第一篇：致英美文学专业研究生新生的一封信
致英美文学专业研究生新生的一封信
同学们,你们好!首先欢迎你们来到美丽的北京航空航天大学,开始为期2年的硕士研究生生活。在踏进名校的最初兴奋过去之后,你们很想知道:在这紧张的2年生活中,你们该怎样做呢?
第一,要明白自己读研究生的真正目的。如果仅仅把攻读硕士研究生看做一个找工作的缓冲区，而不是本着学术研究的兴趣来深造的，那么你将会发现未来的两年对你来说将是非常枯燥难熬的岁月。我曾遇到许多研究生新生，他们对我说，他们是因为在本科找不到工作才来读研的。只要拿到研究生文凭找到工作，在学校搞不搞科研无所谓，甚至也不感兴趣。这种读研究生的动机在当今的时代本也无可厚非，但我是不希望带这样的研究生的。这样的研究生由于缺乏学术和科研的兴趣，在读研时也是非常痛苦的。因为没有学术兴趣，他们会发现老师开的学术和科研课程非常枯燥，简直是在折磨他们的身心。自然，他们在开题报告和撰写毕业论文时会因为没有思想和新鲜观点而遇到麻烦乃至不能如期毕业。不管是什么专业方向的研究生,培养学术兴趣和科研能力是这个阶段的基本任务。对于外语专业的研究生来说,除了提高科研能力以外,还有一个重要任务,就是要继续提高和巩固英语口语。在本科大家经过刻苦训练,具备了自如的口语表达能力,但是如果在研究生阶段放松了训练,那么这种口语表达能力还会下降。常有人说外语专业博士生的口语不如硕士生,硕士生的口语不入本科生,就是因为过分偏重科研能力而忽视口语训练的缘故。因此,外语专业的研究生尤其要学会两条腿走路。一方面抓科研,另一方面继续抓口语包括以口语为载体的外语教学或翻译。口语是敲门砖;没有过硬的口语表达能力,你连未来求职的第一关面试就过不去,更不用说找一个称心如意的工作了。科研能力是可持续发展的根本。如果没有科研能力,你无论是在公司、政府部门、或者高校都没有发展的后劲。尤其是在高校,没有较强的科研能力,干到死都是一个讲师,在博导、教授如林的高校,你会活得很压抑。
第二，要选择好自己的指导教师。中国古语“名师出高徒”是被科学发展史所证实了的著名格言。在科学史上，杰出科学家往往有杰出的导师。哈雅特·朱克曼说，在美国所有的诺贝尔奖得主中，有半数人曾同其他诺贝尔奖得主在一个导师门下学习。我国的23位“两弹一星”功勋奖章获得者中有11位出自同一老师门下，这就是中国物理界的一代名师、清华大学叶企孙教授。那么名师在人才成长中起什么作用呢?首先，学生从名师身上学到发现问题、解决问题的能力和习惯。赫兹发现电磁波与其导师赫尔姆霍兹是分不开的。赫尔姆霍兹几乎在赫兹所从事的所有研究领域上都对他产生了重要的影响。其次，跟名师一道工作有助于培养青年学生的科学精神、意志品格。莫诺曾谈到：“工作在一群有高度创造性的科学家中间，有老师们做榜样，将是何等的热情和激奋。”就你们硕士研究生而言,一个学术造诣高、人格高尚的导师不仅能够在你读硕士期间给你高水平的学术指导，在生活中无微不至地关心你，在世界观方面潜移默化地影响你，乃
至使你顺利地完成学业，有时甚至能影响你今后的人生发展。我在这里特别要提到我在河南大学读硕士期间的两位导师。一个是河南大学外国语学院的蔡新乐博士，一个是河南大学文学院的张如法教授。正是他们两个在学术和生活中对我的指导和关心，使得我这个31岁才考上研究生、被许多人认为毫无发展前途的乡村中学教师在外国文学研究的征途上迅速腾飞。我97年9月进校，98年5月就开始在国家级核心刊物上发表学术文章。在短短的一年半时间里，我先后在《外国文学评论》、《国外文学》、《外国文学研究》和《四川外国语学院学报》等国家级核心刊物发表了5篇文章，这在当时河南大学外国语学院是破天荒的。第三，要养成敏锐的学术洞察力。洞察力是从事某一专业活动具备的特殊判断能力和本能的反应，如从事文学需要文学洞察力，从事艺术需要艺术洞察力。一个科学家的科学洞察力高，是指他能够感知某一研究工作是具有价值的，善于发现科学研究的发展方向，预测研究可能产生的结果，也就是机会来了他能够抓住。科学洞察力包括直觉、灵感、顿悟和机遇等。其中,直觉是最重要的。哲学家康德说过：“没有直觉的概念是空洞的，而没有概念的直觉是盲目的。”当然以直觉为代表的科学洞察力也不完全是天生的、神秘莫测的。贝弗里奇认为产生直觉的条件是：对问题进行了一段时间专注的研究，伴之以对解决问题的渴望；放下工作或转而考虑其他；然后，一个想法戏剧性地突然到来，常常有一种肯定的感觉，人们经常为先前竟然不曾想到这个念头而感到狂喜或甚至惊奇。现代科学史上通过洞察力来获得重大科研成果发现的例子屡见不鲜,其中最著名的包括德国物理学家伦琴发现×射线、英国细菌学家弗莱明发现青霉素、美国科学家巴丁、布拉顿和肖克莱发现锗的空穴放大效应（据此制成了世界上第一只晶体管）、美国天文物理学家彭齐亚斯和威尔逊发现宇宙背景辐射等。在河南大学外国语学院读硕士期间，我们12个研究生都听翟士钊老师讲授英国小说和美国小说。翟老师在讲授霍桑的小说《红字>的时候,我发现作品中的主要任务的名字Hester Pryne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth 和 Pearl 都很特别,于是产生了强烈地研究这些人名的寓意及其和作品主题关系的冲动。我把我的研究成果写成论文《霍桑〈红字〉中的人名寓意研究》,投到赫赫有名的《外国文学研究》上,结果居然发表了。刚读研究生就成功地在国家级核心刊物上发表文章,这更激发了我的学术洞察力和激情。翟老师在讲授斯坦贝克的中篇小说《人鼠之间》的时候,我发现这篇小说除了开头有一些景物描写外,主要由人物的对话构成。于是我开始研究这种独特的小说形式,通过查阅相关资历,我写了论文《剧本小说---一种跨文本写作的范式》,发表在中国最权威的外国文学刊物《外国文学评论》上。翟老师在讲授马克.吐温的《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》的时候,讲到escapism 这种主题。我立刻开始思索什么是escapism,它与中国文学中的“遁世”有什么异同,它在美国文学中是怎么表现的。于是我写出了《论美国遁世文学的理论建构》,发表在另一个国家级核心刊物---《国外文学>上面。由于家庭出现重大
变故,我只听翟老师讲授了5部小说,结果就有5篇文章发表在国家核心刊物上。
第四,从一开始就要培养学术诚信。学术诚信主要有两层含义：对待科学要讲求“诚”，对待其他研究者及其劳动成果要讲求信。可是这种对待学术的起码要求如今也被一些科研人员抛在脑后,学术腐败已经在学界愈演愈烈，在我们耳熟能详的著名高校中，也不断有学术腐败的现象发生。例如北京大学人类学博导王铭铭的抄袭,上海交通大学陈进的芯片造假 ,清华大学教授刘辉在申请大学职位和职务时提供虚假的个人履历和学术成果等。在国外,有震惊世界的韩国首尔大学黄禹锡干细胞造假。英国《自然生物学》主编可班德·普尔凡勒博士指出,“在发表于全球三大顶级科学刊物的６６０篇文章中，２０％在某些地方存在不同程度的剽窃之嫌。”美国生物医学领域的学术造假次数持续呈上升趋势。２００４年，美国遭到举报后披露的科研造假案达到２７４起，比２００３年增长５０％，创下有史以来的最高记录。曾经在我们心目中被称作白色象牙塔的知名高校，其光环不断地被学术腐败的丑闻所抹煞, 实在令人痛心。在我们高校的研究生中，也存在着较为严重的学术造假行为,具体体现在学期论文和学位论文的写作上。他们在写论文时极不认真,更不讲诚信,直接把互联网上的资历下载下来,甚者连改动都不改动一下,以此来欺骗老师。若不是考虑他们将来的毕业问题,老师们真想把他们的成绩判不及格,或终止他们的培养。所以你们新生一定要从一开始就养成诚信的良好美德,这是作为探索科学奥秘的学者最起码的要求。第五,谈谈选我作导师的研究生需具备的条件。首先,欲选我作导师的研究生要具备充实的文史哲知识。单靠死记硬背而获得较高成绩的研究生我并不喜欢带,而那些虽然成绩并不太高,但在本科阶段对文学、史学、哲学和心理学等方面有广泛涉猎的研究生是我所欢迎的。其次,欲选我作导师的学生必须对学术和科研具有强烈的兴趣,愿意在我的指导下对前人未作深入研究的领域进行进一步的研究。那些对学术和科研没有兴趣或者没有潜力、单纯来拿硕士文凭的研究生应该避免选我作导师。再次,欲选我作导师的学生要具有强烈的创新意识和较高的中、英文表达能力。没有强烈的创新意识,就不会主动地去提出问题,进行深入的研究,自然就不会出科研成果。在写论文尤其是学位论文时,就摸不着北,找不到题目可写。有了强烈的创新意识,有了好的科研题目,如果没有较高的中、英文表达能力,同样是出不了成果的。
最后, 祝我们的双向选择成功, 也祝同学们在未来的研究性学习中取得进步,成为合格的研究生。
第二篇：英美文学
Analysis of Robinson Crusoe
2009级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s
failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only
indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full
understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a
remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and
never lose hope.
第三篇：英美文学
术语解释：
Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:
1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI
1591The First part of King Henry VI
1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors
1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew
1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet
1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream
***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V
1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It
1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will
In the second period:
1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well
160416051606Antony and Cleopatra
1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens
1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre
In the third period:
1609Cymbeline, King of Britain
1610The Winter’s Tale
1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII
7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人)
John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1
out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻画人物。
Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主人公鲁滨孙的成功刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏艰难和困苦，充满野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，顽强毅力和斗志，依靠自己的双手改变一切、创造一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以讽刺的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。Attack the Britain
parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on
surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express
Transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都是平等的。
Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between
mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否将你比作夏天？
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空，And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,转眼会云雾迷蒙。
And every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘零，By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于无常的天命。
But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫发无损。
Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的诗中长存。
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。
全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。
二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美
Sonnet 29
When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘零，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于希望，Featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一样广交游，Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行，With what I most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头；
Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我正要这样看轻自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地
From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门：
For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。
赏析：对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter）.韵式，即abab
cdcd efef gg。
To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鸟 》
-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特
Whither, 'midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空灿烂，白日的行程就要结束；
Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤单的前程追逐？
总结：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are
going?
Vainly the fowler's eye看你远远飞翔而无计可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾；
As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你映衬，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。
总结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to
bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？
Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？
• 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?
There is a Power whose care有上苍把你关照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在无路的海岸为你指路，The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和无边的空际，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤单的飘荡不致迷途。
• 总结：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕动翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空气稀薄暴风寒冷，飞在高处，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。
总结：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就会结束这样的劳苦，Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即将找到你夏天的住处；
And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼唤自己的伙伴，Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。
• 总结：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will
end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身躯全被吞没，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深渊里，你踪影全无；
Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我将久久地久久地把它记住。
• 总结:I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,谁，从一个地方到另一个地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越无限的天空作必然的飞翔，In the long way that I must tread alone,也会在我必须独自跋涉的长途上，Will lead my steps aright.正确地引导我的脚步。
赏析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.
第四篇：英美文学
《英美文学》复习方法
一、找到《英美文学》的辅导书，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通车》等类型的汉语版辅导书。
二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读，理解了全书每个章节的内容和知识点；用汉语记录重点；
三、第一轮复习顺序：
1、先看英国文学，后看美国文学
2、按照时间顺序看，每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品
3、按照课本的章节顺序，看完汉语译文后，对照英语译文，划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题；评论部分是简单题和问答题；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看；记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。
4、按照章节划出重点信息，然后整理笔记；
5、全部整理完毕之后，基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。
四、第二轮复习顺序
1、找到历年真题，做题的时候对照答案，寻找该答案在课文原文中的原始线索，并作好整理记录；
2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后，对课本的重点知识就有了比较清楚的理解；
五、考前突击复习
1、依据真题笔记和第二轮复习的笔记，对不熟悉的部分进行重点复习。
2、根据以往考题的研究，旧题还会重新考，所以大家要关注所有做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性知识的部分，这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了，所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点知识网络，所以认真复习真题并理解消化，整理帮助记忆，这对于考试制胜是最好的办法。
*警告：千万不要抛开课本直接做真题；
千万不要死记硬背，而是要在理解的基础上反复读，抄写，默记；反复整理笔记，新的笔记只记录没有掌握好的，直到最后的笔记成为提纲式的。
〈高级英语〉复习方法说明；
一、对照辅导书，精读课文，做课后练习；
二、找来历年考试真题，认真做，查到答案在课本中的相关地方
三、认真复习真题，总结知识点；错题本，反复研究错题
四、回到课本，从头到尾认真阅读课文，全面复习重点知识点；
五、整理真题，再次复习错题；
*高级英语上下册32个单元，复习面积很大，所以必须早动手，狠下功夫。
祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成绩！
第五篇：英美文学
SIR THOMAS MALORY
(1405-1471)
The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY
II.Morte d' Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
III.Questions for Discussion
.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)
Life: He was very rich because he inherited a
considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west
central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he
seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of
local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of
Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during
this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir
Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From
1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(袭击)on the
attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey
大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county
of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'
enemies branded(给某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-
robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲诈者)and would-be
murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost
continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did
escape several times.His pardon came to him in
October 1462, followed by military service in
Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's
Conspiracy(阴谋活动)of 1468, for which he was
imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned
eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur
《亚瑟王之死》
Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady
returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不满), selfish, or
disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破灭).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驱使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of
tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(叙述,讲述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;闺女)in distress(悲痛;苦恼;忧伤;贫困,穷苦;危难;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?
3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.
点击咨询 