第一篇：2014 自考通信英语短文翻译
P27
A service is office delivered through a server.The term ”server” has been widely used and accepted in the context of LANs ,although it is an appropriate concept in any network environment.A server contains the hardware, and at least part of the software ,necessary to produce the service.Whether talking about print servers , file servers , communication servers ,or others ,servers usually operate at some point remote from the end-user and are designed for multi-user access to expensive ,complicated ,or infrequently used services.服务常由服务器提供。“服务器”一词已在局域网中广泛地使用和接受，尽管它在任何网络环境中都是一个合适的概念。一个服务器含有产生该服务所必需的硬件，且至少含有部分软件。不论是打印服务器、文件服务器、通信服务器，还是别的什么服务器，服务器都在远离终端用户的某一点工作，并且被设计成使多个用户可以访问那些昂贵的、复杂的或不常使用的服务。
P35
The goal of your use of the Internet is exchanging message or obtaining information.What you need to know is that you can exchange message with other computers on the Internet and use your computer as a remote terminal on distant computers.But the internal details of the link are less important, as long as it works.If you connect computers together on a network, each computer must have a unique address, which could be either a word or a number.For example, the address of Sam’s computer could be Sam, or a number.使用Internet的目的是交换消或获得信息。你只须知道你可以与Internet上的其他计算机交换消息并将你的计算机用作远端计算机的远程终端，而链路的内部细节并不太重要，只要网络能工作就行。若将多台计算机连接到网络上，每台计算机须有唯一的地址，地址可以是一个字或一个数字。例如Sam的计算机地址可以是Sam或一个数字。
P36
Before you can use the Internet, you must choose a way to move data between the Internet and your PC.This link may be a high-speed data communication circuit, a local area network(LAN), a telephone line or a radio channel.Most likely, you will use a Modem attached to your telephone line to talk to the Internet.Naturally, the quality of your Internet connection and service, like many other things in life, is dictated by the amount of money you are willing to spend.在使用Internet 之前，必须使用一种方法在你的PC机和Internet之间传送数据。这种连接的链路可以是高速数据通信电路、局域网（LAN）、电话线路或无线信道。最有可能的是，你使用Modem连到电话线上与Internet 对话。当然，像生活中许多其他的事物一样，与Internet连接和服务的质量是由你所花钱的数量决定的。
P43
Improvements in component performance,cost,and reliability by 1980 led to major commitments on the part of telephone companies.Fibre soon became the preferred transmission medium for long-haul trunks.Some early installations 0.8 um light sources and graded-index multimode fibre, but by 1983,designers of intercity links were thinking in terms of 1.3
um,single-mode systems.The single-mode fibere,used in conjunction with a 1.3 um laser,provides a bandwidth advantage which translates into increased repeater spacings for high data rate systems.到了80年代，光纤器件在性能、价格和可靠性方面的改善使众多电话公司受益匪浅。光纤很快成为长途干线的首选传输媒质。一些早期敷设的光纤线路采用0.8um光源和渐变折射率多模光纤，但到1983年，城市间线路的设计者们就考虑使用1.3um单模光纤系统了。单模光纤与1.3um激光器连接，可以提供宽带特性，增加了高速率系统的中继距离。
P43
The potential of fibre optics in the other areas is only beginning to be realized.Fibre optic networks for computer systems and offices are becoming more prominent.In the telephone system, the use of fibre optics for interconnecting central offices within a metropolitan area and for lower levels in the swithching hierarchy is still increasing rapidly.Fibre links to the home have been used in demonstration projects.Many observers believe that national telephone systems will eventually be upgraded to handle video bandwidths by using fibre optics.These wideband subscriber loop systems would provide access to services such as picturephone , video entertainment.Widespread installation of these broadband services will become economically feasible.人们对于光纤在其他领域的潜力刚刚开始认识。用于计算机系统和办公室的光纤网络逐渐变得更加重要。在电话系统中，光纤在主要城市地区中心交换局间互联和低级交换中的使用继续迅速增加。入户光缆已经有了示范工程。许多观察家相信，全国电话系统将使用光纤传输视频宽带信号而逐渐升级。这些宽带用户环路系统将为可视电话、视频娱乐节目等业务提供通路。宽带业务广泛使用光纤将会变得经济可行。
P60
The most basic element is regenerator(shown in Fig.8-4).You’ll find regenerators whenever transmission over 50 km is needed.They terminate and regenerate the optical signal.Spacing of regenerators depends on the wavelength being used, the power of the transmitted signal and the receiver’s sensitivity.Wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm are preferred because glass fibre is peculiarly transparent to light at these wavelengths.1550 nm is preferred for long routes because even through the 1550 nm lasers cost more, the fibre is even more transparent at 1550 nm than 1310 nm and so fewer regenerators are needed.最基本的单元是再生中继器，如图8-4所示，凡传输距离超过50 km时，就需要这一单元。它们终结和再生光信号。再生中继器的间距取决于所用的波长、发送信号的功率以及接收器的灵敏度。
人们乐于选用1310 nm和1550 nm的波长，因为玻璃纤维对这些波长的光波尤为透明。对于长距离路由，1550 nm更为可取，尽管1550 nm的激光器价格更高，但因玻璃纤维在该波长下比1310nm波长下更为透明，因而所需的再生中继器更少。
P66
The transport system adopted in SDH is analogous to a road transport system shown in Fig.9-1.If you need to deliver items between 2 points you need trucks.Depending on the quantity of items to be moved you need small or large trailers.Depending on the size of the items being shipped you need “pallets” to allow simple stacking within the trailer payload area.For different item types you have different pallets and different loading instructions.SDH采用的传输系统与图9-1（见第109页）所示的公路的运输系统是类似的。假定你想在两地间运送货物，你将需要货车。按照要运送货物的数量，你需要小的或打的车厢。根据被运东西的大小，你需要集装箱，以便在车厢中装货区里能方便地堆放。按照货物类别的不同，你得有不同的集装箱和不同的装堆方法。
P68
Section Overhead(SOH)
Some signal capacity is allocated in each transportframe for “SectionOverhead”.This providesthe facilities(such as alarm monitoring and data communications channels)required to support and transportation of a VC between nodes in a synchronous network.Section overhead pertains only to an individual transport system and is not transferred with the VC between transport systems.Scrambling
To ensure that the clock can always be recovered from the received data, all bytes in the synchronous frame, except those located in the first row of section overhead, are scrambled.段开销（SOH）
在每个传输帧中，部分信号容量被分配给段开销。段开销提供了支持和维护同步网络节点间VC的传输所需要的话销（如告警监视、五码监测和数据通信信道等）。段开销仅属于单一传输系统，它不随VC一起在传输系统之间转移。
扰码
为确保从接收到的数据中恢复时钟，在同步帧中，除段开销的第一行的字节外，所有字节都被扰码。
P75
Any communication system which can provide customers with means to communicate from any place , at any time and at any distance gives social and economic advantages.This capability does not exist in many parts of the world.Assuming that it existed , such a system would be limited by the availability of the called person.This person may not be close to his telephone when he / she is called.Urgent communications(police , firemen , hospitals , etc.)which could not be established because of no reply at one end of the link could have dramatic consequences if the delay in response is too long or if the call remain unanswered.任何一种能在任何地方、任何时间，在任意距离内向顾客提供通信的通信系统，都会产生社会及经济的效益，而这种通信能力在世界上许多地方并不存在。假设存在这样的系统，它也会由于能否找到接话人而收到限制。接话人可能在别人给他打电话是不在电话附近。由于线路另一端无回答而不能完成紧急通信（警察、消防人员、医院等），如果延误时间太长或一直没有回音，将会造成严重的后果，因此为这种人提供通信手段是必不可少的。
P88
Mobile systems originally operated in analogue mode(and still do)in the 450 MHz
band, moving later to 900 MHz with digital GSM and then to 1800 MHz with personal communications system.The history of mobility can split into generations.The first generation systems were the advanced mobile phone system(AMPS)in the US, total access communication systems(TACS)in most of Europe and nordic mobile telephone system(NMT);which were all analogue systems.The second generation is very much dominated by the standard first set out in Europe by the group special mobile(GSM)committee , which was designed as a global mobile communication system.移动通信系统最初以模拟方式工作（现在仍在运行），其频带在450 MHz，后来逐步发展到900 MHz 的数字GSM系统，下一步是向工作在1800 MHz的个人通信系统发展。移动通信的发展可分为几代。第一代系统如美国的高级移动电话系统（AMPS）、欧洲多数国家的全接入通信系统（TACS）以及北欧的移动电话系统（NMT），这些都是模拟系统。第二代移动通信系统在很大程度上是有欧洲特别移动小组（GSM）委员会所定制的标准决定的，设计这一系统作为全球移动通信系统。
P89
The third generation mobile communication system currently being developed in Europe is intended to integrate all the different services of second generation systems and cover a much wider range of broadband services(voice , data , video , and multimedia)consistent and compatible with technology developments place within the fixed telecommunication networks.目前在欧洲正在开发第三代移动通信系统，其目的是要综合第二代系统的所有不同业务并覆盖更广泛的业务（话音、数据、视频、多媒体）范围，而且还要与固定电信网络的技术发展保持一致和兼容。
P111
The spread of multimedia users is not just a function of technology,and it is certainly not an unstoppable process.The key to its take-up is in the successful selling of video and television services,which are often gathered under the general title of video-on-demand(VOD)interactive services.A typical VOD architecture takes trunk and access networks into account.The video server is the key to on-demand services.The video server will store a large number ofprogrammesthat can be instantly accessed by a large number of individual subscribers,it is stored in a compressed form to save space.多媒体用户的发展不只由技术决定，也绝不是一种一蹴而就的过程。其启动的关键是提供视频和电视业务，这两方面经常合起来统称为视频点播（VOD）交互业务。典型的视频点播网络结构将中继网和接续网都考虑进去了。视频服务器是点播业务的关键。视频服务器可以储存大量的节目，并能使大量的用户立即访问这些节目。为节省储存空间，这些节目常以压缩数据的形式储存。
P117
By far the largest circuit-switched network is the public telecommunications network the telephone network.This is actually a collection of national networks interconnected to form an international service.Although originally designed and implemented to service analog telephone subscribers , it handles substantial data traffic via modem , and is gradually being converted to a digital network.The public telecommunications network , as with any communications network ,can be described using four generic architectural components.迄今最大的电路交换网是公用电信网——电话网，实际上是由一些国家网相互连接而形成的国际业务。虽然原来的设计是为模拟电话用户服务的，但是它是利用调制解调器处理大量的数据业务，而正在逐渐转变为数字网。
如同任何通信网一样，公用电信网可以用四个一般的结构组件来描述。
P134
This network cannot transport TV signals due to its limited bandwidth capabilities , so a special TV network is still required.Even in NISDN the integration of narrowband services such as data and voice can be considered as being rather limited;the user access to the network is fully integrated , either by a basic access or primary rate interface.However , inside the network there will still exist for some time a packet switched and a circuit switched network as two overlay networks incapable of transporting other traffic types and each dimensioned either for voice or X.25 data.由于它有限的带宽，这个网络不能传送TV信号，因而仍需要一个专用的TV网络。甚至在NISDN中，就像数据和话音这样的窄带宽业务的综合也被认为是相当有限的：用户对网络的接入是完全综合的，要么采用基本接入或基本速率接口接入。但是在网络内部，仍将在一段时间里存在着两个包层网络：分组交换网和电路交换网，它们不能传送其它类型的电信业务，而且对话音或X.25数据自成规模。
第二篇：英语短文翻译
1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（theTang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。
The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals.In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans.The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years.During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty.Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。
China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises.Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement.Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation.Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。
The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s
consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development.On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.4、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。
The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body.For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.5、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱
(theTiangon-1 laboratory module)执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。
On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping.Wang is aboard theTiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission.Her lesson swere a series of physics demonstrations in the space.In some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth.The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.6、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。
Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city-the very epitome of modern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own.Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis.A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past.Hidden
amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.7、近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。
In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia'sdevelopment achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the
industrious and talented Asian people.The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.8、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。
Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated.Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer.To arouse the awareness about the prevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the WHO(World Health Organization)has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day.The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours.However, when one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptation of tobacco.To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists, he’ll be rewarded.9、越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。
An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the
realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese.China’srise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West.They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese.At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only.Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视而不见。// 相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。// 在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。// 因此，我们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。
I share the same view with many East Asian scholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing ,stubborn Western ills.We should not turn a blind eye to the fact that individual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extreme individualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// By contrast, self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asia can offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shrunk as a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and the West any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore, we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each other.Our relationship is one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore, we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.//
11、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。// 美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。// 我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//
Equality and mutual benefit is the fundamental principle of international trade.Therefore, it is normal tha tcountries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictions and disputes.The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cool and wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade and economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.-invested enterprises, the total investment in China stands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have their business in China, and most of them are making handsome profit.At the same time, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United States will become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation.The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation is, however, irreversible.There are two factors contribute to this trend.Firstly, the Sino-U.S.economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vast fields.Secondly, China has an outstanding labor cost advantage.//
12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，// 根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。//
The China International Publishing Group is the largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing and distribution establishment, its predecessor being the International Press Bureau of the Central People's Government Press and Publication
Administration.//Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China's march to the world and facilitating world's understanding of China”, the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected and sent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas, for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy, we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market, aiming at the international readership.Our initial efforts have been very rewarding.//
13、改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art,architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films,fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng,gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//
14、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//
Shanghai cuisine , usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisines in China,with a history of more than 400 years.Like all other Chinese regional cuisines,Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential
qualityelements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings,the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.Shanghai cuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings and a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filled inside with ground pork and rich tasty soup.Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish is yellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, all covered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is more appropriate to plus “appearance” as the fourth element.
第三篇：英语短文翻译
Charlie was seven years old.His sister, Emily, was two years younger than him.One day, their mother took them to their uncle's house to play while she went to the big city to buy some new clothes.The children played for a while, and then their uncle took Charlie into the kitchen.He gave him a nice cake and a knife, and said to him, “Now here's a knife, Charlie, Cut this cake in half and give one of the pieces to your sister, but do it like a gentleman.”
“Like a gentleman?” Charlie asked.“How do gentlemen do it?”
“They always give the bigger piece to the other people,”.answered his uncle.Charlie thought about this for a few seconds, and then he took the cake to his sister and said to her, “Cut this cake in half, Emily.”
Charlie七岁。他的姐姐，Emily比他小两岁。有一天，由于他们的妈妈要到城市去买些新衣服，所以就把他们带到叔叔的家去玩。
当他们玩了一会儿，他们的叔叔便带Charlie进厨房。叔叔把一块美味的蛋糕以及一把刀给了Charlie，然后对他说：“这里有一把刀，Charlie，你把它切成一半，分给妹妹，要像个绅士。”
Charlie就问他叔叔：“像个绅士？我要怎么做个绅士？”
他叔叔回答他：“他们（绅士）时常都会分比较大的一份给别人。”
Charlie就想了几分钟，然后就把蛋糕给了妹妹，并对她说：“把这块蛋糕切成一半，Emily。”
第四篇：英语短文翻译
Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
Many teenagers have hobbies.But sometimes these hobbies can get in the way of schoolwork, and parents might worry about their child’s success at school.Teenagers often think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.Do you agree?
Liu Yu, a fifteen-year-old boy from Shandong, is a running star.He is on his school running team and has always wanted to be a professional athlete.However, his parents won’t allow him to train as much as he would like to.“Of course, we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams,” says Mr Liu, “and we know how much he loves running.That’s great, and my wife and I have watched him in every one of his races.We have nothing against running!But we do think that our son needs to be realistic.Now that he is getting older, he needs to think about what will happen if he doesn’t become a professional runner in the end.许多青年有他们自己的爱好。但这些爱好可能有时能在学习中用到，并且父母担心他们的儿童在学校的表现。青少年应该去做他们所喜爱的事情，您是否同意呢？
刘雨，从山东来的十五年男孩，是一个跑步明星。他是在他的学校田径队并且想当一位专业运动员。但是，他的父母不允许他训练。“当然，我们也希望刘雨实现他的梦想”，刘先生说，“并且我们也知道他多么热爱跑步。那是美好的，并且我妻子和我计划了他的未来。我们并没有反对跑步!但我们认为我们的儿子必须接受现实。因为他会变老，他需要考虑以后发生什么，如果他在最后不能成为冠军。
第五篇：英语短文中英文翻译
1.Today my friend and I are taking a walk.suddenly, we are seeing a boy sit on the chair,he is crying,we go and ask him.“what’s the matter with you” he tell us“I can’t find my dog can you help me”.“yes,I can”.And we help him find his dong.oh it stay under the big tree!今天我和我的朋友一起去散步。突然我们看见一个男孩坐在椅子上，他哭的很伤心。我们走过去问他：“你怎么了”。他告诉我们：“我的狗不见了，你们能帮我找到它吗”。“是的，我们能帮你找到你的狗”然后我们帮助他找到了他的狗，原来是它呆在一棵大树下。2.One day an old man siselling a big elephant.A young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it slowly.The old man goes up to him and says inhis ear,“Don't say anything about the elephant before I sell it,then i'll give you some money.”“All right,”says the young man.After the old man slles the elephant,he gives the young man some money and says,“Now,can you tell me how you find the bad ears of theelephant?”“I don't find the bad ears,”says the young man.“Then why do you look at the elephant slowly?”asks the old man.The young man answers,“Because I never see an elephant before,and I want to know what it looks like.”
一天，一个老的男人正在卖一头大象。一个年轻的男人走向大象然后开始慢慢看着它（大象），这个老的男人走向他对着他的耳朵说，“不要在我卖出它（大象）之前说关于它（大象）的事，然后我会给你一些钱。”“好的”，这个年轻的男人说。在这个老的男人卖出大象后，他给了年轻的男人一些钱并且说，“现在，你可以告诉我你是怎样知道大象的坏的耳朵了吧？”“我不知道坏的耳朵”，这个年轻的男人说。“然后为什么你慢慢的看着大象？”这个老的男人问。这个年轻的男人回答，“因为我在这之前从来没有见过大象，还有我想知道它（大象）是什么样子的。”
3.An old woman had a cat.The cat was very old;she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old.One day the old cat saw a mouse;she jumped and caught the mouse.But she could not bite it;so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse.She began to hit the cat.The cat said, “Do not hit your old servant.I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old.Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young.” 一位老妇有只猫，这只猫很老，它跑不快了，也咬不了东西，因为它年纪太大了。一天，老猫发现一只老鼠，它跳过去抓这只老鼠，然而，它咬不住这只老鼠。因此，老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了，因为老猫咬不了它。
于是，老妇很生气，因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫，猫说：“不要打你的老仆人，我已经为你服务了很多年，而且还愿意为你效劳，但是，我实在太老了，对年纪大的不要这么无情，要记住老年人在年青时所做过的有益的事情。”
4.I love my family, because I have a happy family.My father is an English teacher.His name is Jacky.He is thirty-eight.He likes playing basketball.What’s my mother job? Is she a teacher? Yes, you’re right!My mother is very kind and nice, she is thirty-seven.My mother is always laborious work.I love my parents!On Saturday and Sunday, I often go to the library and play the piano, My father go to play basketball.Sometimes, we watch TV and listen to music at home.I love my family.Because I’m very happy to live with my parents together!我爱我的家庭,因为我有一个快乐的家庭.我的爸爸是一名英语教师,他的名字叫Jacky.他今年38岁.他非常喜欢打篮球.我的妈妈是赶什么呢?她是一名教师吗?是的.你说对了!我的妈妈是一个很亲切、友善的人,她今年37岁.我妈妈总是勤劳的干活.我爱我的父母.在星期六和星期天里,我经常去图书馆和弹钢琴.我爸爸去打篮球.有时侯,我们都在家看电视和听音乐.我爱我家.因为我和爸爸妈妈一起生活得很开心!4.This is my room.Near the window there is a desk.I often do my homework at it.You can see some books, some flowers in a vase, a ruler and a pen.On the wall near the desk there is a picture of a cat.There is a clock above the end of my bed.I usually put my shoe under my bed.Of course there is a chair in front of the desk.I sit there and I can see the trees and roads outside.这是我的房间。在窗口附近有一张书桌。我经常在那做我的家庭作业。您能看有些书，有些花在花瓶里，一把格尺和笔。在墙壁在书桌有猫的图片。有一个时钟在我的床上的末端。我通常把我的鞋子放在我的床下。当然有一把椅子在书桌前面。我坐那里，并且我能看外面的树和路
6.What do you know about the sea? Some people know about it, but others don’t.The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day, the sea is very big.In the world, there is more sea than land.Do you know Hainan Island? It’s really very nice.We can see beaches, trees and the sea.We can swim and visit a lot of beautiful places.海
你对海知道些什么？ 某些人知道关于它，但其他不。海看起来美丽在一个美好的晴天，海是非常大的。在世界上，比土地有更多海。您是否知道海南岛？ 那非常好。我们能看海滩、树和海。我们可以游泳和参观很多美好的地方。
7.Computers are changing our life.You can do a lot of things with a computer.Such as, you can use a computer to write articles, watch video CDs, play games and do office work.But the most important use of a computer is to join the Internet.We don’t need to leave home to borrow books from a library or to do shopping in a supermarket.Computers help us live a more convenient life.计算机改变我们的生活。您能做很多事用计算机。例如，您能使用计算机写文章，手表录影CDs，戏剧比赛和完成办公室工作。但对计算机的最重要的用途是加入Internet.我们不需要离开家去从图书馆借用书或在超级市场做购物。计算机帮助我们居住更加方便的生活。
8.Summer is the great season for all sports in the open air.It is the season for football which is often called the national sport because of its popularity.I usually watch television and read the newspaper reports about the football results of the little leagues.During the summer I like to go to the beach often because it is very close to my home.I usually go there during the summer vacation to relax after many months in school in the city.I feel very comfortable with the familiar quiet life of the villagers.夏天是户外运动最好的季节.这是一个橄榄球的季节,橄榄球由于广受欢迎被称为全民运动.我常常看电视,看报纸,从报道中获得小联盟橄榄球赛的比赛结果.夏日里,我喜欢经常去海滩,因为那里离我家不远.在城里的学校呆了几个月后,暑假我常常去那里放松一下.此处有我很熟悉的村民们的宁静生活,这让我倍感舒适.9.I think smiling is as important as sunshine.Smiling is like sunshine because it can make people happy and have a good day.If you aren’t happy, you can smile, and then you will feel happy.Someone may say, “But I don’t feel happy.” Then I would say, “Please smile as you do when you are happy or play with your friends happily.You will really be happy again.”
Smiling can let you have more friends.So I say, smiling is like a flower.It will give you happiness.我认为微笑是一样重要的象阳光。微笑是象阳光，因为它可能使人愉快和有一个早晨好。如果您不是愉快的，您能微笑，您然后将感觉愉快。某人也许说，“但是我不感到愉快”。然后我会说，“请微笑，您，当您愉快地是愉快或戏剧与您的朋友。您真正地再将是愉快的”。微笑可能让您有更多朋友。如此我说，微笑是象花。它将给您幸福
10.My family are going to Hainan.It's a good seaside city.We are staying there for a week.We are going to the beach and going swimming in the sea.We're visiting Tianya Haijiao，Wanquan River and many other beautiful places.I think we'll have a good time there.国庆节来了，我有七天的假期。
我们一家去海南。那是一个美丽的海滨城市。我们在那里待上一个星期。我们去沙滩，还在海里游泳。我们游览“天涯海角”，菀泉河还有别的许多好地方。我想我们在那里会玩得很开心 11.I'm now living in a small house with my parents.It has three floors with five bedrooms, three bathrooms, two big dining rooms and two living rooms.When my friends come to visit me, I will have enough bedrooms for them.We'll have a good time.Besides that, we will have a swimming pool behind the house and a garden in front of the house.In the morning, my parents can do some exercise in the garden.The air must be very fresh.When we feel tired, we can have a swim in the swimming pool.Life will be easy for us.I'll study harder than before so that the dream can come true.我现在和我的父母生活在一个小房子。
它有三层,有五个卧室,三个卫生间,两个大的餐厅和两个客厅。当我的朋友来看望我,我将有足够的卧室。我们将有一个美好的时光。除此之外,我们将房子后面有一个游泳池和一个花园在房子的前面。在早上,我的父母在花园里可以做一些运动。空气一定很新鲜。当我们感到疲倦的时候,我们可以在游泳池里游泳。生活对我们来说会很容易。我会比以前更努力学习,梦想可以成真。
12.I am now 14 years old.Yesterday was my birthday.My parents had a birthday party.I invited my friends to attend.My mother got up very early in the morning, and began to cook.My father to help her cooking.They are very busy.All my friends arrived, my mother brought food and a cake.My father gave me new clothes and some books as my birthday gift.My friends sang birthday songs for me, gave me some presents.I have a wonderful birthday.我现在14岁。昨天是我的生日。我的父母有一个生日聚会。我邀请朋友们参加。在早上我的妈妈起得很早,开始做饭。我父亲帮她做饭。他们很忙。
我的所有朋友都到了以后,妈妈端上食物和一个蛋糕。爸爸送给我新衣服和书作为生日礼物。我的朋友为我唱生日歌,给了我一些礼物。我有一个美好的生日。
13.I have a busy and interesting summer vacation.I do my homework every day, so I finished my homework ten days before the new term.I also every day and my friends to play table tennis and basketball.I sometimes go to the movies, and my friends went to the park.I browse the Internet, read books and watch TV every evening.I help my parents clean the room and cooking.我有一个忙碌而有趣的暑假。我每天做我的作业,所以我做完作业前十天新学期。我也每天都和我的朋友打乒乓球和篮球。我有时去看电影,和我的朋友去了公园。我浏览互联网,阅读书籍,每天晚上看电视。我帮助我的父母打扫房间和做饭。
14.Hello, boys and girls!My name is lu.I'm 14 years old.My birthday is on November 7.I am a movie fan.I like action movies and science fiction movies.My favorite actor is Jackie chan.He is a great action actor.He has many movies.For example: “the 80 days around the world”, “baby plan andRush hour”.The movie is very exciting.I really like baby plans, because they are exciting.I like action movies very much 你好,男孩和女孩!我的名字是科陆。我14岁。我的生日是11月7日。我是一个电影迷。我喜欢动作电影和科幻电影。我最喜欢的演员是成龙。他是一个伟大的行动的演员。他有许多电影。
为例：《世界各地的80天》,《宝贝计划andRush小时》。这些电影非常令人兴奋。我真的很喜欢宝贝计划,因为它们是令人兴奋的。我非常喜欢动作片电影。
15.It is about half past four.It is time to exercise.The students on the playground.They are playing a football match.Atom is one of them.He is good at football.He in the school football team.Atom and said, I like to play football.It is one of my favorite sports.Panchen and hao-ling wang friend, he is a football fan.Ronaldo is his favourite player.它大约是4点半。是时候运动。学生们在操场上。他们是在玩一场足球比赛。凌动就是其中之一。他擅长足球。他在学校的足球队。凌动说,我喜欢踢足球。它是我最喜欢的运动。**和王浩凌动的朋友,他是一个足球迷。罗纳尔多是他最喜欢的球员。
16.Today is the first day of Chinese New Year.I am wearing new sweaters and shoes.Some people always put the gifts, smiling at everyone.They wear red clothes.You can play with fireworks, but don't play in the room.We can eat a lot of Chinese food, rice dumplings, dumplings.Today is a beautiful day.今天是中国新年的第一天。我穿着新毛衣和鞋子。一些人总是把礼物,对每个人微笑。他们穿着红色的衣服。
你可以玩烟花,但不要在房间里玩。我们可以吃很多中国菜,啊粽子、饺子.今天是一个美好的一天
17.There are 55 students in my class.We study together.We play together.We talk to each other.We help each other.Our class is like a big family.We are very happy.We have a lot of the teacher.They are very kind.They are always good for us.They make us very very hard study.有55名学生在我的班。我们一起研究。我们一起玩。我们相互交谈。我们互相帮助。我们班就像一个大家庭。我们非常高兴。
我们有很多老师。他们非常善良。他们总是对我们好。他们让我们非常非常努力学习。
18.piano and I good at it.So I want to become a piano player.Play the piano is very interesting.And you can learn something of music.Piano can make you like music.A lot of musician and singer are love playing piano.Become a piano play is a hard job.But I believe I can do it.钢琴,我擅长它。所以我想成为一个钢琴家。弹钢琴是非常有趣的。你可以学习一些音乐。钢琴能让你喜欢音乐。许多音乐家和歌手都喜欢弹钢琴。成为一个钢琴演奏是一个辛苦的工作。但是我相信我能做到。
19.Oh!My god.Last Sunday my toothbrush is broken.I can't brush your teeth.So I went shopping with my mother.There are so many toothbrush.Finally, we chose a blue one.I like it very much.So we bought it.My mom says it's good for my teeth.Then we went home.Can I brush my teeth.I'm so happy!哦!我的神。上星期天我的牙刷坏了，我不能刷牙。所以我和我的妈妈去购物.有这么多牙刷。最后,我们选择了一个蓝色的。我非常喜欢它。所以我们买了它。我妈妈说它对我的牙齿有好处。然后我们就回家了。我可以刷我的牙齿。我真快乐!20.We all have neighbors.Neighbors get along well with each other.My neighbour has a daughter.We are the same age, we study in the same school.In the evening we always do homework together.So we often help each other.我们都有邻居。邻居彼此相处得很好。我的邻居有一个女儿。我们是同样的年龄,我们在同一所学校学习。在晚上我们总是在一起做作业。所以我们经常互相帮助。
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