C.Symbolism

D.Naturalism

Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book, of which the most famous and anthologized are ____ and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.A.A History of New York

B.The Pioneers

C.Rip Van Winkle

D.Leatherstocking Tales

Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809, titled ______.A.The History of New York

B.The Marble Faun C.The American Scholar

D.The Cop and the Anthem

In the early 19th century American moral values were essentially Puritan.Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did _____.A.Rationalism

B.Romanticism C.Sentimentalism

D.Puritanism

Which is the character who appears in the novel Moby Dick? A.Hester Prynne

B.Pearl

C.Mr.Hooper D.Ahab

Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne ______ in American literature.A.The transcendentalist B.The largest brain with the largest heart C.The American scholar

D.Father of American poetry

Nathaniel Hawthorne is a master of psychological insight and central subject of his major works is the human soul.Choose his short story from the following ones.A.Omoo B.Uncle Tom’s Cabin

C.Young Goodman Brown

D.The Pearl

The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan in ______.A.The Marble Faun

B.The Ambitious Guest

C.The Scarlet Letter

D.Young Goodman Brown

From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experience came his famous essay, ______ which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.A.Common Sense

B.Civil Disobedience

C.Walden

D.Nature

Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson? A.Self-Reliance B.The American Scholar

C.The Divinity School Address

D.Of Studies

Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?

A.Nature

D.The Rhodora

B.English Traits C.Nature

D.The Rhodora C.The Rhodora

D.Representative Men

B.English Traits C.Nature

D.The Rhodora

Form the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry.A.Being highly individual

B.Harsh rhythms C.Lack of form and polish

D.All of the above

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s first book _____ is the fundamental document of his philosophy, and expresses his constant, deeply felt love for he natural scenes.A.Leatherstocking Tales

B.Walden

C.Nature D.Daisy Miller

Choose William Cullen Bryant’s poem from the following ones.A.Voices of the Night

B.Ligeia

C.Song of Myself

D.Thanatopsis

In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced he best poet _____ to appear in America up to that time.A.Edward Taylor

B.William Cullen Bryant

C.Edgar Allan Poe

D.Philip Freneau

Choose Washington Irving’s works from the following items.A.Walden

B.A History of New York

C.Self-Reliance

D.Sister Carrie

In the 19th century America, Romanticism had certain general characteristics.Choose such characteristics from the following items.A.Moral enthusiasm B.Faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception C.Presumption about the corrosive effect of human society D.All of the above

Herman Melville’s _____ is not only an adventure story, but also a significant philosophical work on spiritual exploration.A.The Egg B.The Over-Soul

C.Nature

D.Moby Dick

A new _____ had appeared in England in the last years of the 18th century.It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the 19th century.A.Realism

B.Romanticism

C.Naturalism

D..Critical realism

Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the hash God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New England _____.A.Naturalism B.Transcendentalism

C.Humanism

D.Unitarianism

Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and _____, there arose a kind of teaching of transcendentalism in the early 19th century.A.Mark Twain

B.Theodore Dreiser

C.Henry David Thoreau

D.Herman Melville

Transcendentalists recognized ______ as the “highest power of the soul”.A.intuition

B.thinking

C.logic

D.date of the senses

_____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.A.Hawthorne

B.Thoreau

C.Whitman

D.Emerson

The appearance of The Scarlet letter marked the maturity of Nathaniel Hawthorne as a novelist.Soon he composed the other three important novels including _____, The Blithedale Romance and The Marble Faun.A.Walden

B.The House of the Seven Gables

C.The Prairie D.The Fall of the House of Usher

Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and Thoreau.A.Jefferson

B.Oversoul

C.Freneau

D.Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay The American Scholar____ has been regarded as “Americas Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.At 19 in 1802_ Washington Irving ___began to write a series of sketches or essays on the theatre and the New York society, using the name of Jonathan Oldstyle.__Herman Melville___is famous for writing stories about the sea and the islands of the Southern Pacific.In his masterpiece Moby Dick, he tells a story of a Whaling voyage which is set a symbolic account of the conflict between man and his fate.Herman Melville’s world classic novel Moby Dick was dedicated to _Nathaniel Hawthorne___, a novelist.Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named _Moby Dick___, which is, critics have agreed, one of the world’s greatest masterpieces.Ralph _Waldo___ Emerson was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England.The civil war of 1861~1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of__Slavery____.___Ralph Waldo Emerson__ was a great American Transcendentalist and revolutionary Romanticist, whose first book Nature is the fundamental document of his philosophy.In the early 19th century Rip Van Winkle had established __Washington Irving________’s reputation at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism.Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was _Henry David Thoreau___, a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his junior by some 14 years._Washington Irving___’s Rip Van Winkle is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main stream of life.27.The Transcendental Club often met at _Ralph Waldo Emerson____’s home in Concord.In The Pioneers, __Natty Bumppo__ represents the ideal American, living a virtuous and free life in God’s world.In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote The Sketch Book___which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.The first important American novelist was _James Fenimore Cooper___.In 1823 Cooper James Fenimore wrote The Pioneers, the first of the five novels that make up _The Leatherstocking Tales___.The remaining four books: The Last of Mohicans(1826), The Prairie(1827), The Pathfinder(1840), and The Deerslayer(1841), continue the story of Natty Bumppo, one of the most famous characters in American fiction.In 1845, Thoreau began a two year residence at _Walden___ Pond.The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is taken from Washington Irving’s work named___The Sketch Book___.Emerson’s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories, was Henry __David__ Thoreau._____Edgar Allan Poe__’s poems have the musical quality and romantic beauty.The Raven is his best-known poem.Published in 1823, _The Pioneers____ was the first of the Leatherstcoking Tales, in their order of publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature.Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, of which the most famous and anthologized is_Rip Van Winkle___.__Washington Irving__was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.__Washington Irving___was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War.Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809.It was entitled _The History of New York___.In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America.It was entitled Nature by _Ralph Waldo Emerson___.The way in which __Nathaniel Hawthorne__ wrote The Scarlet letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.The American Romantic Period stretches form the end of the 18th century through the outburst of the __Civil War__.To A Waterfowl is perhaps the peak of _William Cullen Bryant___’s work, it has been called by an eminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.”

Emerson’s first book in 1836_Nature___brought American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England Transcendentalism.The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is Natty Bumppo____, who goes by the various names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _The Scarlet Letter___.Herman Melville’s novel__Moby Dick__ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.The English author named _Sir Walter Scott____ was, in a way, responsible for the romantic description of landscape in American literature and the development of American Indian romance.His Waverly novels were models for American historical romance.Leaves of Grass, either in content or form, is an epoch-making work in American literature;its democratic content marked the shift from romanticism to realism, and its free verse____form broke from old poetic conventions to open a new road for American poetry.In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne brought out his masterpiece _The Scarlet Letter___, the story of a triangular love affair in colonial America..In Washington Irving’s work _The Sketch Book___appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.For the whole 19th century _Emily Dickinson___was the only woman poet who enjoys high academic esteem today.She has been acclaimed as a poet of philosophical and tragic dimensions, a poet who was responsive to the challenging questions of man, nature and human consciousness.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called__the Transcendental Club____.As a philosophical and literary movement, _____ flourished in New England form the 1830s to the Civil War.A.modernism

B.sentimentalism

C.rationalism

D.transcendentalism

第三篇：英美文学

Analysis of Robinson Crusoe

2009级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s

failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only

indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full

understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a

remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and

never lose hope.

第四篇：英美文学

术语解释：

Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:

1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI

1591The First part of King Henry VI

1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors

1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew

1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet

1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream

***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V

1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It

1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will

In the second period:

1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well

160416051606Antony and Cleopatra

1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens

1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre

In the third period:

1609Cymbeline, King of Britain

1610The Winter’s Tale

1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII

7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人)

John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1

out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻画人物。

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主人公鲁滨孙的成功刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏艰难和困苦，充满野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，顽强毅力和斗志，依靠自己的双手改变一切、创造一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以讽刺的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。Attack the Britain

parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on

surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express

Transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都是平等的。

Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between

mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏

Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否将你比作夏天？

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空，And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,转眼会云雾迷蒙。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘零，By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于无常的天命。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫发无损。

Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的诗中长存。

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。

二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美

Sonnet 29

When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘零，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于希望，Featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一样广交游，Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行，With what I most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头；

Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我正要这样看轻自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地

From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门：

For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。

赏析：对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter）.韵式，即abab

cdcd efef gg。

To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鸟 》

-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特

Whither, 'midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空灿烂，白日的行程就要结束；

Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤单的前程追逐？

总结：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are

going?

Vainly the fowler's eye看你远远飞翔而无计可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾；

As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你映衬，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。

总结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to

bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？

Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？

• 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?

There is a Power whose care有上苍把你关照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在无路的海岸为你指路，The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和无边的空际，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤单的飘荡不致迷途。

• 总结：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕动翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空气稀薄暴风寒冷，飞在高处，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。

总结：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就会结束这样的劳苦，Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即将找到你夏天的住处；

And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼唤自己的伙伴，Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。

• 总结：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will

end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身躯全被吞没，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深渊里，你踪影全无；

Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我将久久地久久地把它记住。

• 总结:I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,谁，从一个地方到另一个地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越无限的天空作必然的飞翔，In the long way that I must tread alone,也会在我必须独自跋涉的长途上，Will lead my steps aright.正确地引导我的脚步。

赏析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.

第五篇：英美文学

《英美文学》复习方法

一、找到《英美文学》的辅导书，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通车》等类型的汉语版辅导书。

二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读，理解了全书每个章节的内容和知识点；用汉语记录重点；

三、第一轮复习顺序：

1、先看英国文学，后看美国文学

2、按照时间顺序看，每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品

3、按照课本的章节顺序，看完汉语译文后，对照英语译文，划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题；评论部分是简单题和问答题；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看；记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。

4、按照章节划出重点信息，然后整理笔记；

5、全部整理完毕之后，基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。

四、第二轮复习顺序

1、找到历年真题，做题的时候对照答案，寻找该答案在课文原文中的原始线索，并作好整理记录；

2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后，对课本的重点知识就有了比较清楚的理解；

五、考前突击复习

1、依据真题笔记和第二轮复习的笔记，对不熟悉的部分进行重点复习。

2、根据以往考题的研究，旧题还会重新考，所以大家要关注所有做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性知识的部分，这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了，所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点知识网络，所以认真复习真题并理解消化，整理帮助记忆，这对于考试制胜是最好的办法。

*警告：千万不要抛开课本直接做真题；

千万不要死记硬背，而是要在理解的基础上反复读，抄写，默记；反复整理笔记，新的笔记只记录没有掌握好的，直到最后的笔记成为提纲式的。

〈高级英语〉复习方法说明；

一、对照辅导书，精读课文，做课后练习；

二、找来历年考试真题，认真做，查到答案在课本中的相关地方

三、认真复习真题，总结知识点；错题本，反复研究错题

四、回到课本，从头到尾认真阅读课文，全面复习重点知识点；

五、整理真题，再次复习错题；

*高级英语上下册32个单元，复习面积很大，所以必须早动手，狠下功夫。

祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成绩！