第一篇：假期作业必修五unit3复习
高二寒假作业《必修五Unit4》（1300）
设计人： 李莉审核人：高二英语组序号：3
Ⅰ单词拼写：将答案写在后面的横线上。
1．We are____(乐观的)that the mainland and Taiwan will unify in the near future.__________
2．He can hardly find a job, because he has no____(先前的)experience of this kind of job._____yearAD3008.Duringthejourneyinatimecapsule,he_______(suffer)from “time lag”.On 5.Too many carriages flew by to all directions.6.So far nobody has claimed the money discovering in the library.7.It is quick, efficient and environmental friendly.VI．短文填空：根据短文填入适当词，使短文意思连贯语句通顺。
Li Qiang is now ______(take)up the prize_____ he won last year and has travelled to the
3．The people in Iraq lived a hard life, because it was______(不断地)hit by war.____________ 4．The________(周围的)scenery is very beautiful.____________
5．The project failed due to________(缺乏)of money.____________
6．The little baby was _____(desert)by her parents.____________
7．He________(带领)us through the narrow streets to the central mosque.____________ 8．She caught his eyes for an________(瞬间)．____________
9．His wonderful speech made a strong_______(印象)on his audience.____________
10．The workers and the boss have reached a___(settle)over new working conditions.________ Ⅱ 完成句子： 1.我已经从事教育工作二十年了。I have been __________ __________ teaching for twenty years.2.他承认缺乏资格。He recognized his __________ __________ qualifications.3.When he got there, he ________ ________ ________(看见)the ship on the sea
4.Quickly we __________ __________(溜进)the brush and then watched.5.天刚亮，他就起来扫街了。He got up at first light to _______ _______the road.Ⅲ 句型转换：
1.I knew he was the man the police were looking for immediately I saw him._____ _____ I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for.2.He became completely well after taking some pills.He was _____ _____ _____ _____ after taking some pills.3.His mother thought he lacked confidence.His mother thought he _____ _____ confidence.4.You cannot be too careful while you are crossing the street.______ ________ the street, you cannot be too careful.5.Though he was wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.______, the brave soldier continued to fight.Ⅴ单句改错：(注意改错格式)
1.Worrying about the journey , I was unsettled for the first few days.2.“Time lag” is similar with the “jet lag”.3.Burying in the book, he didn’t hear the sound.4.Facing with so many challenges, Yang Guang didn’t give up.arriving the year AD3008, his head ached for the ______（lack）of fresh air.With ________（help）of the mask _______(hand)by Wang Ping and after a short rest in a small room , he was back _____ his feet again.__________, he lost sight of Wang Ping when they reached ______ looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by ______ all directions.VII 七选五
Have you ever tried to hold your breath for a long time and then let it out slowly? For
thousands of years, people have used Yoga to help search for happiness and contentment.Students of Yoga often study for as long as 20 years before becoming masters, or Yogis.These exercises are designed to put the students in good Physical condition.Then they can concentrate on deep religious thoughts without worrying about physical discomforts.Many Yoga exercises involve putting the body into difficult positions.Some of them are very hard to learn.But Yogis train themselves to remain in a certain position for hours or even days.They are taught to overcome the physical discomforts of holding these positions.Other exercises and rules teach concentration.This kind of concentration is called meditation(冥想).They claim that it makes them feel relaxed and peaceful.Some people say that it makes
them feel better---just as good exercise does.But other people claim that it is a way of
achieving a strong religious feeling.The word Yoga itself comes from an ancient Saqgkrit word meaning “union”.What kind of union do you think the word refers to? Why would people want to have this kind of experience?A.They learn many different physical exercises.B.Because most yogis believe in God.C.Yogis feel this is the key to finding inner peace.D.Meditation is a state that one feels peace in his mind.E.These people say that meditation helps them feel much closer to God.F.This is one of the techniques of an ancient Indian discipline known as Yoga.G.Yogis and many other people practice meditation.
第二篇：必修五Unit 1 Great Scientists(教案)（本站推荐）
Unit 1 Great Scientists(教案)Teaching aims and demands: Topic how to organize scientific research : contributions of scientists.useful words and expressions engine characteristic radium theory scientific examine conclude conclusion analyse repeat defeat attend expose cure control absorb severe valuable pump pub blame immediately handle addition link announce instruct virus construction contribute positive strict movement god God backward complete spin enthusiastic cautious reject view steam engine , put forward , draw a conclusion , in addition , link…to , apart from ,(be)strict with , lead to , make sense , point of view Functions: Describing people: characteristics and qualities How will I recognize you? You can recognize me because… What will you wear? I will wear a…
What do you look like? What special features do you have? I’m tall/short, fat/ thin, young/old… How will I know you? I have large/ small, brown/ green / black eyes with… Grammar The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative So many thousands of terrified people died.{Attribute} But he became inspired when he…{Predicative}
Teaching procedure: Period 1 Step 1 lead in Ask the Ss to answer the following question: Do you know any scientists?(Ss say some scientists.Such as : Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790, Qian Xuesen , Liu Zhenxing , Hawking, Mendeleev……)
Step 2 action 1.Ask the Ss some to introduce some scientists by his / her own word by the next question Can you remember their names and their scientific achievements? 2.Help the Ss to finish the introduction.Step 3.Group work Four Ss in a group and finish the chart in warming up in page 1.Step 4.pre-reading Ask the Ss the following Qs”
what do you know about infectious diseases such as cholera ? do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?(Ask the Ss to guess the correct orders of the steps on page 1..)
step 5.read the new words of this unit
Step 6.assignment and home work prepare the text
(7 Draw a conclusion 3 Think of a method 4Collect results Make up a question 1Find a problem
5Analyse the results
6.Repeat if necessary)2.Check the pronunciation of some new words.Step2.Scanning Read the passage quickly and put the correct stages into the reading about research into a disease.Find a problem:: John Snow was a well-known doctor in London…until its cause was found.Make up a question: He got interested in the two theories…and soon the affected person was dead.Think of a method: He believed in the second theory but…so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.Collect results: He determined to find out why… It seemed the water was to blame.Analyse the results: Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets…that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.Repeat if necessary: In addition, he found…that polluted water carried the disease.Draw a conclusion: To prevent this from happening again,…not to expose people to polluted water anymore.Step 3.Careful reading 1.Ask the Ss to read the text carefully and then finish the chart in Ex.1 on page 3.Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera.The cause Idea 1: strange cloud in the air that attacked victims.Idea 2: people absorbed the disease with their meals.The method
Collect data from the next cholera attack to test theories.Try to prove which method was correct.The results
He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.Idea 1 or 2? Why?
Idea 2.Because the data showed a connection with the water.The conclusion John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.Step 4.Further Discussion 1.Cholera was a 19th century disease.What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? Why? 2.Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.Step 5.assignment and home work Finish Ex 2 on page 3 after class.Period 3 Step 1.Revision
Check the Ss’ homework
Step 2.Discussion What qualities do you think a scientist should have according to the text ? Such as : Good observation , Patient, Clever and strict, Creative, Careful, Strong Perseverance, determination
Step 3.Language Points 1.Doctor John Snow was so famous that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰斯诺太富盛名了，以致于维多利亚女王生孩子时都是他去照料，帮助她顺利分娩。attend vt.vi.to be present at;go to(meeting, conference, lecture„)出席，参加 He decided to attend the meeting himself.他决定亲自赴会。2)to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护
Which doctor is attending(to)you? 哪位医生护理你？ attendance
n.1)the act of attending 照顾
There is a doctor in attendance.有一位医生照顾。2)the number of people present 出席人数
There was a large attendance at the concert.音乐会听众很多。
2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。expose to
暴露；受到风险
Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long.You’ll get sunburned.别在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤。
It’s very dangerous to be exposed to these viruses without any protection.不加任何保护，直接暴露在这些病毒下是十分危险的。
3.He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源前，疫情是无法控制的。
control
v.to have power over, rule, direct
统治，控制
You are trying to control me as though I were your slave.你是想把我当作你的奴隶控制。The government tries its best to control prices.政府努力控制物价。He cannot control his anger.他无法抑制自己的愤怒情绪。n.统治，控制，掌握
1)lose control of / be(go)out of control
失去控制
The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.司机失去控制，车撞到树上。The car was out of control and ran into a wall.车失去控制，撞到了墙上。2)in control of
在„„控制下
Mr Brown is in control of the money.布朗先生管理钱财。3)under the control of 被„„控制着
This money is under the control of Mr Brown.钱财由一位布朗先生掌管。
4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。
suggest经常有“建议”的意思，但在这个句子里的意思是“暗示，间接表明”。The disorganized meeting suggestedbad preparation.混乱的会场表明准备工作很差。absorb
vt.& vi.1)to take or suck in(liquids)吸收 A sponge absorbs water.海绵吸水。absorb„into„
吸收
The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。
2)to take in(knowledge, ideas)专心于
The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale.这个小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。
5.In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.此外，他还发现伦敦另一个地区有两个死亡病例都与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联。
in addition(to)此外（还）
In addition, the course also provides practical experience.此外，这门课程还提供了实践的经验。We saw a Micky Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie.我们除了西部牛仔片之外还看了一个米老鼠动画片。
link...to„
把„„与„„连接；联系
Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪行为。
6.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty
that polluted water carried the disease.有了这个证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病毒。announce
v.1)to make known publicly 发表、告知、宣布„„
The government announced its new economic policies.政府发布了新的经济政策。The news was announced to the public on TV.这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。2)to state in a loud voice(the name of a person or thing on arrival, as of people at a party or aircraft at an airport)宣布（客人的名字、到达等）
His servant announced Mr and Mrs White.他的仆人通报怀特夫妇驾临。3)to make clearly known
（事情）显示„„；预告 Warm sunshine announces the coming
of spring.温暖的阳光预示春天即将来到。
7.To prevent this form happening again, John Snow suggested that the source
of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测，而且要寻找处理污水的新方法。
suggest在此句中是“建议”的意思，它的句型是suggest(that)sb.(should)do sth.I suggested that he should give up smoking.我建议他戒烟。
The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week.主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。suggest后面还可以接-ing形式或名词。
Kane suggested leaving early for the airport.凯恩提议早些出发去机场。
8.Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语。
apart from
除„„之外，相当于besides, in addition to。
What do you study apart from English? 除英语外，你还学些什么？
Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.除了作为一种有趣而且有益的运动外，游泳还是一项很有用的技能。
Step 4.assignment and home work Ask the Ss to do the Exs on page 36
Period 4 Step 1.Revision 1.Review some language points in the text.2.Review the new words of unit 1
Step 2 check Ex 1 of discovering useful words and expressions Ask some Ss read the passage sentence by sentence.Ex.1: examined
put forward exposed cure immediately
look into announced instruct valuable
Step 3 check Ex 1 of discovering useful words and expressions
Ex.2: make a telephone call
make a decision make a plan
make a contribution make a speech
make a noise make a change
make a description
Step 3.exercise Ask some Ss to tell the meaning of the phrases in Ex 3.Ask the Ss to make sentences with each of phrases.Step 4.assignment and home work
Prepare Discovering useful structures on page 4.Period 5 Step 1.lead-in look at the sentences where the past participle is used in Discovering useful structures, Ex 1 on page 4.ask the Ss to find more examples in the reading passage.Step 2.Grammar study 一.过去分词做表语和定语 过去分词作表语
1．过去分词可以置于系动词后做表语。常用的系动词有be, get, become, grow，seem，turn，remain，appear，feel，look，sound等。
e.g.The whole world were shocked at the news of Israel’s killing Yassin，the founder and spiritual leader of Hamas.听到以色列杀害哈马斯创始人和精神领袖亚辛的消息，全世界都为之震惊。
The case seems（to be)connected with some big shot.这个案子好像与某个大人物有关。
2.常用作表语的过去分词有：
interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished，surprised，frightened，excited，moved，inspired，tired，worried，hurt，crowded，gone，broken，dressed，wounded，pleased等。
3.及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。
e.g.The cup is broken.茶杯破了。
4.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。
e.g.He is retired.他已退休。
5.有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。e.g.The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山。
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。
系表结构与被动语态的区别。“be＋过去分词”可能是系表结构，也可能是被动语态，区别如下：
系表结构
强调状态 at，with，in等介词()ur car got trapped in the mud．
被动语态
强调动作 by短语表动作执行者 More than 200 people were trapped in the building by the fire．
(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）
(2)The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing 形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用-ing 形式来修饰物。
(3)The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。
1.过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
2.过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
e.g.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。
e.g.The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
二.现在分词和过去分词用法之异同（1）
现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：
过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；
而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。
这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：
一、分词作定语 共同点：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
过去分词和现在分词都可以做定语，区别如下：
所修饰的 中心词
及物动词的分词
不及物动词的分词
过去分词
多为人 表被动意义，意为“„„的” spoken English，the excited students 表示分词的动作已经完成 fallen leaves(落叶)boiled water(开水)
现在分词 多为事物 表主动意义，意为“令人„„的" English—speaking countries，exciting news 表示分词的动作正在进行 falling leaves(正在飘落的树叶)boiling water(正在沸腾的水)
二、分词作表语
共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。
不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
过去分词和现在分词都可以做表语，区别如下：
主语
意义
备注
过去分词
人 人所处的状态或对某事的感觉
被动意义
现在分词
事物 事物的特征，意思是“令人„„的”
主动意义
Step 3.Exercises ask the Ss to complete the table with phrases tha have the same meaning in Ex 2 on page 5 and check the answer for them.ask the Ss to complete the table with phrases tha have the same meaning in Ex 3 on page 5 and check the answer for them.Step 4.assignment and homework Do more exercise about the past participle used as the Attribute and the Predicative
Period 6 Step 1.Warming up Ask the Ss the following Qs Do you know what is the center of the solar system? Can you name the nine planets in the solar system? Nine Planets In the Solar System: Mercury 水星.Venus金星
Earth地球 Mars 火星.Jupiter木星 Saturn土星
Uranus天王星
Neptune海王星 Pluto冥王星
Step 2.Fast reading Ask the Ss to read the passage and find the answer of the following Qs: What did Copernicus think was the center of the solar system?
the sun.2.When did Copernicus publish his theory?
in 1543.Step 3.Careful Reading Use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe
1.Before Copernicus’ theory-----A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre.2.Showing Copernicus’ theory------diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre.Step 4.Further reading Why didn’t Copernicus publish his theory before he died?
Step 5 Discussion(pair work)If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Give a reason.Step6.language point
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.1.You can learn English well only in this way.Only in this way can you learn English well.2.I was a student only then.Only then was I a student Only when one is away from home does one realize how nice home is.But only his new theory could do that
Step 7 Discussion
In pairs discuss what scientific job each of you would like to choose in the future.
第三篇：高二英语必修五Unit 2 The Environment
大 学 生 执 教 联 盟 College Students Teaching Union
高二英语 必修五Unit 2 The Environment 一 词汇学习
1.economy n.经济, 节约, 理财
economic adj.经济上的;经济学的 economic depression 经济衰退
economical adj.节俭的, 合算的, 经济的
economically adv.节约地, 节省地
economize v.节约, 节省
economics n.经济学
economist n.经济学者, 经济家
2.flow vi流动,流出；川流不息;流畅;飘垂
The water is ~ing out.水在流出
Tears ~ed from his eyes.泪从他眼里流出 Traffic ~s along the street all day.街上的来往车辆整天川流不息 n．(U)流,流水,流动；[用单数]大量的流出,(不断的)流动
the ~ of a river河水的流动
a ~ of conversation 滔滔不绝的谈话
3.cut back（on）减少，削减，缩减
to cut back on spending 削减开支 If we don’t sell more we’ll have to cut back production.拓展：cut sth into sth把某物切成某物
cut sth into halves 或 cut sth in half cut down(1)砍倒； 削减，压缩，缩减cut down the big tree.Expenses ought to be cut down in every way.You’d better cut the article down to about 2,000 words.cut in 插入，插话cut in on sth
cut off 切断，隔断，断绝。cut out 突然熄火，剪掉，戒掉
cut up 切碎，剁碎
4.production n.生产;制作
produce v.生产,;创作;制造;生育 producer n.生产者
product n.产品, 结果
productive adj.生产的;多产的 recycle v.使再循环, 再制, 再利用
recyclable adj.可再循环的;可回收利用的recycling n.回收;回收利用
greedy adj.贪吃的贪婪的greed n.贪欲, 贪婪
greedily adv.贪心地;贪婪地 responsibility n.责任,职责,义务 [for,of,to] a sense of ~ 责任感
take responsibility for….承担。。的责任 responsible adj.需负责任的[(+for/to)] ；作为原因(+for)；可信赖的 She is my child, and I am responsible for her.她是我的孩子,我对她负责。Bad weather is responsible for the poor crop.坏天气是收成不好的原因。
发 挥 榜 样 的 力 量
南京大学 小于老师：152 9576 6871 小王老师：159 5056 9378 大 学 生 执 教 联 盟 College Students Teaching Union a responsible person
一个有责任心的人。
responsibly adv.负责地;有鉴别力地, 能明辨是非地;有责任感地
6.environment n.环境, 围绕, 外界social ~社会环境
one's home ~家庭环境
the ~自然环境
protect/preserve the environment保护环境
environmental protection 环境保护 environmental adj.环境的;有关环境的 environmentalism n.环境保护论;环境论 environmentalist n.环境保护论者;环境论者
7.operate vi.工作,运转;营业,营运;起作用,产生效果[on, upon];动手术,开刀[(+on/for)]
vt.1.操作;开动(机器)等;经营;管理 The machine is not operating properly.His company operates in several countries.他们的公司在外国经营.The medicine ~d quickly(on me).那种药对我很快就生效
The surgeon operated on her for a tumor.He had his nose ~d on.他接受鼻子的手术 Elevators are ~d by electricity.电梯是用电操纵的 ~ a coal mine经营煤矿 operating adj.操作的;外科手术的operating room /table /system
operation n.操作;经营;手术
operator n.操作员;总机接线生;
8.impress vt..给...极深的印象;使感动
impression n.印象, 盖印, 意念
impressionism n.印象主义, 印象批评, 印象派 impressionist n.印象主义者;印象派作家 impressive adj.给人深刻印象的, 感人的
二 短语
1.natural disaster 自然灾害
2..damage the environment 破坏环境
3.have a debate about sth.进行对...的辩论/讨论
under debate 在辩论/讨论中
4.open the floor 自由发言
have/get/obtain the floor 有/取得发言权
5.be(very/deeply)concerned about sth.对某事很关注/关心，担心/忧虑
be concerned with sb./sth.关心...，与...有关
6.cut back on production 减少生产
发 挥 榜 样 的 力 量
南京大学 小于老师：152 9576 6871 小王老师：159 5056 9378 大 学 生 执 教 联 盟 College Students Teaching Union 7.be seen as…
被看作为…
consider/regard/have/treat/count/think of/look on…as…
把…看作… 8.ask around
四下询问/打听
9.large numbers of
大量的（复名）
a large number of …= a great/good many…= quite a few…= scores of…
+复名 a great deal of…= a large amount of…= large amounts of…= quite a little 不可数名 plenty of = a large quantity of = large quantities of = a lot of = lots of…
不可数/复名
10.environmentally friendly 环保
be friendly to the environment
三 句型
1.With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society,…(L5)
表语位于句首时，需完全倒装。
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.Happy are those who are contended.注意：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
2.Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为 方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结 果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.His father died, leaving him a lot of money.Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful，D_ nothing about the argument.A.says
B.said
C.to say
D.saying 【2011陕西卷,20】More highways have been built in China,_ A
it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.A.making
B.made
C.to make
D.having made 【2011浙江卷,3】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some A a life span of around 20 years.A.having
B had
C.have
D.to have
发 挥 榜 样 的 力 量
南京大学 小于老师：152 9576 6871 小王老师：159 5056 9378 大 学 生 执 教 联 盟 College Students Teaching Union
3.The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.（L19-20）
此句中的six times what 是倍数的固定表达：倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 目前的产量是十年前的三倍。(times＋what)The production is now three times what it was ten years ago._ 观察例句思考总结倍数的其他表达方式：1)The box is five times bigger than that one.2)Asia is four times as large as Europe.3)This hall is five times the size of our room.1)整数＋ times ＋比较级＋than…
2)整数＋times ＋as ＋原级＋as 3)整数＋times＋ 名词（the size/width/length/height..）
1）与去年相比，我们的总产量（output）增长了三倍。
Compared with that of last year, our total output has increased by three times.2)I want to buy a rope which is ______C__ this one.A.twice as longer as B.as twice long as C.twice the length of D.as twice as 3)The town is __D_ than it was before.A.three times as large
B.larger three times
C.as large as three times
D.three times larger
4.However, I do agree that we should produce…（L43）
此句中的do是 助 动词，作用是 强调谓语，还可以用 does或did 强调。强调谓语以外的句子成分用 It is …that /who（句式）。
小试牛刀!
1）我想是我应该对这起意外事故负责任的。
2)_____be careful when crossing the street.A.Must B.Should C.Ought to D.Do
3)It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ______ I found we had a lot in common.A.was until;when B.was until;that C.wasn’t until;when D.wasn’t until;that
跟踪训练
一、词汇拼写
1.Too much work and too little rest often _______(导致)to illness.2.You will _________(危及)your health if you work so hard.3..Plastics today contribute to a wide ________(范围)of industries.4.That’s just because you can’t __________(欣赏)music.5.Now it’s time _____________(自由发言),you may air your opinions freely.6.I am afraid we will have to stop at the gas station, we___________(用
发 挥 榜 样 的 力 量
南京大学 小于老师：152 9576 6871 小王老师：159 5056 9378 大 学 生 执 教 联 盟 College Students Teaching Union 完)the oil.7.Which of the s______________ of the four is true according the passage.答案：1.leads 2.endanger
3.range
4.appreciate
5.to open the floor
6.will run out of
7.statements
2.用所给词汇的适当形式填空
1.The floor requires _______________(wash).2.He could do nothing but ________out for a walk alone(go).3.I have never heard a single word________ in French(speak).4.Not all children had a chance ___________to school at that time(go).5.The book ________on the table doesn’t belong to me(lie).6.They are practicing _______ the new song(sing).7.I feel like _______him what I think of him(tell).8.We’d better keep a secret of the things ________here now(discuss).9.Hurry up!Mother is sure to _______us at home(wait for).10.Do you think the situation ____________(encourage)? 答案：1.washing/to be washed
2.go
3.spoken
4.to go
5.lying
6.singing
7.telling
8.being discussed 9.be waiting for 10.encouraging
发 挥 榜 样 的 力 量
南京大学 小于老师：152 9576 6871 小王老师：159 5056 9378
第四篇：必修五
语文苏教版必修五文学常识汇总
温馨提示：识记时重点记忆下划波浪线的部分 《人类起源及性的选择》等。恩格斯认为达尔文的进化理论是19世纪自然科学的三大发现（能量守恒和转化定律、细胞学说和进化论）之一。1882年4月19日当他逝世以后，人们为了表达对他的敬仰，把他安葬在另一位科学界伟大人物牛顿的墓旁，享受着一个自然科学家的最高荣誉。、《生物学碎锦》等。
⑶《景泰蓝的制作》的作者是叶圣陶，原名叶绍钧，字秉臣。江（短篇小说）他是中国现代文学史上最早写童话的作家。由南朝梁武帝的长子萧统组织文人共同编选。萧统死后谥“昭明”，所以他主编的这部文选称作《昭明文选》。
⑸古诗文常常在篇名上反映出文体特点，如《琵琶行》、《梦游天姥吟留别》、《捕蛇者说》、《岳阳楼记》、《谏太宗十思疏》、《兰亭集序》、《赤壁赋》、《陈情表》等。山人。有《震川文集》。其散文风格朴实，感情真挚，是明代唐宋派的代表作家。有人把归有光与欧阳修比较，推崇他为明代第一散文家。统属于一个宫调的成套的散曲。元杂剧是元代用北曲演唱的一种戏曲形式。它是在金院本和诸宫调的基础上，广泛吸收了多种词曲和技艺一本基本上由正末或正旦一种角色唱到底。以正末主唱的称为。都（今北京）人。所作杂剧，据《录鬼簿》著录有十四种，现仅存三（全名为《崔莺莺待月西厢记》）（全名为《吕蒙正风雪破窑记》））。其中最著名的是《西厢记》，它是王实甫的代表作，在元代和明代就为人推 1
王实甫善于以古典诗词酝酿气氛，锻炼字句，创造出诗一般的动人意境，形成十分优雅有风格。他和关汉卿分别开创了中国戏曲史上文采和本色两个流派。
赵景深在《明刊本西厢记研究·序》中称“《西厢记》和《红楼梦》是中国古典文艺中的双璧”。
⑼元杂剧的四大悲剧是指关汉卿的《窦娥冤》、马致远的《汉宫秋》、白朴的《梧桐雨》、纪君祥的《赵氏孤儿》。⑽元曲四大家：关汉卿（代表作《窦娥冤》）、郑光祖（代表作《倩女离魂》）、白朴（代表作《墙头马上》）和马致远（代表作《汉宫秋》）四人代表了元代不同时期不同流派杂剧创作的成就，并称为元曲四大家。（切记王实甫不在元曲四大家之列）⑾莎士比亚，英国著名的剧作家和诗人。其主要成就是戏剧，作品有悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》（又译为麦克佩斯）等，喜剧《威尼斯商人》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《第十二夜》、《皆大欢喜》等，历史剧《理查三世》、《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》等。其中《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》被称做莎士比亚的“四大悲剧”。马克思称他为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。
⑿《旧时的时光》是世界名歌，后来成为影片《魂断蓝桥》的插曲。⒀《箭与歌》的作者是美国诗人朗费罗。其作品还有《生命颂》、《伊凡吉林》等。
⒁《别离》的作者是中国现代作家冯至，其作品还有《昨日之歌》、《山水》等。⒂司马迁，字子长，西汉史学家，文学家。他发愤写作，用了13年时间，终于完成了一部光耀千古的辉煌巨著——《史记》。他著《史记》的目的是“究天人之际，穷古今之变，成一家之言”。这部前无古人的著作，几乎耗尽了他毕生的心血，是他用生命写成的。
⒃《史记》原名《太史公记》、是我国第一部纪传体（以人物为中心的叙史方式）通史，开创了纪传体和书表的编写体例。它记叙了自传说中的黄帝到汉武帝太初年间约三千年的历史，规模宏大，贯通古今。全书共130篇，52万6千余字，分本纪（记历代帝王政迹，12篇）、列传（记重要历史人物的言行事功，70篇）、世家（记诸侯兴亡，30篇）、表（记大事年月，10篇）、书（记各种典章制度，8篇）五种体例。
后人对《史记》评价极高。史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚。——鲁迅（《汉文学史纲要》）
中国有两大部大书，一曰《史记》，一曰《资治通鉴》，都是有才气的人在政治上不得志时的发奋之作。——毛泽东 ⒄《二十四史》是由清代乾隆皇帝钦定的自《史记》到《明史》的24其前四史是司马迁的《史记》、班固的《汉书》、范晔的《后汉书》、陈寿的《三国志》。北宋司马光主持编写的编年体通史《资治通鉴》（书名意思是“鉴于往事，资于治道”，即吸引历代兴衰成败的经验教训，作为封建统治者治理国家的借鉴）不属于《二十四史》。⒅屈原，名平，字原，号灵均，战国末期楚国人，是楚王后代。他开创了诗歌由集体歌唱到个人独立创作的新纪元，是我国第一位伟大的爱国诗人，是我国积极浪漫主义诗歌的奠基人，也是世界四大文化名人（波兰的哥白尼、英国的莎士比亚、意大利的但丁、中国的屈原）之一。其作品有《离骚》（古典文学中最长的抒情诗，其代表作）、《九歌》、《天问》、《九章》等，全收在《楚辞》里。⒆《楚辞》是继《诗经》后的又一部诗歌总集，由西汉刘向编辑，收集了战国时楚国人屈原、宋玉（合称屈宋）的作品及西汉人淮南小山、东方朔等人模仿屈宋的文章而写的作品。
⒇鲁迅，字豫才，原名周树人，浙江绍兴人。我国现代伟大的文学家、思想家和革命家。“鲁迅”是他1918年发表中国现代文学史上第一篇白话小说《狂人日记》时所用的笔名。
小说集是《呐喊》、《彷徨》和历史小说集《故事新编》。《呐喊》包括《狂人日记》、《阿Q正传》（鲁迅唯一的一部中篇小说）、《故乡》、《孔已己》、《社戏》、《药》等14篇作品；《彷徨》包括《祝福》、《伤逝》等11篇作品；《故事新编》包括《补天》、《奔月》、《理水》等8篇作品。
散文集是《朝花夕拾》，包括《从百草园到三味书屋》、《藤野先生》等10篇作品；散文诗集是《野草》。杂文集16部。
翻译了俄国作家果戈里的《死魂灵》，前苏联作家法捷耶夫的《毁灭》等作品。
（21）培根，英国哲学家，主要作品有《培根论人生》。
（22）塞万提斯，西班牙作家，世界文豪。《堂·吉诃德》是其代表作，是一部脍炙人口的世界名著，是欧洲长篇小说发展史上的一座里程碑。译者是。其它作品有《伽拉苔亚》、《训诫小说》等。
（23）契诃夫是十九世纪后期俄国杰出的批判现实主义作家，与美国的欧·亨利、法国的莫泊桑并称“世界短篇小说三巨匠”。主要作品有短篇小说《套中人》、《变色龙》、《万卡》等，剧本《万尼亚舅舅》、《樱桃园》等。
（24）卡夫卡，奥地利作家，与马塞尔·普鲁斯特、詹姆斯·乔伊斯等并称为西方现代主义文学的先驱和大师。其短篇小说《变形记》、《乡村医生》等和三部长篇小说《审判》、《城堡》、《美国》，给读者留下了不可磨灭的印象。《变形记》的主人公是格里高尔。
（25）钱钟书，字默存，号槐聚，江苏无锡人，中国现代学者、作家。著有散文集《写在人生边上》、诗论《谈艺录》、短篇小说集《人兽鬼》、长篇小说《围城》和学术巨著《管锥编》。
《围城》是钱钟书先生1947年写就的一部以爱情婚姻为主题的小说，取意为“婚姻就像一座围城，城外的人想进来，城里的人想出去”。文中那些精妙绝伦的比喻和幽默辛辣的讽刺耐人寻味。这部小说被誉为“新《儒林外史》”，已被译成世界上多种文字。小说的主人公是方
26）庄子，名周，战国中期宋国人。先秦著名的哲学家、文学世称“老庄”“安时而处顺”“知其无可奈何而安之若命”“清净无为”。政治上主张无为而治，反对一切社会制度，摈弃一切文化知识。庄子的思想属于主观唯心主义。
庄子的文章，想像奇幻，构思巧妙，善用寓言和比喻，文笔汪洋恣肆，具有浪漫主义的艺术风格。
鲁迅先生说:“其文汪洋辟阖，仪态万方，晚周诸子之作，莫能先也。”（《汉文学史纲要》）
郭沫若说：“以思想家而兼文章家的人，在中国古代哲人中，实在是绝无仅有。”（《庄子与鲁迅》）
（27）《庄子》又称《南华经》，是庄子和他的门人以及后学者所33篇，包括内篇7门人及后学所写。用艺术形象来阐明哲学道理是《庄子》的一大特色，在文学方面，《逍遥游》是《庄子·内篇》的第一篇，不仅代表了作者的根本
（28人所盛赞和传颂。他的隶书，史书称“为古今之冠”。
（29）帕斯卡尔，法国思想家、科学家、文学家。他的《思想录》与蒙田的《随笔集》散文三大经典。
（30、《实践理性批判》。
（3120世纪最知名、最有影响力的哲学家”之一。在1950年他获得了诺贝尔文学奖，被称为“百科全书式文学家”。
（32）朱光潜，笔名孟实，安徽桐城人，中国现代学者。著有《谈美书简》、《西方美学史》等。
第五篇：必修五
必修五
1忍无可忍；再也忍受不下去了。
2逼上梁山 ； 比喻被迫起来反抗。现也比喻被迫采取某种行动。
3垂头丧气；形容因失败或不顺利而情绪低落、萎蘼不振的样子
4没精打采；形容精神不振，提不起劲头
5兴高采烈；原指文章志趣高尚，言词犀利。后多形容兴致高，精神饱满。
6平心静气；心情平和，态度冷静。
7理所当然；按道理应当这样。
8正大光明；心怀坦白，言行正派
9【物华天宝】原指万物的光华，天上的宝气。形容各种珍贵的物品。
10【人杰地灵】。意指人使地增色，地因人而著名。即杰出的人物出生或到过的地方，便成为名胜之地，或指杰出人物生于灵秀之地。
11【胜友如云】才智出众的朋友们云集一处。
12【高朋满座满座尽是高贵的宾朋。
13【腾蛟起凤】象蛟龙腾越，凤凰起舞。比喻文辞奇巧优美，才华横溢。
14【钟鸣鼎食】吃饭时，奏乐列鼎。形容贵族和富贵人家豪华奢侈的生活。
15【云销雨霁】云消雨散。指满天的云雨顿时消散，形容已经逝去的一切都不会再回来了。16【响遏行云】。声音高入云霄，把浮动着的云彩也阻止了。形容歌声嘹亮有力，悦耳动听。17【天高地迥】迥：遥远。形容天地之间广阔无边。
18【兴尽悲来】高兴的劲儿过去了，使人悲苦的事又来了。
19【萍水相逢】萍：在水面上浮生的一种蕨类植物，随水漂泊，聚散不定。浮萍在水里偶然相遇。比喻从来不相识的人偶然相遇。
20【冯唐易老】比喻仕宦不得志。
21【老当益壮】当：应当。益：更加。原指年纪老而志气应当更壮。
22【穷且益坚】也作“穷当益坚”。穷：不得志。益：更加。处境困难而意志应当更加坚定。
23.【涸辙之鲋】涸：水干，枯竭。辙：车辙。鲋：鲫鱼。干枯的车辙里的鲫鱼。比喻处于困境急待救援的人。
24.【失之东隅，收之桑榆】东隅：东方，日出处，指早上。桑榆：西方；日落时，余光落在桑树和榆树之间；指晚上。早上有所失，晚上则有所得。比喻这个时候失败了，另一个时候得到补偿。
25【一介书生】一介：一个。旧时读书人自称。或对一般读书人的雅称。
26【投笔从戎】投：扔掉，放弃。笔：笔杆子，指文墨生涯。从戎：参军。指弃文就武，放弃文墨生涯去参加军队。
27【高山流水】原指含蓄在古琴曲里的两种喻意。后用以比喻知音或知己。
28【盛筵难再】盛：盛大。筵：筵席。盛大的筵席难以再得。
29【陆海潘江】陆、潘：晋朝的文学家陆机、潘岳。本是称颂陆机和潘岳文才很高。后用以称颂学识渊博，才华横溢的人。
30鹏程万里：相传鹏鸟能飞万里路程。比喻前程远大。
31不近人情；不合乎人的常情。也指性情或言行怪僻。
32扶摇直上；形容上升很快。比喻仕途得意。
33.孤苦伶仃；孤独困苦，无依无靠
茕茕孓立 ；孤独无依的样子。
形影相吊； 只有自己的身子和影子在一起互相慰问。形容非常孤单，没有伴侣。36日薄西山；太阳接近西山。比喻人已经衰老或事物衰败腐朽，临近死亡。
气息奄奄 ；形容人即将断气、死亡的样子。也比喻事物衰败没落，即将灭亡。
38朝不谋夕 ； 亦作“朝不虑夕。”早晨不能谋及晚上。形容形势或事情危急，只能顾及眼前，无暇作长远打算。
39乌鸟私情；比喻侍奉尊亲的孝心。
40结草衔环 ；亦作“衔环结草”。原是古代两个受恩报答的故事。比喻感恩报德，至死不忘。
41皇天后土； 古人对天地的尊称，君履后土而戴皇天,皇天后土,实闻君之言。42人命危浅； 指人的寿命不长了，随时都会死亡。
43咬文嚼字：形容过分地斟酌字句。多指死扣字眼而不注意精神实质。
44学富五车；形容读书多，学识丰富。
45才高八斗；比喻人极有才华。
46心有余悸；危险的事情虽然过去了，回想起来心里还害怕。
47流毒无穷；比喻祸害非常严重的事物
补充
1走投无路：无路可走。比喻处境非常困难。
2咀嚼鉴赏：细细品味和欣赏。
3张冠李戴：比喻弄错了对象或弄错了事实。
4信口开河：随口乱说一气
5深恶痛绝：厌恶、痛恨到了极点。
6不即不离：不靠近也不分离。
7锱铢必较：对极小的事都计较
8得鱼忘筌：筌是用来捕鱼的，得了鱼，就忘了筌。比喻达到目的后就忘了原来的凭借。9熟能生巧：熟练了就能掌握技巧或窍门。
10游刃有余：比喻技术熟练，经验丰富，解决问题毫不费力
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