里根在复旦大学的演讲

第一篇：里根在复旦大学的演讲

里根在复旦大学的演讲(摘 要)

—————————Monday, April 30, 1984 —————————

我们访问中国才五天，所看到的名胜古迹却使我们一生难忘。这当中有从太空都能看到的巍峨壮观的万里长城；还有古城西安、秦始皇墓和出土兵马俑大军。

这些都是历史上的奇迹。但是，我今天想和你们这所著名学府的年轻人谈谈未来，谈谈我们共同的未来，谈谈我们怎样才能发挥治学的才智和探索精神来了解彼此的情况，改变人类的生活。

我想略微谈谈中美之间的教育交流计划。两国交换留学生，实际上并不是什么新事物，你们的谢校长曾在美国史密斯学院获得学位。史密斯学院也是我的夫人南希的母校。谢校长还在麻省理工学院学习过，这是美国最大的一所理工学院。

然而最近几年以来，两国交换的留学生人数急剧增加。五年前，中国去国外的留学生还只不过几百名，而现在中国在全世界的学者和学生已达两万多名，其中一半以上到美国学习。现在有一百多家美国大专院校和几乎同样多的中国大专院校建立了教育上的交流关系。

美国的“富布赖特奖学金计划”拨给中国的奖学金，比拨给任何其他国家的都多。在复旦任教的美国教授当中，就有两位是“富布赖特教授”。还有二十位美国学生也在这里和大家一起学习，我们很为他们自豪。

美国学生在中国学习，有广阔的天地。他们向中国学习如何监测和预报地震，学习中国在研究癌症的病因和治疗方面是如何取得这么多成就的。中国在神经外科、用草药治病等方面，有许多东西可供我们学习。我们也非常高兴有机会研究中国的语言、历史和现代社会。

你们也表示很愿意向我们学习--来美国学校学习电子和计算机科学、数学和工程学、物理学、管理学以及人文学科。在这些领域里，我们可以相互学习的地方很多。我们殷切希望从你们的探索精神中获益。两国之间相互学习是最近才有的事，很多这类活动只有五年的历史。但是我们彼此合作的领域还在不断增加。我们已经商定在贸易、技术、投资以及科学与管理专门知识的交流等方面更密切地合作。此外，我们刚刚还达成了一项重要的协议，通过和平利用核能来促进我们的技术和经济发展。

我们生活在一个动荡的世界上，美中两国都是伟大的国家，对减少战争危险都负有特别的责任。我们双方一致认为，为了使人类宝贵的文明能够在当代不毁于一旦，只有一种政策是合理的，那就是：永远不打那种谁也打不赢的核战争。不管障碍看来有多大，我们永远不应放松削减战争武器的努力。我们丝毫也不能放松，直到把核武器从地球上彻底销毁。

只要我们奉行和平合作的方针，就有可能在将来取得巨大的进步。例如，我们期望与中国一起探讨是否有可能合作开发太空，这是符合世界人民的利益的。

我们的宇航员发现，在失重的宇宙环境中将能够生产纯度更高、更加有效的药物，来治疗千百万人的心脏病和中风病。我们将能在轨道上试验制作“第八因子”，这是一种非常珍贵的稀有药物，可以治疗血友病。我们可以研究Beta细胞，用它来生产胰岛素，用它也许能够根治人类的糖尿病。

我们可以合作发射各种新型卫星，包括用于导航、气象预报、广播、电子计算机技术等方面的卫星。我们已经拥有化神奇为现实的技术。我们希望，有那么一天，在复旦研究工程学问题的一个中国科学家，将能够同美国麻省理工学院的一台计算机旁的科学家沟通联系，请他给予协助。同样，在美国波士顿的一位科学家，也将能够向上海的一位科学家要求提供专门知识。而这种联系只需要几秒钟的时间就可以接通。

青年朋友们，这就是未来发展的方向。如果我们把才能和资源汇合起来，就能把太空这个尚未开拓的疆域变成一个新的和平疆域。

在自由交流知识方面，中国政府奉行加强对外联系的政策，这不仅活跃了中国的经济，而且为促进中美两国的共同利益开辟了新的渠道。你们已经打开了门户，我向你们保证，我们的门户也是敞开着的。

这些新发展，同两国过去的关系相对照，令人感到特别兴奋。两国关系曾经疏远了许多年，两国为此付出了代价。十二年前，情况开始变化，那是在我们共同努力之下促成的变化。在最近这五年里，中国实行的对外开放政策，使我们开始比过去任何时候更加了解对方。

然而这一过程仅仅是个开端。时至今日，仍然有许多美国人觉得中国远在天涯海角，鲜为人知，令人心驰神往。

我们对中国确实心驰神往。各位可知道，中国已经在许多方面对美国的生活发生了影响。中国的影响，中国的成就，在美国到处可见。

如果我今天下午是在华盛顿，只要向窗外望去，便可以看到一男一女，身穿中国丝绸服装，在白宫门前的宾夕法尼亚大道上散步。他俩可能正在前往国立人像馆去看中国艺术展览，看完展览以后，他俩也许会漫步走向国家美术馆，去看美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭为该馆设计的新楼。然后他俩可能会去一家中国餐馆吃晚饭，以此来结束一天的活动。

我们提到中国就想起朝气，这是蓬蓬勃勃的朝气。我们还想起并不总是与朝气并存的敏锐，这是指洞察事物的敏锐和睿智的头脑的敏锐。

赵总理在今年一月访问美国期间，看到了美国对待中国的态度的一些表现。他在访问了几天以后说，他“从来没有料到，美国人民对中国人民怀着这样深厚的友情。”

我高兴地说，我也可以用同样的赞扬来回赠中国人民。我发现，中国人民对美国人民怀有同样热烈和深厚的友情，这使我们感到非常高兴。

但是，在今天与大家见面和谈话以后，我感到我需要更多地了解中国人民。想来你们也有同感，也想更多地了解美国人民。

我们常把美国称为“移民之国”，情况确实如此。美国人来自世界上的每一个角落，美国有世界上的每一个种族，每一种宗教，而且各种族、各宗教的人数不是很少，而是很多。

新来的移民不断给美国带来新东西，这是一种传统，它一直延续至今。今天，外国移民仍然不断前来美国，不断把他们的才智带到美国来，不断提高着美国人民的生活水平。下面让我介绍其中的几位，大家一定会知道他们的名字。

王安公司的电子计算机，现在已成为美国各地办公室里的必备之物。这些计算机是王安先生的天才和心血培育出来的，而王安先生本人是上海的一所大学培养出来的。贝聿铭先生设计的建筑，为美国的城市面貌增添了光彩。贝聿铭先生对建筑艺术的兴趣，是他在上海读书时就产生的。荣获诺贝尔奖金的科学家李政道博士，丰富了我们对宇宙、对物质的基本特性的认识。他是在上海出生的。

我们赞赏这些人，尊敬这些人。你们为使他们成材作出了贡献，我们也要向你们致敬。

我们深信这句名言：“人人生而平等，他们享有造物者赋予的若干不可剥夺的权利： 生命的权利、自由的权利和追求幸福的权利。”这就是我们的信念，每一个美国人都能背诵这句名言。散会以后，你们可以把这里的任何一位美国学生或教员拉到一旁，问问他能不能背诵这句出自美国建国文献《独立宣言》的名言。

美国人民热爱自由，也愿意为维护别人的自由而战斗，而献身。四十年前，法西斯军队席卷欧洲大陆，美国人民挺身而出，投放战斗，为保卫受侵略的国家作出了重大牺牲。

法西斯军队席卷亚洲的时候，我们和你们并肩抗敌。在座的有些人会记得那时的情况，会记得美国的杜立德将军率领轰炸机队，飞越半个地球前来助战的事迹。有些飞行员在中国上空机毁人伤，你们还记得那些勇敢的小伙子吧?你们把它们藏起来，照料他们，给他们包扎伤口，你们救了他们很多人的命。

美国人民是乐观的人民。象中国一样，美国继承了幅员辽阔的国土，有一望无际的丛山峻岭，沃土良田和无边草原。辽阔的国土使我们能用积极的眼光去看待一切事物，使我们充满希望。

我们欢迎你们多多了解我们，人民之间的友谊就是这样开始的，而人民之间的友谊，是政府之间的友谊的基础。

美中两国政府之间的沉默状态已告结束。过去的十二年里，两国人民重新相识。现在我们的关系日益成熟，正是为持久友谊奠定基础的时候了。

我们大家都很清楚，有许多因素自然而然地使我们之间产生距离。例如时间和空间、不同的语言和价值观念、不同的文化和历史、截然不同的政治制度。不承认这些差别是愚蠢的，为了友谊而掩盖真相也毫无意义，因为向壁虚构的友谊经受不住这个世界的严峻考验。

但是我们暂时可以把那些描写我们的差别的字眼撇在一旁，想一想我们之间的共同点。我们是两个伟大的国家，分处在地球的两边。两国都是朝气蓬勃、力量强大的国家。你们是世界上人口最多的国家，我们是世界上技术最发达的国家。两国都在地球上自己的一边发挥着特殊的作用。

美中两国都拥有大量的人力资源和人才。只要我们通力合作，什么样的奇迹都能创造出来!

十二年来，美中两国领导人曾就一系列问题多次举行过会谈。我们常常达成一致意见，即使不能达成一致意见，我们也能加深对彼此的认识，理解对方对世界事务的看法。

这种进程会继续下去。我们既不要忽视双方之间的问题，也不要夸大这些问题。我希望，当人们回顾历史上两国关系这一新篇章时，将不会忘记今天的情景： 美国和中国为加强我们之间的纽带，为两国人民享有更高度的繁荣而合作，为争取世界更可靠和公正的和平，曾接受过时代的挑战。

复旦大学的学生，中国和美国所有大学的学者，肩负着两国未来的重任。今后几十年里，世界将需要你们这些人相互谅解，发挥才能。今天的领袖可以为未来铺平道路，这是我们的责任。但是未来终归要由年青的一代来创造。至于个人之间的持久友谊能不能弥合上下辈之间、国与国之间的分歧，就取决于你们了。世界的希望，就寄托在这种友谊上。

周恩来年轻的时候曾为一位准备出洋留学的同窗写过一首送别诗。他很钦佩他的同学争挑重任，负笈远行。但是他也十分珍惜他们之间的崇高友情。诗的结尾是这样写的：“险夷不变应尝胆，道义争担敢息肩。待得归农功满日，它年预卜买邻钱。”让我们象近邻一样生活在一起吧。

有机会在这里向大家讲话，在这个对两国都富有重要意义的城市同大家见面，我感到十分高兴。上海是一个学术之城，一个知识之城。上海历来是你们通向西方之窗，也是我们两国发表公报、始建新友谊的地方。长江波浪滚滚，是世界的大河之一，它经上海流入东海，东海同太平洋汇合，太平洋的波涛汹涌，直达美国西海岸。

青年朋友们，历史是一条长河，它用波浪裹挟着我们。但是我们可以驾船航行，选择方向，同舟共济。风高潮急，一次富有成果的长途航行的机会正在等待着我们。我们已经作出了选择。我们将继续我们新的旅程，但愿我们一路顺风，永远生活在友谊与和平之中。

Remarks at Fudan University in Shanghai, China April 30, 1984

We've been in your country only 5 days, but already we've seen the wonders of a lifetime--the Great Wall of China, a structure so huge and marvelous that it can be seen from space;the ancient city of Xi'an;and the Tomb of the Great Emperor and the buried army that guards him still.These are the wonders of ages past.But today I want to talk to you, the young people of a great university, about the future, about our future together and how we can transform human life on this planet if we bring as much wisdom and curiosity to each other as we bring to our scholarly pursuits.I want to begin, though, with some greetings.I bring you greetings not only from my countrymen but from one of your countrymen.Some of you know Ye Yang, who was a student here.He graduated from Fudan and became a teacher of English at this university.Now he is at Harvard University in the United States, where he is studying for a doctorate in comparative literature.My staff spoke to him before we left.Mr.Ye wants you to know he's doing fine.He's working hard on his spring term papers, and his thoughts turn to you often.He asked me to deliver a message to his former students, colleagues, friends, and family.He asked me to say for him, and I hope I can, ``Wo xiang nian da jia'' [I am thinking of all of you].He wants you to know that he looks forward to returning to Fudan to teach.And President Xie, he said to tell you he misses your friendship and encouragement.And Mr.Ye says you are a very great woman and a great educator.You will be proud to know that he received straight A's last term.And when we congratulated him, he said, ``I have nothing to be proud of myself;I am so proud of my university.''

I'd like to say a few words about our China-U.S.educational exchange programs.It's not entirely new, this exchanging of students.Your President Xie earned a degree from Smith College in the United States.Smith is also my wife Nancy's alma mater.And President Xie also attended MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of our greatest universities of science, engineering, and technology.But in the past few years, our two countries have enjoyed an explosion in the number of student exchanges.Five years ago you numbered your students studying abroad in the hundreds.Since then, 20,000 Chinese scholars have studied throughout the world, and more than half of them have come to American schools.More than 100 American colleges and universities now have educational exchanges with nearly as many Chinese institutions.We have committed more resources to our Fulbright program in China than in any other country.Two of the American professors teaching here at Fudan are Fulbright professors.And there are 20 American students studying with you, and we're very proud of them.American students come to China to learn many things--how you monitor and predict earthquakes, how you've made such strides in researching the cause and treatment of cancer.We have much to learn from you in neurosurgery and in your use of herbs in medicine.And we welcome the chance to study your language, your history, and your society.You, in turn, have shown that you're eager to learn, to come to American schools and study electronics and computer sciences, math and engineering, physics, management, and the humanities.We have much to share in these fields, and we're eager to benefit from your curiosity.Much of this sharing is recent, only 5 years old.But the areas of our mutual cooperation continue to expand.We've already agreed to cooperate more closely in trade, technology, investment, and exchanges of scientific and managerial expertise.And we have just concluded an important agreement to help advance our technological and economic development through the peaceful use of nuclear energy.That term ``peaceful use of nuclear energy'' is key.Our agreement rests upon important principles of nonproliferation.Neither of our countries will encourage nuclear proliferation nor assist any other country to acquire or develop any nuclear explosive device.We live in a troubled world, and the United States and China, as two great nations, share a special responsibility to help reduce the risks of war.We both agree that there can be only one sane policy to preserve our precious civilization in this modern age: A nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought.And no matter how great the obstacles may seem, we must never stop our efforts to reduce the weapons of war.We must never stop at all until we see the day when nuclear arms have been banished from the face of this Earth.With peaceful cooperation as our guide, the possibilities for future progress are great.For example, we look forward to exploring with China the possibilities of cooperating in the development of space on behalf of our fellow citizens.Our astronauts have found that by working in the zero gravity environment of space, we will be able to manufacture life-saving medicines with far greater purity and efficiency, medicines that will treat diseases of heart attack and stroke that afflict millions of us.We will learn how to manufacture Factor 8, a rare and expensive medicine used to treat hemophiliacs.We can research the Beta Cell, which produces insulin, and which could provide mankind's first permanent cure for diabetes.New satellites can be launched for use in navigation, weather forecasting, broadcasting, and computer technology.We already have the technology to make the extraordinary commonplace.We hope to see the day when a Chinese scientist working out an engineering problem in Fudan will be able to hook into the help of a scientist at a computer at MIT.And the scientist in Boston will be able to call on the expertise of the scientist in Shanghai, and all of it in a matter of seconds.My young friends, this is the way of the future.By pooling our talents and resources, we can make space a new frontier of peace.Your government's policy of forging closer ties in the free exchange of knowledge has not only enlivened your economy, it has opened the way to a new convergence of Chinese and American interests.You have opened the door, and let me assure you that ours is also open.Now, all of this is particularly exciting in light of the recent history of our two countries.For many years, there was no closeness between us.The silence took its toll.A dozen years ago, it began to change.Together, we made it change.And now in the past 5 years, your policy of opening to the outside world has helped us begin to know each other better than we ever had before.But that process has just begun.To many Americans, China is still a faraway place, unknown, unseen, and fascinating.And we are fascinated.[Laughter]

I wonder if you're aware of the many ways China has touched American life? The signs of your influence and success abound.If I were spending this afternoon in Washington, I might look out the window and see a man and woman strolling along

Pennsylvania Avenue

wearing Chinese silk.They might be on their way to our National Portrait Gallery to see the Chinese art exhibit.And from there, perhaps they would stroll to our National Gallery to see the new building designed by the Chinese American architect, I.M.Pei.After that, they might end their day dining in a restaurant that serves Chinese cuisine.[Laughter]

We associate China with vitality, enormous vitality, and something that doesn't always go along with that--subtlety, the subtlety of discerning and intelligent minds.Premier Zhao saw something of the American attitude toward China when he visited us in January.He said after a few days in our country that he never expected such profound feelings of friendship among the American people for the Chinese people.Well, let me say, I'm happy to return the compliment.I have found the people of China to be just as warm and friendly toward us, and it's made us very glad.But meeting you and talking to you has only made me want to know more.And I sense that you feel the same way about Americans.You, too, wish to know more.The silence between our governments has ended.In the past 12 years, our people have become reacquainted, and now our relationship is maturing.And we're at the point where we can build the basis for a lasting friendship.Now, you know, as I do, that there's much that naturally divides us: time and space, different languages and values, different cultures and histories, and political systems that are fundamentally different.It would be foolish not to acknowledge these differences.There's no point in hiding the truth for the sake of a friendship, for a friendship based on fiction will not long withstand the rigors of this world.But let us, for a moment, put aside the words that name our differences and think what we have in common.We are two great and huge nations on opposite sides of the globe.We are both countries of great vitality and strength.You are the most populous country on Earth;we are the most technologically developed.Each of us holds a special weight in our respective sides of the world.There exists between us a kind of equipoise.Those of you who are engineering students will perhaps appreciate that term.It speaks of a fine and special balance.Already there are some political concerns that align us, and there are some important questions on which we both agree.Both the United States and China oppose the brutal and illegal occupation of Kampuchea.Both the United States and China have stood together in condemning the evil and unlawful invasion of Afghanistan.Both the United States and China now share a stake in preserving peace on the Korean Peninsula, and we share a stake in preserving peace in this area of the world.Neither of us is an expansionist power.We do not desire your land, nor you ours.We do not challenge your borders.We do not provoke your anxieties.In fact, both the United States and China are forced to arm themselves against those who do.The United States is now undertaking a major strengthening of our defenses.It's an expensive effort, but we make it to protect the peace, knowing that a strong America is a safeguard for the independece and peace of others.Both the United States and China are rich in human resources and human talent.What wonders lie before us if we practice the advice, Tong Li He Zuo--Connect strength, and work together.Over the past 12 years, American and Chinese leaders have met frequently to discuss a host of issues.Often we have found agreement, but even when we have not, we've gained insight into each other, and we've learned to appreciate the other's perspectives on the world.This process will continue, and it will flourish if we remember certain things.We must neither ignore our problems nor overstate them.We must never exaggerate our difficulties or send alarms for small reasons.We must remember that it is a delicate thing to oppose the wishes of a friend, and when we're forced to do so, we must be understanding with each other.I hope that when history looks back upon this new chapter in our relationship, these will be remembered as days when America and China accepted the challenge to strengthen the ties that bind us, to cooperate for greater prosperity among our people, and to strive for a more secure and just peace in the world.You, the students at Fudan University, and the scholars at all the universities in China and America have a great role to play in both our countries' futures.From your ranks will come the understanding and skill the world will require in decades to come.Today's leaders can pave the way of the future.That is our responsibility.But it is always the younger generation who will make the future.It is you who will decide if a continuing, personal friendship can span the generations and the differences that divide us.In such friendship lies the hope of the world.When he was a very young man, Zhou Enlai wrote a poem for a schoolmate who was leaving to study abroad.Zhou appreciated the responsibilities that separated them, but he also remembered fondly the qualities that made them friends.And his poem ends:

Promise, I pray, that someday

When task done, we go back farming，We'll surely rent a plot of ground

And as pairing neighbors, let's live.Well, let us, as pairing neighbors, live.I've been happy to speak to you here, to meet you in this city that is so rich in significance for both our countries.Shanghai is a city of scholarship, a city of learning.Shanghai has been a window to the West.It is a city in which my country and yours issued the communique that began our modern friendship.It is the city where the Yangtze meets the East China Sea, which, itself, becomes the Pacific, which touches our shores.The Yangtze is a swift and turbulent river, one of the great rivers of the world.My young friends, history is a river that may take us as it will.But we have the power to navigate, to choose direction, and make our passage together.The wind is up, the current is swift, and opportunity for a long and fruitful journey awaits us.Generations hence will honor us for having begun the voyage, for moving on together and escaping the fate of the buried armies of Xi'an, the buried warriors who stood for centuries frozen in time, frozen in an unknowing enmity.We have made our choice.Our new journey will continue.And may it always continue in peace and in friendship.Thank you very much.

第二篇：里根总统演讲中英文

里根总统就职演讲稿完整中文翻译版

里根总统是个非常擅长演讲的人，他的演讲从头至尾一气呵成.他不看讲稿，完全是即席演讲。他的语速和声音的节奏控制得非常好，听他的演讲本身就是在欣赏一场伟大的演出。

Senator Hatfield, Mr.Chief Justice, Mr.President, Vice President Bush, Vice President Mondale, Senator Baker, Speaker O'Neill, Reverend Moomaw, and my fellow citizens: To a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion;and yet, in the history of our Nation, it is a commonplace occurrence.The orderly transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution routinely takes place as it has for almost two centuries and few of us stop to think how unique we really are.In the eyes of many in the world, this every-4-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle.尊敬的海特菲尔德议员、法官先生、总统先生、副总统布什、蒙代尔、贝克议员、发言人奥尼尔、摩麦以及广大支持我的美国同胞们：今天对于我们中间的一些人来说，是一个非常庄严隆重的时刻。对于这个国家的历史却是一件普通的事情。按照宪法要求，政府权利正在有序地移交，我们已经如此“例行公事”了两个世纪，很少有人觉得这有什么特别。但在世界上更多人看来，我们这个已经习以为常的四年一次的仪式却是一个奇迹。

Mr.President, I want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition.By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other, and I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our Republic.总统先生，我希望我们的同胞们都能知道你为了这个传承而付出的努力。通过移交程序中的通力合作，展示了这样一个事实：我们是一个团结一致的民族，这个民族决心捍卫一种比任何其他体制更能充分保证个人民主自由的政治制度。我要感谢你和你的伙伴们的帮助，因为你们坚持了这样的传承，这种传承的连续性恰是我们共和国的支柱。

The business of our nation goes forward.These United States are confronted with an economic affliction of great proportions.We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history.It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift, and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike.It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people.我们国家的事业在继续前进。合众国正面临巨大的经济困难。我们遭遇到我国历史上历时最长、最严重之一的通货膨胀，它扰乱着我们的经济决策，使储蓄的人反而受到惩罚，压迫着正在挣扎谋生的青年人和收入固定的中年人，威胁着要摧毁我国千百万人民的生计。

Idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, causing human misery and personal indignity.Those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity.停滞的工业使工人失业、蒙受痛苦并失去了个人尊严。即使那些有工作的人，也因沉重的税负而得不到公正的劳动报酬，因为这种税收制度使我们无法在事业上取得成就，使我们无法保持充分的生产力。

But great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public spending.For decades, we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our children's future for the temporary convenience of the present.To continue this long trend is to guarantee tremendous social, cultural, political, and economic upheavals.尽管我们的纳税负担相当沉重，但还是跟不上公共开支的增长。数十年来，我们的赤字额屡屡上升，我们为图目前暂时的方便，已把自己和子孙的前途都抵押出去。这一趋势如果长此以往，必然引起社会、文化、政治和经济等方面的大动荡。

You and I, as individuals, can, by borrowing, live beyond our means, but for only a limited period of time.Why, then, should we think that collectively, as a nation, we are not bound by that same limitation? We must act today in order to preserve tomorrow.And let there be no misunderstanding——we are going to begin to act, beginning today.作为个人，你们和我可以靠借贷过一种入不敷出的生活，然而只能维持一段有限的时期，我们怎么可以认为，作为一个国家整体，我们就不应受到同样的约束呢？为了明天，我们今天就必须行动起来。大家都要明白无误地懂得--我们从今天起就要采取行动。

The economic ills we suffer have come upon us over several decades.They will not go away in days, weeks, or months, but they will go away.They will go away because we, as Americans, have the capacity now, as we have had in the past, to do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom.我们深受其害的经济弊病，几十年来一直袭击着我们。这些弊病不会在几天、几星期或几个月内消失，但它们终将消失。它们之所以终将消失，是因为我们作为现在的美国人，一如既往地有能力去完成需要完成的事情，以保存这个最后而又最伟大的自由堡垒。

In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem.在当前这场危机中，政府的管理不能解决我们面临的问题。政府的管理就是问题所在。

From time to time, we have been tempted to believe that society has become too complex to be managed by self-rule, that government by an elite group is superior to government for, by, and of the people.But if no one among us is capable of governing himself, then who among us has the capacity to govern someone else? All of us together, in and out of government, must bear the burden.The solutions we seek must be equitable, with no one group singled out to pay a higher price.我们时常误以为，社会已经越来越复杂，已经不可能凭借自治方式加以管理，而一个由杰出人物组成的政府要比民享、民治、民有的政府高明。可是，假如我们之中谁也管理不了自己，那么，我们之中谁还能去管理他人呢。我们大家--不论政府官员还是平民百姓--必须共同肩负起这个责任，我们谋求的解决办法必须是公平的，不要使任何一个群体付出较高的代价。

We hear much of special interest groups.Our concern must be for a special interest group that has been too long neglected.It knows no sectional boundaries or ethnic and racial divisions, and it crosses political party lines.It is made up of men and women who raise our food, patrol our streets, man our mines and our factories, teach our children, keep our homes, and heal us when we are sick——professionals, industrialists, shopkeepers, clerks, cabbies, and truckdrivers.They are, in short, “We the people,” this breed called Americans.我们听到许多关于特殊利益集团的谈论，然而。我们必须关心一个被忽视了大久的特殊利益集团。这个集团没有区域之分，没有人种之分，没有民族之分，没有政党之分，这个集团由许许多多的男人与女人组成，他们生产粮食，巡逻街头，管理厂矿，教育儿童，照料家务和治疗疾病。他们是专业人员、实业家、店主、职员、出租汽车司机和货车驾驶员，总而言之，他们就是“我们的人民”—就是美国人民。

Well, this administration's objective will be a healthy, vigorous, growing economy that provides equal opportunity for all Americans, with no barriers born of bigotry or discrimination.Putting America back to work means putting all Americans back to work.Ending inflation means freeing all Americans from the terror of runaway living costs.All must share in the productive work of this “new beginning” and all must share in the bounty of a revived economy.With the idealism and fair play which are the core of our system and our strength, we can have a strong and prosperous America at peace with itself and the world.本届政府的目标是必须建立一种健全的、生气勃勃的和日益发展的经济，为全体美国人民提供一种不因偏执或歧视而造成障碍的均等机会。使美国复兴，意味着使全体美国人都有工作；制止通货膨胀，意味着使全体美国人免除对势如脱缰之马的生活费用的恐惧。人人都应分担“新开端”的富有成效的工作，人人都应分享经济复苏的硕果。我们力量的核心是理想主义和公正对待的精神，有了这些，我们就能建立一个强大繁荣的美国，在国内和全世界都相安无事。

So, as we begin, let us take inventory.We are a nation that has a government——not the other way around.And this makes us special among the nations of the Earth.Our Government has no power except that granted it by the people.It is time to check and reverse the growth of government which shows signs of having grown beyond the consent of the governed.在我们向复兴美国开始迈步之际，先让我们看看我们的实际情况。我们是一个拥有政府的国家--而不是一个拥有国家的政府。这一点使我们在世界合国中独树一帜，我们的政府除了人民授予的权力，没有任何别的权力。现在是制止并扭转政府机构和权力膨胀的时候了，因为种种迹象表明，这种膨胀已超过人民的意愿。

It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the States or to the people.All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States;the States created the Federal Government.我想要做的是限制联邦政府的规模和权力，并要求大家承认联邦政府被授予的权力同各州或人民保留的权利这两者之间的区别。必须提醒我们大家注意：不是联邦政府创立了各州，而是各州创立了联邦政府。

Now, so there will be no misunderstanding, it is not my intention to do away with government.It is, rather, to make it work-work with us, not over us;to stand by our side, not ride on our back.Government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it;foster productivity, not stifle it.因此，请不要误解，我不是要取消政府，而是要它发挥作用--同我们一起合作，而不是凌驾于我们之上；同我们并肩而立，而不是骑在我们的身上。政府能够而且必须提供而不是扼杀机会，能够而且必须促进而不是抑制生产力。

If we look to the answer as to why, for so many years, we achieved so much, prospered as no other people on Earth, it was because here, in this land, we unleashed the energy and individual genius of man to a greater extent than has ever been done before.Freedom and the dignity of the individual have been more available and assured here than in any other place on Earth.The price for this freedom at times has been high, but we have never been unwilling to pay that price.多年来我们能取得巨大成就，获得世界上任何一个民族未曾获得的繁荣昌盛的原因是在这片土地上我们比以往任何时候都最大程度地发挥人的潜能和个人的天才；这里比任何其他任何地方更容易得到、更可以保证个人的自由和尊严。得到这种自由所付出的代价有时相当昂贵，但我们从没不愿意付出这种代价。

It is no coincidence that our present troubles parallel and are proportionate to the intervention and intrusion in our lives that result from unnecessary and excessive growth of government.It is time for us to realize that we are too great a nation to limit ourselves to small dreams.We are not, as some would have us believe, loomed to an inevitable decline.I do not believe in a fate that will all on us no matter what we do.I do believe in a fate that will fall on us if we do nothing.So, with all the creative energy at our command, let us begin an era of national renewal.Let us renew our determination, our courage, and our strength.And let us renew;our faith and our hope.We have every right to dream heroic dreams.我们目前困难的制造者是政府不必要和过度膨胀对我们生活的干预和侵扰，这不是偶然的巧合。我们应该真正认识到我们是一个伟大的国家，不能自囿于小小的梦想，我们不像有些人要我们相信的那样注定要不可避免地衰落，我不相信我们命该如此，无论我们做什么都不能改变那些人描绘的宿命，但我相信，如果我们什么也不做，我们将的确命该如此。为此，让我们以我们拥有的一切创造力来开创一个国家复兴的时代吧。让我们重新下定决心，拿出我们的勇气和力量，让我们重新满怀信心和希望，我们完全有权利塑造崇高的理想。

Those who say that we are in a time when there are no heroes just don't know where to look.You can see heroes every day going in and out of factory gates.Others, a handful in number, produce enough food to feed all of us and then the world beyond.You meet heroes across a counter——and they are on both sides of that counter.There are entrepreneurs with faith in themselves and faith in an idea who create new jobs, new wealth and opportunity.They are individuals and families whose taxes support the Government and whose voluntary gifts support church, charity, culture, art, and education.Their patriotism is quiet but deep.Their values sustain our national life.当下那些不知道去哪发现英雄的人说我们正身处于一个没有英雄的时代。你们可以看到每天进出于工厂大门的英雄们；另外一些英雄人数虽少，但生产的粮食却足够养活我们大家和世界其他地区的人民；你们会在柜台前遇到英雄--在柜台的内外遇到英雄们，其中的一些人是对自己抱有信心的、有理想的企业家，他们创造新的职业、新的财富和机会，政府的维持就是靠这样一些个人和家族缴纳的捐税，教会、慈善事业、文化、艺术和教育事业也是靠他们的自愿捐献来维持的。他们的爱国主义精神含而不露，但却是强烈的，他们创造的价值支撑着我们的国民生活。

I have used the words “they” and “their” in speaking of these heroes.I could say “you” and “your” because I am addressing the heroes of whom I speak——you, the citizens of this blessed land.Your dreams, your hopes, your goals are going to be the dreams, the hopes, and the goals of this administration, so help me God.我在说到这些英雄时，用了“他们”和“他们的”这两个字眼，但也可以说“你们”、“你们的”。因为我现在正给我提及的英雄们讲话--就是你们，这个上帝降福的国土上的公民们。你们的理想、希望、目标将是本届政府的理想、希望、目标，愿上帝保佑我做到这一点。

We shall reflect the compassion that is so much a part of your makeup.How can we love our country and not love our countrymen, and loving them, reach out a hand when they fall, heal them when they are sick, and provide opportunities to make them self-sufficient so they will be equal in fact and not just in theory?

我们将体现出在你们的禀性中占很大成分的同情心。怎么能爱我们的国家而不爱我们的同胞呢？我们要爱他们，在他们摔倒时伸出手去扶住他们，在他们患病时给他们治愈，并提供机会使他们自给自足，使他们获得实在而不是口头上的平等。

Can we solve the problems confronting us? Well, the answer is an unequivocal and emphatic “yes.” To paraphrase Winston Churchill, I did not take the oath I have just taken with the intention of presiding over the dissolution of the world's strongest economy.我们能解决摆在我们面前的这些问题吗？回答是毫不含糊和断然的两个字“能够”，借用温斯顿丘吉尔的话说，我刚才宣誓并不是想要在我的领导下使这个世界最强大的经济瓦解。

In the days ahead I will propose removing the roadblocks that have slowed our economy and reduced productivity.Steps will be taken aimed at restoring the balance between the various levels of government.Progress may be slow——measured in inches and feet, not miles——but we will progress.Is it time to reawaken this industrial giant, to get government back within its means, and to lighten our punitive tax burden.And these will be our first priorities, and on these principles, there will be no compromise.在今后的一段时间，我将建议消除一些使得我们经济发展缓慢和生产力下降的障碍，将要采取一些旨在恢复各级政府之间保持平衡的步骤，进展也许是缓慢的，用英寸和英尺而不是用英里来衡量，但我们会前进。现在应当是唤醒这个工业巨人的时候，使政府能够重新量入为出，减轻我们惩罚性的赋税负担，这将是我们首要的任务，在这些原则上绝不会妥协。

On the eve of our struggle for independence a man who might have been one of the greatest among the Founding Fathers, Dr.Joseph Warren, President of the Massachusetts Congress, said to his fellow Americans, “Our country is in danger, but not to be despaired of…… On you depend the fortunes of America.You are to decide the important questions upon which rests the happiness and the liberty of millions yet unborn.Act worthy of yourselves.”

在我国为独立而斗争的前夕，有一个人曾对他的美国同胞说：“我们现在处于危险之中，但并没有绝望…美国的命运取决与你们。关系到尚未出生的千百万人的幸福和自由的一个重要问题是由你们来决定，你们的行动要无愧与你自己。”这个人就是马萨诸塞议会主席约瑟夫沃伦博士，如果他当初没有在邦克山牺牲，他也许成为我国建国的先人中最伟大的任务之一。

Well, I believe we, the Americans of today, are ready to act worthy of ourselves, ready to do what must be done to ensure happiness and liberty for ourselves, our children and our children's children.我相信，我们当代美国人已做好无愧于我们自己行动的准备，做好为确保我们自己、孩子和子孙后代的幸福和自由必须进行工作的准备。

And as we renew ourselves here in our own land, we will be seen as having greater strength throughout the world.We will again be the exemplar of freedom and a beacon of hope for those who do not now have freedom.当我们在这块土地上时代相传时，全世界将看到，我们所具有的力量更加强大，我们将再度成为自由的典范，成为现在还没有获得自由的那些人的希望之光。

To those neighbors and allies who share our freedom, we will strengthen our historic ties and assure them of our support and firm commitment.We will match loyalty with loyalty.We will strive for mutually beneficial relations.We will not use our friendship to impose on their sovereignty, for or own sovereignty is not for sale.对于与我们怀有同样自由理想的那些邻国和盟国，我们将加强我们之间传统性的沟通，保证对他们予以支持，对他们履行应尽的义务，忠诚地报答他们的忠诚，努力争取建立互利的关系，决不利用这种友谊去影响他们的主权，因为我们自己的主权也是不能出卖的。

As for the enemies of freedom, those who are potential adversaries, they will be reminded thatpeace is the highest aspiration of the American people.We will negotiate for it, sacrifice for it;we will not surrender for it——now or ever.对于那些自由的敌人和潜在的对手，我们要提醒他们，和平是美国人民的最高愿望。我们将为和平而谈判，为和平而牺牲，但我们绝不为和平而投降，现在不会，将来也永远不会。

Our forbearance should never be misunderstood.Our reluctance for conflict should not bemisjudged as a failure of will.When action is required to preserve our national security, we will act.We will maintain sufficient strength to prevail if need be, knowing that if we do so we have the best chance of never having to use that strength.对我们的忍让绝不应误解。不要把我们对冲突采取的克制态度误认为是意志不坚强。一旦需要采取行动保卫我们国家的安全，我们就采取行动。我们将保持足以在必要时取胜的力量，这样我们才最有可能不必动用这种力量。

Above all, we must realize that no arsenal, or no weapon in the arsenals of the world, is so formidable as the will and moral courage of free men and women.It is a weapon our adversaries in today's world do not have.It is a weapon that we as Americans do have.Let that be understood by those who practice terrorism and prey upon their neighbors.所以，我们必须认识到，世界各地军火库中的任何武器没有自由人们的意志和维护道义的勇气强大，这是当今世界上我们美国独有而我们对手所没有的武器。要让那些采取恐怖行动和掠夺自己邻国的人懂得这一点。

I am told that tens of thousands of prayer meetings are being held on this day, and for that I am deeply grateful.We are a nation under God, and I believe God intended for us to be free.It would be fitting and good, I think, if on each Inauguration Day in future years it should be declared a day of prayer.当得知今天举行的祈祷会成千上万时，我深为感激。我们是上帝保佑的国家，我们相信，上帝希望我们得到自由。如果每次就职典礼日都能成为祈祷日，那是恰如其逢的好事。

This is the first time in history that this ceremony has been held, as you have been told, on this West Front of the Capitol.Standing here, one faces a magnificent vista, opening up on this city's special beauty and history.At the end of this open mall are those shrines to the giants on whose shoulders we stand.就职仪式在国会大厦西门举行是美国历史的第一次。站在这里，宏伟壮丽的景色尽收眼底，可以看到华盛顿这座城市独特的美丽和历史。在这条宽阔林荫大道尽头矗立着我国历史伟大的纪念物。

Directly in front of me, the monument to a monumental man: George Washington, Father of our country.A man of humility who came to greatness reluctantly.He led America out of revolutionary victory into infant nationhood.Off to one side, the stately memorial to Thomas Jefferson.The Declaration of Independence flames with his eloquence.在我的正前方是一位不朽人物的纪念碑，他就是我们的国父乔治华盛顿。他禀性谦恭，处于时势所迫才做出伟大业绩，领导美国取得革命胜利，建立一个新国家。稍偏一点是庄严雄伟的托马斯杰斐逊纪念堂，独立宣言闪耀着他的雄辩才华。

And then beyond the Reflecting Pool the dignified columns of the Lincoln Memorial.Whoever would understand in his heart the meaning of America will find it in the life of Abraham Lincoln.在映影池的那一边，矗立着由大圆柱组成的庄严肃穆的林肯纪念堂，任何想彻底了解美国真谛的人都会在亚伯拉罕林肯的一生中得到答案。

Beyond those monuments to heroism is the Potomac River, and on the far shore the sloping hills of Arlington National Cemetery with its row on row of simple white markers bearing crosses or Stars of David.They add up to only a tiny fraction of the price that has been paid for our freedom.过了这些英雄纪念物就是波托马克河，河对岸就是阿灵顿国家公墓，坡地上排者一行行刻着十字架和大卫王之星的朴实无华的白色墓碑，他们仅仅是为了我们的自由所付出的代价的缩影。

Each one of those markers is a monument to the kinds of hero I spoke of earlier.Their lives ended in places called Belleau Wood, The Argonne, Omaha Beach, Salerno and halfway around the world on Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Pork Chop Hill, the Chosin Reservoir, and in a hundred rice paddies and jungles of a place called Vietnam.这里的每一个墓碑都是对我所提及的那些英雄的纪念。他们在一些叫贝鲁伍德、阿尔贡、奥马哈滩、萨莱诺的地方，在相隔半个地球之遥的瓜达卡钠尔、塔拉瓦、独排山、长津水岸和一个叫越南--有着许许多多稻田和丛林的地方献出了他们的生命。

Under one such marker lies a young man——Martin Treptow——who left his job in a small town barber shop in 1917 to go to France with the famed Rainbow Division.There, on the western front, he was killed trying to carry a message between battalions under heavy artillery fire.在这里的一块墓碑下躺着一位名叫马丁托雷普托的年轻人，他于1917年离开一座小镇的理发馆，随同著名的彩虹师来到法国。在那里的西部战场上，他在猛烈的炮火中为自己的部队传递信息时牺牲了。

We are told that on his body was found a diary.On the flyleaf under the heading, “My Pledge,” he had written these words: “America must win this war.Therefore, I will work, I will save, I will sacrifice, I will endure, I will fight cheerfully and do my utmost, as if the issue of the whole struggle depended on me alone.” 有人告诉我们在他的身上发现一本日记。扉页上写着这样的标题：“我的誓言”。他写下了这样的话语：“美国必须赢得这场战争。为此，我会奋斗，我会拯救，我会牺牲，我会忍受，我会并将尽我最大的努力英勇奋战，就好比所有的战争问题都将由我一个人来肩负。”

The crisis we are facing today does not require of us the kind of sacrifice that Martin Treptow and so many thousands of others were called upon to make.It does require, however, our best effort, and our willingness to believe in ourselves and to believe in our capacity to perform great deeds;to believe that together, with God's help, we can and will resolve the problems which now confront us.我们今天面临的危机并不是要求我们作出像马丁托雷普托和其他数以千计人那样的牺牲，然而，它确实要求我们作出最大的努力去工作，要求我们愿意相信自己，相信我们有能力干出伟大的事业：团结一致，在上帝的帮助下，能够并且一定会解决我们面临的种种问题。

And, after all, why shouldn't we believe that? We are Americans.God bless you, and thank you.我们为什么不应该相信这一点呢？毕竟我们是美国人。愿上帝祝福你们。

Mr.Vice President, Mr.Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives:总统 副总统先生，议长先生，各位两院议员：

Yesterday, December 7th, 1941--a date which will live in infamy--the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.昨天，1941年12月7日――这一天将成为我们的国耻日――美利坚合众国遭到日本帝国的蓄谋已久的海、空突袭。The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.美国曾与该国和平相处，应该国之邀，还在与该国政府和天皇进行谈判，谋求维护太平洋区域和平。

Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message.And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack.事实上，在日本航空队开始轰炸美国的瓦湖岛一小时后，日本驻美大使及其同僚向我国务卿提交了对我国最近照会的正式答复，其内容是继续正在进行的外交谈判似乎已无意义，没有任何战争或武装攻击的威胁或暗示。

It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.我们要牢记夏威夷到日本的距离清楚地表明，这次袭击只能是几天甚至是几周前蓄意策划的。在这期间，日本政府蓄意谋求用维护和平的善意的虚假消息来欺骗美国。

The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost.In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.昨天对夏威夷群岛的攻击给美国海军和陆军造成了严重损失。我很遗憾地告诉你们很多美国人丧生。此外，美国船只在旧金山与火努鲁鲁之间的公海遭鱼雷攻击。

Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.昨天夜间，日本政府发动了对马来亚的进攻。Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.昨天夜间，日军攻击了香港。

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.昨天夜间，日军攻击了关岛。

Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.昨天夜间，日军攻击了菲律宾群岛。Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.昨天夜间，日军攻击了威克岛。

And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.今天上午，日军攻击了中途岛。

Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area.The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves.The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.因此，日本已经实施了对太平洋区域的突袭。昨天和今天的事实已经不言而喻了。美国人民已下定决心，并且深知这对国家安全和每个人意味着什么。

As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.作为美国海陆军总司令，我已下令不惜一切保卫国家。但是我们全国都要永记这次偷袭的性质。

No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.不管用多长时间，我们终将战胜这次有预谋的侵略，美国人用他们的正义力量必将彻底胜利。

I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us.我相信我代表了国会和人民的意志，我宣布我们不仅要尽全力保卫自己，还要确保这样的背信弃义决不会再次发生。Hostilities exist.There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.面对敌意，我们不能闪烁其词，因为我们的人民、国土和利益都在最危险之中。

With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph--so help us God.有对军队的信心，有人民的不屈决心，我们必胜！上帝保佑！I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.因为周日，1941年12月7日，日本对我国的无故的欺软怕硬的偷袭，我恳请国会宣布美国和日本帝国进入战争状态。

第三篇：里根就职演讲名言

first inaugural address of ronald reagan里根第一任总统就职演说 tuesday, january 20, 1981 第40任总统(1981年-1989年)

（一）senator hatfield, mr.chief justice, mr.president, vice president bush, vice president mondale, senator baker, speaker oneill, reverend moomaw, and my fellow citizens: to a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion;and yet, authority as called for in the constitution routinely takes place as it has for almost two centuries and few of us stop to think how unique we really are.in the eyes of many in the world, this every-4-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle.议员海特菲尔德先生、法官先生、总统先生、副总统布什、蒙代尔先生、议员贝克先 生、发言人奥尼尔先生、尊敬的摩麦先生，以及广大支持我的美国同胞们：今天对于我们

中间的一些人来说，是一个非常庄严隆重的时刻。当然，对于这个国家的历史来说，却是

一件普通的事情。按照宪法要求，政府权利正在有序地移交，我们已经如此“例行公事”了

两个世纪，很少有人觉得这有什么特别的。但在世界上更多人看来，这个我们已经习以为

常的四年一次的仪式，却实在是一个奇迹。

（二）mr.president, i want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition.by your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other, and i thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our republic.总统先生，我希望我们的同胞们都能知道你为了这个传承而付出的努力。通过移交

程序中的通力合作，你向观察者展示了这么一个事实：我们是发誓要团结起来维护这样一

个政治体制的团体，这样的体制保证了我们能够得到比其他政体更为广泛的个人自由。同

时我也要感谢你和你的伙伴们的帮助，因为你们坚持了这样的传承，而这恰恰是我们共和

国的根基。the business of our nation goes forward.these united states are confronted with an economic affliction of great proportions.we suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history.it distorts our economic decisions, penalizes shatter the lives of millions of our people.我们国家的事业在继续前进。合众国正面临巨大的经济困难。我们遭遇到我国历史上

历时最长、最严重之一的通货膨胀，它扰乱着我们的经济决策，打击着节俭的风气，压迫

着正在挣扎谋生的青年人和收入固定的中年人，威胁着要摧毁我国千百万人民的生计。

（三）idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, causing human misery and personal indignity.those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity.but great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public spending.for decades, we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our childrens future for the temporary convenience of the present.to continue this long trend is to guarantee tremendous social, cultural, political, and economic upheavals.停滞的工业使工人失业、蒙受痛苦并失去了个人尊严。即使那些有工作的人，也因税

收制度的缘故而得不到公正的劳动报酬，因为这种税收制度使我们无法在事业上取得成就，使我们无法保持充分的生产力。尽管我们的纳税负担相当沉重，但还是跟不上公共开支的

增长。数十年来，我们的赤字额屡屡上升，我们为图目前暂时的方便，把自己的前途和子

孙的前途抵押出去了。这一趋势如果长此以往，必然引起社会、文化、政治和经济等方面

的大动荡。

（四）you and i, as individuals, can, by borrowing, live beyond our means, but for only a limited period of time.why, then, should we think that collectively, as a nation, we are not bound by that same limitation?we must act today in order to preserve tomorrow.and let there be no misunderstanding--we are going to begin to act, beginning today.away in days, weeks, or months, but they will go away.they will go away because we, as americans, have the capacity now, as we have had in the past, to do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom.in this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem.government is the problem.作为个人，你们和我可以靠借贷过一种人不敷出的生活，然而只能维持一

段有限的时期，我们怎么可以认为，作为一个国家整体，我们就不应受到同样的约束呢？为了保住明天，我们今天就必须行动起来。大家都要明白无误地懂得--我们从今天起就要采取行动。

我们深受其害的经济弊病，几十年来一直袭击着我们。这些弊病不会在几天、几星期或几个月内消失，但它们终将消失。它们之所以终将消失，是因为我们作

为现在的美国人，一如既往地有能力去完成需要完成的事情，以保存这个最后而

又最伟大的自由堡垒。

在当前这场危机中，政府的管理不能解决我们面临的问题。政府的管理就是

问题所在。government for, by, and of the people.but if no one among us is capable of governing himself, then who among us has the capacity to govern someone else? all of us together, in and out of government, must bear the burden.the solutions we seek must be equitable, with no one group singled out to pay a higher price.我们时常误以为，社会已经越来越复杂，已经不可能凭借自治方式加以管理，而一个由杰出人物组成的政府要比民享、民治、民有的政府高明。可是，假如我们之中谁也管理不了自己，那么，我们之中谁还能去管理他人呢。

我们大家--不论政府官员还是平民百姓--必须共同肩负起这个责任，我们谋

求的解决办法必须是公平的，不要使任何一个群体付出较高的代价。

（六）we hear much of special interest groups.our concern must be for a special interest group that has been too long neglected.it knows no sectional boundaries or ethnic and racial divisions, and it crosses political party lines.it is made up of men and women who raise our food, patrol our streets, man our mines and our factories, teach our children, keep our homes, and heal us when we are sick--professionals, industrialists, shopkeepers, clerks, cabbies, and truckdrivers.they are, in short, we the people, this breed called americans.我们听到许多关于特殊利益集团的谈论，然而。我们必须关心一个被忽视了

大久的特殊利益集团。这个集团没有区域之分，没有人种之分，没有民族之分，没有政党之分，这个集团由许许多多的男人与女人组成，他们生产粮食，巡逻街

头，管理厂矿，教育儿童，照料家务和治疗疾病。他们是专业人员、实业家、店

主、职 员、出租汽车司机和货车驾驶员，总而言之，他们就是我们人民--这个

称之为美国人的民族。

（七）well, this administrations objective will be a healthy, vigorous, growing economy that provides equal opportunity for all americans, with no barriers born of bigotry or discrimination.putting america back to work means putting all americans back to work.ending inflation means freeing all americans from the terror of runaway living costs.all must share in the productive work of this new beginning and all must share in the bounty of a revived economy.with the idealism and fair play which are the core of our system and our strength, we can have a strong and prosperous america at peace with itself and the world.本届政府的日标是必须建立一种健全的、生气勃勃的和不断发展的经济，为

全体美国人民提供一种不因偏执或歧视而造成障碍的均等机会，让美国重新工作

起来，意味着让全体美国人重新工作起来。制止通货膨胀，意味着让全体美国人

从失控的生活费用所造成的恐惧中解脱出来。人人都应分担新开端的富有成效的工 作，人人都应分享经济复苏的硕果。我国制度和力量的核心是理想主义和

公正态度，有了这些，我们就能建立起强大、繁荣、国内稳定并同全世界和平相

处的美国。

（八）so, as we begin, let us take inventory.we are a nation that has a government--not the other way around.and this makes us special among the nations of the earth.our government has no power except that granted it by the people.it is time to check and reverse the growth of government which shows signs of having grown beyond the consent of the governed.it is my intention to curb the size and influence of the federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the federal government and those reserved to the states or to the people.all of us need to be reminded that the federal government did not create the states;the states created the federal government.now, so there will be no misunderstanding, it is not my intention to do away with government.it is, rather, to make it work-work with us, not over us;to stand by our side, not ride on our back.government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it;foster productivity, not stifle it.因此，在我们开始之际，让我们看看实际情况。我们是一个拥有政府的国家--而不是一个拥有国家的政府。这一点使我们在世界合国中独树一帜，我们的政

府除了人民授予的权力，没有任何别的权力。目前，政府权力的膨胀已显示出超

过被统治者同意的迹象，制止并扭转这种状况的时候到了。我打算压缩联邦机构的规模和权力，并要求大家承认联邦政府被授予的权力

同各州或人民保留的权利这两者之间的区别。我们大家都需要提醒：不是联邦政

府创立了各州，而是各州创立了联邦政府。

因此，请不要误会，我的意思不是要取消政府，而是要它发挥作用--同我们

一起合作，而不是凌驾于我们之上；同我们并肩而立，而不是骑在我们的背上。政府能够而且必须提供机会，而不是扼杀机会，它能够而且必须促进生产力，而

不是抑制生产力。

（九）if we look to the answer as to why, for so many years, we achieved so much, prospered as no other people on earth, it was because here, in this land, we unleashed the energy and individual genius of man to a greater extent than has ever been done before.freedom and the dignity of the individual have been more available and assured here than篇二：1981年里根就职演讲稿-中英文对照 就职演说文本: first inaugural address of ronald reagan tuesday, january 20, 1981 senator hatfield, mr.chief justice, mr.president, vice president bush, vice idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, causing human misery and personal indignity.those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity.but great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public spending.for decades, we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our childrens future for the temporary convenience of the present.to continue this long trend is to guarantee tremendous social, cultural, political, and economic upheavals.you and i, as individuals, can, by borrowing, live beyond our means, but for only a limited period of time.why, then, should we think that collectively, as a nation, we are not bound by that same limitation? we must act today in order to preserve tomorrow.and let there be no misunderstanding--we are going to begin to act, beginning today.in this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem.in and out of government, must bear the burden.the solutions we seek must be equitable, with no one group singled out to pay a higher price.we hear much of special interest groups.our concern must be for a special interest group that has been too long neglected.it knows no sectional boundaries or ethnic and racial divisions, and it crosses political party lines.it is made up of men and women who raise our food, patrol our streets, man our mines and our factories, teach our children, keep our homes, and heal us when we are sick--professionals, industrialists, shopkeepers, clerks, cabbies, and truckdrivers.they are, in short, we the people, this breed called americans.well, this administrations objective will be a healthy, vigorous, growing economy that provides equal opportunity for all americans, with no barriers born of bigotry or discrimination.putting america back to work means putting all americans back to work.ending inflation means freeing all americans from the terror of runaway living costs.all must share in the productive work of this new beginning and all must share in the bounty of a revived economy.with the idealism and fair play which are the core of our system and our strength, we can have a strong and prosperous america at peace with itself and the world.so, as we begin, let us take inventory.we are a nation that has a government--not the other way around.and this makes us special among the nations of the earth.our government has no power except that granted it by the people.it is time to check and reverse the growth of government which shows signs of having grown beyond the consent of the governed.it is my intention to curb the size and influence of the federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the federal government and those reserved to the states or to the people.all of us need to be reminded that the federal government did not create the states;the states created the federal government.now, so there will be no misunderstanding, it is not my intention to do away with government.it is, rather, to make it work-work with us, not over us;to stand by our side, not ride on our back.government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it;foster productivity, not stifle it.if we look to the answer as to why, for so many years, we achieved so much, prospered as no other people on earth, it was because here, in this land, we unleashed the energy and individual genius of man to a greater extent than has ever been done before.freedom and the dignity of the individual have been more available and assured here than in any other place on earth.the price for this freedom at times has been high, but we have never been unwilling to pay that price.it is no coincidence that our present troubles parallel and are proportionate to the intervention and intrusion in our lives that result from unnecessary and excessive growth of government.it is time for us to realize that we are too great a nation to limit ourselves to small dreams.we are not, as some would have us believe, loomed to an inevitable we have every right to dream heroic dreams.those who say that we are in a time when there are no heroes just dont know where to look.you can see heroes every day going in and out of factory gates.others, a handful in number, produce enough food to feed all of us and then the world beyond.you meet heroes across a counter--and they are on both sides of that counter.there are entrepreneurs with faith in themselves and faith in an idea who create new jobs, new wealth and opportunity.they are individuals and families whose taxes support the government and whose voluntary gifts support church, charity, culture, art, and education.their patriotism is quiet but deep.their values sustain our national life.i have used the words they and their in speaking of these heroes.i could say you and your because i am addressing the heroes of whom i speak--you, the citizens of this blessed land.your dreams, your hopes, your goals are going to be the dreams, the hopes, and the goals of this administration, so help me god.can we solve the problems confronting us? well, the answer is an unequivocal and emphatic yes.to paraphrase winston churchill, i did not take the oath i have just taken with the intention of presiding over the dissolution of the worlds strongest economy.in the days ahead i will propose removing the roadblocks that have slowed our economy and reduced productivity.steps will be taken aimed at restoring the balance between the various levels of government.progress may be slow--measured in inches篇三：美国总统罗纳德-里根就职演讲稿(下)美国总统罗纳德-里根就职演讲稿（下）我们听到许多关于特殊利益集团的谈论，然而。我们必须关心一个被忽视了大久的特殊利益集团。这个集团没有区域之分，没有人种之分，没有民族之分，没有政党之分，这个集团由许许多多的男人与女人组成，他们生产粮食，巡逻街头，管理厂矿，教育儿童，照料家务和治疗疾病。他们是专业人员、实业家、店主、职 员、出租汽车司机和货车驾驶员，总而言之，他们就是我们人民——这个称之为美国人的民族。

本届政府的日标是必须建立一种健全的、生气勃勃的和不断发展的经济，为全体美国人民提供一种不因偏执或歧视而造成障碍的均等机会，让美国重新工作起 来，意味着让全体美国人重新工作起来。制止通货膨胀，意味着让全体美国人从失控的生活费用所造成的恐惧中解脱出来。人人都应分担新开端的富有成效的工 作，人人都应分享经济复苏的硕果。我国制度和力量的核心是理想主义和公正态度，有了这些，我们就能建立起强大、繁荣、国内稳定并同全世界和平相处的美国。因此，在我们开始之际，让我们看看实际情况。我们是一个拥有政府的国家——而不是一个拥有国家的政府。这一点使我们在世界合国中独树一帜，我们的政府 除了人民授予的权力，没有任何别的权力。目前，政府权力的膨胀已显示出超过被统治者同意的迹象，制止并扭转这种状况的时候到了。

我打算压缩联邦机构的规模和权力，并要求大家承认联邦政府被授予的权力同各州或人民保留的权利这两者之间的区别。我们大家都需要提醒：不是联邦政府创 立了各州，而是各州创立了联邦政府。因此，请不要误会，我的意思不是要取消政府，而是要它发挥作用——同我们一起合作，而不是凌驾于我们之上；同我们并肩 而立，而不是骑在我们的背上。政府能够而且必须提供机会，而不是扼杀机会，它能够而且必须促进生产力，而不是抑制生产力。

如果我们要探究这么多年来我们为什么能取得这么大成就，并获得了世界上任何一个民族未曾获得的繁荣昌盛，其原因是在这片土地上，我们使人类的能力和个 人的才智得到了前所未有的发挥。在这里，个人所享有并得以确保的自由和尊严超过了世界上任何其他地方。为这种自由所付出的代价有时相当高昂，但我们从来没 有不愿意付出这代价。

我们目前的困难，与政府机构因为不必要的过度膨胀而干预、侵扰我们的生活同步增加，这决不是偶然的巧合。我们是一个泱泱大国，不能自囿于小小的梦想，现在正是认识到这一点的时候。我们并非注定走向衰落，尽管有些人想让我们相信这一点。我不相信，无论我们做些什么，我们都将命该如此，但我相信，如果我们什么也不做，我们将的确命该如此。为此，让我们以掌握的一切创造力来开创一个国家复兴的时代吧。让我们重新拿出决心、勇气和力量，让我们重新建立起我们的信念和希望吧。我们完全有权去做英雄梦。

有人告诉我们在他的身上发现一本日记。扉页上写着这样的标题：“我的誓言”。他写下了这样的话语：“美国必须赢得这场战争。为此，我会奋斗，我会拯救，我会牺牲，我会忍受，我会并将尽我最大的努力英勇奋战，就好比所有的战争问题都将由我一个人来肩负。”篇四：翟鸿燊

翟鸿燊

翟鸿燊是我国当代传统文化的倡导者和传播者。系国学实践应用专家，经济与文化学者，清华大学、北京大学、北京科技大学、美国国家大学客座教授。

简介

国学实践应用专家：翟鸿燊(zhái hóng shēn)中国传统文化的倡导者和传播者。长期以来，翟教授一直怀着强烈的民族心和使命感致力于中国传统文化与哲学的研究，在融汇国际各种极具代表性的哲学主流、营销理论后，结合中国实际情况，针对管理科学、决策科学、人才培养、市场营销、企业团队等方面提出一整套独到的解决方案，并在学术界引起很大反响。

翟鸿燊教授所研发的著名“tat（思考力?行动力?表达力）”课程，已在清华大学、中国人民大学、北京科技大学、美国国家大学等知名院校的mba、emba、dba、卓越领导力项目等研修班中倍受欢迎。

翟鸿燊教授畅销专著：《领导的力量》

曾经服务过：中国联通、中原油田、国强集团、婷美集团、大亚集团、始峰集团、宇通客车集团等等。更多的是一些正在发展的中小型企业，如银曼公司、勰睿公司等。这些企业均在翟教授亲历其企业文化建设、团队建设、企业内部员工培训和全国各地经销商、代理商的教育训练之后获得了蓬勃的生机并且短时间内在全国拥有上千家连锁机构，年营业额突破亿元！

翟教授不断探索中国人才培养之道，自发筹建“中国大学生创业训练营”，亲自成功训练了数十万名大学毕业生，成就了无数人才的创业梦想，被誉为“中国创业营销教父”！

主要作品

《大智慧》内容介绍：

领导者的个人价值、凝塑自我魅力、提升管理实践；感受“自强不息，厚德载物”的境界；体会“道法自然”、“天人合一”的真实感受。本套课程深入浅出，在妙趣横生之中感悟天道、地道、人道、商道和王道。

1、修养篇：道不远人

2、心态篇：喜悦心

3、孝道篇：小孝治家，中孝治企，大孝治国

4、交友篇：君子和而不同，小人同而不和

5、管理篇：得其时，当其位

《大智慧（2）》内容提要：

《大智慧3-道德经应用智慧》

课程提要：

《道德经》易求，《道德经》之真法真传难得。为此，我们十分荣幸地邀请到著名国学大师翟鸿燊教授来“函谷关论道”，传授《道德经》之真谛，分享其珍藏的历代帝王对《道德经》之注解，引领您追寻老子的足迹，领悟天地自然的大道与智慧！翟教授自幼研读中国传统文化，尤其对《道德经》感悟颇深。长期以来，翟教授一直怀着强烈的民族心与使命感致力于中国传统文化与哲学的研究，是中国传统文化与大圣智慧的实践

者和传播者。近年来翟教授应邀在各级政府、知名院校做过数千场各种形式的教育训练与演讲，使近百万人在震撼和觉悟中获得心智上的成长和突破。

《道法自然》内容介绍：国学智慧精粹：

掌握进退自如的生存智慧

领悟刚柔相济的处世策略

学会顺逆从容的自然选择

感受祸福相倚的因果效应

创造静躁合一的人生状态 提升企业发展的管理之道

1.儒道精髓—— 以“仁”为本，是企业和谐发展之根本

以“义”育人，可培养企业团队精神

以“礼”待客，赢得人际关系，获得企业信誉

以“智”为贵，勇于创新，不断发展

以“信”为贵，人而无信，不知其可，信是做人之本、兴业之道 2.道家智慧——

3.禅宗智慧与企业伦理——

深刻体会禅宗所蕴含的对本性的关怀，以及由此出发而展开的处世方式、人生追求、审美情趣、超越精神，将禅宗精神澄明高远的境界引入到企业，建立各自企业的伦理体系，真正实现企业治理的至高境界，再现领导艺术的颠峰。

《国学应用智慧》内容介绍：

第一集 见贤思齐 1．学而时习之，不亦说悦乎？ 2．有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ 3．独乐乐，众乐乐 4.四海之内皆兄弟！案例：北京2008奥运会开幕式。第二集 立德修身 1．人与人之间的关系 2.人与自然之间的关系 3.人与道之间的关系 案例：1.现行车辆，换来数日蓝天； 2.快乐资产负债表 第三集 忠孝天下 1．为人谋而不忠乎！与朋友交而不信乎！2.忠告而善道之，不可则止，毋自辱焉。3.小孝治家，中孝治企，大孝治国 案例：1.经济崛起文化繁荣，“汉语热”席卷全球 2.孝敬父母要趁早 第四集 处世之道 1.君子务本,本立而道生.孝弟（悌）之道，其为仁之本与（欤）2.子曰:色难!至于犬马,皆能有养.不敬,何以别乎? 3.求百世功 求千秋利用 求万代名

案例：1.感恩要常怀于心 2.蒙牛文化

第五集 沟通智慧

1.精乃生命之力；气乃生命之能；神乃生命之光 2.喜悦心——是最好的人格状态。

案例：

第六集 人脉建设

1.喜悦心——是最好的人格状态。2.人脉建立

案例：火车站接人

第七集 团队精神

1．有教无类，道不同不相为谋 2.财聚则民散，财散则民聚。3.利者义之合也。

案例：1.捐出全部资产580亿美元的比尔盖茨。2.将源兵魂（亮剑）

第八集 团队打造

1.精乃生命之力；气乃生命之能；神乃生命之光 2.领导人:生命取向要高!生命体验要深!生命能量要强!4.修之于身，其德乃真

5.知治身，则能治国，内圣外王，其理一贯。

案例：里根拜老子为师 视频音频讲座全集 01、翟鸿燊--国学中的管理之道（最新作品）4dvd+4cd 单购￥80元 02、翟鸿燊--紫气东来-国学应用智慧 1vcd 单购￥5元

翟鸿燊 03、翟鸿燊--道法自然 1dvd 单购￥20元 04、翟鸿燊--高品质沟通 1dvd 单购￥20元 05、翟鸿燊--北大讲国学-大智慧 1dvd 单购￥20元 06、翟鸿燊--国学应用智慧 1vcd 单购￥5元 07、翟鸿燊--清华讲国学之《国学应用智慧》 2vcd+1cd(8cd转mp3合成1张光盘)单购￥20元

08、翟鸿燊-大智慧第二部（最新作品）1dvd+4cd 单购￥30元 09新增：

翟鸿燊-世纪成功论坛之《女人的资本-国学应用智慧》

翟鸿燊-仁，义，德，学，爱

翟鸿燊-大智慧第三部

翟鸿燊语录

1、成功者的常态就是失败者的变态。

2、知识就是力量是错误的，会使用知识才是力量。

3、教育不等于训练，教育改变观念，训练才能改变行为。

4、没有发大财就是因为没有发大疯，有人说你疯了，你就离成功不远了。

5、建立与人沟通的主动性，看到人在动，就像看到钱在动。

6、主动接近潜在顾客，说服并诱导其接受你的产品，就是推销。

7、销售是种最佳的生活方式。

8、顾客永远是对的这句话不一定对，顾客是需要帮助和教育的。

9、沟通不但是语言、文字交流，眼神和体态都很重要。

10、人的行为受两种因素影响：逃离痛苦、接近快乐。

11、拒绝别人是一种惯性，当被别人拒绝的时候，工作才开始。

12、销售不是卖东西，是帮顾客买东西。

13、顾客不拒绝你的产品和服务，只拒绝你的平庸。

14、同流才能交流，要做什么样的事情，就要想办法和什么样的人混在在一起。

15、人脉等于神脉，关系就是实力，朋友是最大的生产力。

16、对朋友不能太挑剔，清泉虽高，养不了大鱼，包容才能做大。

17、沟通高手，能跟各色人打交道，18、不要小看你身边的每一个人，辗转五次可以见到总统。

19、有道理不如有效率，有效率不如有效果。20、讲话的声音跟胸怀有关系，胸怀跟财富命运有关系。

21、不是需要更多的知识，而是需要更好的状态。

22、世界上最不能等的是什么？比尔盖茨的回答：孝敬父母。篇五：美国总统罗纳德-里根就职演讲稿(上)美国总统罗纳德-里根就职演讲稿（上）议员海特菲尔德先生、法官先生、总统先生、副总统布什、蒙代尔先生、议员贝克先生、发言人奥尼尔先生、尊敬的摩麦先生，以及广大支持我的美国同胞们： 今天对于我们中间的一些人来说，是一个非常庄严隆重的时刻。当然，对于这个国家的历史来说，却是一件普通的事情。按照宪法要求，政府权利正在有序地移交，我们已经如此“例行公事”了两个世纪，很少有人觉得这有什么特别的。但在世界上更多人看来，这个我们已经习以为常的四年一次的仪式，却实在是一个奇迹。总统先生，我希望我们的同胞们都能知道你为了这个传承而付出的努力。通过移交程序中的通力合作，你向观察者展示了这么一个事实：我们是发誓要团结起来维护这样一个政治体制的团体，这样的体制保证了我们能够得到比其他政体更为广泛的个人自由。同时我也要感谢你和你的伙伴们的帮助，因为你们坚持了这样的传承，而这恰恰是我们共和国的根基。我们国家的事业在继续前进。合众国正面临巨大的经济困难。我们遭遇到我国历史上历时最长、最严重之一的通货膨胀，它扰乱着我们的经济决策，打击着节俭的风气，压迫着正在挣扎谋生的青年人和收入固定的中年人，威胁着要摧毁我国千百万人民的生计。

停滞的工业使工人失业、蒙受痛苦并失去了个人尊严。即使那些有工作的人，也因税收制度的缘故而得不到公正的劳动报酬，因为这种税收制度使我们无法在事业上取得成就，使我们无法保持充分的生产力。尽管我们的纳税负担相当沉重，但还是跟不上公共开支的增长。数十年来，我们的赤字额屡屡上升，我们为图目前暂时的方便，把自己的前途和子孙的前途抵押出去了。这一趋势如果长此以往，必然引起社会、文化、政治和经济等方面的大动荡。作为个人，你们和我可以靠借贷过一种人不敷出的生活，然而只能维持一段有限的时期，我们怎么可以认为，作为一个国家整体，我们就不应受到同样的约束呢？为了保住明天，我们今天就必须行动起来。大家都要明白无误地懂得——我们从今天起就要采取行动。我们深受其害的经济弊病，几十年来一直袭击着我们。这些弊病不会在几天、几星期或几个月内消失，但它们终将消失。它们之所以终将消失，是因为我们作为现在的美国人，一如既往地有能力去完成需要完成的事情，以保存这个最后而又最伟大的自由堡垒。

在当前这场危机中，政府的管理不能解决我们面临的问题。政府的管理就是问题所在。

我们时常误以为，社会已经越来越复杂，已经不可能凭借自治方式加以管理，而一个由杰出人物组成的政府要比民享、民治、民有的政府高明。可是，假如我们之中谁也管理不了自己，那么，我们之中谁还能去管理他人呢。

我们大家——不论政府官员还是平民百姓——必须共同肩负起这个责任，我们谋求的解决办法必须是公平的，不要使任何一个群体付出较高的代价。

第四篇：奥巴马在复旦大学的演讲

Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression_r and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths and creativity of individual Chinese like you.To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.下午好。我很荣幸能来到这里,并在上海有这个机会与你们众人同在。我想感谢复旦大学的校长杨为他和他的盛情款待表示欢迎。我想要谢谢我们的杰出的大使,乔恩·亨斯迈、领带和尊敬的深,我们两国之间。我不知道他说了些什么,但是我希望它是好的。(笑)。

我想要做的事情就是要让一些开放的评论,然后我真是迫不及待地想要做的事是问题,不但从学生在观众中,但我们也收到了问题,它将被要求网上的一些学生在听众,以及由大使猎手。我很抱歉,我的中文还比不上你的英语,但我很期待这次机会有一段对话。

这是我第一次到中国旅游,我非常乐意看到这个宏伟的国家。在这里,在上海,我们看到的增长已经引起了世界的关注——高耸入云的摩天大楼,熙熙攘攘的街道和创业活动。就像我留下深刻的印象,这些症状的中国之旅,二十一世纪的时候,我很渴望看到那些古老的地方,对我们说话,从中国遥远的过去。

明天、后天,我希望能有机会的时候,我在北京看威严的紫禁城和神奇的长城。真的,这是一个国家包含丰富的历史和信仰在未来的希望。

这同样也可以,我们两国之间的关系。上海,当然是一个城市,具有重大的意义,在历史上的中美两国关系。正是在这里,37年前,上海公报打开门,一个新的篇章的接触,我们的政府和人民。然而,美国的联系到这个城市——这个国家——伸回来,最早的美国独立。

1784年,我们的开国之父,乔治·华盛顿,委托中国后,一艘驶往这一仗使它可以追求贸易与清朝。华盛顿想见船舶携带旗帜,在全球范围内建立新的关系,像中国这样的国家。这是一种常见的欲望冲动——美国“新视野”,为打造新伙伴,互惠互利。

在过去的两个世纪的历史中,电流之间的关系已经朝我们国家在许多方面。甚至在纷乱的风,我们的人民有机会伪造深,甚至是戏剧性的关系。举例来说,美国人将永远不会忘记我们的热情好客的飞行员被击落了你的土在第二次世界大战期间,中国平民和关心他们所有的人,将自己的颈项,置之度外了这样做。这场战争的退伍军人,中国人还是欢迎那些美国老兵回归到何处去帮助他们的职业。

另一种不同的连接是近40年前,当霜,我们两国之间开始解冻通过简单的乒乓球比赛。很可能导致的订婚的成功,因为它对我们所有的分歧,双方共同人性和我们共享的好奇心被揭示。作为一个美国运动员形容他对中国的访问——“[]人就像我们一样…这个国家是非常相似,但是仍然非常不同的美国。”

当然这个小口紧随其后的分别是上海公报的成果,并最终建立正式的美国和中国关系在1979年。在三十年里,看看我们有多远。

1979年的今天,美国之间的贸易和中国站在约5亿美元——今天是每年超过4000亿美元。商业影响我们的人民生活在如此多的方面。美国从中国进口许多计算机部分我们使用,衣服穿,我们向中国出口机械,帮助你的产业。该贸易可以创造更多就业两边的太平洋,同时让我们的人民能够更好地享受高质量的生活。随着需求变得更为均衡，它能够导致更加广阔的繁荣。

1979年的今天,在政治上的美国与中国之间的合作建立在很大程度上我们共同的竞争与苏联。今天,我们有一个积极的、建设性的、综合性的关系,打开门合伙等关键问题,我们的时间——全球经济的复苏和发展清洁能源,停止核武器的扩散和天灾的气候变化问题;促进和平与安全,在亚洲和世界的每一个角落。所有的这些问题会被提上了日程,明天我会见胡锦涛主席。

在1979年,在我们的人有限公司联系。今天,我们看到的好奇那些乒乓球队员之间的关系体现在被伪造横跨许多领域。第二高的外国学生在美国从中国来,然后我们已经看过增加了50%在学习汉语的过程中自己的学生。全世界近200个“友谊”城市社区联系在一起。美国和中国的科学家共同合作的新研究和探索。当然,姚明只是一个信号,我们的共同爱好篮球,我只是遗憾,我不可能去看一场上海鲨鱼,当我访问。

它不是巧合,我们两国之间的关系有一个时期的积极变化。中国已经将成千上万的人们摆脱贫困——在人类历史上空前的成就——在全球事件中扮演更重要的角色。和美国的经济增长已经看过我们一起享受生活的标准,而我们的人民带来了冷战圆满结束。

中国有一句谚语:“把过去,你要知道未来。”当然,我们都知道挫折和挑战,在过去的30年。我们的关系也并不是没有分歧和困难。但是,我们必须的敌人不是命中注定的——而不是当我们考虑过去。事实上,由于我们的合作,美国和中国正在日益繁荣、更安全。我们已经看到什么是可能的,当我们建立在我们的共同利益,并进行相互尊重的基础上。

而成功,取决于理解——在订婚的可持续性、公开对话,并了解彼此。因为美国乒乓球运动员指出——我们共同的地方作为人类,但是我们的国家是不同的,在某些方面。

我相信每个国家都必须自身课程。图中国是一个古老的国家,有着根深蒂固的文化。美国,相比之下,是一个年轻的国家,其文化是由许多不同的移民,他们都来参加我们的海岸,由建国文件,引导我们的民主。

这些文件提出一个简单的人事异,推崇几个核心原则——所有的男人和女人是平等的,并具有一定的基本权利;政府应体现人民的意志和对他们的愿望,就应当是开放的,商业信息自由开放;而法律,而不是简单的人,应保证司法程序。

当然,我们的国家的故事是没有任何困难的章节。在许多方面——多年来,我们一直在努力推进——这些原则的承诺,我们所有的人,并建立一个更完美的联邦。我们打了一场非常痛苦的内战,释放了一份我们的人口从奴隶制。花了一些时间来延长妇女选举权,工人们赢得了组织,并为移民从世界各个角落中被完全融入。甚至在他们被释放,非裔美国人,都坚持通过条件,不如以前,分离和赢得平等的权利。

这是一件容易的事。但我们取得了长足的进步,因为我们相信这些核心原则,它已经成为我们的罗盘在最黑暗的暴风雨。这就是为什么林肯能站在中间的内战,宣示努力看是否有任何国家,它孕育于自由,并且献身给一种理念,即“人人生来平等”能长久存在。

这就是为什么博士马丁·路德·金能站在林肯纪念碑前的台阶上,要求我们国家住它的信条的真正含义。这就是为什么中国移民的肯尼亚能找到回家的路上我们的海岸,为什么机会都能有谁会为它工作,为什么有人喜欢我,小于50年前就有麻烦的投票在一些地方,现在已经可以作为它的总统。

这就是为什么美国,总是会说出这些核心原则环游世界。我们不要试图强加任何的政府体制,对任何其他国家,但是我们也不相信的原则,我们主张是独一无二的,我们的国家。这些自由的表达和崇拜——获取信息和政治参与——我们认为是普遍的权利。

他们应该提供给所有人,包括种族和宗教的少数民族,他们是否在美国、中国、或任何国家。事实上,它是尊重普遍人权,引导美国公开到其他国家,我们尊重不同的文化,我们的承诺,我们信心的国际法。

这些都是你应该知道关于美国。我也知道我们有多了解中国。这座雄伟的城市环视四周看这个房间———我认为我们的国家共同举办一些重要的东西,那就是一个信念。美国和中国都是停留在我们的成就的内容。对于中国是一个古老的国家,你也清醒地展望未来充满信心,野心,并承诺要看到明天的一代能做得更好。

除了你的经济增长,我们欣赏中国非凡的承诺——科学研究证实了在所有的承诺从基础设施建设的技术,你使用。中国现在是世界上最大的互联网用户——这就是为什么我们这么高兴包括互联网作为今天的活动的一部分。

这个国家如今已成为全球最大的移动电话网络,它是投资于新形式的能量,它既能维持增长与气候变化作斗争,我期待着深化合作夥伴关系美国和中国在该区域。明天见。但首先,我看到你在中国的未来——年轻人的天赋和奉献精神和梦想将会做这么多帮助塑造了21世纪。

我已经说过很多次,我相信我们的世界正从根本上互连。我们的工作,我们建造、环境的繁荣,我们的安全保护,我们寻求——所有这些都是共享的。连接,并在二十一世纪已不再是一个零和游戏,一个国家的成功不需要付出了代价。

这是为什么,美国坚持认为我们不寻求遏制中国的崛起。相反,我们欢迎中国富强和成功的社区成员的国家——中国的人权、优势和创造性的思考的中国人喜欢你。

回到这个谚语——把过去。我们知道,更多的时候是为了得到大国合作比碰撞。这是一个教训,人类已经学会一次又一次的例子,这是我们两国之间的历史。我坚信合作必须超越我们的政府。它必须扎根于我们的人——在我们共享、业务,我们做什么,我们得到的知识,甚至在体育比赛。与这些桥梁必须由年轻的男人和女人就像您及您的同行在美国。

这就是为什么我高兴的宣布美国将急剧扩大我们的学生人数在中国学习到10万美元。这些交流马克明确承诺建立关系在我们的人民,我指着你将帮助决定命运的二十一世纪。我绝对相信美国没有提供比我们更好的大使的年轻人。因为他们,就像你一样,充满天赋和能源和乐观主义的历史,是有待书写。

所以让这句话做下一步的稳定的追求,为我们的合作,与世界各国。如果有一件事情我们可以从今天的对话,我希望它是一种承诺继续这段对话向前迈进。

所以,非常感谢您。我盼望去取一些问题,从你们所有的人。非常感谢你。

第五篇：总统演讲分析--里根第二次就职演讲分析

美国总统里根第二次就职演讲分析

Shawn Cheng

摘 要：本文为美国总统里根的第二次就职演说，因为其属于总统演讲，所以有其特定的语篇模式，这是由西方的修辞思维与表达模式决定的。完美的英语演讲不仅要求演讲者英语流、而且要求演讲语篇布局合理，突出西方的修辞思维与表达模式的特点。为了有效地用英语进行演讲，我们必须保证开头段落的新颖与独特吸引力，结尾段落做到呼应和强调，主体要点形成合理的布局，段落语句之间衔接自然流畅。本文试图从语篇模式以及一些系统功能的角度对美国总统里根第二次就职演说进行分析，以揭示演讲文体的意义以及其语篇、语言的体现。

关键词：总统演讲；合理布局；语篇模式；

引言

随着英语国际地位的提高与其影响力的与日俱增，英语演讲也逐渐进入到社会生活的方方面面。其作为一种独特的语体，在世界各地经久不衰，表现了顽强的生命力。演讲作为一门艺术，一种交际,一种传播和教育手段在当今社会仍发挥着巨大的作用。但国人用英语演讲时往往受中国固定思维模式的影响，虽然英语讲得漂亮很流利，语句也很通顺，但所表达的意思往往不被西方人认同和接受。其中一个原因就是国人在用英语表达和演讲时没有遵循英语演讲语篇的模式，而是毫无逻辑地用中式思维模式表达自己的观点。

一、英语演讲语篇的基本模式及其概念

英语演讲的语篇构成有三大部分 ：Introduction，Body，Conclusion。Introduction 的功能为吸引听众、引起关注、建立演讲者的信誉、简述演讲主体中的要点。Body，即演讲的主体部分。演讲者可以根据演讲的主题按不同的模式组织布局。如可以根据时间、空间顺序可以遵循因果顺序、问题和方式顺序；亦可以将演讲主题细分为几个分点进行阐述。演讲 的主体部分将在第二部分详述。同时，演讲的结尾部分也应当是演讲的高潮部分，演讲者需要总结演讲的主旨和意图，并以一种使听众产生共鸣的方式来升华主题，并与 introduction相呼应，给听众一种心理上的统一感。本文所研究的就职演说的结尾，美国总统里根就具体化了美国之声，展现给听众的形象就是它充满希望，宽宏大量，富于理想；它勇敢无畏，正派庄重，公平持正。而且这一切都是上帝的恩赐、梦想与召唤，呼吁所有热爱和平自由的美国公民把这一梦想传给一个期待已久并且满怀希望的世界等，将演讲推向高潮。

二、语篇的内容与意图

在Lucas的演讲与艺术中(2004 :113)，英语演讲根据演讲的目的可分为三类：介绍性的演讲(informative)、劝说性或劝诱性的演讲(persuasive)、仪式性的演讲(ceremonial)。介绍性的演讲一般是客观地对某一事件、过程、概念或物体进行介绍。仪式性的演讲则见于各种社交、外事场合，或介绍嘉宾、或颁奖致谢等。劝说性的演讲较广泛地应用于各种场合。劝说的目的要求演讲者遵循一定的思维模式。劝说性的演讲根据劝说的内容又可分为三类：事实性问题，价值性问题，政策性问题的劝说。从时间上考虑，就事实性问题的劝说演讲是对已发生的现象予以事实的认定或否定；价值性问题的劝说则是对现状的评论；而政策性劝说演讲则是对未来政策、方针、措施、计划等的取舍讨论。

在里根的就职演说中，三种演讲类型有机且紧密地结合在了一起。首先是介绍性的语言，里根总统客观地陈述了很多事件：第一任总统乔治·华盛顿把手放在《圣经》上庄严地宣誓；美国与俄罗斯的关于核威胁的协议；近几年税收过多和通货膨胀，以及失业现象的增多等等。然后是仪式性的语言，这个最为明显，因为总统就职演讲本身就属于一种政治上的仪式。最后一种形式即本文中的劝说性的语言，因为其分为事实性问题，价值性问题，政策性问题，故将他们逐一分析。事实性问题：里根决定向国会递交一份冻结明年政府项目开支的预算方案。并采取进一步的措施，以便永久控制政府在税收和开支方面的权力，达到减少国债和增强社会救济事务效果的目的；价值性问题：里根在其就职演讲中曾多次提及苏联问题，核武器问题。这是一种现状，同时也是对未来的一种预测与估计，里根对此的回应是政府正在积极采取措施应对，研发安全防卫措施，并寄予希望在两国的和平建交与谈判上；政策性问题：里根总统在本次演说中，提出了很多相关政策，方针，措施，计划等，除了之前提到的与苏联的和平协议，控制政府的税收和开支权利，还有国家民主权力的维护，部分地区经济障碍的解决，减少国债和解放生产力提倡创业等等。里根总统所举的都是当时美国民众所关心的问题，每一个问题他都一一提出了自己的计划和目标，使听众们信服。

三、语篇的连结

在演讲中除了有恰当的谋篇布局之外，各段落和语句之间也必须有自然的衔接。英语的语篇注重形合手段的使用，在演讲中尤其要选择使用恰当的、有效的衔接手段。Lucas在其所著的 “The Art of public Speaking”一书中，归纳总结了常用的关连词语，主要有四类。(1)Transition承上启下的词语

例如 ：But in another sense, our new beginning is a continuation of that beginning created two centuries ago when, for the first time in history, government, the people said, was not our master, it is our servant;its only power that which we the people allow it to have.本句中第一个短语即起到了承上启下的作用。

I will shortly submit a budget to the Congress aimed at freezing government program spending for the next year.Beyond that, we must take further steps to permanently control Government's power to tax and spend.We must act now to protect future generations from Government's desire to spend its citizens' money and tax them into servitude when the bills come due.这段中的”Beyond that”起到了补充说明的作用。

(2)Internal preview段内预示要点。

演讲者在Introduction里或其他段落中的结尾部分以句子的形式向听众陈述下文将要讨论的要点。

At the heart of our efforts is one idea vindicated by 25 straight months of economic growth: Freedom and incentives unleash the drive and entrepreneurial genius that is the core of human progress.We have begun to increase the rewards for work, savings, and investment;reduce the increase in the cost and size of government and its interference in people's lives.该段的最后一局所总结的，正是下文将要讨论的政府税收和人民处于通货膨胀下的生活等问题。

(3)Internal Summary段内总结

段内总结常用于复杂的重点论述之后。例如，We have made progress in restoring our defense capability.But much remains to be done.There must be no wavering by us, nor any doubts by others, that America will meet her responsibilities to remain free, secure, and at peace.(4)Sing—post 路标型词语。

包括序数词，first，second和next等，也包括起承上启下作用的问句。此外，英语语篇中还有一种常用的承上启下的模式“Summary+ introduction”。

例如Let us resolve that we the people will build an American opportunity society in which all of us—white and black, rich and poor, young and old—will go forward together arm in arm.Again, let us remember that though our heritage is one of blood lines from every corner of the Earth, we are all Americans pledged to carry on this last, best hope of man on Earth.这一段中，作者先提出了建设一个充满机会的美国社会的向往，然后在逐一论述了每一个步骤。

It is the American sound.It is hopeful, big-hearted, idealistic, daring, decent, and fair.That's our heritage;that is our song.We sing it still.For all our problems, our differences, we are together as of old, as we raise our voices to the God who is the Author of this most tender music.And may He continue to hold us close as we fill the world with our sound—sound in unity, affection, and love—one people under God, dedicated to the dream of freedom that He has placed in the human heart, called upon now to pass that dream on to a waiting and hopeful world.这一段为就职演说的最后也是最精彩的一段，作者形象化了美国之声，展现给听众的形象就是它充满希望，宽宏大量，富于理想；它勇敢无畏，正派庄重，公平持正。接着演讲者有说这既是美国人的遗产，也是美国人的歌，并鼓励大家团结一致，互相友爱，让整个世界都能听到美国之音

四、言语的使用

本文在言语上使用了很多手法。言语功能是由语气系统体现的.根据Eggins(1994 :153)的观点,语气系统中,用于体现陈述的是陈述语气,体现命令的是祈使语气,体现提问的是疑问语气,而提供则由含有意态成分的疑问语气体现.根据以上言语功能理论,可以来分析“讲话”的言语功能及其人际意义.“讲话”涉及两种言语功能,即陈述功能(给予信息)和命令功能(求取服务).一方面,演讲者向听众提供某种信息,表明自己的态度和主张;另一方面,要求和呼吁听众采取行动,按照演讲者的意图去做事.里根通过这次演讲,向美国民众传递了很多信息，诸如美国与苏联的和平协议，控制政府的税收和开支权利，还有国家民主权力的维护，部分地区经济障碍的解决，减少国债和解放生产力提倡创业等等。随即也声明了其态度：政府正在积极采取措施应对，研发安全防卫措施，并寄予希望在两国的和平建交与谈判上。同时呼吁所有的民众，一起维护自己的权利，建设美好的家园，让美国之声传遍世界的每个角落。除此之外,我们同时也发现了本就职演说大量使用了以“名物化”形式出现的语法隐喻。例如：

revolutio（revolute）hesitation(hesitate)representation（representative）expansion(expand)reduction（reduce）encouragement(encourage)presence（present）elimination(eliminate)oppression（oppress）declaration(declare)determination(determinate)limitation（limit）negotiation（negotiate）interference(interfer)通过名物化,一致式中,在小句里发挥功能的由动词表达的过程或者由形容词表达的属性,在隐喻式中转化成由名词表达,这时名词作为事件在词组中发挥功能.Haliday(1994/ 2000 : 352)在分析科学语篇的名物化时发现,名物化降低了原有的阶、级,却便于语篇的展开.名物化还具有囊括和浓缩的功能.它可以使意思在语篇中的表达符合正式文体关于客观、严密、紧凑、合理、简练等行文的要求.同时，名物化也是政治性演讲体中的一个重要特征。

另外，通过用软件ANTCONC的分析，我们得到了更具体的数据。如下2图

根据这两个表格，可以看出，本文一共有2583个字，字符类型为921个。排名第6,7的“our”“we”可以看出，演讲者的语言对听众的号召呼吁较多，他的演讲稿很有鼓动性。其中排名29,30位的“I”“MUST”可以看出，这里利用第一人称语句较多，可以看出这篇演讲的个人风格很强硬，语势很坚决。排名第18,19的“people”“world”可以看出，演讲者很注重人民和世界的关系，具有大局观。排名28“freedom”也是本文的关键词之一，从这可以看出美国的立国之本以及他们对于自由的渴望和追求的思想形态意识。

五、结论

通过以上对语篇、语段、语句的分析可以看出，总统演讲比日常英语会话、交际广告用语等更加正式、严肃和庄重。从语言结构和成份上看，句式上也更加复杂多变，语言上有更多的内涵和深意。演讲者通过运用各种语言形式和手段使演讲更加生动，并使演讲文体的意义以及其语篇、语言的特点得到完全的体现。

参考文献：

[1] Eggins, s.An introduction to functional systemic linguistics [M] London : Printer Publishers , 1994.[2] Halliday , M.A.K.An introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London : Edward Arnold / Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press , 1994/ 2000.[3] Stephen E，Lucas．The Art of Public Speaking(5th)[M]．Hill Compan ies Higher Education，2004．

[4] Halliday , M.A.K., and Hasan , R.Language , Context and Text : Aspects of Language in a Social2semiotic Perspective [M].Geelong , Vic : Deakin University Press/ Oxford : Oxford University Press , 1985/ 1989.[5]刘亚猛．追求象征的力量——关于西方修辞思想的思考[M]．北京：生活·读书-新知三联书店，2004．

[6]扬霞华．英文写作与修辞[M]．合肥：安徽教育出版社，1992．

[7]胡曙中．英语语篇语言学研究[M]．上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005．