密里根实验报告[合集]

第一篇：密里根实验报告

物 物 理 实 验 报 告

【实验题目】

密立根油滴实验

【实验目的】

1.通过对带电油滴在重力场和静电场中运动的测量，验证电荷的“量子化”，即电量不是连续变化的，测定电子的电荷值； 2.理解分别利用静、动平衡条件巧妙测量电子荷质比巧妙之处，通过对仪器的调整练习选择、跟踪油滴，调整电压使油滴平衡。

【实验仪器】

由油滴盒、CCD 电视显微镜、电路箱、监视器等组成的密立根油滴仪； 棕油、喷油器。

【 实验原理】

1.静态（平衡）测量法 用喷雾器将油滴喷入两块相距为 d 的平行极板之间。油在喷射撕裂成油滴时，一般都是带电的。设油滴的质量为 m，所带的电量为q，两极板间的电压为 V，如图（b）

所示。如果调节两极板间的电压 V，可使两力达到平衡，有：

dVq qE mg  

(1)为了测出油滴所带的电量 q，除了需测定平衡电压 V 和极板间距离 d 外，还需要测量油滴的质量 m。因 m 很小，需用如下特殊方法测定：平行极板不加电压时，油滴受重力作用而加速下降，由于空气阻力的作用，下降一段距离达到某一速度g 后，阻力rf 与重力mg平衡，如图(a)所示（空气浮力忽略不计），油滴将匀速下降。其中油滴重力为

mg=34 r 3  g.此时有：

mg v a fg r    6

(2)其中  是空气的粘滞系数，是 a 油滴的半径。经过变换及修正，可得斯托克斯定律：

pabv afgr16  

(3)其中 b 是修正常数，b=8.22×10-6 m·Pa , p 为大气压强，单位为厘米汞高。

至于油滴匀速下降的速度gv，可用下法测出：当两极板间的电压 V 为零时,设油滴匀速下降的距离为 l，时间为 t，则 ：

ggtlv 

(4)

最后得到理论公式：

Vdpabtlgqg23)1(218

(5)上式即为静态法测油滴电荷的公式。其中：

gvag29

为了求电子电荷ｅ，对实验测得的各个电荷ｑ求最大公约数，就是基本电荷ｅ的值，照射油滴，使它所带电荷改变），这时 ∆q1 应近似为某一最小单位的整数倍，此最小单位即 为基本电荷ｅ。

也就是电子电荷ｅ，也可以测得同一油滴所带电荷的改变量 ∆q1，这时∆q1应近似为某一最小单位的整数倍，此最小单位即为电荷量 e.【实验内容】

1、仪器调整：

调节仪器底座上的三只调平手轮，将水泡调平。打开仪器，使屏幕视野清晰亮度适宜并调节接目镜，使分划板刻线清晰。

2、喷油滴：喷雾器内的油不可装得太满，否则会喷出很多“油”而不是“油雾”，喷油时喷雾器的喷头不要深入喷油孔内，防止大颗粒油滴堵塞落油孔； 3、选择油滴：微调测量显微镜的调焦手轮，这时视场中即出现大量清晰的油滴。且大而亮的油滴必然质量大，所带电荷也多，而匀速下降时间则很短，增大了测量误差和给数据处理带来困难。过小的油滴观察困难,布朗运动明显，会引入较大的测量误差。通常选择平衡电压为 200Ｖ左右，匀速下落 2mm 的时间在 15~35S 左右的油滴较适宜。喷油后，置“平衡”档,调 W 使极板电压为 200Ｖ左右，注意几颗缓慢运动、较为清晰明亮的油滴。置“0V”档时，观察各颗油滴下落大概的速度，从中选一颗满足条件的油滴作为测量对象。如油滴斜向运动，则可转动显微镜上的圆形 CCD，使油滴垂直方向运动； 4、测量：将油滴移至某条刻度线上，仔细调节平衡电压，当油滴不在上升或下降时为平衡电压，将电压置“up”档，使油滴上升到距刻度线一格以上，置“平衡”档，将计时器归零，置“down”档，当油滴经过 0 刻度线时开始计时，当经过刻度线 2 时，计时结束并将电压置“平衡”档，重复 6 次该油滴的实验，记录运动的时间及平衡电压； 5、按照上述方法，再另找两滴油滴，并记录数据。

【 原始 数据】

第一组 V(v)174 175 174 175 174 176 t(s)28.8 28.4 28.7 28.5 28.5 28.3 第二组 V(v)171 172 172 171 171 173 t(s)29.2 29.8 28.5 29.4 29.3 29.8 第三组 V(v)185 185 184 184 185 185 t(s)22.1 21.6 21.5 21.3 21.3 21.4

ρ为油的密度

ρ=981Kg/m 3 g 为重力加速度

g = 9.80 m·s-2

η空气粘滞系数

η =1.83×10-5

Pa·s l 为油滴匀速下降的距离

l = 2.00×10-3 m b 为修正常数

b =8.22×10-6 m·Pa p 为大气压强

P=1.0133×10 5 Pa d 为平行极板间距离

d =5.00×10-3

m 【数据处理】

由静态法测油滴电荷的公式：

Vdpabtlgqg23)1(218

和 gvag29 可得：

带电量/c i=q/e i(取整）

电子电量e/c

第一组

4.81911E-19 3.011945 3 1.60637E-19 4.89316E-19 3.058225 3 1.63105E-19 4.84432E-19 3.027701 3 1.61477E-19 4.86743E-19 3.042143 3 1.62248E-19 4.8954E-19 3.059627 3 1.6318E-19 4.89117E-19 3.056981 3 1.63039E-19

第二组 4.80324E-19 3.002027 3 1.60108E-19 4.8248E-19 3.015502 3 1.60827E-19 4.80324E-19 3.002027 3 1.60162E-19 4.82802E-19 3.017515 3 1.60934E-19 4.80324E-19 3.002027 3 1.60108E-19 4.80324E-19 3.002027 3 1.60108E-19

第三组 6.74287E-19 4.214294 4 1.68572E-19 6.97835E-19 4.361468 4 1.74459E-19 7.06528E-19 4.415801 4 1.76632E-19 7.16503E-19 4.478141 4 1.79126E-19 7.1263E-19 4.453935 4 1.78157E-19 7.0764E-19 4.422752 4 1.7691E-19

e=iie181= 1.70544E-19

C  1812e)()1 18(181iie e  0.12×10-19

e=(1.70  0.12)×10-19 C 相对偏差：S 相 =（（（1.70-1.69）×10-19、/1.69×10-19））×100%=0.59%

【实验结果分析】

一、实验结果 1、本实验中通过对带电油滴在重力场和静电场中的运动的测量：第一个油滴的电荷量是 e 的 3 倍；第二个油滴的电荷量是 e 的 3 倍；第三个油滴的电荷量是 e 的 4 倍。由此可知，油滴的电荷量是量子化的，即是不连续变化的。

2、本实验测得电子电量为 e=(1.70  0.12)×10-19 C ；e 的不确定度为 0.12，其反映了此次实验的重复性较好。此外，其相对偏差为 0.59%，它反映了测量值与理论值较为接近，验证了实验结果的准确性较好。

二、误差分析 1、理论误差

因为油的密度ρ、空气的粘滞系数都是温度的函数, 重力加速度 g 和大气压强 p 又随实验地点和实验条件的变化而变化,但是一般条件下,计算的误差只有百分之一左右。、仪器误差 实验仪器本身带来的误差：按下计时器时，油滴瞬时的加速，计时器的误差，油滴下落过程中可能碰撞到其他的油滴造成质量的变化。

3、测量误差

a、在实验仪器相同的情况下, 测量误差除了由系统误差引起的部分, 主要就是由测量人员的主观素质引起的偶然误差形成的。例如:电荷未达到平衡就开始计时；电荷在多次测量中于其他电子发生碰撞；油滴下落时没有沿直线匀速下落；

b、选择合适的油滴很重要,油滴的体积太大,大的油滴虽然容易观察,但质量大,必须带很多电荷才能取得平衡,而且下落时间短,结果不易测准。油滴的体积过小,容易产生漂移,也会增大测量误差。选择那些质量适中而带电量不太多的油滴才是可取的, 可根据平衡电压的大小(约 200V)和油滴匀速下降的时间(约 15～35s)来判断油滴的大小和带电量的多少。

3、减少误差的方法：多次测量取平均值 三、注意：

1、测准油滴上升或下降某段距离所需的时间，要统一油滴到达刻度线什么位置才认为油滴已踏线； 2、眼睛要平视刻度线，不要有夹角。反复几次，使测出的各次时间的离散性较小； 3、正式测量用平衡测量法、动态测量法和同一油滴改变电荷法（第三种方法所用的射线源用户自备）。如采用平衡法测量，可将已调平衡的油滴用 K 2 控制移到“起跑”线上，按 K3（计 时／停），让计时器停止计时，然后将 K 2 拨向“0V”，油滴开始匀速下降的同时，计时器开始计时。到“终点”时迅速按下计时器； 4、注意不要让所观测的油滴跑掉。

第二篇：里根就职演说

美国历届总统就职演说（里根）

Second Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 1985 Senator Mathias, Chief Justice Burger, Vice President Bush, Speaker O'Neill, Senator Dole, Reverend Clergy, members of my family and friends, and my fellow citizens: This day has been made brighter with the presence here of one who, for a time, has been absent--Senator John Stennis.God bless you and welcome back.There is, however, one who is not with us today: Representative Gillis Long of Louisiana left us last night.I wonder if we could all join in a moment of silent prayer.(Moment of silent prayer.)Amen.There are no words adequate to express my thanks for the great honor that you have bestowed on me.I will do my utmost to be deserving of your trust.This is, as Senator Mathias told us, the 50th time that we the people have celebrated this historic occasion.When the first President, George Washington, placed his hand upon the Bible, he stood less than a single day's journey by horseback from raw, untamed wilderness.There were 4 million Americans in a union of 13 States.Today we are 60 times as many in a union of 50 States.We have lighted the world with our inventions, gone to the aid of mankind wherever in the world there was a cry for help, journeyed to the Moon and safely returned.So much has changed.And yet we stand together as we did two centuries ago.When I took this oath four years ago, I did so in a time of economic stress.Voices were raised saying we had to look to our past for the greatness and glory.But we, the present-day Americans, are not given to looking backward.In this blessed land, there is always a better tomorrow.Four years ago, I spoke to you of a new beginning and we have accomplished that.But in another sense, our new beginning is a continuation of that beginning created two centuries ago when, for the first time in history, government, the people said, was not our master, it is our servant;its only power that which we the people allow it to have.That system has never failed us, but, for a time, we failed the system.We asked things of government that government was not equipped to give.We yielded authority to the National Government that properly belonged to States or to local governments or to the people themselves.We allowed taxes and inflation to rob us of our earnings and savings and watched the great industrial machine that had made us the most productive people on Earth slow down and the number of unemployed increase.By 1980, we knew it was time to renew our faith, to strive with all our strength toward the ultimate in individual freedom consistent with an orderly society.We believed then and now there are no limits to growth and human progress when men and women are free to follow their dreams.And we were right to believe that.Tax rates have been reduced, inflation cut dramatically, and more people are employed than ever before in our history.We are creating a nation once again vibrant, robust, and alive.But there are many mountains yet to climb.We will not rest until every American enjoys the fullness of freedom, dignity, and opportunity as our birthright.It is our birthright as citizens of this great Republic, and we'll meet this challenge.These will be years when Americans have restored their confidence and tradition of progress;when our values of faith, family, work, and neighborhood were restated for a modern age;when our economy was finally freed from government's grip;when we made sincere efforts at meaningful arms reduction, rebuilding our defenses, our economy, and developing new technologies, and helped preserve peace in a troubled world;when Americans courageously supported the struggle for liberty, self-government, and free enterprise throughout the world, and turned the tide of history away from totalitarian darkness and into the warm sunlight of human freedom.My fellow citizens, our Nation is poised for greatness.We must do what we know is right and do it with all our might.Let history say of us, “These were golden years--when the American Revolution was reborn, when freedom gained new life, when America reached for her best.” Our two-party system has served us well over the years, but never better than in those times of great challenge when we came together not as Democrats or Republicans, but as Americans united in a common cause.Two of our Founding Fathers, a Boston lawyer named Adams and a Virginia planter named Jefferson, members of that remarkable group who met in Independence Hall and dared to think they could start the world over again, left us an important lesson.They had become political rivals in the Presidential election of 1800.Then years later, when both were retired, and age had softened their anger, they began to speak to each other again through letters.A bond was reestablished between those two who had helped create this government of ours.In 1826, the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, they both died.They died on the same day, within a few hours of each other, and that day was the Fourth of July.In one of those letters exchanged in the sunset of their lives, Jefferson wrote: “It carries me back to the times when, beset with difficulties and dangers, we were fellow laborers in the same cause, struggling for what is most valuable to man, his right to self-government.Laboring always at the same oar, with some wave ever ahead threatening to overwhelm us, and yet passing harmless...we rode through the storm with heart and hand.” Well, with heart and hand, let us stand as one today: One people under God determined that our future shall be worthy of our past.As we do, we must not repeat the well-intentioned errors of our past.We must never again abuse the trust of working men and women, by sending their earnings on a futile chase after the spiraling demands of a bloated Federal Establishment.You elected us in 1980 to end this prescription for disaster, and I don't believe you reelected us in 1984 to reverse course.At the heart of our efforts is one idea vindicated by 25 straight months of economic growth: Freedom and incentives unleash the drive and entrepreneurial genius that are the core of human progress.We have begun to increase the rewards for work, savings, and investment;reduce the increase in the cost and size of government and its interference in people's lives.We must simplify our tax system, make it more fair, and bring the rates down for all who work and earn.We must think anew and move with a new boldness, so every American who seeks work can find work;so the least among us shall have an equal chance to achieve the greatest things--to be heroes who heal our sick, feed the hungry, protect peace among nations, and leave this world a better place.The time has come for a new American emancipation--a great national drive to tear down economic barriers and liberate the spirit of enterprise in the most distressed areas of our country.My friends, together we can do this, and do it we must, so help me God.--From new freedom will spring new opportunities for growth, a more productive, fulfilled and united people, and a stronger America--an America that will lead the technological revolution, and also open its mind and heart and soul to the treasures of literature, music, and poetry, and the values of faith, courage, and love.A dynamic economy, with more citizens working and paying taxes, will be our strongest tool to bring down budget deficits.But an almost unbroken 50 years of deficit spending has finally brought us to a time of reckoning.We have come to a turning point, a moment for hard decisions.I have asked the Cabinet and my staff a question, and now I put the same question to all of you: If not us, who? And if not now, when? It must be done by all of us going forward with a program aimed at reaching a balanced budget.We can then begin reducing the national debt.I will shortly submit a budget to the Congress aimed at freezing government program spending for the next year.Beyond that, we must take further steps to permanently control Government's power to tax and spend.We must act now to protect future generations from Government's desire to spend its citizens' money and tax them into servitude when the bills come due.Let us make it unconstitutional for the Federal Government to spend more than the Federal Government takes in.We have already started returning to the people and to State and local governments responsibilities better handled by them.Now, there is a place for the Federal Government in matters of social compassion.But our fundamental goals must be to reduce dependency and upgrade the dignity of those who are infirm or disadvantaged.And here a growing economy and support from family and community offer our best chance for a society where compassion is a way of life, where the old and infirm are cared for, the young and, yes, the unborn protected, and the unfortunate looked after and made self And there is another area where the Federal Government can play a part.As an older American, I remember a time when people of different race, creed, or ethnic origin in our land found hatred and prejudice installed in social custom and, yes, in law.There is no story more heartening in our history than the progress that we have made toward the “brotherhood of man” that God intended for us.Let us resolve there will be no turning back or hesitation on the road to an America rich in dignity and abundant with opportunity for all our citizens.Let us resolve that we the people will build an American opportunity society in which all of us--white and black, rich and poor, young and old--will go forward together arm in arm.Again, let us remember that though our heritage is one of blood lines from every corner of the Earth, we are all Americans pledged to carry on this last, best hope of man on Earth.I have spoken of our domestic goals and the limitations which we should put on our National Government.Now let me turn to a task which is the primary responsibility of National Government-the safety and security of our people.Today, we utter no prayer more fervently than the ancient prayer for peace on Earth.Yet history has shown that peace will not come, nor will our freedom be preserved, by good will alone.There are those in the world who scorn our vision of human dignity and freedom.One nation, the Soviet Union, has conducted the greatest military buildup in the history of man, building arsenals of awesome offensive weapons.We have made progress in restoring our defense capability.But much remains to be done.There must be no wavering by us, nor any doubts by others, that America will meet her responsibilities to remain free, secure, and at peace.There is only one way safely and legitimately to reduce the cost of national security, and that is to reduce the need for it.And this we are trying to do in negotiations with the Soviet Union.We are not just discussing limits on a further increase of nuclear weapons.We seek, instead, to reduce their number.We seek the total elimination one day of nuclear weapons from the face of the Earth.Now, for decades, we and the Soviets have lived under the threat of mutual assured destruction;if either resorted to the use of nuclear weapons, the other could retaliate and destroy the one who had started it.Is there either logic or morality in believing that if one side threatens to kill tens of millions of our people, our only recourse is to threaten killing tens of millions of theirs? I have approved a research program to find, if we can, a security shield that would destroy nuclear missiles before they reach their target.It wouldn't kill people, it would destroy weapons.It wouldn't militarize space, it would help demilitarize the arsenals of Earth.It would render nuclear weapons obsolete.We will meet with the Soviets, hoping that we can agree on a way to rid the world of the threat of nuclear destruction.We strive for peace and security, heartened by the changes all around us.Since the turn of the century, the number of democracies in the world has grown fourfold.Human freedom is on the march, and nowhere more so than our own hemisphere.Freedom is one of the deepest and noblest aspirations of the human spirit.People, worldwide, hunger for the right of self-determination, for those inalienable rights that make for human dignity and progress.America must remain freedom's staunchest friend, for freedom is our best ally.And it is the world's only hope, to conquer poverty and preserve peace.Every blow we inflict against poverty will be a blow against its dark allies of oppression and war.Every victory for human freedom will be a victory for world peace.So we go forward today, a nation still mighty in its youth and powerful in its purpose.With our alliances strengthened, with our economy leading the world to a new age of economic expansion, we look forward to a world rich in possibilities.And all this because we have worked and acted together, not as members of political parties, but as Americans.My friends, we live in a world that is lit by lightning.So much is changing and will change, but so much endures, and transcends time.History is a ribbon, always unfurling;history is a journey.And as we continue our journey, we think of those who traveled before us.We stand together again at the steps of this symbol of our democracy--or we would have been standing at the steps if it hadn't gotten so cold.Now we are standing inside this symbol of our democracy.Now we hear again the echoes of our past: a general falls to his knees in the hard snow of Valley Forge;a lonely President paces the darkened halls, and ponders his struggle to preserve the Union;the men of the Alamo call out encouragement to each other;a settler pushes west and sings a song, and the song echoes out forever and fills the unknowing air.It is the American sound.It is hopeful, big-hearted, idealistic, daring, decent, and fair.That's our heritage;that is our song.We sing it still.For all our problems, our differences, we are together as of old, as we raise our voices to the God who is the Author of this most tender music.And may He continue to hold us close as we fill the world with our sound--sound in unity, affection, and love--one people under God, dedicated to the dream of freedom that He has placed in the human heart, called upon now to pass that dream on to a waiting and hopeful world.God bless you and may God bless America.

第三篇：里根总统演讲稿

January 20, 1981

Senator Hatfield, Mr.Chief Justice, Mr.President, Vice president Bush, Vice President Mondale, Senator Baker, Speaker O'Neill, Reverend Moomaw, and my fellow citizens:

议员海特菲尔德先生、法官先生、总统先生、副总统布什、蒙代尔先生、议员贝克先生、发言人奥尼尔先生、尊敬的摩麦先生，以及广大支持我的美国同胞们：

To a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion;and yet, in the history of our Nation, it is a commonplace occurrence.The orderly transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution routinely takes place as it has for almost two centuries and few of us stop to think how unique we really are.In the eyes of many in the world, this every-4-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle.今天对于我们中间的一些人来说，是一个非常庄严隆重的时刻。当然，对于这个国家的历史来说，却是一件普通的事情。按照宪法要求，政府权利正在有序地移交，我们已经如此“例行公事”了两个世纪，很少有人觉得这有什么特别的。但在世界上更多人看来，这个我们已经习以为常的四年一次的仪式，却实在是一个奇迹。

Mr.President, I want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition.By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other, and I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our Republic.总统先生，我希望我们同胞们都能知道你为了这个传承而付出的努力。通过移交程序中的通力合作，你向观察者展示了这么一个事实：我们是发誓要团结起来维护这样一个政治体制的团体，这样的体制保证了我们能够得到比其他政体更为广泛的个人自由。同时我也要感谢你和你的伙伴们的帮助，因为你们坚持了这样的传承，而这恰恰是我们共和国的根基。

1The business of our nation goes forward.These United States are confronted with an economic affliction of great proportions.We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history.It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift, and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike.It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people.我们国家的事业在继续前进。合众国正面临巨大的经济困难。我们遭遇到我国历史上历时最长、最严重之一的通货膨胀，它扰乱着我们的经济决策，打击着节俭的风气，压迫着正在挣扎谋生的青年人和收入固定的中年人，威胁着要摧毁我国千百万人民的生计。

Idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, human misery and personal indignity.Those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity.停滞的工业使工人失业、蒙受痛苦并失去了个人尊严。即使那些有工作的人，也因税收制度的缘故而得不到公正的劳动报酬，因为这种税收制度使我们无法在事业上取得成就，使我们无法保持充分的生产力。

But great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public spending.For decades, we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our children's future for the temporary convenience of the present.To continue this long trend is to guarantee tremendous social, cultural, political, and economic upheavals.尽管我们的纳税负担相当沉重，但还是跟不上公共开支的增长。数十年来，我们的赤字额屡屡上升，我们为图目前暂时的方便，把自己的前途和子孙的前途抵押出去了。这一趋势如果长此以往，必然引起社会、文化、政治和经济等方面的大动荡。

You and I, as individuals, can, by borrowing, live beyond our means, but for only a limited period of time.Why, then, should we think that collectively, as a nation, we are not bound by that same limitation? We must act today in order to preserve tomorrow.And let there be no misunderstanding--we are going to begin to act, beginning today.作为个人，你们和我可以靠借贷过一种人不敷出的生活，然而只能维持一段有限的时期，我们怎么可以认为，作为一个国家整体，我们就不应受到同样的约束呢？为了保住明天，我们今天就必须行动起来。大家都要明白无误地懂得--我们从今天起就要采取行动。

2/ ◆The economic ills we suffer have come upon us over several decades.They will not go away in days, weeks, or months, but they will go away.◆They will go away because we, as Americans, have the capacity now, as we have had in the past, to do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom.In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem.Government is the problem.我们深受其害的经济弊病，几十年来一直袭击着我们。这些弊病不会在几天、几星期或几个月内消失，但它们终将消失。它们之所以终将消失，是因为我们作为现在的美国人，一如既往地有能力去完成需要完成的事情，以保存这个最后而又最伟大的自由堡垒。

在当前这场危机中，政府的管理不能解决我们面临的问题。政府的管理就是问题所在。

From time to time, we have been tempted to believe that society has become too complex to be managed by self-rule, that government by an elite group is superior to government for, by, and of the people.But if no one among us is capable of governing himself, then who among us has the capacity to govern someone else?

我们时常误以为，社会已经越来越复杂，已经不可能凭借自治方式加以管理，而一个由杰出人物组成的政府要比民享、民治、民有的政府高明。可是，假如我们之中谁也管理不了自己，那么，我们之中谁还能去管理他人呢。

All of us together, in and out of government, must bear the burden.The solutions we seek must be equitable, with no one group singled out to pay a higher price.我们大家--不论政府官员还是平民百姓--必须共同肩负起这个责任，我们谋求的解决办法必须是公平的，不要使任何一个群体付出较高的代价。

We hear much of special interest groups.Our concern must be for a special interest group that has been too long neglected.It knows no sectional boundaries or ethnic and racial divisions, and it crosses political party lines.It is made up of men and women who raise our food, patrol our streets, man our mines and our factories, teach our children, keep our homes, and heal us when we are sick--professionals, industrialists, shopkeepers, clerks, cabbies, and truckdrivers.They are, in short, “We the people,” this breed called Americans.我们听到许多关于特殊利益集团的谈论，然而。我们必须关心一个被忽视了大久的特殊利益集团。这个集团没有区域之分，没有人种之分，没有民族之分，没有 政党之分，这个集团由许许多多的男人与女人组成，他们生产粮食，巡逻街头，管理厂矿，教育儿童，照料家务和治疗疾病。他们是专业人员、实业家、店主、职 员、出租汽车 司机和货车驾驶员，总而言之，他们就是“我们人民”--这个称之为美国人的民族。

Well, this administration's objective will be a healthy, vigorous, growing economy that provides equal opportunity for all Americans, with no barriers born of bigotry or discrimination.Putting America back to work means putting all Americans back to work.Ending inflation means freeing all Americans from the terror of runaway living costs.All must share in the productive work of this “new beginning” and all must share in the bounty of a revived economy.With the idealism and fair play which are the core of our system and our strength, we can have a strong and prosperous America at peace with itself and the world.本届政府的日标是必须建立一种健全的、生气勃勃的和不断发展的经济，为全体美国人民提供一种不因偏执或歧视而造成障碍的均等机会，让美国重新工作起 来，意味着让全体美国人重新工作起来。制止通货膨胀，意味着让全体美国人从失控的生活费用所造成的恐惧中解脱出来。人人都应分担“新开端”的富有成效的工 作，人人都应分享经济复苏的硕果。我国制度和力量的核心是理想主义和公正态度，有了这些，我们就能建立起强大、繁荣、国内稳定并同全世界和平相处的美国。

So, as we begin, let us take inventory.We are a nation that has a government--not the other way around.And this makes us special among the nations of the Earth.Our Government has no power except that granted it by the people.It is time to check and reverse the growth of government which shows signs of having grown beyond the consent of the governed.因此，在我们开始之际，让我们看看实际情况。我们是一个拥有政府的国家--而不是一个拥有国家的政府。这一点使我们在世界合国中独树一帜，我们的政府 除了人民授予的权力，没有任何别的权力。目前，政府权力的膨胀已显示出超过被统治者同意的迹象，制止并扭转这种状况的时候到了。

It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the States or to the people.All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States;the States created the Federal Government.Now, so there will be no misunderstanding, it is not my intention to do away with government.It is, rather, to make it work-work with us, not over us;to stand by our side, not ride on our back.Government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it;foster productivity, not stifle it.我打算压缩联邦机构的规模和权力，并要求大家承认联邦政府被授予的权力同各州或人民保留的权利这两者之间的区别。我们大家都需要提醒：不是联邦政府创立了各州，而是各州创立了联邦政府。因此，请不要误会，我的意思不是要取消政府，而是要它发挥作用--同我们一起合作，而不是凌驾于我们之上；同我们并肩 而立，而不是骑在我们的背上。政府能够而且必须提供机会，而不是扼杀机会，它能够而且必须促进生产力，而不是抑制生产力。

If we look to the answer as to why, for so many years, we achieved so much, prospered as no other people on Earth, it was because here, in this land, we unleashed the energy and individual genius of man to a greater extent than has ever been done before.Freedom and the dignity of the individual have been more available and assured here than in any other place on Earth.The price for this freedom at times has been high, but we have never been unwilling to pay that price.如果我们要探究这么多年来我们为什么能取得这么大成就，并获得了世界上任何一个民族未曾获得的繁荣昌盛，其原因是在这片土地上，我们使人类的能力和个 人的才智得到了前所未有的发挥。在这里，个人所享有并得以确保的自由和尊严超过了世界上任何其他地方。为这种自由所付出的代价有时相当高昂，但我们从来没有不愿意付出这代价。

It is no coincidence that our present troubles parallel and are proportionate to the intervention and intrusion in our lives that result from unnecessary and excessive growth of government.It is time for us to realize that we are too great a nation to limit ourselves to small dreams.We are not, as some would have us believe, loomed to an inevitable decline.I do not believe in a fate that will all on us no matter what we do.I do believe in a fate that will fall on us if we do nothing.So, with all the creative energy at our command, let us begin an era of national renewal.Let us renew our determination, our courage, and our strength.And let us renew;our faith and our hope.我们目前的困难，与政府机构因为不必要的过度膨胀而干预、侵扰我们的生活同步增加，这决不是偶然的巧合。

我们是一个泱泱大国，不能自囿于小小的梦想，现在正是认识到这一点的时候。我们并非注定走向衰落，尽管有些人想让我们相信这一点。我不相信，无论我们做些什么，我们都将命该如此，但我相信，如果我们 什么也不做，我们将的确命该如此。

为此，让我们以掌握的一切创造力来开创一个国家复兴的时代吧。让我们重新拿出决心、勇气和力量，让我们重新建立起我们的信念和希望吧。

We have every right to dream heroic dreams.Those who say that we are in a time when there are no heroes just don't know where to look.You can see heroes every day going in and out of factory gates.Others, a handful in number, produce enough food to feed all of us and then the world beyond.You meet heroes across a counter--and they are on both sides of that counter.There are entrepreneurs with faith in themselves and faith in an idea who create new jobs, new wealth and opportunity.They are individuals and families whose taxes support the Government and whose voluntary gifts support church, charity, culture, art, and education.Their patriotism is quiet but deep.Their values sustain our national life.我们完全有权去做英雄梦。那些评论我们现在是一个没有英雄的时代的，他们只不过没有仔细看。看吧！每一天进出工厂大门的工人，辛勤耕作为我们提供食物的农民们，站在柜台后的服务生们；尽心尽业打拼为社会创造财富，提供就业机会的企业家们。交纳赋税，以维持国家运作的公民们。所有支持慈善事业，教会，文化及教育的人们，他们的举动是无声的，但爱国心却是不言自明的。他们的价值造就了我们的国家。

I have used the words “they” and “their” in speaking of these heroes.I could say “you” and “your” because I am addressing the heroes of whom I speak--you, the citizens of this blessed land.Your dreams, your hopes, your goals are going to be the dreams, the hopes, and the goals of this administration, so help me God.我刚才用了“他们”这个人称来形容这些英雄们，其实我也可以用”你们”这个人称。在这个上帝眷顾的国家，你们的梦想，你们的希望，你们的追求就是这个国家存在的理由。

We shall reflect the compassion that is so much a part of your makeup.How can we love our country and not love our countrymen, and loving them, reach out a hand when they fall, heal them when they are sick, and provide opportunities to make them self-sufficient so they will be equal in fact and not just in theory?

Can we solve the problems confronting us? Well, the answer is an unequivocal and emphatic “yes.” To paraphrase Winston Churchill, I did not take the oath I have just taken with the intention of presiding over the dissolution of the world's strongest economy.我们的天性包含了同情。倘若我们热爱这个国家，怎么会不热爱自己的同胞们。当他们挫折时，扶他们一把，当他们生病时，给予关照。对于弱者，给予体面的帮助，使其自立.我们是否战能胜现在摆在面前的问题？我说，回答是毫不含糊的“能！”

In the days ahead I will propose removing the roadblocks that have slowed our economy and reduced productivity.Steps will be taken aimed at restoring the balance between the various levels of government.Progress may be slow--measured in inches and feet, not miles--but we will progress.Is it time to reawaken this industrial giant, to get government back within its means, and to lighten our punitive tax burden.And these will be our first priorities, and on these principles, there will be no compromise.在未来的日子里，我们要扫清经济停滞和工业发展的路障，政府的各项政策要平衡。我们要一步步塌实缓慢的前进。该是唤醒这个工业巨人的时候了，削减沉重的赋税，让政府回归理性。这是我们原则，没有妥协的余地。

On the eve of our struggle for independence a man who might have been one of the greatest among the Founding Fathers, Dr.Joseph Warren, President of the Massachusetts Congress, said to his fellow Americans, “Our country is in danger, but not to be despaired of....On you depend the fortunes of America.You are to decide the important questions upon which rests the happiness and the liberty of millions yet unborn.Act worthy of yourselves.”

Well, I believe we, the Americans of today, are ready to act worthy of ourselves, ready to do what must be done to ensure happiness and liberty for ourselves, our children and our children's children.在国家立国的前夕，我们的建国先贤之一，马塞诸萨州州长约瑟夫*沃伦对他的同胞们说“我们的国家正在危险之中，但我们丝毫不需绝望--------美国的前途就在我们手中。这个无限自由的幸福的国度即将诞生，让我们行动吧！”

我相信，同胞们，今天，为了我们孩子的孩子的自由和幸福，我们一定也准备好了，让我们行动吧！

And as we renew ourselves here in our own land, we will be seen as having greater strength throughout the world.We will again be the exemplar of freedom and a beacon of hope for those who do not now have freedom.To those neighbors and allies who share our freedom, we will strengthen our historic ties and assure them of our support and firm commitment.We will match loyalty with loyalty.We will strive for mutually beneficial relations.We will not use our friendship to impose on their sovereignty, for or own sovereignty is not for sale.我们庆祝重振美国的此时，全世界的人们都在关注着，我们依旧是那些尚未获得自由的人民心中的自由灯塔！

对于我们的邻居，自由世界的同盟们，我们将进一步加强联络，保证我们承担的义务。我们将以心换心，但我们决不会干涉你们的主权，希望你们也不会干涉我们。

As for the enemies of freedom, those who are potential adversaries, they will be reminded that peace is the highest aspiration of the American people.We will negotiate for it, sacrifice for it;we will not surrender for it--now or ever.Our forbearance should never be misunderstood.Our reluctance for conflict should not be misjudged as a failure of will.When action is required to preserve our national security, we will act.We will maintain sufficient strength to prevail if need be, knowing that if we do so we have the best chance of never having to use that strength.对于自由世界的敌人，我们潜在的对手。我们要使其明白，和平是美国人最高愿望。我们可以与你们谈判，妥协，但我们决不会屈服，永远不会。

请你们不要误会我们的忍耐，我们努力避免冲突但绝不代表我们的屈服。当我们的国家安全受到威胁，我们会采取行动。我们将保持拥有压倒性对手的武力，因为我们知道，只有拥有了足够的武力，才能确保我们不会使用这些武力。

Above all, we must realize that no arsenal, or no weapon in the arsenals of the world, is so formidable as the will and moral courage of free men and women.It is a weapon our adversaries in today's world do not have.It is a weapon that we as Americans do have.Let that be understood by those who practice terrorism and prey upon their neighbors.首先，我们必须认识到世界上没有任何武器能比自由人民的道义和勇气更强大。这恰恰是我们，美国人民所具备的，而我们的对手没有的武器。这一点，所有支持恐怖主义和觊觎弱小国家的都要明白。

I am told that tens of thousands of prayer meetings are being held on this day, and for that I am deeply grateful.We are a nation under God, and I believe God intended for us to be free.It would be fitting and good, I think, if on each Inauguration Day in future years it should be declared a day of prayer.我听说今天各地举行了数以万计的祷告会，我衷心的感到欣慰。我们是上帝统治的国度，上帝给了我们自由。如果以后每一届的就职日都能成为祷告日，那是很好的事情。

This is the first time in history that this ceremony has been held, as you have been told, on this West Front of the Capitol.Standing here, one faces a magnificent vista, opening up on this city's special beauty and history.At the end of this open mall are those shrines to the giants on whose shoulders we stand.Directly in front of me, the monument to a monumental man: George Washington, Father of our country.A man of humility who came to greatness reluctantly.He led America out of revolutionary victory into infant nationhood.Off to one side, the stately memorial to Thomas Jefferson.The Declaration of Independence flames with his eloquence.And then beyond the Reflecting Pool the dignified columns of the Lincoln Memorial.Whoever would understand in his heart the meaning of America will find it in the life of Abraham Lincoln.大家都知道，这是历史上第一次在白宫西走廊举行的就职典礼。在这里，我们能看到整个首都的风貌。而在这广场另一端就是我们先贤们的圣坛。我的正前方就是乔治*华盛顿纪念碑，我们伟大的国父。是他领导了独立革命战争的胜利，并创建了这个国家。在其旁边则是另一位伟大的先贤，托马斯*杰弗逊，--独立宣言>的作者。而在水池的尽头，是雄伟的林肯纪念堂。从林肯的一生你能体会出什么是美国的精神。

Beyond those monuments to heroism is the Potomac River, and on the far shore the sloping hills of Arlington National Cemetery with its row on row of simple white markers bearing crosses or Stars of David.They add up to only a tiny fraction of the price that has been paid for our freedom.Each one of those markers is a monument to the kinds of hero I spoke of earlier.Their lives ended in places called Belleau Wood, The Argonne, Omaha Beach, Salerno and halfway around the world on Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Pork Chop Hill, the Chosin Reservoir, and in a hundred rice paddies and jungles of a place called Vietnam.在这些古迹旁是缓缓流淌的波托马可河，而岸边的斜斜的山坡正是我们的阿灵顿公墓。这些小小的十字架，六芒星下的墓志铭，述说着我们赢取自由而付出的代价。

每一个墓志铭都是我刚才说的英雄的事迹。这些英雄的生命倒在贝洛森林，阿尔贡丘陵，奥马哈海滩，萨勒诺，半个地球外的瓜岛，塔拉瓦岛，上甘岭，长津湖，以及遍地是稻田丛林的叫越南的地方。

Under one such marker lies a young man--Martin Treptow--who left his job in a small town barber shop in 1917 to go to France with the famed Rainbow Division.There, on the western front, he was killed trying to carry a message between battalions under heavy artillery fire.We are told that on his body was found a diary.On the flyleaf under the heading, “My Pledge,” he had written these words: “America must win this war.Therefore, I will work, I will save, I will sacrifice, I will endure, I will fight cheerfully and do my utmost, as if the issue of the whole struggle depended on me alone.”

在这些墓碑中，有一个叫Martin Treptow的年轻人，他在1917年辞掉了小镇的理发店工作，跟随著名的“彩虹师"去了法国，在西线，他在为营长传递命令时，被重炮击中牺牲.后来，在他的尸体上我们发现了一本日记。在扉页上，他写到”我发誓，美国必须赢的这场战争，所以，我会奋斗，我会拯救，我会牺牲，我会忍受，我会勇奋战斗，就好比所有挣扎都将由我一个人来肩负。”

The crisis we are facing today does not require of us the kind of sacrifice that Martin Treptow and so many thousands of others were called upon to make.It does require, however, our best effort, and our willingness to believe in ourselves and to believe in our capacity to perform great deeds;to believe that together, with God's help, we can and will resolve the problems which now confront us.And, after all, why shouldn't we believe that? We are Americans.God bless you, and thank you.今天我们面临的危机并不要求我们像 Martin Treptow作出如此的牺牲。但我们也要竭尽全力，有所作为。拥有上帝的协助，我们能度过危机。

最后，我们有什么理由不相信呢？记住！我们是美国人。上帝保佑你们，谢谢你们。

第四篇：里根婚后情书

里根婚后情书

杰拉德·加沃特

婚后51年的日子里，里根每年都要在结婚纪念日给妻子写一封信。这种不同寻常的通信持续了四十余年，即使里根患上老年痴呆症之后，他仍然坚持给南希写信，直到他连自己的妻子都认不出来了为止。亲爱的Mommie Poo：

2月14日是情人节，它只是为那些不算太幸运的人而准备的节日。从1952年3月4日以来，我就一直在过情人节。只要有你，每天都是我的情人节。你知道这对我的意义有多大吗？亲爱的，告诉我你能永远做我的瓦伦丁吗？我爱你如我的生命，所以只能选择和你一起生活。Poppa

1960年2月14日

我亲爱的第一夫人：

在我们结婚15周年纪念日的早上，我看着你睡在我身旁，脑中有个奇怪的想法：为什么别人才把你当作“第一夫人”？事实上，15年以来我一直把你当作我的第一，而且是唯一。

15年时光倏忽而过，我们的韶华已逝。这并不可怕，唯一让我感到遗憾的是那些日子里，当我醒来时，发现你不睡我身旁。亲爱的，我要问，为什么每次你睡着时看起来都像只有5岁？可能是我只有15岁——在看到你之前，我仿佛不曾活过。

感谢你带给我的生活，带给我这个世上最大的快乐。

我很爱你，而且越来越爱。

你的丈夫

1967年3月4日

亲爱的：

昨晚，我们互相打了电话。我一天没有工作，把时间都用在改写理查德·赫布勒给我撰写的传记上了。明天是我最后一天外景拍摄，我会给你打电话告诉你我多么爱你。我是认真的。

无论迈克决定拿钱买他的第一辆汽车还是买运动衣，这都不重要。我们都希望他能够走上独立生活的道路，靠自己赚钱养活自己。最重要的是，我们对子女们都尽到了做父母的责任。在经济方面，我们对他们从小谨慎教管，没有让他们依靠在我们的财产上。你知道你在睡觉时会把手卷握起来放在下巴下吗？很多次早上天刚蒙蒙亮，我醒来看着躺在身边的你，就这么一直看着，一直到最后我忍不住伸出手来轻轻地触摸你，我不想把你弄醒——但是，我实在忍不住想抚摸你。

想象一下：我发现自己喜欢安·布莱思（美国女演员），因为她和她的男人有一些和我们相似的地方。从他们身上，你就能明白当一个人深爱上另一个人到底是什么样子，就像我把手伸出来越过大山、穿过沙漠，直接来到我们的房间，在壁炉前把你的手抓起。

可能这封信会在几个小时内到你那边。在我到达你身边之前，我想对你说说我的心里话。我相信我的想法不需要用纸、墨和邮票等任何东

西就能够到达你那边。如果我感到痛苦，那是因为我们彼此分离。但是，我们不曾真正分开过，你在我体内，是我的一部分。我也确实感到痛苦，这是因为我不能活在没有你的世界，因为我爱你。你的丈夫

1963年5月24日

第五篇：读《里根自传》有感

方向与选择

——读《里根自传》有感

“当你到了我这个年纪，如果你一直好好活着，就一定犯下许多错误。所以你学习，从长远考虑。你集中所有精力。你出现变化，你向前进。”一个77岁的老人回顾他的人生时，曾这样说过。

他就是罗纳德·威尔逊·里根，美国第四十任总统，一个拥有着传奇一生的人。

里根于1911年出生在一个极其普通的家庭，他的父亲是鞋店售货员，由于家庭经济条件颇为拮据，他不得不依靠奖学金和半工半读完成在尤里卡学院的大学课程，这对他将来的意志品质的形成有着极其深远的影响。

在1927年里根16岁时，里根在狄克森周遭的罗克河畔的公园里找了一份救生员的打工工作，他在那里担任救生员长达7年，据说拯救了77名溺水者。里根后来还开玩笑说这些溺水者都没有向他道谢过。未来里根对这段成就相当自豪，还会向白宫的访客们展示挂在总统办公室的罗克河照片。

16岁，对于我们大多数人来说，还是个懵懂的年纪，我们肆意挥霍着父母辛勤工作挣来的工资，将自己当作这个世界的中心，我们允许自己犯错误，允许自己不成熟，允许自己不懂得什么叫责任，我们总说自己还没有长大，父母也总认为我们还小。我们玩乐时，又有谁想到过，曾经在世界的另一端，有着那样一个男孩，为了生计，他用危险的工作换取微薄的工资？

也许这就是上天的不公平之处，没有人可以选择自己的出身。然而，我们却可以通过自己的努力，选择自己的命运。里根不能拥有优越的家庭条件，可他不曾为此而抱怨，他只是一步一步做自己该做的事，一步一步向着未来走下去。里根在1928年进入伊利诺伊州的尤里卡学院，主修经济学和社会学，并在1932年毕业。身为学院新生他加入了一次反对减缩学院开支的罢课。在1929年里根加入了一个兄弟会，后来他回忆起来，认为加入兄弟会的这段经验是学院生涯里最难忘的回忆。他很少花时间在课业上，只拿到了中等的成绩，但他却是校园里许多俱乐部和运动队伍的领导人，而被称为“校园里的大角色”。

当今中国的教育，偏重于对于知识的灌输，在学校里，成绩几乎等同于一切，一个成绩不佳的人，他的未来往往会被判死刑。于是我们，无论自己的兴趣能力何在，都将成绩作为追求的目标，只重视考试卷上那个鲜红的数字，而无视其他的一切。虽然现在提倡所谓的 素质教育，然而分数的重要性已深深地根植于我们心中，难以改变。也因此，各个高校频频出现各种高分低能的“人才”，他们在综合素质各个方面的有着严重的欠缺，进而影响其心理健康发展，性格畸形。试问这样的人才于社会有何用处？想必是弊大于利吧。

诚然，里根的成绩虽然算不上优秀，但他在其他各个方面出色的表现却令人称叹，他在学校生活之中所收获的能力与经验，无疑是一笔宝贵的财富。更重要的是，他在求学生涯中始终保持着自己的思想，懂得用自己的理性去判断权衡，不为他人左右，这种性格，正是一个领导人必须具备的。而所有这一切，都是现在的我们所欠缺的。

毕业后，里根成为一名电台体育播音员，1937年的一次试镜使他在好莱坞赢得了一份演出合同。进入好莱坞华纳兄弟电影公司当电影和电视演员。第二次世界大战期间应征入伍，在空军服役。退伍后重返好莱坞，在接下来的20年里，他共参加了53部电影的演出。1940年,里根二十九岁时第一次结婚,太太叫珍尼.怀曼,也是演员。第二次世界大战期间,里根参加美军,拍摄了一些鼓舞士气的影片。

战后,由于太太珍尼.怀曼越演越红,里根的演艺事业却有些停滞不前,珍尼.怀曼和里根离了婚。那时,里根也开始参与政治,成了演员工会主席。1967年,里根的政治生涯达到了一个高峰，他当选为加州州长。1970年，里根当选连任。之后，里根曾寻求成为共和党总统候选人,但是没有成功。然而,1980年,里根多年的愿望终于实现,成为美国总统。1984年他当选连任。

可以说，他的前半生并不算成功，虽然进入了如今人人梦想的好莱坞，却始终出演一些不受重视的小角色，前途对他来说仍然是个未知数，之后演艺事业的停滞与妻子事业的蓬勃发展对他来说无疑又是一个打击。这也是如今很多人遇到的问题，付出了很多努力却依旧只换来事业上的不成功，很多人因此或一蹶不振，或怨天尤人，或试图通过各种不正当的方式获取所谓的成功。在追求的道路中，疲倦与打击让无数人渐渐迷失了方向，忘记了他们曾经的追求与目标。这样的人生，无疑是可悲的。

然而里根没有这样。他在人生失意之时，及时对自己的方向做出调整，他从演艺圈跳出，进入政界，由现在观之，确实是个明智的选择。倘若他的演艺道路一直很平稳，他或许终其一生只是好莱坞的一个演员，他或许会红及一时，然而最终，他会被淹没在历史的尘埃之中，成为众生中默默无闻的一员。

所以，有时候，人生道路上的种种坎坷对我们来说也是另一种财富。因为有挫折，有失败，我们才不会被一时的成功与虚荣冲昏头脑，我们会在失意的时候静静思考，做出更多理性的选择。就这一点而言，失败，可以让我们走上更坚实的成功，可以让我们的人生上一个台阶。

在很多人心目中，里根无疑是一个传奇。他一生创造了人生之最，许多无数人终其一生都无法做到。他是美国历史上最长寿的总统；他在1980年的总统大选中，在50个州中一举赢得了49个州的支持，成为选举最成功的总统；他在1981年入主白宫时已经70岁高龄，成为美国历史上宣誓就职时年纪最大的总统；他于1989年离开白宫时，被美国人民选为最受欢迎的美国总统之一，成为美国历史上离任时威望最高的总统；他是美国历史上第一位“影星”总统„„

民主党的总统候选人克里说过：“哪怕是在他伤了民主党人心的时候，他也面带微笑，表现出了诚实和公开的态度。”克里再次提到了现实，他说，里根给现在的美国人民树立了良好的榜样，美国现在面临的挑战也需要以里根的态度去面对和解决。克里幽默地表示，里根虽然是美国年纪最大的总统，但他使美国再次迸发出了生命活力。

当然，人无完人，他自然也做过一些不明智的抉择，可即使如此，却丝毫没有影响他在人们心目中的地位。对于美国人民来说，他已经不仅仅是一个人，一位已故的总统，他更是一种精神与力量的象征。

里根的一生无疑是成功的。在人生的每个转折点，他都做出了正确的选择，懂得舍弃不值得坚持的，及时转向正确的方向。然而这种潇洒与决断，有多少人能做到呢？为了生计，在这个偌大的世界里苦苦追寻的人们，当奋斗了许久，终于以为自己寻到了出路和希望，即使处处碰壁，也在角落里挣扎着，侥幸着，盼望着有一天天道酬勤，自己之前所有的努力得到对等的回报，因为放不下已经抓住的极少的一点，而放弃了其他所有的机会，这样的坚持，真的值得么？

一个真正的成功者，必然是个懂得取舍的人，他知道什么该坚持，什么该放弃，他坚持了，就不会停歇，他放弃了，就不会后悔，他相信自己的每一次选择，他走好脚下的每一步，不去投机，不会相信所谓的运气，他只知道，命运把握在自己的手里。

作为刚刚进校的大学生，我们在诸多方面存在欠缺，这是极其正常而无需遮掩的，大学的学习生涯就是让我们不断纠错，不断塑造完美个性的时期。我们要理性地认清自己的位置，给未来做出规划，也要学会及时调整自己的方向与目标，学会取舍，不能为了一棵树而放弃整片森林。