英美文学实践课论文

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第一篇:英美文学实践课论文

《英美文学评论》实践课论文

《红字》中象征手法的应用

2007级杨涛学号:200610510106

【摘要】《红字》使美国作家霍桑誉满全球,也是整个美国浪漫主义小说中最有声望的权威作品之一。作者在作品中采用的象征手法贯穿始终、无处不在,加强了作品的艺术效果,也使压迫下的真、善、美更加动人。本文从红字的多种象征意义、主要人物的人名寓意以及景物寓意等方面入手,研究《红字》中的象征手法。

【关键词】霍桑;《红字》;象征

The Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter

【Abstract】The Scarlet Letter makes the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world.Hawthorne uses the symbolism so skillful that it enhances the artistic effects of his work greatly and makes the sincerity, kind and beauty that are under the oppression more moveable.This paper researches the symbolism in this novel from the following aspects: the changing symbolic meaning of the scarlet letter, the names of the major characters and many objects that are described in the novel to make the symbolism clear to the readers.【Key words】Hawthorne;The Scarlet Letter;Symbolism

1.引言

霍桑是美国19世纪最杰出的浪漫主义小说家。由于他所处的时代是美国浪漫主义文学在美国轰轰烈烈的时代,因此他继承了小说创作中的浪漫主义传统。同时他的作品寓意严肃,大多着力于探索人的道德和精神本性(金志平.崔国政,2003:887)。通过对《红字》中象征手法的探讨,旨在让我们能够更好的了解作者在小说中所要表达的主题。

2.象征

2.1 红字的多种象征意义

没读过此书的人大概不知道书名“红字”一词的含义。就其英文本义“The Scarlet Letter”来讲即红颜色的大写字母之意,实际指代红色的大写字母A(Adultery一词的缩写)。但这也仅仅是其书其文的表面含义,实质其包蕴扩展的隐含意义却更为开阔。海丝特胸前佩带的红字是本书最突出的象征之物。海丝特被迫公开佩带红字来表明她是一个犯了通奸罪的女人,这里红字意为通奸(Adultery)。同时对海丝特来说,这象征这极大的耻辱。然而随着时间的推移,这个字母的含义也发生了变化。从开始镇上的人想把它作为一种惩罚来羞辱海丝特,同时起到震慑别人的作用。但由于海丝特对镇上的人的关心与帮助,它渐渐

意指能干(Able),而非原来的通奸之意。到小说的后面部分,流星在天空中划出A字。在丁梅斯代尔看来这是象征这他的罪孽。而在小镇居民心中,那是天使(Angel)的象征,同时也象征着海丝特。

2.2 人名及景物的寓意

霍桑称《红字》是“寓言式的传奇”。总的说来,它是根据故事主题,也就是它本身以及隐含的意义来设定的(张伯香.龙江,2005:85)。

首先,邢台是象征清教的正义,或者法律的强制执行。此外,它还象征着真理的显示。它在全书中出现三次,而通奸的罪行在这三个场景中都得到揭示。且只有在邢台上,牧师丁梅斯代尔才获得一种内心的安宁。

其次,珠儿在小说中所具有的象征作用。她是海丝特活着的红字。她经常穿着类似红色鲜艳的衣服,她是她母亲罪行的象征。不仅是对母亲的惩罚,也是对她的祝福。她所代表的不仅仅是罪行,也是造成罪行的激情与活力。

最后,小说中的人名也是具有象征意义的。“齐灵沃尔斯”这个名字暗示该人物缺乏人性温暖,并给丁梅斯代尔和海丝特的生活带来寒冷。“丁梅斯代尔”暗示不清楚、昏暗,说明该人物性格软弱,不够果断,缺乏洞察力与坚强的意志。“水蛭”在古英语中指外科大夫,霍桑在这里把它用作双关语。用它的另一个意思是牺牲他人而获得利益。

3.结论

霍桑一生都关注着诸如罪与恶这样的道德问题。对他来说,人性本是恶的。而且这种罪恶长存与人的心中。霍桑认为罪过是会遭到惩罚的。在霍桑的作品中,对十九世纪的宗教控制下的思想充满了随处可见的矛盾。这篇他最著名的《红字》即为鲜明的一例。对于霍桑的评价,有人说他在作品里体现了对于宗教的极其复杂与矛盾的心态,从而体现在作品中,最后的结局总是带着那种宗教式的空虚感。《红字》是霍桑长篇小说的代表作,其故事简短。作者却极其精炼的使用象征和意向来表达主题,他在这一点上的成功恐怕很少人能与之媲美。

【参考文献】

[1]常耀信.《美国文学简史》[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1990.

[2]霍桑.《红字》[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1991.

[3]李公昭.《20 世纪美国文学导论》[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000.

[4]金志平.崔国政.《中外文学名家名著词典》[M].北京 :国际文化出版公司,2003.[5]张伯香.龙江.《英美经典小说赏析》[M].湖北:武汉大学出版社,2005.

第二篇:英美文学选读论文

周雪婷 英语093 090602320

英美文学论文

作为学语言学专业的学生来说,学习不应该拘泥于课本,而英美文学选读这门课程给我们提供了一个可以熟悉国外文化的环境。

就如苏老师所说:若一个学习英语专业的学生竟不知道国外的文学著作,就太土鳖了。最重要的是这门课上的比较轻松,通过电影和PPT给我们展示英美文学比较栩栩如生,并不是单纯的给我们看书或者读书,我感觉比上学期的那个英美概况学到的多很多,这些归功于老师!对于这门课程,若在别的老师教授可能又是无聊的读读,但是苏老师教的时候,即使有事也不想错过这门精彩的一课,不是只为了看点电影,更重要的是觉得自己充实了,或许有些同学觉得看电影丝毫补充不了多少,但是我认为电影不光可以鲜明的展示主人公的性格特点,而且情节衔接紧凑,引人入胜。我想,不止我,我们班的所有同学都喜欢苏老师的上课方式,一点都不夸张啊。

老师需要我们对这门课的建议,用辩证的角度看问题。其实有一小点,在轻松愉快了解英美文学史的同时,我们也希望吸收点名家的语录。就像那次苏老师让我们抄的《简·爱》(Jane Eyre)中简对罗切斯特说的那段话,我希望就是可以多学一点。不一定让我们抄,可以推荐让我们课后自己搜,然后汲取精华。

通过这期课程的学习,《英美文学通论》通过展示异地文化使从原来的我们只模糊的知道莎士比亚到现在却可以对英美文化整体概况有了大致理解。这门课程整体上增进我们对英美文学的了解,了解了各种文学思想、题材、写作方式等,提高了我们的艺术修养,整体激发我们对外国文学的兴趣和热情,进一步陶冶了我们欣赏艺术的情操。本书有两个部分,一部分是整体概括英国文学史,而另一部分是进一步精确阐述各个时期阶段,每个典型作家的特点,风格等。其实每一本文学史都是一个时代的缩影,而这本文学通论也不例外。它从不同的历史阶段阐述了不同历史时期的生活形态。从中古世纪的民族史诗到现实主义文学时期的浪漫主义小说,从杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey

Chaucer)的《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)到托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy)的《德伯家苔丝》(Tess of the D’Urbervilles),每一位作家,每一部作品都透露着作者的的情怀。我欣赏士比亚的挑战喜剧爆满时代的才华;我钦佩丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel Defoe)的现实主义的始创之作——《鲁宾逊漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)的时代精神;我感慨拜伦和雪莱的英年早逝;我赞扬简·爱的追求个性自由、主张人生平等、不向人生低头的坚强性格;我悲伤苔丝的悲惨命运…… 我相信每个国家都有自己一段辉煌的文学史,并不只有中国的上下五千年源远流长的文学史。这本英美文学通论就像一枚发着光的玉,将英美文学的历史隧道栩栩如生的展现在我们面前,我们边走边观光着,或感慨,或唏嘘,或赞叹……

下面三篇是对《简·爱》(Jane Eyre)、《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Heights)和《老人与海》(The old man and the sea)的观后感。

《简·爱》(Jane Eyre)观后感

《简爱》这本小说主要通过描写简·爱与罗切斯特的一波三折的爱情故事塑造了出身低微、生活道路曲折、受尽欺侮和白眼,却从不低头,坚持维护独立自由、追求个性、主张自由、平等、不向人生低头的坚强女性形象。它阐述了这样一个主题:人生的价值=尊严+爱。简·爱是个孤儿,从小寄居篱下,受尽委屈,承受着同龄人不一样的待遇,也许就是因为这些,使她拥有顽强的和百折不屈的精神,一种不可战胜的人格魅力。在罗切斯特面前,她从不因为自己出身卑微而感到卑贱,相反,她觉得人是平等的,也应该受到尊重,也许正是因为这种自尊、高尚的心灵,使得罗切斯特觉得他们是精神上可以与他平等交谈,而且无可自拔的爱上她。但是她们结婚的时候,当简·爱得知他已有妻子时,并没有受到金钱的诱惑而屈尊做他的情妇,而是选择离开。这是多么难能可贵,她多么纠结的离开,在她内心深处她是那么爱罗切斯特,但她依旧选择离开。这种精神需要给现在这个社会浮躁的人,在这个“小三”泛滥的社会,尤其是女士们,在美好,富裕的生活诱导下,坚持自己的个人尊严,这是简·爱教给我们的。我想这种思想对于我们来说真的很重要,它就像导航灯一样,让我们

在这个灯红酒绿的社会不要迷失自己,时刻掌握自己的方向。作者赋予了小说一个圆满的结局,虽然过于完美,甚至有点不切实际的浪漫,但是我依然尊重作者这种对美好的生活的向往。当今社会人的理想常常离不开金钱的帮助,人们都疯狂地为了金钱和地位欺骗自己,宁可抛弃自己爱的人,抛弃自尊,来寻找所谓物质上的富足,而最后变成了没有灵魂,只有漂亮躯壳的外表。故事完美的结局也告诉我们生活并不是一直昏暗,相信明天肯定是美好的,同时也告诉我们要像简·爱一样坚持真爱,时刻保持善良。

《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Heights)观后感

其实我并不是很喜欢呼啸山庄的故事情节,就像老师说的一样,呼啸山庄的故事甚至有点变态,都是在相互的报复。但是,我们这是从普通生活的角度看待,从艺术的角度来说,这部小说展示的是畸形的生活画面。其实每个人都有过极端的内心想法藏在心底角落,正常人都不会做,一旦表现出来就变成了畸形扭曲的人性。就像这部小说一样,作者艾米丽·勃朗特古怪、孤僻的性格,感觉也比较怪异。但是她是内容:旷野,西风,杂草,苍凉的落日,崎岖的地形„„这一切都似乎是一幅完美沧桑的画。故事一开始描写了希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳朝暮相处的童年生活,高潮就是凯瑟琳因为虚荣、无知和林顿结婚,而希斯克利夫出走,终于在发达之后开始回来复仇。最后一阶段希斯克利夫的死亡,而哈里顿和凯蒂的相爱最终恢复了正常的人性。希斯克利夫的感情变化;爱—恨—复仇是贯穿整个小说的始终。艾米丽将所有的感情都赋予了这个受苦的弃儿身上,或爱,或恨。最后希斯克利夫临死前放弃了下一代身上报复的念头,表明了他的本性还是善良的,只是由于残酷的现实扭曲了他的天性,迫使他变得残酷无情。我之所以一样的欣赏这部小说,不仅因为作者独特的思想性格,还有哥特式的渲染气息。有些场景看起来气氛压抑,令人恐惧。窗外是凹凸不平的荒野,光线很昏暗,风呼呼的把窗帘吹起来,枯枝忽然伸进窗内„„整个画面多少有点怪异,回想起来都有点不寒而栗,但是我就喜欢那种感觉。所以我也喜欢这种电影,像《暮光之城》,《吸血鬼日记》等,但是《呼啸山庄》是这类文学的鼻祖,因此我特别钦佩艾米

丽的才华,一个与外界没有多少交集的人竟然有这些细腻的思想和非凡的艺术,真的很钦佩。

《老人与海》(The old man and the sea)观后感

小时候就读过《老人与海》,但是可能比较小,并不知道它的真谛,只是觉得就是一个普通的故事。时间从指缝间流逝,现在我忽然觉得这部作品很伟大!海明威(ErnestHemingway)用他的笔向我们诠释了一个硬汉子的特征:面对大海,他从不畏惧,对他向往的理想义无反顾的追求,即使遇到了凶猛的鲨鱼,他依然搏斗,直到筋疲力尽,拖着大马林鱼的鱼骨架回到岸上。虽然表面上,老人是个被鲨鱼打败的失败者,恰恰相反,他用自己的鱼骨架向人们证明他完全是个胜利者。这个故事给我留下最深刻的印象是这样一句话:But a man is not made for defeat, a man can be destroyed, but not defeat.他没有多少豪言壮志,也没有多少饱读诗书,这样的话只能是一个人高尚灵魂的倾诉。人生的旅途上,不可能一帆风顺,等待我们更多的是荆棘的困难、险阻,因为我们都在生活着,也有很多无奈,难过的时候,迷惘地时候,失落的时候,想想《老人与海》中的圣地亚哥,心就会豁达了许多。这部小说就像潜伏在心底的一轮太阳,在你低谷的时候,它忽然为你照亮前面的路。有时候,就是这样,为了自己的理想,在困难面前,需要拿出想圣地亚哥这样的铁汉子精神,执着、刚强、勇敢、毫不畏惧,只有这样,才能真正的驾驭自己命运,做自己的主人。

这门课程教给了我们远不止文学史这么简单,在受到文学艺术熏陶的同时,我们也伴随故事所传达的精髓一起成长。

第三篇:英美文学

Analysis of Robinson Crusoe

2009级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s

failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only

indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full

understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a

remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and

never lose hope.

第四篇:英美文学

术语解释:

Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:

1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI

1591The First part of King Henry VI

1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors

1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew

1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet

1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream

***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V

1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It

1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will

In the second period:

1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well

160416051606Antony and Cleopatra

1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens

1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre

In the third period:

1609Cymbeline, King of Britain

1610The Winter’s Tale

1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII

7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人)

John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1

out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻画人物。

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部现实主义小说,作品的主题是通过对主人公鲁滨孙的成功刻画,歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏艰难和困苦,充满野心和冒险精神,富有百折不挠,顽强毅力和斗志,依靠自己的双手改变一切、创造一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力,通过描写格列佛四次遇险,写出了作者看透了当代的腐败,以讽刺的方法,抨击了当时腐败的社会。Attack the Britain

parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on

surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express

Transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验,认为世间万物都是平等的。

Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between

mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏

Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否将你比作夏天?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残,And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,转眼会云雾迷蒙。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘零,By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于无常的天命。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫发无损。

Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的诗中长存。

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽,永葆你的芳颜。

全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格(iambic pentameter),包括三个四行组(quatrain)和一个对偶句(couplet),采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式,即abab cdcd efef gg。

二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇,破坏意美

Sonnet 29

When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼,I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘零,And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影,诅咒自己的生辰,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于希望,Featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似,又和他一样广交游,Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求这人的渊博,那人的内行,With what I most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头;

Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是,当我正要这样看轻自己,Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你,于是我的精神,Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地

From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升,高唱着圣歌在天门:

For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有,That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。

赏析:对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格(iambic pentameter).韵式,即abab

cdcd efef gg。

To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鸟 》

-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特

Whither, 'midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠,While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空灿烂,白日的行程就要结束;

Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际,Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤单的前程追逐?

总结:As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are

going?

Vainly the fowler's eye看你远远飞翔而无计可施,Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾;

As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你映衬,Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。

总结:the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to

bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨,Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖?

Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩,On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏?

• 总结:are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?

There is a Power whose care有上苍把你关照,Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在无路的海岸为你指路,The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和无边的空际,Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤单的飘荡不致迷途。

• 总结:There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕动翅膀,At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空气稀薄暴风寒冷,飞在高处,Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地,Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。

总结:you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就会结束这样的劳苦,Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即将找到你夏天的住处;

And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼唤自己的伙伴,Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。

• 总结:you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will

end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身躯全被吞没,Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深渊里,你踪影全无;

Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底,And shall not soon depart.我将久久地久久地把它记住。

• 总结:I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,谁,从一个地方到另一个地方,Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越无限的天空作必然的飞翔,In the long way that I must tread alone,也会在我必须独自跋涉的长途上,Will lead my steps aright.正确地引导我的脚步。

赏析:There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.

第五篇:英美文学

《英美文学》复习方法

一、找到《英美文学》的辅导书,例如《自考一本通》《自考直通车》等类型的汉语版辅导书。

二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读,理解了全书每个章节的内容和知识点;用汉语记录重点;

三、第一轮复习顺序:

1、先看英国文学,后看美国文学

2、按照时间顺序看,每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品

3、按照课本的章节顺序,看完汉语译文后,对照英语译文,划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派,代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题;评论部分是简单题和问答题;*只看代表性的重要信息,非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看;记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家,哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。

4、按照章节划出重点信息,然后整理笔记;

5、全部整理完毕之后,基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。

四、第二轮复习顺序

1、找到历年真题,做题的时候对照答案,寻找该答案在课文原文中的原始线索,并作好整理记录;

2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后,对课本的重点知识就有了比较清楚的理解;

五、考前突击复习

1、依据真题笔记和第二轮复习的笔记,对不熟悉的部分进行重点复习。

2、根据以往考题的研究,旧题还会重新考,所以大家要关注所有做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性知识的部分,这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了,所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点知识网络,所以认真复习真题并理解消化,整理帮助记忆,这对于考试制胜是最好的办法。

*警告:千万不要抛开课本直接做真题;

千万不要死记硬背,而是要在理解的基础上反复读,抄写,默记;反复整理笔记,新的笔记只记录没有掌握好的,直到最后的笔记成为提纲式的。

〈高级英语〉复习方法说明;

一、对照辅导书,精读课文,做课后练习;

二、找来历年考试真题,认真做,查到答案在课本中的相关地方

三、认真复习真题,总结知识点;错题本,反复研究错题

四、回到课本,从头到尾认真阅读课文,全面复习重点知识点;

五、整理真题,再次复习错题;

*高级英语上下册32个单元,复习面积很大,所以必须早动手,狠下功夫。

祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成绩!

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