第一篇:中国社会与文化(英语)名词解释
(SAR): Special administrative regions was established specially designed for solving Hong Kong and Macao issues based on the concept of “one country , two systems ”.SAR has more autonomous power regulated clearly by laws, including executive , legislative and independent judicial power.木鱼 :a percussion instrument made of a hollow wooden block, originally used by Buddhist monks to beat rhythm when chanting scriptures.)古筝A plucked string instrument.It is built with a special wooden sound body with strings arched across movable bridges along the length of the instrument for the purpose of turning.The present-day zither usually has 21-25 strings.Lunar calendar :tradition Chinese calendar, according to which a common year has 354 or355 days in total, 12months of 30 days or29,and a lunar leap year has 383or384days in 13month.According to changes in the position of the sun, a solar year is divided into 24 seasonal division points to farming牌坊:Also called pailou, is an archway usually made from fine wood or stone, and painted or decorated with glazed tiles.Calligraphers are usually requested to write moral inscription to be carved into the middle beam.These structures usually stand in downtown areas , or at the entrances of mausoleums, temples, bridges and parks.无为Let things take their own course and do nothing.It’s the basic concept of Taoism, an attitude towards the world and political ideology held by ancient Taoism.儒家:Confucianism is a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius.The school takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code of behaviour..benecolence and justice, allegiance and forbearance.墨家:Moism:based on the teachings of Mozi, cherishes universal love which states that if all the people in the world loved one another, there wold be no hatred,calamities, and hostilities.In politics and ethics Mohism advocates honoring virtuous people, opposing fatalism and aggressive wars, and upholding thriftiness and simple funerals 法家:Legalism,begun by Han Feizi, espouses laying down laws to unify the thought of people, promoting agriculture to achieve affluence ,waging wars to gain strength and power ,and establishing a system of bureaucracy.
第二篇:中国社会与文化
姓名:徐林学号:1106010226
班级:旅英二班日期:12月5号
What Have I Learned From Olympic Games?
To begin with, I must admit that I used to be ignorant of Olympics, because I am really not interested in sports.Exactly speaking, I nearly knew nothing about it.But things have changed.This year's London Olympics drew much of my attention when I was enjoying my summer holiday.It was by an accident that I watched CCTV-5 when I had my breakfast, just at that time I saw us Chinese athlete won a gold medal, and our National Anthem was played in the stadium.I felt extremely excited and proud.I knew the honor not only belongs to the athletes themselves but also belongs to our country.Indeed, it had aroused my patriotism.Later on, I began to focus on Olympic Games.Even I stayed up every night in order to watch those fantastic events.The Olympics lasted for half a month.I was always round the TV, paying close attention to the performance of Chinese athletes and also the medal table.What made me arrogant was that we China almost ranked Number 1 every day.Although the final result was that America took the first place, I didn't feel depressed or angry, since I had witnessed the whole progress.I knew America deserved it, because their athletes were really excellent, especially in track and field and swimming.China had its own strengths, such as gymnastics, badminton, table tennis and diving.In my point of view, what Chinese athletes need to do is to play to the advantages and strengthen their weaknesses.During London Olympic Games, I had been familiar with many famous athletes in the world.At the same time, I was deeply touched by some of them, either by their previous experiences or by their performance in the competition.It has been a long time after the Olympics ended, but I am still eager to speak out.It was them who made me interested in sports and gave me inspiration.When I recall those athletes
from my memory, the first one who come to my mind is Liu Xiang.Since he had ever won the champaign in 110 metres hurdles in the Athens Olympics.For Chinese
people, It was really a miracle.Compared with European people and African people,1
Asians were always weak in this event.While he quitted the competition in Beijing Olympic Games.Consequently, people from all over the world all expected to see his performance in London.I was no exception.I clearly rememer how excited I was that afternoon on August 7th.I am looking forward to his appearance.When he first came to my sight, he just put on a charming smile on his face.Without everyone's
expectation, Liu Xiang crashed at the first barrier in the 110m hurdles heats.At that moment, I was totally shocked, I just looked at the screen, too frightened to say a word.Unconsciously, tears had been in my eyes.I knew it was a disaster for both
himself and all Chinese people.It was the worst result that we can imagine.However, Liu Xiang, is a strong person.He jumped on one foot to kiss the hurdle, seemingly he was saying goodbye to his beloved sport.My heart was deeply moved.The only
thought in my mind was that he would recover soon.We had been proud of him, and it was obvious to all that he earned much honors for China.For me, I think we should admire his achievements rather than his mistakes.Table tennis match caught much of my attention because of an athlete named
Wang Hao.He had ever won second place two times both in Athens and Beijing
Olympic Games.So,this time in London, he was expected to win a gold medal, for it probably was his last time to take part in Olympics.But the result remains the same, it happened a third time.What a shame it was!He must feel much regretful.But the destiny was totally indifferent to him, and he had nothing to do but accept the
outcome.From his experience, I realized that I must stick to my dream no matter how bad the result would be.As long as there is opportunity, I ought to seize it without any hesitation.It was him who encouraged me.I love his spirit.I can not wait to mention another person.He is Jordan Jovtchev , the president of Bulgarian Gymnastic Association.This year he is at the age of 39.It was the six time he had taken part in Olympics.In the hand ring event, I noticed him because of his
gray head and his wrinkled face.It was reported that he had to participate in this event, since Bulgaria was in bad need of gymnasts.As a athlete, he is obvious old, compared with other players.As a Bulgarian, he sacrifice a lot for his country.Although he
didn't get high scores, I still pay my respect to him.It was him who let us know what
is sportsmanship.I sincerely appreciate him.Olympic Games is an excellent activity which attracts people all over the world together.In the competition, everyone is equal to everyone else.It doesn't matter whether you are black or white, rich or poor;no matter what your background is.People just come to this place for their sport dream.In a certain sense, Olympic
Games contributes to the world peace and harmony.Thanks to Coubertin,the Father of the Olympics, we can enjoy sports with people from different countries in a
peaceful way.In the end, I want to say that sports really add much happiness to every people's life.Now, I am quite interested in sports, and I am looking forward to the next Olympics in Rio.
第三篇:尔雅中国社会与文化
“铁肩担道义,妙手著文章”形容的是以下哪个职业?()A、新闻工作者 B、律师 C、教师 D、政治家
我的答案A 得分: 0.0分 2 孙志刚事件促进了以下哪项法律法规的废止?()A、《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》 B、《城市户口管理暂行条例》 C、《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》 D、《城市流浪乞讨人员收容遣送办法》 我的答案:D 得分: 25.0分 3 1978年著名的社论《实践是检验真理的唯一标准》最初发表在哪份报纸上? A、人民日报 B、参考消息 C、光明日报 D、新华日报
我的答案:C 得分: 25.0分 4 从社会影响而言,新闻最根本的属性是每日都在影响社会的工作。()我的答案:√ 《纽约世界报》的创办者是()。
A、赫斯特 B、贝内特 C、普利策
D、亨利·斯坦利
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
“人有多大胆,地有大产”是以下哪个时期的政治口号?()
A、文化大革命时期 B、大跃进时期 C、改革开放时期 D、国内战争时期
我的答案:B得分: 25.0分
新闻工作者要在短时间内做出准确全面的判断,离不开其平时对于社会现状的了解和知识积累。()
我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
《纽约世界报》和《纽约新闻报》的竞争对越南战争的发生负有不可推卸的责任。()我的答案:×
提出“文化是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗和任何人作为一名社会成员而获得的能力和习惯在内的复杂整体。”这一定义的人是()。
A、斯宾塞 B、列维.斯特劳斯 C、泰勒
D、莫斯
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
“中国特有的国情”最主要的是指()。
A、独特的地理环境 B、庞大的人口基数 C、特殊的政治体制
D、不曾中断的历史和文化传统 我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
下列说法中,不正确的一项是()。
A、文化中的物质文化层指的是物质生产方式以及产品的总和 B、礼俗、民俗等属于行为文化层 C、价值观是人的精神内核之一
D、文化是自然形成的,它不依赖于历史和环境 我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
关于“文化”,学界已经有了统一一致的概念与说法。()我的答案:×得分: 20.0分
客观、公正、真实、准确是对新闻工作者的要求。()我的答案:√ 中国是在以下哪次会议上作出了实行改革开放决策的?() A、遵义会议 B、十一届五中全会 C、十一届三中全会
D、第十二次全国代表大会
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
中国改革开放30年来取得的最大的成就是()。
A、教育改革 B、人口流动 C、经济发展
D、言论自由
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
亚洲四小龙是:中国香港、新加坡、韩国和中国上海。()我的答案:X得分: 0.0分
宗教信仰属于文化的心态文化层。()我的答案:√ 1 提出要“彻底消除垄断理论后果”和“使社会政治思维发生急剧的转折”的苏联领导人是()。
A、赫鲁晓夫 B、叶利钦 C、戈尔巴乔夫
D、斯大林
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
戈尔巴乔夫的“新思维”理论,是在以下哪本著作中提出的?()
A、《民主的模式》
B、《对过去和未来的思考》 C、《离开克里姆林》
D、《改革与新思维》
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
“休克疗法”是在以下哪位俄罗斯领导人在位时期提出的改革方案?()
A、赫鲁晓夫 B、叶利钦 C、戈尔巴乔夫
D、斯大林
我的答案:B得分: 20.0分
十一届三中全会上确立了中国社会主义市场经济体制改革目标。()我的答案:×得分: 20.0分
知青上山下乡运动从50年代开始一直持续到文化大革命结束。()我的答案:√ 1
柏林墙的倒塌发生在哪一年?()
A、1987年 B、1988年 C、1989年
D、1990年
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
驱动中国经济发展的两大动力包括:改革开放的政策和()。
A、政治的开明环境 B、科学技术的进步 C、中国人民的勤劳奋进 D、海外华人的投资
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
改革开放的根本精神和首要经验是什么?()
A、与时俱进 B、求真务实
C、百花齐放,百家争鸣 D、解放思想
我的答案:A得分: 20.0分
中国的改革开放以及俄罗斯的“休克疗法”都取得了巨大的成功。()我的答案:X得分: 0.0分
温州的经济发展模式是内向型的。()
我的答案:√ 1
中国历代封建王朝最基本的经济指导思想是()。
A、小国寡民 B、坊市制度 C、闭关锁国
D、重农抑商
我的答案:D得分: 0.0分
厚德载物”最早出自以下哪本文献?
A、《诗经》 B、《周易》 C、《道德经》
D、《尚书》
我的答案:B得分: 20.0分
以下描述属于小农经济下中国人的观念的是()。
A、对土地的衣服 B、对家族的情感 C、对祖先的崇拜
D、以上都包括
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
在小农经济条件下,农业生产是最根本的经济发展模式。()我的答案:√得分: 20.0分
明代的“一条鞭法”是由海瑞提出的。()
我的答案:X 1
在中国社会文化意识形态中长期占统治地位的是()。
A、墨家思想 B、道家思想 C、法家思想
D、儒家思想
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
中国古代最重要的祭祀是什么?()
A、社稷 B、傩 C、祭孔大典
D、祭祀太一
我的答案:A得分: 25.0分
印度社会的阶级性体现为种姓制度。()我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
“天人感应”论的提出者是老子,他认为自然现象都可以用来解释社会政治的变化。()我的答案:× 以下说法不正确的一项是()。
A、道德规范是适应小农经济群居生活方式而产生的
B、“孝”是中国长期小农经济基础孕育出来的观念 C、小农经济下人民习惯离群索居
D、家族式聚居是最经济、成本最低的一种聚居方式 我的答案C得分: 0.0分
下列关于老子的理想社会说法错误的是()。
A、小国寡民 B、无为而治 C、人民知足常乐
D、等级分明
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
梁惠王是战国时期哪个国家的国君?() A、齐国 B、魏国 C、韩国
D、赵国
我的答案:B得分: 20.0分
中国1949年人口约为()。
A、一亿 B、两亿 C、三亿
D、四亿
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
《论贵粟疏》的作者是董仲舒。我的答案:×
《关于公布汉字简化方案的决议》是在什么时候正式实施的?()
A、1954年 B、1955年 C、1956年
D、1957年
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
在1949年,中国的文盲数量占总人口的比例是()。 A、90% B、80% C、70%
D、60%
我的答案:B得分: 25.0分
在中国识字在5000以下的即被认为是文盲。()我的答案:×得分: 25.0分
多子多福的观念是由小农经济社会的生产方式决定的。()我的答案:√ 1
认为中国文学传统“始于悲者终于欢”的人是()。
A、王国维 B、董仲舒 C、白居易
D、陈寅恪
我的答案:A得分: 25.0分
以下文学作品中,不属于悲剧作品的是()。
A、《赵氏孤儿》 B、《窦娥冤》
C、《梁山伯与祝英台》 D、《钦差大臣》
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
乐观积极是“天人合一”观念的精神产物。()我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
学界倾向于将《红楼梦》归类为喜剧。()我的答案:×
“和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(一)1
科学发展观的提出者是()。
A、习近平 B、江泽民 C、邓小平
D、胡锦涛
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
中国特色社会主义的本质属性是()。
A、自由民主 B、人民富强 C、社会和谐
D、法治社会
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
成绩:100.0分已完成 《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》是在以下哪次会议上通过的?()
A、中共第十一届中央委员会第三次全体会议 B、中共第十六届中央委员第六次全体会议 C、中共第十七次全国代表大会 D、中共第十三届中央委员会 我的答案:B得分: 25.0分
和谐社会理念的提出是对国际社会“单边主义”的反抗,是提倡世界多样性的体现。()我的答案:√
和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(二)已完成成绩: 100.0分
“天下为公”是由谁最早提出的?()
A、孔子 B、孟子 C、老子
D、荀子
我的答案:A得分: 20.0分
首次提出用“小康”一词来描述四个现代化战略目标的人是()。
A、朱镕基 B、江泽民 C、邓小平
D、温家宝
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
“四个现代化”不包括以下哪点?()
A、工业现代化 B、农业现代化
C、国防现代化
D、教育现代化
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
“大道之行也,天下为公”出自《礼记·礼运》。()我的答案:√得分: 20.0分
“四个现代化”的提出比“小康社会”晚。()我的答案:×
和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(三)已完成成绩: 100.0分
以下属于2002年江泽民提出的全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标的是()。
A、经济更加发展、民主更加健全。B、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣。C、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。D、以上都是
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
在中国,被称为“东方巴黎”的城市是()。
A、北京 B、深圳 C、上海
D、香港
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
以下是目前我国主要国内问题的是()。
A、贫富差距 B、城乡差距 C、地区差距
D、以上都是
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
现代的“礼”的意思和古代的“礼”概念是一样的。()我的答案:×
和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(四)已完成成绩: 100.0分
“全面建设小康社会”的奋斗目标是在哪次会议上正式提出的?()
A、十四大 B、十五大 C、十六大
D、十七大
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
“礼,王之大经也”出自于哪部著作?()
A、《礼记》 B、《尚书》 C、《论语》
D、《左传》
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
下列国家没有在《京都议定书》上签字的是()。
A、日本 B、中国 C、美国
D、澳大利亚
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分 单边主义是现代社会中,美国等国家实施的外交政策。()我的答案:×
和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(五)已完成成绩: 100.0分
法国的哪位作家将抢劫圆明园的英法联军称为“两个强盗”并极力谴责这种行为?()
A、雨果 B、巴尔扎克 C、莫泊桑
D、福楼拜
我的答案:A得分: 20.0分
“既来之,则安之”出自()。
A、《大学》 B、《论语》 C、《中庸》
D、《礼记》
我的答案:B得分: 20.0分
中国的航海日设立于()。
A、2002年7月11日 B、2003年7月11日 C、2004年7月11日
D、2005年7月11日
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
单边主义的实质是主张文明的单一化和同质化。()我的答案:√得分: 20.0分 经济越发达,幸福的指数越高。()我的答案:×
和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(六)已完成成绩: 100.0分
《说文解字》中“和”的意思是()
A、乐器名 B、相互应和 C、祭祀用品
D、说话
我的答案:B得分: 25.0分
马如森认为甲骨文的“龢”的本义是()。
A、装饰品 B、酒具 C、礼器
D、乐器
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
“和”与“龢”在古代意思是一样的。()我的答案:×得分: 25.0分
和谐世界和单边主义的实质是文明的多样性和单一性的问题。()我的答案:√
和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(七)已完成成绩:1
晏子探讨“和”与“同”时拿什么做比喻?()
A、战争
100.0分
B、动物 C、食物
D、历史名人
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
《论语·子路》中的“狂狷”中“狷”的意思是()。
A、冒进 B、畏缩 C、狂妄
D、不讲规则
我的答案:B得分: 25.0分
古代的大同社会理想与全面建设小康社会和和谐社会具有相通之处。我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
中国古代只有儒家一家提倡“和”的观念 我的答案:×
和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(八)已完成成绩: 100.0分
道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物”中“二”指()。
A、天地 B、男女 C、阴阳
D、山水
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
以下说法中,正确的是()。
A、董仲舒之前,儒家思想的传统是不研究怪力乱神之事 B、鉴真和尚是为了弘扬佛法而到日本的 C、老子的学说具有朴素的辩证法思想 D、以上都正确
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
中国古代哲学史中很多著名的观点,都渗透着和谐的概念。()我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
“阴阳”指的是相互矛盾,相互排斥的事物。()我的答案:×
和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(九)已完成成绩:1
《周易》中一共有多少卦?()
A、32 B、49 C、64
D、128
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
《周易》中所说的“三才”不包括()。
A、天 B、地 C、人
D、道
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
儒学的神学化是从()开始的。
A、孟子
分 100.0 B、董仲舒 C、荀子
D、程颐
我的答案:B得分: 20.0分
中国的五行观念,体现了事物之间的什么关系?()
A、对立 B、矛盾 C、和谐
D、转化
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
阴阳是中国哲学思想中最核心的观点之一。()我的答案:√
“和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(十)已完成成绩:1
古代“刘郎”、“红雨”可以指代()。
A、柳树 B、杏 C、桃
D、荔枝
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
“章台柳”的典故出自哪位诗人?()
A、韩翃 B、元稹 C、白居易
D、苏轼
我的答案:A得分: 20.0分
80.0分 《红楼梦》后四十回是()写的。
A、曹雪芹 B、吴敬梓 C、高鹗
D、方以智
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
《俄狄浦斯王》属于古罗马悲剧。()我的答案:X分: 0.0分
对于一个民族来说,哲学武装的是人的头脑,文学铸就的是人的灵魂。()我的答案:√
和谐”理念溯源与价值评析
(十一)已完成成绩: 80.0分
“翠玉白菜”被收藏在以下哪个机构?()
A、大英博物馆 B、法国罗浮宫 C、北京故宫博物馆
D、台北故宫博物院
我的答案:D得分: 0.0分
玉的“五德说”出自()。
A、《水池篇》 B、《说文解字》 C、《礼记》
D、《周礼》
我的答案:B得分: 20.0分 成语“止戈为武”出自于哪部著作?()
A、《吕氏春秋》 B、《国语》 C、《左传》
D、《尚书》
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
以下说法中错误的是()。
A、中国文学中的男主角都是多是勇武刚强的 B、金庸小说中侠客具有才子化的倾向 C、西方文学中具有“英雄美人”的传统 D、中国古代小说中有着普遍的“才子佳人”模式 我的答案:A得分: 20.0分
“远人不服,则修文德以来之”是孟子说的。()我的答案:×
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(一)已完成成绩: 100.0分
从知识结构来说,教育结构呈现如下哪些特征,才更有利于社会的发展?()
A、陀螺型 B、菱形 C、金字塔形
D、倒金字塔形
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
下列哪个不属于我国教育现状?()
A、中小学生负担过重 B、高校学生人数逐年递增 C、技术学院招收学生逐年递减 D、教育地区发展不平衡
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
在中国学生负担过重,主要指以下哪些方面?()
A、课程负担 B、业余学习 C、心理负担
D、以上都有
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
“尊重知识,尊重人才”的口号是在1977年提出的。()我的答案:√
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(二)已完成成绩:1
长期以来,我国教育最薄弱的环节是()。
A、高等院校教育 B、学前教育 C、义务教育
D、中等实用型人才教育
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
《新工具》的作者是()。
A、笛卡尔 B、维柯 C、培根
D、斯宾诺莎
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
下列说法不正确的是()。
100.0分 A、很多学生选择中等职业学校就读通常是无奈之举 B、我国自古就十分注重教育
C、人们的教育观念深受传统文化和思想的影响 D、我国的高等院校数量上已经基本满足学生上学需要 我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
培根认为读什么能够使人庄重?()
A、历史 B、伦理 C、逻辑
D、诗歌
我的答案:B得分: 20.0分
从国家的角度讲,中国的普及教育呈现着重高等教育而轻实用型技术人才教育的倾向。()我的答案:√
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(三)已完成成绩: 80.0分
《左传》中“三立”标准不包括()。
A、立德 B、立功 C、立言
D、立名
我的答案:D得分: 20.0分
以下说法错误的是()。
A、西方人认为,学习到一定程度,就该为官为国家提供服务 B、西方的教育倡导每一个人努力地使自己变成精英 C、启蒙运动是西方的思想解放运动 D、西方的人们倾向于认为学习是个人的事情 我的答案:A得分: 20.0分
以下不属于四书的是()。
A、《论语》 B、《中庸》 C、《尚书》
D、《孟子》
我的答案:C得分: 20.0分
培根认为,我们应当为了辩驳,为了言谈与议论而读书。()我的答案:X: 0.0分
培根认为,读书为学的用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。()我的答案:√
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(四)已完成成绩:1
因“削桐封地”而成为晋国的始祖的是()。
A、叔虞 B、姬发 C、重耳
D、史佚
我的答案:A得分: 25.0分
以下不属于孔子主张的是()。
A、为政以德 B、礼治 C、人性本恶
D、有教无类
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
75.0分 3
中国古代思想流派虽然众多,但是共同点是它们都将纲常和伦理。()我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
“君君,臣臣,父父,子子”出自《中庸》。()我的答案:X
《资治通鉴》的编纂者是()。
A、司马迁 B、司马谈 C、司马懿
D、司马光
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
《资治通鉴》一书的根本目的是()。
A、总结军事经验 B、梳理民族关系 C、以史为鉴,帮助统治 D、批判历代君王
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
《资治通鉴》的内容以政治、军事和民族关系为主,兼及经济、文化和历史人物评价。()我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
《资治通鉴》是一部纪传体通史。()我的答案:X
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(六)已完成成绩: 100.0分
“学而优则仕”成为中华民族文化传统源于农业社会的哪项基本国策?()
A、闭关锁国 B、天下大同 C、重农抑末
D、小国寡民
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
“重本抑末”中的“本”指的是什么?()
A、手工业 B、畜牧业 C、商业
D、农业
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
商业活动本身具有强烈的社会不安定因素。()我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
东汉的王符强调农业的重要性,认为其他行业都可以忽略。()我的答案:×
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(七)已完成成绩:1
提出“君子喻于义,小人喻于利”的人是()。
A、老子 B、孟子 C、孔子
D、墨子
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
100.0分 2
认为“商人对于以前一切都停滞不变,可以说由于世袭而停滞不变的社会来说,是一个革命的要素”的人是()
A、毛泽东 B、列宁 C、马克思
D、恩格斯
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
中国古代的七科谪戍之法中,农民排在第一科的位置。()我的答案:×得分: 25.0分
重土重农思想可以达到稳定统治的目的,因此在古代受到统治者的高度重视。()我的答案:√
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(八)已完成成绩: 100.0分
汉武帝时期确立的官吏选拔制度是()。
A、钦点制 B、科举制 C、世袭制
D、察举制
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
华佗是哪个时代的人?()
A、秦朝 B、三国 C、东汉 D、西汉 我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
髡刑指的是()。
A、剪头发 B、脸上刺字 C、割膝盖骨
D、剜眼
我的答案:A得分: 25.0分
华佗取得了辉煌的成就,在当时也得到了民众与社会的尊重。()我的答案:×
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(九)已完成成绩:1
中国科举制度开始于什么时期?()
A、三国 B、汉朝 C、隋朝
D、唐朝
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
科举制度在什么时候结束的?()
A、宣统年间 B、光绪年间 C、嘉庆年间
D、同治年间
我的答案:B得分: 25.0分
“己所不欲,勿施于人”是哪一学派的处事原则?()
A、道家
100.0分 B、墨家 C、法家
D、儒家
我的答案:D得分: 25.0分
唐代科举制中进士的考取比明经更为容易。()我的答案:×
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(十)已完成成绩:1
明清时期的乡试一共考三门,其中不包括()。
A、诗词 B、四书 C、五经
D、应用文
我的答案:A得分: 25.0分
中国历史上最后一次科举考试是哪一年举行的?()
A、1899年 B、1900年 C、1901年
D、1902年
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
乡试的考场称为“贡院”。()我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
唐宋科考与明清科考有所不同,唐宋重诗词歌赋,明清重四书五经。()我的答案:√
100.0分
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(十一)已完成成绩: 100.0分
《中国科技发展史》的作者是哪位英国汉学家?()
A、顾彬 B、宇文索安 C、李约瑟
D、李陀
我的答案:C得分: 25.0分
“投之以桃,报之以李”出自()。
A、《论语》 B、《诗经》 C、《礼记》
D、《大学》
我的答案:B得分: 25.0分
“一人得道,鸡犬升天。”在很大程度是中国家族式制度造成的。()我的答案:√得分: 25.0分
三国时期的《黄帝内经》中已提出解剖学的概念。()我的答案:×
中国当代教育问题背后的文化基因
(十二)已完成成绩:1
以下哪项不属于上层建筑?()
A、政府部门 B、生产关系 C、法律制度 D、意识形态和思维
100.0分
我的答案:B得分: 25.0分
四大发明在以下哪个地区创造了最高的价值?()
A、西方 B、中国 C、东南亚
D、南亚
我的答案:A得分: 25.0分
“李约瑟难题”是有关中国文学的反思。()我的答案:×得分: 25.0分
一般而言,所有的制度和思想形态都可以从物质基础上来解释。()我的答案:√
第四篇:中国社会与文化答案(十)
中国社会与文化答案
(十)选择题
1、“至哉坤元”的“至”是什么意思。
C、最伟大的2、以下对中西方戏剧说法错误的是?
D、戏剧是中国出现的最早的文字类型。
3、改革开放之初,如此多的海外华人投资大陆建设,是受到了下列哪些因素的影响?
A、叶落归根
4、改革开放的根本精神和首要经验是什么?
C、与时俱进
5、以下关于“社稷”的说法正确的是?
D、以上说法都正确
是非题
1、“孝”也是中国小农经济基础孕育出来的观念么?
是
2、叶落归根的最核心内涵是忠孝观念。
是
3、中国古代的天子概念和西方的上帝概念是相对应的。否
4、墨家的核心思想是重农抑商。
否
5、印度人也认为自己的发展和中国有差距,这种说法对么? 是
第五篇:英语国家社会与文化入门2名词解释
1.American Indians
American Indians , who were mistakenly called by Columbus, moved to the
Americas from Asia about 25 000 years ago.They developed their own aboriginal cultures and some of them such as the Aztecs, the Incas and the mayas were very advanced when Europeans arrived in the New World.But, as a result of European conquest, the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessly destroyed.2.the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congresson July 4,1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for
their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document
declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of governments:the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governmemts was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.3.Ggeorge Washington
George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States.4.Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic He was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States.5.Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the U.S.Constitution.6.the Articles of Confederation
After the War of Independence was won, the new nation of the United States was organized under the agreement of the Articles of Confederation with a weak national
government called the Congress.Each state had its own government, made its own laws and handle its internal affairs.The states did not cooperate with the Congress and with each other.The Congress had no power to force anystate to contribute money to the national government and the Congress could not tax any citizen either.As a ressult,the Articles of Confederation failed.7.the Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights consssists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.8.Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney is an American inventor who invented the cotton gin, which made
removing the seeds from the bolls of cotton much easier.He also began manufacuring rifles with machinery, using interchanageable part.This contributed to the American system of mass
production.9.service industries
Service industries are industries that sell a service rather than make a product.Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants.Aas more and more people are employed iin service industries in the US, it is sometimed said that the US has moved into a “post-industrial era “.10.stock
When starting or expanding business, corporations need to borrow money.They may issue stocks for people to buy.When people buy stock, they become part owner of the company.If the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it.Likewise, if the company loses money, the stockholders will not make a profit or the value of their shares will drop---they lose money.Therefore buying s tock is a risk.11.Mattin Luther Ling,Jr
Martin Luther King,Jr.,an Atlanta-born Baptist minister, was the leader of the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of the 1960s.To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregationand other kindds of social injustice, King organized a series of “marches”.King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful protest, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.12.Counter Culture
In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left appeared a
phenomenon that historians called the “counter culture.” The Counter Culture rejected capitalism andd other American principles.They had morals different from those taught by their parents.Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.The counter culture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social
mores,marriage,career,and success.13.Now:
With the publication of The Feminine Mystique in 1963,Betty Friedan became the chief spokesperson of the Women’s Liberation Movement.In her book,she compared the American family,or the American society as a whole,to a “comfortable concentration camp”,where women were discriminated against and oppressed.In 1996,she helped to found the national Organization for Women(NOW).A reform organization,NOW battle for “equal rights in parnership with men.14.white-collar crimes
White-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as the
crimes of fraud,false advertising,corporate price fixing,bribery,embezzlement,industrial pollution,tax evasion and so on.Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overrlook white-collar crimes.In fact,white-collarcrimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies.Some sociologists aargue that the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes.15.the abuse of power by government
People believe that public organizations in the United States sometimes work in concert to advance their own interests rather than those of the people.Government in America is widely distrusted for the lack of answerability.Americans were convinced that the Johnson and Nixon administrations were deliberately and systematically lying to the people in the war against Vietnam and in the Watergate scandal.The FBI and the CIA are responsible for thousands of illegal acts.All these acts show the abuse of power by government.16.Richard Nixon
Richard Buxib was the former President of the United states… Iin the early 1970s, he was involved in the Watergate scandal, for which he was forced to resign from the presidency.17.the Prairies
The prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba lie east of the Rockies.The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continental climate.They are called the breadbasket of Canada becaussse the land is well-suited to farming, and wheat is one of the biggest agricultural crops in this area.The praairies are also rich in energy resources.18.central Canada
Central Canada, Ontario and Quebec, are the parts of the country that were first settled.They are the industrial heartland of the country and are also the most densely populated provincees.They have the largest cities like Toronto and Montreal.19.The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
The canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which was introduced in 1982, expressed the idea thaat any ethnic, racial and religious groups which wanted to retain their cultural identity would be supported by the federal government.This promise was further strengthened and explained in the 1988 Multiculturalism Act.20.Structures of governmeent
Canada’s systerm of government is based on the British system of parliamentary democracy.Like Britain,Canada is a monarchy.The official head of state is the Queen, but she is represented by an official called a Governor General as she doesn’t live in Canada.Canada is a federation with ten provinces and two territories.The government of the country is referred to as “the federal government”,to distinguish it from the lower level government of each province.21.Immigration Act 1976
The Immigration Act 1976 encouraged Asian immigration, offering passports to those with capital and entrepreneurial skills.Would-be immigrants with more than $250 000(Cdn)to invest in businesses that will create jobs and wealth wer welcomed to settle in Canada.This created a new category of ”entrepreneurial immigrants”.22.The Canadian Mosaic
Canada is a nation of immigrants.When Canada is described as a mosaic, it
meaans that each if the immigrant groups do not have to throw off their oldd customs, languages and traditions, because there is no particular concept of an overarching
Canadian identity..This resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other.23.“the First Nnations”
The First Nations are the native tribes of aboriginal people who lived in Canada before the European explorers settled.They were officially referred to as “the First
Nations”because they are the original inhabitants of the country, and because there is not one single group or culture----there are many”nations”,or tribes, which have different languages,customs and beliefs.24.migrant workers
Many big farms hire temporary workers only for a specific chore---such as picking crops.Many of these seasonal workers travel from farm to farm,staying only until the cropss are picked…They are known as migrant workers.25.Samuel Slater
In 1793,Samuel Slater built the first factory in the United States---a cotton cloth factory in Pawtuckket,Rhode Island.He built the factory from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England.The success of his factory started a process of
change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center and helped the nation become a major cotton producer.