2014职称英语卫生类A级完形填空及译文

第一篇：2014职称英语卫生类A级完形填空及译文

2014职称英语教材-卫生类A级5篇完形填空及参考译文（红色为书中选项答案）

+11Migrant Workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tooutsiders to improve local facilities.the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastmoney in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage., the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each othersafety and comfort., many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlythe lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsproblems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem whichmigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents., migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of thefinancial benefits which they receive.+ 12Dreams

Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those whothat they never dream at all actually dreamas frequently as the rest of us,they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectlyof dreaming nightnight very seldom remember those dreams indetail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．

One of the world's oldestwritten documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you canthat dreams were believed to have a

special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that younever ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to returntime if the sleeper were suddenly.From ancient times to the present,people have beenattempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dreamthere are books．

+13

Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

German researchers havea new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionsudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesby disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at risk are patients who havesuffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingdisruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devicesa range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofblood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data The overwhelmingof patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs onlyinto account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making usea non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to showthe new software evaluates the data considerably better.+14YoungAdultsWho ExerciseGetHigherIQScores(新增)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ`and are moreto go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hopital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were

born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed theof both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear linkgood physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for thinking and verbal comprehension,But it is only fitness that plays a in the results for the IQ test,and not strength,”Being fit means that you also have good heart and lungand that your brain gets plenty of ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahogrenska University Hospital.”This may be one of the reasonswe can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analysing data for twins,the researchers have beento determine that it is primarily environmental facors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters whotheir physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.”This being the case, physicalis a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness testsnational service with the socio-economic status of the men latter in,Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.+15Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years

A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and theseare rising all the time.What has broughtthese changes? When we look at the lifeof people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatestof the time.In the early 20th century, these were the acute and ofteninfectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In theworld these diseases are fartoday,90 and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number ofshave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, whichbacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinationscommon diseases., people's generalhealth has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 butpeople do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and thoseby viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course, cancer is a huge

killer as well.In most cases these diseases affectpeople, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesitymore heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as “lifestyle diseases”，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.移民工人

在过去的20年，工人从一个国家到另一个国家的趋势越来越大。一些刚刚独立的国家把大部分工作留给当地人，这一点是可以理解的，而另一些却吸引和欢迎移民工人。中东地区的情况尤为如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多国家能够召集外面的人来改进本地设施。因此中东吸引了来自美国和欧洲的石油工人。它还从包括韩国和日本的许多国家引入了建筑工人和技师。

由于中东地区艰苦的生活和工作条件，吸引合适的工人的费用是很高的，这不足为奇。许多工程师和技师在中东至少可以挣到他们在自己国家两倍的收入，这是最大的吸引力。一个相关的好处是这里的税收低，或者根本就不收税。这增加了来访工人的净收入，而且很受他们欢迎。

有时一个劣势就有一个补偿的优势。例如，艰苦的生活条件常常导致更深的友谊，因为工人们为了安全和舒适必须互相依赖。同样，许多移民工人能够存很多钱，部分原因是因为那里缺少娱乐设施。工作通常是复杂的，而且充满问题，但是这会向那些更愿解决问题而不是在自己国家里做例行工作的工程师们提出更大的挑战。

影响中东的移民工人的一个主要问题是他们的工作是暂时性的。他们几乎都是合同工，所以要让他们很有信心地事前做出计划是很难的。人们希望这样，是因为没有一个国家欢迎大量的外国工人作为永久居民。无论如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一样接受这个不足，因为他们得到的是可观的经济利益。梦之闲话

人人都会做梦，也确实每个人睡觉都做梦。那些声称睡觉从来不做梦的人其实都有做梦，而且做梦的频次与其他人一样，只是他们从来记不住自己做的梦而已。即使是那些能清楚地意识到自己夜复一夜都在做梦的人也很少能够把那些细节都描述得淋漓尽致，能记住的也只是一些看起来毫无关联的印象与场景组成的一团混沌。梦境不仅仅是视觉的，我们做梦的时候会牵动我们的各种器官，所以我们在梦里似乎能够听到声音，能触摸到，还能嗅到气味，甚至尝到味道。

埃及的《梦幻书语》是目前世界上所发现的最早关于梦的文本记载。这本书大概5000年的历史，我们可以发现在那个年代，人们就已经相信梦特有的重要性。在很多古老的文明中，人们都坚信不能惊醒睡梦中的人，因为在睡梦中，人的灵魂都会离开身体，如果别惊醒，灵魂也许就不能及时回到身体里。

从古到今，人们就一直试图解析梦境以及其重要性。目前市面上就有很多关于解梦的书，遗憾的是，对于同一个梦，有多少本书就会有多少种解释。

13科学家探索发现心脏病的方法

德国研究者们发明了新一代的除颤器和旨在为心脏病人提供更多保护，使他们免遭心脏

停止导致的突然死亡的早期预报软件。

仅在德国每年就有10万人死于心脏停止。其中大部分是由于心律中断导致的。危险最大的是那些已经犯过一次心脏病的病人。几年来除颤器被证实在控测心律中止和在几秒中内实施自动干涉以调整心律的诊断中是有用的。这种方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗莱伯大学诊所的心脏病专家已经在内置除颤器方面取得了突破性成就。这种除颤器可以在体内产生六个频道的心电图。这个综合体系使血液流通总是和即将发生的心脏病可被早些诊断出来。今年它将第一次被植入病人体内。同时，凯瑟劳特的弗劳胡佛实用数学学院的研究者开发了一种新计算机软件。这种软件使心电图数据更加准确。

大部分有风险的患 者不能用内置除颤器，因此必须接受常规的心电图检查。“目前的许多计划只把数据的线形关系考虑在内。但是我们现在使用的是能够将心脏跳动的混乱模工作为一个直观而又复杂的系统提示出来的非线性处理方法”。海根·纳夫说，“这样心脏跳动频率的变化就会受到控制，而病人个人的特征也会得到考虑。”一个基于600位犯心脏病的患者的以前的心电图数据研究使科学家们能够比较两种风险，结果显示新软件明显能更好地处理心电图数据。

14运动的年轻人智商更高(新增)

瑞典哥德堡大学健康校医院的科学研究院和该校校医院的一项最新研究表明，身体健康的年轻人智商更高，进入大学学习的可能性也更高。

研究结果发表在美国国家科学院学报上。这项研究的取样样本是1950-1976年入伍的120万瑞典新兵。这些新兵们报到时接受了体能测试和智能测试，研究员对这两类测试数据进行了分析。

研究表明，健康的体能和优秀的智能测试结果之间的联系和明显的。最突出的就是科学思维和语言理解能力与身体健康有关。但是智商测试结果中只是健康在起作用，而与力量无关。“身体健康是指，一个人心肺功能好，能将充足的氧气源源不断地输入给大脑，”瑞典哥德堡大学健康科学研究院教授和哥德堡大学健康科学研究院校医院首席内科医师迈克尔·尼尔森如说，“也许这就是为什么智商测试结果与健康之间存在明显联系，而与肌肉力量无关的原因之一。我们还发现生长因子也很重要。”

通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论，智商差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，身体越健康，智商越高。

“我们还发现，在15-18岁之间加强身体锻炼的青少年往往认知能力也较强，”哥德堡大学健康学研究院研究员，ABY健康中心医师玛利亚·啊伯格说，“倘若情况果然如此，那么体院应成为学校中一门重要的学科，而且如果我们想要学好数学和其他理论科学，体育课是非常有必要的。”

研究人员还将新兵服役入伍报到时的体格检查和智商测试的结果与后来他们来生活中的社会经济地位进行了比较。那些18岁是身体健康的人学历更高，很多都能胜任高要求的工作。

15上世界人类平均寿命的变化

一百年前，发达国家的人口平均寿命约为47岁，到21世纪初，美英两国男性平均寿命为74岁，女性约为80岁，人们的平均寿命一直在延长。是什么造成这样的变化呢？在研究100年前人类的寿命时，我们需要注意当时的一些不治之症。早在20世界初期，这些不治

之症经常是像天花之类的急性的高传染病。许多儿童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年迈体弱的人也总面临着他们的威胁。

如今，这些疾病在发达国家已经远不能致命。这一变化归于许多因素，比如：环境及个人卫生的改善、抗生素的发现及使用（抗生素大大降低了细菌病的危险）以及常见疾病预防疫苗的接种。除此之外，更洁净的空气、更好的食物保鲜方法、更舒适温暖的屋子还有对营养的进一步认识，这些总的环境的改善也促进了人们的整体健康。

从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁。但尽管现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。现在困扰人们的是像心脏病、中风那些更为慢性的疾病，还有像流行性感冒和艾滋病那些通过病毒传染的疾病。当然，癌症也是一大杀手。上述疾病大多影响着老年人，但令人担忧的问题在发达国家日趋明显，如：肥胖症产生更多心脏病、糖尿病等其他疾病患者群渐成年轻化。

人们如果把这些疾病归为“生活方式疾病”，这意味着人们生活方式的改善有可能阻止它们的进一步发展。

第二篇：2018年职称英语试卷结构 - 卫生类完形填空

一、考试时间： 2小时

二、试卷结构及上课思路：

共计65道客观题组成。总分：100分.第一部分：词汇选项——15题15分；

（请大家带字典，每次课花15m)第二部分：阅读判断——7题7分；(讲解一。重点）

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子——8题8分；(讲解二。重点）

第四部分：阅读理解——15题45分；(讲解三。重点）

第五部分：补全短文——5题10分；

（不作重点，最后讲，花一节课时间）

第六部分：完形填空——15题15分(讲解四。重点）。

其中，最重点和最容易拿到分数的有3个题型：

1、词汇选项（职称英语考试允许带一本纸质词典）；

2、阅读理解职称英语考试一般规律三篇阅读理解文章其中有1篇可能来自于国家指定教材；（2018年真题中，综合类;真题中与课本完全一样的为第38篇why so many children? 课文与5个题目及备选答案连顺序都一样。

理工类;真题中与课本完全一样的为第43篇 forecasting methods,课文与阅读内容一样，但出题的题目及备选答案有变化，不与课本完全一致。

卫生类：

真题中与课本完全一样的为第45篇 DNA Fingerpring,课文与阅读内容一样，但出题的题目及备选答案有变化，不与课本完全一致。

3、完形填空题目可能来自于国家指定教材。（2018年真题中，综合类;真题中与课本一样的为第14篇family history。理工类;真题中与课本一样的为第13篇 better solar engery system:more heat,more bright。

卫生类：

真题中与课本一样的为第13篇 scientists develop ways of detecting heart attack。

三、考场查词技巧

1、对于词汇选项题，建议查词时最好从B)和C)答案查起，在A)、B)、C)、D)四个选项的情况下，往往B)和C)正确的几率较大。如2013年答案答案：1——15

adbda，caccb，cadbb。相比而言，b和c出现了四次。A和d出现了三次。因此我们建议在做词汇选项题时，遇到生词最好从B)和C)答案查起。这样如果能从B）或C）中找到答案可大大节省时间。

2、重点查阅单词的常用解释

我们都知道一个单词有时会有好几个意思。在这里我们告诉大家职称英语考试中一般都考察该词语的前三个义项为主。剩下的很多解释一般不会考察。

3、在确定了正确答案之后，不必为验证答案而将其他选项单词全部查一遍，以免浪费做题时间。

4、所查词汇要抓住重点，要学习根据上下文意思去理解，切记挨个去查。

5、四个备选答案都不懂的，先放在一块，选做完其他的再到回来查。

四、考试出题思路

（一）词汇选项(15分)

只从考试用书中出2~3个小题，其余都是从书外出

（二）阅读判断(7分)

此部分不从书中出题，因此不要硬背书中内容。短文后有七个句子，需要判断是A正确、B错误，还是C没有提到。

先不要看短文，要先快速浏览(短文后的)七个小题，先画出“信息词更加明显的题。按”信息词“快速回到短文，找到对应位置再加以判断。

（三）概括大意与完成句子(8分)

分为两部分，(1)概括大意：此部分不从书中出题，因此不要硬背书中内容。从短文后的方框中A—F六项里选出一项来概括所要求的段落。

先看A—F六项后概括所要求的段落，重点盯住段落的第一句或第二句，或最后一句。

(2)完成句子：此部分也不从书中出题，因此也不要硬背书中的内容。从短文后的方框中A—F六项里选出一项来接准5—8小题的尾部来完成句子。(a)先看5-8题的结尾部分，根据要求来选A—F的选项。(b)按照上(5-8题)与下(A—F选项)相通相顺来选。(c)将5-8题回归到原文中理解后，再选A—F项。

（四）阅读理解(三篇短文，每篇15分，共45分)

(1)从指定用书中出一篇，此分数一定要拿到。从书外出两篇，难度低于书中短文。从指定用书中出的一篇，注意：新增教材

(2)从书外出的两篇，要采取“查读法”来作，即：先看短文后的五个问题，画出“信息词”，快速按“信息词”找到位置再按要求作题。

（五）补全短文(10分)P222为例

此部分不从书中出题，因此不要硬背书中内容。短文中有五条线，也就是缺少五个句子。短文后有A—F六个选项，从中选出适合填补到短文中五条线上的选项。注意技巧，确保2个对4分，争取3个对6分。

（六）完形填空(15分)

从书中(15篇中)出一篇。注意+号的那几篇。特别注意空白处的“左”和“右”。剩下几天，注意背诵现有空格出的固定短语等。另外，注意先掌握+号的那几篇的中文意思。（以2018年真题为例）

“______”代表原来课本的空格，“()”代表真题的位置，总之，考试真题的空格会向前移动或向后移动。

卫生类完型填空

第十三篇 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack 【科学家探索发现心脏病的方法】

German researchers have __ 1 __ a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater(51)__ 2 __ sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually(52)a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases __ 3 __ by disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at(53)are patients who have __ 4 __ suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in(54)__ 5 __ disruption to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devices __ 6__(55)a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator __ 7 __(56)of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG.within the body.This integrated system allows(57)diagnosis of __ 8__ blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in(58)for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that(59)of ECG data __ 9 __.The overwhelming __ 10 __ of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this(60)undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only __ 11__(61)into account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making use __ 12__ a non-linear process(62)reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “__ 13 __ changes in the heart(63)over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based __ 14__ 600 patients who had(64)a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show __ 15 __ the new software evaluates the(65)considerably better.科学家探索发现心脏病的方法

德国研究者们发明了新一代的除颤器和旨在为心脏病人提供更多保护，使他们免遭心脏停止导致的突然死亡的早期预报软件。仅在德国每年就有10万人死于心脏停止。其中大部分是由于心律中断导致的。危险最大的是那些已经犯过一次心脏病的病人。几年来除颤器被证实在控测心律中止和在几秒中内实施自动干涉以调整心律的诊断中是有用的。这种方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗莱伯大学诊所的心脏病专家已经在内置除颤器方面取得了突破性成就。这种除颤器可以在体内产生六个频道的心电图。这个综合体系使血液流通总是和即将发生的心脏病可被早些诊断出来。今年它将第一次被植入病人体内。同时，凯瑟劳特的弗劳胡佛实用数学学院的研究者开发了一种新计算机软件。这种软件使心电图数据更加准确。

大部分有风险的患 者不能用内置除颤器，因此必须接受常规的心电图检查。“目前的许多计划只把数据的线形关系考虑在内。但是我们现在使用的是能够将心脏跳动的混乱模工作为一个直观而又复杂的系统提示出来的非线性处理方法”。海根•纳夫说，“这样心脏跳动频率的变化就会受到控制，而病人个人的特征也会得到考虑。”一个基于600位犯心脏病的患者的以前的心电图数据研究使科学家们能够比较两种风险，结果显示新软件明显能更好地处理心电图数据。

练习：

1.A come up B come up with C come up to D come up against 2.A to B for C with D from 3.A are caused B caused C are to cause D have been causing 4.A easily B readily C frequently D already 5.A disease-producing B health-improving C life-threatening error-correcting 6.A take in B take after C take on D take from 7.A capable B able C skillful D skilled 8.A chronic B acute C recurrent D persistent 9.A precisely B more precisely C precision D more precise 10.A maximum B minimum C majority D minority 11.A get B take C bring D fetch 12.A of B with C for D in 13.A Similarly B In this manner C Otherwise D In this way 14.A in B for C upon D with 15.A what B where C that D when

科学家探索发现心脏病的方法

D 德国研究者们发明了新一代的除颤器和旨在为心脏病人提供更多保护，使他们免遭心脏停止导致的突然死亡的早期预报软件。仅在德国每年就有10万人死于心脏停止。其中大部分是由于心律中断导致的。危险最大的是那些已经犯过一次心脏病的病人。几年来除颤器被证实在控测心律中止和在几秒中内实施自动干涉以调整心律的诊断中是有用的。这种方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗莱伯大学诊所的心脏病专家已经在内置除颤器方面取得了突破性成就。这种除颤器可以在体内产生六个频道的心电图。这个综合体系使血液流通总是和即将发生的心脏病可被早些诊断出来。今年它将第一次被植入病人体内。同时，凯瑟劳特的弗劳胡佛实用数学学院的研究者开发了一种新计算机软件。这种软件使心电图数据更加准确。

大部分有风险的患 者不能用内置除颤器，因此必须接受常规的心电图检查。“目前的许多计划只把数据的线形关系考虑在内。但是我们现在使用的是能够将心脏跳动的混乱模工作为一个直观而又复杂的系统提示出来的非线性处理方法”。海根•纳夫说，“这样心脏跳动频率的变化就会受到控制，而病人个人的特征也会得到考虑。”一个基于600位犯心脏病的患者的以前的心电图数据研究使科学家们能够比较两种风险，结果显示新软件明显能更好地处理心电图数据。

第三篇：职称英语卫生类AB级近义词汇推荐

职称英语卫生类AB级近义词汇推荐

decide – determine – make up one’s mind决定, 下决心

result – consequence – effect--outcome 结果

effect – realize 实现

realize--know – be aware of – be conscious of 意识到

think – guess – believe 认为

remember – memorize 记住

reason – cause--motive(B级)原因

cause – bring about 造成

obtain – get – gain 得到

certain – some 某一个的

certain – sure – positive – doubtless 确定的

employ--hire 雇佣

employ – use – utilize(A 级)--harness(A 级)使用, 利用

scare – frighten 使害怕

quickly – fast 很快地

at stake--in danger – in distress(B 级)处于危险之中

dangerous – hazardous(A 级)危险的

danger – hazard(B 级)危险

out of question – doubtless 毫无疑问的

out of the question – impossible – unlikely 不可能的

call for – ask – require – request--demand – insist on要求

call off – cancel 取消

call sb.up – telephone sb.给某人打电话

get up – arise 起床

raise – increase 增加

arrive at – reach – get to 到达

leave – depart(B级)离开

immediately – right away – at once 立刻

look for – seek for 寻找

look after – take care of – care for 照顾

look forward to – expect 盼望, 期待

look up to – respect 尊敬

lose – miss 丢失

offer – give 给与

discuss – debate – talk over 讨论

discussion – debate讨论

sympathize – feel sorry 感到同情

reject – refuse – decline – turn down 拒绝

though – although 尽管

beautiful – pretty – attractive – lovely--handsome 美丽的

famous – noted –distinguished – celebrated 著名的

dim – faint 模糊的

complete – finish – accomplish--fulfill 完成

dark – black 黑色的

darken – blacken 使变黑

adequate – enough –ample(A 级)–sufficient 充足的

mild – gentle 温柔的，温和的

strange – odd – abnormal(B级)奇怪的

surprised – astonished – shocked 感到吃惊的

surprising – astonishing – shocking 令人吃惊的

proper – appropriate 适当的

suitable – fit 适合的

fit – healthy 健康的

finally – at last – in the end – eventually – ultimately(A 级)最终的

put off – postpone – delay – defer(A级)推迟

end – finish – stop –cease--come to an end—terminated(A 级)停止

participate in – take part in – join in – be involved in 参加

now and then--occasionally 偶尔

constantly – continuously – endlessly 不断地

criticize--blame 批评

grasp – catch hold of 抓住

follow – understand – comprehend(A 级)理解

take …into consideration – take …into account 把…考虑在内

recently – lately 最近

tolerate – bear – stand – put up with – endure 忍受

abandon – give up 放弃

rescue – save 拯救

convert – change 转变，兑换

change – alter – vary – modify(B级)改变，变化

increase – add to – enhance 增加

remedy(B级)– cure – treat 治疗

practically – almost 几乎

accidentally – by chance – by accident 偶然

sometimes – from time to time – at times 有时

ready – prepared 有准备的

get ready for – get prepared for 为…做好准备

ready – willing 乐意的

rarely – hardly – seldom 很少，几乎不

usually – normally 通常地

normal – common – usual – average 通常的

suddenly – abruptly(A级)突然地

protect – preserve 保护

slight – a little 轻微的

harmful – damaging--bad 有害的

harm – damage 损害

hurt – injure 伤害

shine – polish 擦亮

deadly – killing – fatal 致命的

affect – influence – impact 影响

impartial(B级)– fair – just 公正的

extract – take out 拔出

repair – fix 修理

physician – doctor 医生

depend on – rely on – be dependent on 依靠

particularly – especially 尤其，特别

obvious – evident – clear – distinct 明显的

safe – secure 安全的

ensure – make sure – make certain 确保

pretty – very – rather – fairly 相当地

distant – remote 遥远的

important – essential – crucial 重要的

branch – division 部门

company – firm – concern – corporation – enterprise 公司

behavior – conduct 行为

steady – stable 稳定的

spare time – free time 空闲时间

accelerate(B级)– speed up – step up – pick up 加速

decrease(B级)– reduce – cut down on 减少

deficient(A级)– short 缺乏的

delighted – joyful – happy—glad--pleased 高兴的

accumulate – gather – collect 积聚，积累

speed – rate 速度

allocate(A级)– assign – distribute 分配

assignment – task 任务

order – direct 命令

childish(A级)– immature 不成熟的

foolish – stupid--dull 愚蠢的

empty – vacant – bare 空的

regardless of – despite – in spite of不管，不顾

unique – particular 独特的

as a result – in consequence 结果

on purpose – intentionally 故意地

pressing – urgent 紧迫的

problem – issue 问题

view – opinion – viewpoint – standpoint – point of view – notion – idea 观点, 见解

notion – concept – idea 概念

characteristic – feature 特征

be characteristic of – be typical of 是….所特有的

difficult – hard – tough 困难的

area – field 领域

area – region 区域

final –last 最后的

diploma – certificate 证书

pleasing – satisfactory 令人满意的

wish – hope 希望

massive – extensive – a mass of--plentiful大量的

conference – meeting会议

close – intimate--near亲密的

link – connect 连接

explore – investigate 调查

propose – suggest – advise--recommend 建议

cater for – meet – satisfy 满足

provide – supply – furnish 提供

collaborate(A级)– cooperate 合作

merge(B级)– unite – combine – join 联合，合并

come across – run into – meet 遇到

compel(A级)– force 迫使

appealing – attractive--fascinating 吸引人的

appeal to--tempt – attract – fascinate(A 级)吸引

temptation(B级)– attraction 诱惑

instruct – teach 教授(…课程)

confidential(A 级)– secret 秘密的

private – personal 私人的

vanish – disappear 消失

phase – stage 阶段

pattern – mode 模式，式样

destroy – ruin 毁灭

facilitate(A 级)– help – assist 有助于

manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造，生产

prior to – before 在…之前

for good – forever 永远

be anxious to do …----be eager to do…---be keen to ….渴望…

consolidate(A 级)– strengthen 加强，巩固

contaminate(A 级)–– pollute – stain(A 级)污染

depict(A 级)– describe 描写

write down – put down 写下

endeavor(B 级)– try – attempt 努力

annoy – irritate(A 级)使生气

annoying – irritating 讨厌的，令人生气的

tease(A 级)– make fun of取笑

laugh at – mock(B 级)嘲笑

boring – dull--uninteresting令人厌烦的

seem – appear 看起来

contented – satisfactory – satisfied 满意的

exhibit – show 展示

show – indicate 表明

hate – dislike – be tired of – be sick of 讨厌，不喜欢

terrible--awful 可怕的

precise – accurate – exact 精确的

concise – brief--short 简明的

deceive(A 级)– cheat 欺骗

elementary – basic – primary – fundamental 基本的

purchase – buy 购买

deal with – cope with – handle 应付，处理

forbid – prohibit(A 级)--ban 禁止

lawful – legal 合法的

orthodox(A 级)--conventional 传统的

unbelievable – incredible 难以置信的

industrious(B 级)– hardworking 勤劳的，刻苦的

indispensable(A 级)– necessary必须的

principal –chief--leading---main 主要的，首要的

employ – hire 雇佣

fire – dismiss – send away解雇

postulate(A 级)– assume – suppose 假定

on the verge of---close to 接近于, 濒临于

extinction(A 级)– die out 灭绝

gaze at – look at – stare at 凝视，注视

eligible(A 级)– entitled – qualified 有资格的

employment – work – job 工作

encourage – inspire – push 鼓励，激励

no longer – no more 不再

admit – acknowledge 承认

allow – permit 允许

state – declare – announce 宣布，声明

regret – sorry 遗憾的

remove – get off 脱下

start – begin 开始

complicated(A 级)– complex 复杂的

comply with(A 级)– observe – abide by(A 级)--stick to 遵守

previous – former 以前的

maintain – hold – think 认为

cause – bring about – lead to – result in 导致

error – mistake 错误

component – ingredient – element 成分

solve – settle 解决(问题)

probe(A 级)– explore 探查

involve – include 包括

numerous – a number of – a lot of – abundant(B 级)– plentiful 大量的, 丰富的

stay –remain 保持(用作半系动词)

rest – break 休息

account for – explain 解释

examination – test 测试，考试

examine – check up 检查，核对

gain – put on 增加

put up – lift – raise 举起

put up – build – construct 建造

foster – cultivate – cultivate(B级)培养

alleviate(A级)– relieve--lessen 减轻，减少

severe –serious--bad 严重的

severe – strict 严厉的

sharp– acute – severe 剧烈的(疼痛)

severe – hard-tough艰苦的

quit – give up – abandon放弃

subject – topic 话题

remarkable – exceptional – extraordinary – great – marvelous – striking – special – unusual显著的

uneasy(A 级)– worried 焦虑的

demolish(A 级)– pull down 拆毁

adverse(A 级)– unfavorable 不利的，相反的

courteous(A 级)– polite – respectful 有礼貌的

courtesy(A 级)– politeness – good manners 礼貌

insane(A 级)– crazy – mad 疯狂的

sensible –wise – advisable(B 级)明智的

clever – intelligent – wise – bright 聪明的

(be)exhausted –(be)tired –(be)worn out 疲惫

believable – convincing--credible(B 级)可信的

original – initial 最初的

original – creative 创造性的

competent – capable – able 有能力的

vigorous(A级)– energetic – dynamic(B级)精力充沛的，有活力的

follow–understand–comprehend（A 级）理解

take …into consideration – take …into account 把…考虑在内

recently – lately 最近

tolerate – bear – stand – put up with – endure 忍受

abandon – give up 放弃

rescue – save 拯救

convert – change 转变，兑换

change – alter – vary – modify（B级）改变，变化

increase – add to – enhance 增加

remedy（B级）– cure – treat 治疗

practically – almost 几乎

accidentally – by chance – by accident 偶然

sometimes – from time to time – at times 有时

ready – prepared 有准备的

get ready for – get prepared for 为…做好准备

ready – willing 乐意的

rarely – hardly – seldom 很少，几乎不

usually – normally 通常地

normal – common – usual – average 通常的suddenly – abruptly（A级）突然地

protect – preserve 保护

slight – a little 轻微的

harmful – damaging —— bad 有害的

harm – damage 损害

hurt – injure 伤害

shine – polish 擦亮

deadly – killing – fatal 致命的affect – influence – impact 影响

decide – determine – make up one's mind决定，下决心

result – consequence – effect —— outcome 结果

effect – realize 实现

realize —— know – be aware of – be conscious of 意识到

think – guess – believe 认为

remember – memorize 记住

reason – cause —— motive（B级）原因

cause – bring about 造成obtain – get – gain 得到

certain – some 某一个的

certain – sure – positive – doubtless 确定的

employ —— hire 雇佣

employ – use – utilize（A 级）—— harness（A 级）使用，利用

scare – frighten 使害怕

quickly – fast 很快地

at stake —— in danger – in distress（B 级）处于危险之中

dangerous – hazardous（A 级）危险的

danger – hazard（B 级）危险

out of question – doubtless 毫无疑问的out of the question – impossible – unlikely 不可能的call for – ask – require – request —— demand – insist on要求

call off – cancel 取消

call sb.up – telephone sb.给某人打电话

get up – arise 起床

raise – increase 增加

arrive at – reach – get to 到达

leave – depart（B级）离开

immediately – right away – at once 立刻

look for – seek for 寻找

look after – take care of – care for 照顾

look forward to – expect 盼望，期待

look up to – respect 尊敬

lose – miss 丢失

offer – give 给与

notion – concept – idea 概念

characteristic – feature 特征

be characteristic of – be typical of 是…。所特有的

difficult – hard – tough 困难的

area – field 领域

area – region 区域

final –last 最后的diploma – certificate 证书

pleasing – satisfactory 令人满意的

wish – hope 希望

massive – extensive – a mass of —— plentiful大量的

conference – meeting会议

close – intimate —— near亲密的

link – connect 连接

explore – investigate 调查

propose – suggest – advise —— recommend 建议

cater for – meet – satisfy 满足

provide – supply – furnish 提供

collaborate（A级）– cooperate 合作

merge（B级）– unite – combine – join 联合，合并

come across – run into – meet 遇到

compel（A级）– force 迫使

appealing – attractive ——fascinating 吸引人的appeal to —— tempt – attract – fascinate（A 级）吸引

temptation（B级）– attraction 诱惑

instruct – teach 教授（…课程）

confidential（A 级）– secret 秘密的

private – personal 私人的vanish – disappear 消失

phase – stage 阶段

pattern – mode 模式，式样

destroy – ruin 毁灭

facilitate（A 级）– help – assist 有助于

manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造，生产

prior to – before 在…之前

第四篇：职称英语卫生类AB级近义词汇推荐

职称英语卫生类AB级近义词汇推荐

decide – determine – make up one’s mind决定, 下决心

result – consequence – effect--outcome 结果

effect – realize 实现

realize--know – be aware of – be conscious of 意识到

think – guess – believe 认为

remember – memorize 记住

reason – cause--motive(B级)原因

cause – bring about 造成

obtain – get – gain 得到

certain – some 某一个的

certain – sure – positive – doubtless 确定的

employ--hire 雇佣

employ – use – utilize(A 级)--harness(A 级)使用, 利用

scare – frighten 使害怕

quickly – fast 很快地

at stake--in danger – in distress(B 级)处于危险之中

dangerous – hazardous(A 级)危险的

danger – hazard(B 级)危险

out of question – doubtless 毫无疑问的

out of the question – impossible – unlikely 不可能的

call for – ask – require – request--demand – insist on要求

call off – cancel 取消

call sb.up – telephone sb.给某人打电话

get up – arise 起床

raise – increase 增加

arrive at – reach – get to 到达

leave – depart(B级)离开

immediately – right away – at once 立刻

look for – seek for 寻找

look after – take care of – care for 照顾

look forward to – expect 盼望, 期待

look up to – respect 尊敬

lose – miss 丢失

offer – give 给与

discuss – debate – talk over 讨论

discussion – debate讨论

sympathize – feel sorry 感到同情

reject – refuse – decline – turn down 拒绝

though – although 尽管

beautiful – pretty – attractive – lovely--handsome 美丽的

famous – noted –distinguished – celebrated 著名的

dim – faint 模糊的

complete – finish – accomplish--fulfill 完成

dark – black 黑色的

darken – blacken 使变黑

adequate – enough –ample(A 级)–sufficient 充足的

mild – gentle 温柔的，温和的

strange – odd – abnormal(B级)奇怪的

surprised – astonished – shocked 感到吃惊的

surprising – astonishing – shocking 令人吃惊的

proper – appropriate 适当的

suitable – fit 适合的

fit – healthy 健康的

finally – at last – in the end – eventually – ultimately(A 级)最终的

put off – postpone – delay – defer(A级)推迟

end – finish – stop –cease--come to an end—terminated(A 级)停止

participate in – take part in – join in – be involved in 参加

now and then--occasionally 偶尔

constantly – continuously – endlessly 不断地

criticize--blame 批评

grasp – catch hold of 抓住

follow – understand – comprehend(A 级)理解

take …into consideration – take …into account 把…考虑在内

recently – lately 最近

tolerate – bear – stand – put up with – endure 忍受

abandon – give up 放弃

rescue – save 拯救

convert – change 转变，兑换

change – alter – vary – modify(B级)改变，变化

increase – add to – enhance 增加

remedy(B级)– cure – treat 治疗

practically – almost 几乎

accidentally – by chance – by accident 偶然

sometimes – from time to time – at times 有时

ready – prepared 有准备的

get ready for – get prepared for 为…做好准备

ready – willing 乐意的

rarely – hardly – seldom 很少，几乎不

usually – normally 通常地

normal – common – usual – average 通常的

suddenly – abruptly(A级)突然地

protect – preserve 保护

slight – a little 轻微的

harmful – damaging--bad 有害的

harm – damage 损害

hurt – injure 伤害

shine – polish 擦亮

deadly – killing – fatal 致命的

affect – influence – impact 影响

impartial(B级)– fair – just 公正的

extract – take out 拔出

repair – fix 修理

physician – doctor 医生

depend on – rely on – be dependent on 依靠

particularly – especially 尤其，特别

obvious – evident – clear – distinct 明显的

safe – secure 安全的

ensure – make sure – make certain 确保

pretty – very – rather – fairly 相当地

distant – remote 遥远的

important – essential – crucial 重要的

branch – division 部门

company – firm – concern – corporation – enterprise 公司

behavior – conduct 行为

steady – stable 稳定的

spare time – free time 空闲时间

accelerate(B级)– speed up – step up – pick up 加速

decrease(B级)– reduce – cut down on 减少

deficient(A级)– short 缺乏的

delighted – joyful – happy—glad--pleased 高兴的

accumulate – gather – collect 积聚，积累

speed – rate 速度

allocate(A级)– assign – distribute 分配

assignment – task 任务

order – direct 命令

childish(A级)– immature 不成熟的

foolish – stupid--dull 愚蠢的

empty – vacant – bare 空的

regardless of – despite – in spite of不管，不顾

unique – particular 独特的

as a result – in consequence 结果

on purpose – intentionally 故意地

pressing – urgent 紧迫的

problem – issue 问题

view – opinion – viewpoint – standpoint – point of view – notion – idea 观点, 见解

notion – concept – idea 概念

characteristic – feature 特征

be characteristic of – be typical of 是….所特有的

difficult – hard – tough 困难的

area – field 领域

area – region 区域

final –last 最后的

diploma – certificate 证书

pleasing – satisfactory 令人满意的

wish – hope 希望

massive – extensive – a mass of--plentiful大量的

conference – meeting会议

close – intimate--near亲密的

link – connect 连接

explore – investigate 调查

propose – suggest – advise--recommend 建议

cater for – meet – satisfy 满足

provide – supply – furnish 提供

collaborate(A级)– cooperate 合作

merge(B级)– unite – combine – join 联合，合并

come across – run into – meet 遇到

compel(A级)– force 迫使

appealing – attractive--fascinating 吸引人的

appeal to--tempt – attract – fascinate(A 级)吸引

temptation(B级)– attraction 诱惑

instruct – teach 教授(…课程)

confidential(A 级)– secret 秘密的

private – personal 私人的

vanish – disappear 消失

phase – stage 阶段

pattern – mode 模式，式样

destroy – ruin 毁灭

facilitate(A 级)– help – assist 有助于

manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造，生产

prior to – before 在…之前

for good – forever 永远

be anxious to do …----be eager to do…---be keen to ….渴望…

consolidate(A 级)– strengthen 加强，巩固

contaminate(A 级)–– pollute – stain(A 级)污染

depict(A 级)– describe 描写

write down – put down 写下

endeavor(B 级)– try – attempt 努力

annoy – irritate(A 级)使生气

annoying – irritating 讨厌的，令人生气的

tease(A 级)– make fun of取笑

laugh at – mock(B 级)嘲笑

boring – dull--uninteresting令人厌烦的

seem – appear 看起来

contented – satisfactory – satisfied 满意的

exhibit – show 展示

show – indicate 表明

hate – dislike – be tired of – be sick of 讨厌，不喜欢

terrible--awful 可怕的

precise – accurate – exact 精确的

concise – brief--short 简明的

deceive(A 级)– cheat 欺骗

elementary – basic – primary – fundamental 基本的

purchase – buy 购买

deal with – cope with – handle 应付，处理

forbid – prohibit(A 级)--ban 禁止

lawful – legal 合法的

orthodox(A 级)--conventional 传统的

unbelievable – incredible 难以置信的

industrious(B 级)– hardworking 勤劳的，刻苦的

indispensable(A 级)– necessary必须的

principal –chief--leading---main 主要的，首要的

employ – hire 雇佣

fire – dismiss – send away解雇

postulate(A 级)– assume – suppose 假定

on the verge of---close to 接近于, 濒临于

extinction(A 级)– die out 灭绝

gaze at – look at – stare at 凝视，注视

eligible(A 级)– entitled – qualified 有资格的

employment – work – job 工作

encourage – inspire – push 鼓励，激励

no longer – no more 不再

admit – acknowledge 承认

allow – permit 允许

state – declare – announce 宣布，声明

regret – sorry 遗憾的

remove – get off 脱下

start – begin 开始

complicated(A 级)– complex 复杂的

comply with(A 级)– observe – abide by(A 级)--stick to 遵守

previous – former 以前的

maintain – hold – think 认为

cause – bring about – lead to – result in 导致

error – mistake 错误

component – ingredient – element 成分

solve – settle 解决(问题)

probe(A 级)– explore 探查

involve – include 包括

numerous – a number of – a lot of – abundant(B 级)– plentiful 大量的, 丰富的

stay –remain 保持(用作半系动词)

rest – break 休息

account for – explain 解释

examination – test 测试，考试

examine – check up 检查，核对

gain – put on 增加

put up – lift – raise 举起

put up – build – construct 建造

foster – cultivate – cultivate(B级)培养

alleviate(A级)– relieve--lessen 减轻，减少

severe –serious--bad 严重的

severe – strict 严厉的

sharp– acute – severe 剧烈的(疼痛)

severe – hard-tough艰苦的

quit – give up – abandon放弃

subject – topic 话题

remarkable – exceptional – extraordinary – great – marvelous – striking – special – unusual显著的

uneasy(A 级)– worried 焦虑的

demolish(A 级)– pull down 拆毁

adverse(A 级)– unfavorable 不利的，相反的

courteous(A 级)– polite – respectful 有礼貌的

courtesy(A 级)– politeness – good manners 礼貌

insane(A 级)– crazy – mad 疯狂的

sensible –wise – advisable(B 级)明智的

clever – intelligent – wise – bright 聪明的

(be)exhausted –(be)tired –(be)worn out 疲惫

believable – convincing--credible(B 级)可信的

original – initial 最初的

original – creative 创造性的

competent – capable – able 有能力的

vigorous(A级)– energetic – dynamic(B级)精力充沛的，有活力的

第五篇：2014年职称英语卫生类A级答案-完型填空

More about Alzheimer's Disease

Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease1 and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.' The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.“ Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages2，” said Patricia Grady，acting director3 of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland.“This

discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”

Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause4 of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone5.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function，and eventually causes death.6 There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer' s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that7 Alzheimer's results from physiological changes

throughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation8.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for9 growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.10