翻译心得。doc五篇

第一篇：翻译心得。doc

第一段的翻译

For many years, I took the same bus at the same time every day,which enabled me to know many people from their appearances.One of the regular customers was a beautiful lady,who would not stop reading until she get off.She always hung her umbrella on the handrail near the door.She almost forgot to take it several times.A young man,who had adored her for a long time，took this opportunity to get to know her.”Your umbrella”,one day he said to her shyly.She smiled sweetly at him.我们将第一段话分成四句话，从选词、时态和句子理解等方面对翻译初稿进行修改，并欣赏优秀翻译。

一、多少年来，我每天在同一时间搭乘公共汽车，当然认识了许多人的脸。For many years,I took a bus at the same time every day,which enabled me to know many people’s faces.1.时态：首先翻译这段文字需要考虑时态。这是一个叙述的故事，用过去时态比较合适。

2.选词：

（1）其次在翻译这个句子的时候，有一个问题困惑着我们，那就是“认识了许多人的脸”如何表示。Face和know不搭配，可以说know people，也可以说see faces。汉语采用直接法，认识的宾语是脸，英语采用间接法，认识的宾语是人，脸只是认识的方式，这种表达的差异在翻译的时候需要特别注意。（2）“多少年来”这个短语：我们小组三个人有两个翻译，分别是for many years和for decades。Decade意思是十年，for decades表示是数十年来，几十年来，不太准确。

（3）每天在同一时间搭乘公共汽车，对于汽车指的是同一辆吗？经过讨论，我们一致认为搭乘公共汽车是narrator每天的一个习性，所以应该该为the same bus。我们对这句话的处理，用了一个定语从句。原句简短，这样翻译显得有点长。但是这样处理能把前后句子的联系更紧密点。3.修改：

For many years, I took the same bus at the same time every day,which enabled me to know many people from their appearances.修改后的话显然还是不尽人意，时间状语过多。4.欣赏：

Every day I took the same bus at a definite time.This routine of mine over the years enabled me to know many people by sight.这个较之我们的小组的翻译无论是在用词上或者是句子、或者整体感觉上，都比我们小组要好。这里没把同一时间翻译成at the same time,不过间接的表达了这个意思。他把一句话拆成了两句话，并且这里加入了新的内容this routine of mine，使得句子的因果关系很明确。这个翻译很巧妙的避开了我们之前遇到过的时间状语过多的难题。这里用了一个词组by sight，这就有一个隐含的意思，narrator仅仅是通过外貌认识车上的乘客，仅仅只能认出他们的脸，并不是了解他们的人。

二、常客之中有个美丽的女郎，一上车就看书，一直看到下车为止。

One of the regular customers was a beautiful lady.When she got on the bus,she began reading.She would stop reading until she got off.1.选词：（1）常客，regular本身可以做名词，我们查阅牛津词典，它的意思是：a customer who often goes to a particular shopstore,pub etc，用在此处不合适。

（2）女郎的表示有：girl，young woman、和lady；girl：它的意思是女孩或姑娘，年龄比较小，它可表示年轻的女子，但是带一点offensive；lady其中有一个意思是举止文雅并且有教养的女子，a woman who is polite and well-educated,has excellent manners and always behaves well,它还有一个意思是用于称呼或谈及不认识的女子；所以我们选用lady这个词。

（3）not until的意思是直到...才...，这句话尽管表达了意思，但是显得很繁琐。中文一句话，分成了三句话。原文一句话，翻译过来变成了三句话，不简洁。2.修改：

One of the regular customers was a beautiful lady,who would not stop reading until she get off.对原稿就行了适当的减译，一下车才停止阅读，隐含了上车就阅读的意思。3.欣赏：

Among the regular bus-riders was a pretty young lady,who would not stop reading until it was time to get off.这里巧妙地减译。同于常客的表示，比我们处理的要好。

三、她总是把伞挂在门边的把手上，有几次险些忘记把伞拿走。

She always hung her umbrella on the knob near the door.She almost forgot to take it sometimes.1.句子理解：

我们需要理解一下，这里所指的把手并不是门上的把手，公交车后门的把手应该是不能挂东西的。应该指的是靠近门边的栏杆。2.选词：

（1）Knob的意思是：门或抽屉的球形把手；Handle：the part of a door,drawer or window；Holder：a thing that holds the object mentioned，支托或握持之物；Handrail指楼梯等的扶手，a long narrow bar that you can hold onto for support,for example when you are going up or down stairs。所以这个地方用handrail比较合适。用knob不合适。

（2）对于险些这个词的翻译，我们有两个选择，almost和nearly，表示差不多，几乎的意思，两者皆可。

（3）另外对于有几次的这个词组的选择，sometimes的意思是间或，有时，occasionally rather than all the time。我们认为这里主要表达几次的意思，否则青年和这个女郎就没有了认识的机会，也就没有了下文的叙述。所以换用 several times或着a few times类似的频率副词。3.修改：

She always hung her umbrella on the handrail near the door.She almost forgot to take it several times.4.欣赏：

Whenever she carried an umbrella she habitually hung it on the handrail near the bus door.On several occasions she almost forgot it when she was about to leave.这用的处理显然要高明的多。加了一个状语从句，显的不那么突兀，很自然的过度。对于总是这个词的翻译，它巧妙的做了一个转化。后面一句话，它也加了一个时间状语，使句子意思跟完整和自然。

四、有个青年已经对她倾慕很久，这把伞给了他跟她说话的机会。“你忘记拿伞了，”有一天他腼腆地对她说。她嫣然一笑。

There was a young man who always adored her.The umbrella provided a opportunity for the man to talk with her.”You forget to take the umbrella.”One day he said shyly.She smiled.这是我翻译的初稿，对于自己的翻译，小组给出的评价是：只是达到了最简单的信。1.选词：（1）“倾慕：这里我们自然而然地想到两个词，admire和adore。Admire是钦佩，赞赏，羡慕，例如，I really admire your enthusiasm。Adore是热爱，爱慕（某人）to love sb very much。当然这里显然应该用adore。

（2）机会：chance是机会，机遇，时机，a suitable time or situation when you have the opportunity to do something，opportunity是指a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve something。这与这两者的区别，我们认为chance主要用以指一种侥幸的或偶然的机会，而opportunity它用以指一种便于行事的时机，尤其指某种符合人们的意向，目的或希望的事情的时机，选择opportunity更为恰当一点。（3)“腼腆地”，这时候浮现在我们脑海里的是这几个词：bashful，是指羞怯的，忸怩的；shy是指显得腼腆的，显得羞怯的，show that sb is nervous or embarrassed about meeting and speaking to other people ；timidly是羞怯的，胆怯的，缺乏勇气的，shy and nervous，not brave。根据这几个词的意思来看，用timidly和shyly都可以，但是timidly强调不都勇敢，胆怯的，我们认为shyly更为恰当一点。（4）嫣然一词在汉语里是1.美貌。2.娇媚的笑态。笑得很美的样子（指女性）。形容女子笑得很美。出处战国楚·宋玉《登徒子好色赋》：“嫣然一笑，惑阳城”。这里我们翻译成sweetly，指“令人愉快的，可爱的”。2.时态：另外这里还涉及一个时态问题，”倾慕已久“。本段我们用的都是过去时，那么这里我们认为用过去完成时更好。3.减译：

我们再回到翻译的初稿。一字一句的对译过来，显得很生硬。故事发展到这里，给读者的感觉应该是浪漫的。我们觉得可以省略青年说话的主语和谓语，变成your umbrella。4.修改：

A young man,who had adored her for a long time，took this opportunity to get to know her.”Your umbrella”,one day he said to her shyly.She smiled sweetly at him.我们把说话的机会，转变了认识的意思，显的不那么生硬。在青年说话和女郎嫣然一笑的的后面加了介词的短语。5.欣赏：

A young man,her secret lover,took such an opportunity to address her timidly.”Your umbrella,miss.”She look around and smiled at him winsomely.这个翻译做了巧妙的处理。它把汉语的一个句子翻译成了一个短语，加了一个secret，表明青年此时还在心里倾慕。另外它加上称呼，Miss是英语表达的需要，在这种场合，这种表达很恰当。这里Address是称呼（某人）的意思.。另外它还加了一个look around的短语，给了读者更加丰富的想象空间。winsome是：讨人喜欢的，惹人喜爱的，楚楚动人的，pleasant and attractive，比sweetly恰当许多。这样的翻译，瞬间给读者提供了一个联想，一个浪漫的故事情节，而不仅仅是简单的翻译。

他们就这样认识了，这一句在整篇文章中起到承上启下的作用，就这样三个字有顺承的意味。六句话有很多时间状语，比如后来有几个星期、又过了几个月、以前、婚后、直到有一天、过去。从内容上来看，这一段主要描绘了这对青年男女从了解到熟识、结婚，再到感情淡然以及最后的冷漠的过程。

They were thus acquainted.In the following weeks,I saw they sit together chatting cheerfuly.Months later,the wedding rings appeared glistening on their fingers.But they were not as talktive as before.Their chatting was replaced by reading, one with a book and the other a newspaper.I had never noticed that what degree their relationship had changed to after their marrige.Until one day,she forgot to take the umbrella again.“Your umbrella!’’her husband called her without patience, which was totally different with his tender attitude in the past.1他们就这样认识了。

在我们讨论的时候有分歧的是动词的选择，know表示的是To have information in your mind as a result of experience or because you have learnt，表示已经知道的事，放在这里并不是很合适，在这里我们要选用一个表示从不认识到认识的过程的动词，familiar表示的是Well known to you;often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognize.，非常了解才用familiar.而aquaintant表示的是是自己去熟悉某种事物或某个人，所以这里用aquaintant比较合适。最终我们选择第三种方式，词汇不多，简练而且能达到所要表达的效果。

2后来几个星期，有几次我看见他们坐在一起，谈得很起劲。

在分析该句的时候，首先是他的状语部分----后来有几个星期、有几次等，状语很多。但是该剧主要表达的意思就是他们在一起谈得很开心，这对男女对彼此很感兴趣所以聊得很起劲。在翻译的时候我们感受最多的还有汉语的句子和英语句子的构建有很大不同，有时汉语说得很多，但只需要一句英语就能把含义表达的淋漓尽致，比如这一句，在这一句里主要发生两个动作，一个是坐在一起，另一个是谈得很起劲，第一种翻译是将两种动作并列起来，完全的汉语式翻译，第二种是将第二种动作变成Ing形式做第一种动作的伴随状语，表达非常生动，有的认为谈得很起劲用talk happily---谈得很开心,还有的认为是 chatting cheerfuly----聊天聊得很嗨，对比一下我们选区后者。

• In the following weeks,I saw they sit together chatting cheerfuly.3又过了几个月，我看见他们手上戴了结婚戒指。

顺着文章的意思，我们大多数都会说I saw they wear their rings on fingers.或者I noticed their wedding rings on their hands.但是我们查了一些资料，但是英国人的说话习惯是把事物做主语，ring or wedding ring? 在这里作者主要想表达的是在甜蜜的爱情的催使下他们结婚了，所以我们选择用wedding ring，因为ring本身没有结婚戒指的意思，它的意思仅限于戒指，指环。这里加了一个glistering 闪闪发光 来修饰，更能表现出两个人的感情线已经走到的极至，所以这一句定为Months later,the wedding rings appeared glistening on their fingers.4可是他们不像以前那样健谈了，她又在看书，他在看报。

• 在分析这一句的时候我们主要关注的是两个人态度的转变，以前两个人健谈的画面被读书和读报所取代，But they were considerably less talkative than before.我们用talktive 表达健谈的含义，而她又在看书，他在看报合并成一句，the chatting was replaced by reading,one with a book and the other a newspaper.5我始终没注意到两人关系已改变到什么地步，直到有一天她又忘记了拿伞。• I had never noticed that what degree their relationship had changed to.Until one day,she forgot to take the umbrella again.由于他说的内容很多包括关系的改变和忘记带伞，所以这一句我们分为两句来翻译，从内容上来看重点在改变一词上，change to what extent 还是change to ……degree？经过差牛津字典，在这里extent与degree没有较大的差别。

6“你的伞！”她丈夫不耐烦地叫到——跟过去的温柔的态度完全不同了。

Your umbrella!’’her husband called her

without patience, which was totally different with his tender attitude in the past.called her without patience 或unpatiently 都可以，在这里我们用定语从句来引导破折号的内容，温柔 tender + 话语、表情、吻，表示有爱意的温柔。Gentle 指的是温文尔雅比如胡晓东老师那种礼貌性质的温柔。

今天我们小组所要讲述的内容为3.5 翻译加评述。

所谓翻译加评述，简而言之，便是翻译加上读后感。而读后感则是我们对自己翻译作品的质量、标准、过程和方法进行总结、反思和评价。

我们作为英语专业的学生，翻译是学习过程中必然会经历的一个过程。很多时候，我们是为了翻译而翻译，很少会细致地对这个翻译过程进行思考，因此我们对翻译质量、标准、过程和方法往往缺乏认识，对自己的翻译不能做出准确合理的评价。会出现这样的状况，主要原因是，我们往往只是关注翻译文本这个行为，而缺少了对自己译作的总结、反思和评价，仅仅注重了翻译的内容，而忽视了翻译的过程。为了对翻译能够有进一步的认识，在3.5章节的指引下，我们翻译了《爱情故事》这个短小的篇章，在这一次的翻译中，通过个人翻译和小组讨论，我们发现在词汇选择、句式理解和汉英差异等方面上，出现了一些把握不准的地方或是需要深入思考的问题。

接下来我们会从词汇选择、句式理解和汉英差异三个方面，分别对这两段进行解析，讲述我们在翻译过程中所遇到的问题，以及我们讨论的结果和我们的理解。最后将对文本的分析分类，并分享我们的译后感。1.词汇选择。

在翻译这两段文字当中，我们感触最深的是对于词汇的选择问题。正如大家再之前所看到的，虽然这是一篇很短小的文章，但是细细分析来看，每一个的选词还是各有不同的，正如我们之前所提及的，像是“多少年来”、“常客”、“女郎”、“门把”、“腼腆”等诸多词汇，看起来简单，我们也总会用到，但是每个词之间都还是会有细微的差别的。不同语境、不同情感，所选的词也不同。

2、句式理解。

在句式理解方面，有些句子一眼乍看，我们心里便会有一个翻译的样式，但是如果回过头再细细读，则会发现它本身也有自身的逻辑，正如每天搭乘公共汽车，可能乍看，会认为是take a bus，但是根据我们对冠词的理解，在这个，take the bus可能会更合适一些。

有些中文表达中像是“一上车就看书，一直看到下车为止”，对于我们来说是很自然的，但是如果翻译成英语，直译的话则会显得很拖拉，放置在英语的语境下，用not...until将两个短剧连接在一起则能显得清晰明了些。

再如，有些语句放在中文环境里，联系上下文很自然我们就能理解。但是如果是在译文当中，如果能够适当的添上一些状语，则能够使文章的逻辑更加通顺，不突兀，前边提到的whenever she carried an umbrella.就是个很好的例子。

3、汉英差异

在翻译中往往令对方看不懂的，有一部分就是汉英差异。这也是我们在翻译中所得出的很深刻的感受。

正如例文里所表达的，有些词汇搭配在一起，在我们看来是司空见惯的，但是在英文里则要转变一种表达方式，才能更加适合英语的表达环境。

因为中国人认识世界时注重直观感受与切身体会，对事物喜欢作整体的关照和“即事见理”式的品味。而英美人受“直线式”思维的影响，直截了当，先表明自己的观点、看法或态度。所以我们在翻译的时候要适当转变一下我们的表达方式，使译文能够更融入目的语的文化背景，使他们能够更好的理解译文，就如我们将词句中的宾语，在翻译中选作主语一样。这样更能适应目的语的思维方式。

4、总体评价。a.合作。

集思广益确实是比单枪匹马成效显著。因为在我们自己翻译的过程中，我们会意识到有些地方很难处理，在反思中还是会有理解不准的地方，但是有了沟通和交流，想法的交换，我们对于原文及译文就能够有更深刻的理解了。

并且取长补短也是合作的优势之一。在我们的翻译中有及突出“信”，也有对情感的理解非常深刻的。因此相互合作能实现多方面更好的平衡。b.不足。

最突出的仍然是词汇量积累太少，对字典、词典的依赖感很强，以及对于文本或是目的语的文化背景不够了解，还有翻译理论方法的积累和时间经验都不够。以后我们还会遇到更多种类型的翻译题材，例如歌词，诗歌，散文等，以后还需更加努力，与大家一同共勉。

第二篇：翻译心得

翻译心得

每次做翻译作业，都感觉是一次巨大的挑战，这次拿到范文后，我还是按照原来的步骤，把所有的生单词划了出来，然后依次查清意思，但是翻译始终是一个长期而又复杂的工作。每次翻译过程中都会遇到这种情况，就是把各个单词的意思搭配起来还是不够通顺，不够完美。这时候会涉及到词语的引申，需要摆脱词语的原有释义，把句子组合的最佳意思表达出来。

从题目的翻译开始，Texting Makes U Stupid，标题的翻译一定要明确简洁，还要能够吸引读者有阅读的兴趣，这是从翻译课上学到的注意事项。标题翻译的好不好，一定程度上决定了翻译的成功率。在翻译题目的时候，此次翻译负责人翻译的题目是短信愚弄人生，我个人觉得这个题目有点不适合，U翻译成人生我觉得不恰当，我的个人观点是译成短信使人愚钝，经过和翻译负责人和成员讨论，最终决定用这个题目。在第一段中，我始终弄不通顺句子：have teenage kids，如果翻译“青少年孩子”放入句子里还是觉得不通顺，讨论后还是没能达成一致，希望可以借鉴大家的翻译，重点注意一下。还有show a teenage Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi，突然在那句话中出现，不知道如何让翻译，可以让上下文看起来自然流畅，这种情况在本文中还有出现。我会在老师讲解时注意句子的翻译。其中在翻译十一本书名的时候明显觉得自己的知识量和阅读量很差很差，完全需要借助网络来查询，翻译着文章，理解着文章的意思，自己也有深深的感触。

在这个信息时代，手机几乎成为必不可少的通讯工具，人们也对手机造成了很大的依赖。我们的生活中缺少精神文化生活，相反的，虚拟的东西占据的比例越来越大。读书是摄取知识的主要的途径，而且文章中阐述的情况跟我们现实生活十分贴切，经过翻译这篇文章后，我也有了较大感触，自己平时不爱读书，知识量很少，在翻译过程中，从词汇量和逻辑语序上，自己觉得能力欠缺很大。对自己的生活状态和生活方式感到愧疚和不安，我们从翻译过程中能够学到能力之外的东西。

而且，通过这几次翻译作业，我觉得翻译需要的文学功底也很高，有时候过于口语化会使文章整体质量下降，一个简单的句子，看看别人或是翻译大家的翻译，读起来朗朗上口，还能清楚准确地表达句意，自己翻译的时候，总会为了更好地调整语序而发愁，为了找到合适的汉语词语并清楚表达意思而苦恼。在这次翻译中，我这种感受更加强烈，语言本身是一个艰巨的过程，有很多俚语或是固定的表达，我们通常不清楚，甚至会出现笑话。本文章中，如throw stones in a glass house，自己翻译的时候直接译成在玻璃的屋子里扔石头，后来才了解到这指的是自己有毛病还去指责别人的人。所以我们需要做的不仅仅是查查生单词，交作业，我们还要记住这些固定搭配，做好长期的积累，下次遇到的时候能够顺利翻译出正确的意思。

还有一点就是，小组成员讨论的确会使效率大大提高，大家的结果才是较好的，每个人发挥自己翻译中的优势，经过讨论，把大家的优势集中到一起，译文当然会更好，但是由于宿舍和班级分配情况，翻译小组的人数最少应该有四个人，以致达到更好的效果，我们需要坚持小组讨论，积极交流个人的意见和观点，把好的部分集中到一起，这样一直坚持下去才能够提高大家整体的翻译水平。

以上是在翻译过程中得到的感悟和自己的想法。在今后的翻译课程上，我会更加注重翻译经验的积累，词汇的积累，希望翻译能够做的更好。

第三篇：翻译心得

近日，慵懒无度，优酷视频上找微电影、创意电影看啊，点了芝麻翻译，以为是很火的一个娱乐节目，发现却是一个多语言翻译软件，尝试看了一下，吸引我去下载的初始原因是这款翻译软件长相可爱，视频上面提供了内测群。用了下，发现还真的有所新体验。颠覆了原先谷歌翻译和有道翻译等传统翻译软件的翻译使用习惯。

简单说一下体验心得：

（1）前所未闻的拖拽模式

 芝麻翻译 ：可以直接支持2007版本以上的word、PPT、TXT文档，只需完成拖拽到芝

麻翻译 软件中，分分钟就可以出现了目标语言版的文档，而且格式还不变，真的是颠覆了我三观，大跌我眼镜。

 传统软件：将文档打开，复制需要翻译内容粘贴到翻译软件中，得出目标语言后，在复

制软件中内容，粘贴到word中，准确度不说，完成这样的一个翻译过程，需要CTRL+C，和CTRL+V分别两次。粘贴到目标文档的语言格式还需要调整。

总结：既然准确度是每家公司使命级任务时，那么用户使用便捷性应该是触手可及的任务吧。芝麻翻译 居然做到了，这也算超越吧！

（2）学习模式

加了内测群之后，与公司技术大牛互动，得知原来这款软件在准确度上还是有所突破的，里面内嵌一个编辑功能，使用软件过程中，发现翻译错误可以直接较错，更改好后的文档直接使用，与此同时，用户修改好的后的正确语句会存在个人库里面，下次翻译到类似语句时，就会出现正确的句子。我描述的不是很清楚，但个人觉得真心很赞！

总结：很期待芝麻翻译 上市呀，以后老师再让发表英文版小论文时，就爽歪歪了，我可以直接拖拽就成了一篇英文文章。吼吼，你拥有这款软件，你老师ZiDao吗？

（3）聊天模式

之前去过韩国，结识了几位韩国oba,嘿，真洋气，韩国oba居然也上QQ。问他为什么，他说周围有很多中国留学生。好吧！我想学韩文，他想学中文，这个芝麻翻译 软件好，可以支持双语模式，我以后跟oba聊天再也不用复制粘贴去查询那些韩语是什么意思了。直接开启芝麻翻译 软件的这个聊天模式，我输入中文，点击回车。就会自动出现中文和韩文双语出现在消息框了！如果你不认识韩国oba，也没事，你可以去认识美国的，日本的，西班牙的，阿拉伯的obas，因为可以支持12种语言。

看到群上说还有很多功能呢，啊哦，还能在写英文的时候，忽然不记得个别单词怎么写，在word中直接写中文，复制拖拽到芝麻翻译 的悬浮窗那里，英文即可浮现在word中，又是一个减少CTRL+C、CTRL+V的节奏！

好吧，科技改变生活，走在世界前沿的人永远在推动着科技进步，善于挖掘用户需求。

第四篇：翻译心得

翻译心得

自从进入到黑大开始学习俄语翻译，慢慢的我发现俄语越来越难，这是以往在大学学习过程中没有过的感觉。原因可能是首先本科的学习本来就是机械性记忆，本科的任务就是背单词，记住语法关系，然后按照语法关系造出几句简单的俄语句子，所以那时我对俄语的感觉就是这门语言其实并不难。其次是因为现在的学习完全不同于机械的记忆，翻译的过程中要思考。这又涉及到了人们的思维各有不同，以及生活阅历不同对一句话的理解也有差异。思考的过程又涉及到很多方面，所以我觉得翻译真的不是一件容易的事。

要想把东西翻译好，翻译的漂亮这并不是一般人能做到的，这里先讲一下由母语翻译到外文的过程。它要求你除了要在掌握良好的俄语基础语法之外，你首先必须有对俄语这门语言的感觉。这是人们通常所说的对一门语言的语感。这种感觉是日积月累主动接触这种语言，而这种语言对你的潜移默化所形成的。这种潜移默化因人而异，所以从一个方面影响着我们的俄语水平，也就影响着我们的翻译质量。这个问题其实在本科时写俄语作文，老师只要简单的阅读一下每位同学的文章，那么很自然的就能分出学生的水平差异。好的文章，自然流畅，对外文的表达地道贴切，如果质量不好的，你会明显感觉到这是一种汉语式的表达，完全按照汉语的思维转换过去，读起来会很生硬。自己的语感还不是很强，意识到这个问题之后，我觉得自己在开始学习如何把翻译做好之前，首先应该继续加强自己对这种语言的语感。多阅读俄语原文，多背诵俄语美文。多留心一些地道的俄汉语表达。这种过程很漫长，我需要努力。毕竟这不是母语，没有母语这种先天的语言环境，有书中说我们每天脑中对母语的文字处理量要达道道到5万字以上，包括你每天听到的声音，每天阅读的文字，说话时大脑思维对文字处理等等。而对于外语来说想要达到母语这种信息处理量十分困难的事情，所以我要在这方面不断地要求自己，尽可能主动的接触俄语，多阅读报刊，多和俄罗斯人交流。这也需要持久的耐力和不断想要自我提升的持续心理催动力的。

此外我再讲讲由外文译成母语的过程我所遇到的困难。上学期我的导师给我一个翻译任务，就是俄罗斯教育部新近下达的关于上海经合组织各大学的教育规定。资料刚拿到手，除了读起来吃力外，我最大的感觉就是即使你懂得了句子的精华，明白了句意，但是想要 把它用地道的汉语表达是非常困难的。在懂得了句意却无法表达的情况下突然觉得自己不会说母语了。或者说出的句子别人根本不懂你的逻辑，有些前言不搭后语的感觉。这就让我懂得了，对翻译的要求不仅要看你的外文水平，对母语的要求也是极高的。而且在翻译专业的文本时，必须要对这一行业的语言和词汇有个大致的了解。这就如同运用母语再次学一遍母语中行业的语言。这又是需要花费大量的时间和翻译积累量的。而且对自己母语的语法也有提高的必要，如何组词造句，如何尽可能的少犯母语的语法错误。这些都是我在没有学习专业翻译之前所没有想到的。

以上我基本讲的都关于笔译方面的一点点感受，口译和笔译相比也有难易之分。首先口译较笔译轻松地方面说。今年夏天我去大连的一个俄餐厅打工，虽然每天接触的只是饭店的一些常用语，但是也经常会遇到各种状况，偶尔会碰到客人和饭店老板沟通时，我在中间做个简单的小翻译，虽然不是什么正式的翻译，但是也有一些心得。首先还是从中母语译成俄语说起，为了迅速达到交际目的，有时候我会把老板刚说出的话，立即逐字逐句译过去，这时就存在一些问题。刚译过去我就立即意识到刚才自己的语法错误，而且这种语法错误我发现是根本避免不了，有时刚想去改，但是觉得又没有必要，因为关键词的传达已经到位的话，此时 没有人会注意你的语法错误。这意味着口译在对组词造句优美方面的要求没有那么高。所以这方面的压力较小。当然这只是简单的生活翻译，如果更专业的翻译我还没有接触过，所以那种难处感触还不是特别深。或许比笔译压力更大，因为专业的正式的口译翻译需除了比我上面提到过得笔译难处之外，还更多的考验人的心理素质。其次是由俄文译成中文，这在简单的生活翻译过程中就轻松得多，因为毕竟生活翻译的常用语是人们非常熟悉的，所以有时候可以不用经过思考就脱口而出，此时考验的不是人的母语水平，更多的是对外语的听力水平，听力好的，思维快的话，就可以沟通无障碍了。当然这还是讲的简单的生活翻译，不过我的终极目标是想做一名专业翻译。还需要学的很多很多。简单的生活翻译任何接触过外语的人都能做到，例如去我工作饭店的导游，她们的目的是只要能达到交际目的，至于外语的地道水平一般不予以考虑。而且在特定的语境下，其实只要身体语言就可以达到交际目的。我的追求要远远超出这些，所以我要做的还有很多。

翻译是个难做的职业。这是我目前接触翻译之后，最大的感受。这条路任重而道远。目前中俄在各方面的交流越来越频繁。所以对翻译的需求也越来越多，做一名成功的被大家认可的好翻译，我的任务还很多。我会继续努力。最后我觉得翻译技巧这门课是我在翻译方面知识学到最多的一门课。这门课很实用，因为里面有些固定的句式是我从来没有接触过的，谢谢老师的工作。

第五篇：翻译心得

题目：Translation Practice and Gains

from It

院 系：外国语学院 专 业：英语专业 姓 名：xxx 学 号：xxx 指导老师：xxx

2011 年 3 月 16 日 XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

翻译心得及翻译实践

摘要

翻译是一项将陌生信息转化为接受者熟悉能理解的信息的处理过程和方法，它包括语言文字，图形符号的翻译转化等多样形式。而语言翻译则是其中的一种较为形象和具体的翻译形式，它不仅仅对译者雄厚的英语语言功底和技能提出了很高的要求，更需要他对西方和本国文明历史以及文化生活有充分的了解和认识，只有将翻译作为拥有不同文化背景的人们进行交际的桥梁，并深入了解掌握本国与异国的民族文化差异，同时在翻译语中找到相应准确通达的语句搭配，才能使异国文化在翻译语中再现其貌，才能真正翻译好一篇文章。本文则是针对两篇有关文化交际方面的学术论文而引发的对翻译方法技巧等的心得体会。一篇是关于文化差异和外语教学的学术文章《中西文化差异探源与外语教学》，而另一篇则是由罗恩·韦特写的《牢记你的格言》---有关商务信函在人际交往中的应用。而在传统的翻译标准上，好的翻译必须做到“信”、“达”、“雅”，即准确、通顺、优雅，那么运用合理的翻译技巧和翻译方法就显得格外重要。其核心的方法还是以直译翻译法和意译翻译法为主，其间通过转换，异化与归化，增译、简译、省略以及句子拆分等方法和策略，在上下文的紧密衔接的基础上对词与句进行翻译。将翻译心得和翻译实践整体的翻译是一次真正意义上的理论结合实际的契机，它不仅要求对理论知识有认识性的把握，同时要灵活运用这些方法技巧，合理地进行全篇翻译。

关键词：翻译 翻译方法和技巧 句词处理 心得体会

i XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

Abstract Translation is a process and method to deal with information, converting strange information into the information which recipients can be familiar with and understand.It includes multiple forms involving the translation and conversion of languages and characters, that of graphs and symbols and so on.The language translation is a sort of translation form which is relatively visual and concrete.It not only puts forward high requirements towards a translator in terms of his strong English language skills and knowledge, but also requires him of having sufficient knowledge and understanding of civilization, history, culture and life both in his own and western countries.Only will people regard translation as a bridge of communication where people have different cultural backgrounds, and deeply have understanding of cultural differences between the domestic and foreign national on translation, finding the corresponding accurate and flowing collocation of words and sentences, they can reappear the origin appearance of exotic culture in the language translation, and truly translate an article well.Directing at two academic papers about cultural communication, this paper greatly triggers my gains of translation methods and skills etc.an article is an academic one about cultural differences and foreign language teaching, The Exploration for the Differences between Chinese and Western Culture and Foreign Language Teaching, and the other one is Minding Your Maxims, written by Ron White-about the application of business letters in interpersonal communication.In the traditional translation standards, a good translation must satisfy the three standards “xin”, “da”, “ya”, namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, therefore reasonable use of translation skills and methods of translation is of great importance.The core methods are still mainly literal translation and free translation method.Free translation is easy to use, but the latter is somewhat difficult, where we use some translation methods and strategies, such as conversion, foreignization and domestication, amplification, simplification, ellipsis and sentence division etc, to translate the words and sentences based on the closely related context.The translation, as a whole of translation gains and translation practice, is actually a good opportunity

ii XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

for combining the theory with the practice, which not only requires of grasping the understanding of theoretical knowledge in cognitive way, but also carrying out a total translation properly with the flexible use of those translation knowledge and skills.Key words: translation

translation methods and strategies

handling sentences and words

experience and gains

iii XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

Contents 摘要…………………………………………………………………….....i Abstract………………………………………………………………….ii 1.The depiction for translation materials……………………….........1 2.Translation methods and strategies

2.1 Conversion…………………………………………………………………....2 2.2 Foreignization translation…………………………………………………...2 2.3 Domestication………………………………………………….......................3 2.4 Extension……………………………………………………………………...3 2.5 Literal translation……………………………………………………………4

3.Handling sentences and words 3.1 Handling long sentences……………………………………………………… 3.2 About some translation skills for sentences…………………………………

4.Gains from translation…………………………………………….....5.Bibliography…………………………………………………………..6.Original English material……………………………………….…… 7.English-to-Chinese translation……………………………………….8.Original Chinese material…………………………………………… 9.Chinese-to-English translation……………………………………….1.The depiction for translation materials For the first article, the cultural globalization is put forward ahead to emphasize the influence brought about by the difference of culture in Chinese and western

iv XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

countries.The new ways of electronic communications make us enter a new era.People seek for global extensive cooperation in the economic and political fields, and meanwhile through cultural exchanges, break the original shut and narrow situation, mutually promoting and developing colorful culture, cooperating efficiently and effectively on the global problems, to walk forward to the open and multivariate and form a new pattern of cultural globalization.The tides of cultural globalization attack both English-teaching and confer new requirements and awareness on people.Therefore, to transcend the obstacle of cultural factors in foreign language teaching, first we must understand these factors behind the languages, making clear definitions of culture and the causes of producing cultural differences.And for culture, it is a complex concept with extremely extensive coverage, generally speaking, there are two arguments including the broad culture and the narrow culture.Moreover, many causes of formation of culture can be referred to, yet we can ascribe them to several following aspects: the ways of thinking, religion, living environment, customs, social etiquette and habits.Consequently, focusing on the differences between Chinese and western culture in foreign language teaching and enhancing cultural introductory is not only the requirements of the times, but also develop a broader vision for our foreign language teaching and inject fresh vitality into it.While the other one is a pure English essay written by a native English speaker, who hopes that his points for the application and writing skills of business letters in interpersonal communication, namely minding our maxims, are focused on to inform people that readers‟ responses can indicate the individual differences in the way where the maxims are interpreted, as well as the problems given rise to by the task specification and the use of models in business letters teaching.Then to give a distinct explanation and account of these problems, there are four angles arising from them: the applicability of pragmatic principles in cross-cultural settings, authentic readers‟ responses, task specification in writing classes, uses of models in the teaching of writing.To sum up, writers will learn to mind their maxims in ways which ought to enable them to optimize the effects they wish to have on their readership.XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

2.Translation methods and strategies As we know, there are two basic translation methods, that is to say, literal translation and free translation method.Literal translation is a translation method to translate directly without any modification, which is asked not to alert the figures of speech but to retain the original structures, ideological content, style and forms of sentences.While free translation is different from that.Though they have something in common, such as the similarity of retainment of original figures of speech, sentence structures, and sentence form, the latter stresses the smoothness and the communicative effect of translated version, regardless of the conversion of structure and pattern.For the free translation, we usually use the following translation methods and strategies as assistance, like conversion, foreignization translation, domestication, amplification, simplification, and extension.Let me make it clearer with some detailed examples.2.1 Conversion Conversion in language translation is a translation tip for some difficult sentences.Additionally, it is always used in the change of parts of speech or the meaning of words to make the sentences more fluent and authentic.Examples: Cg1.C: 西方的思维方式可以追溯到苏格拉底开创的逻辑思辨方式,表现在哲学上则为多主张“人物分离”,崇尚个体思维,认为整体只有在个体对立中才能存在。

E: The western way of thinking can be traced back to the logic speculation pattern which Socrates creates, mostly asserting “figure-object separation” shown in the philosophical speculation way, advocating individual thought that the whole only exist in the individual contradiction.From my translation, we can see “人物分离”in Chinese with traditional Chinese four-word form.Through some conversion, I use “figure-object separation” to express XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

the meaning of separating people from common objects for short.Cg2.E: In an attempt to account for the way participants read into an utterance meanings and intentions other than those obvious from the surface forms themselves,„„

C: 为了说明参与者理解显而易见的意义和目的的方式，而不是那些显而易见的表面形式，Of all the words, we can see a typical and peculiar words “those obvious”, which ought to be regarded as a noun not an adjective word for origin, namely“ 那些显而易见的表面形式”in Chinese.2.2 Foreignization translation In the process of translation, both the Chinese-to-English one and English-to-Chinese one, we confront many examples carrying intense national culture, customs and religion.Hard as some are, I try to make use of foreignization translation combined the local history and native meaning to express the exact meaning.Examples: Cg1.C: 佛教传入中国已有一千多年的历史,人们相信有“佛主”在左右着人世间的一切,与此有关的习语很多,如“借花献佛”、“闲时不烧香,临时抱佛脚”等。

E: Buddhism was introduced into China for more than one thousand years, and people believe there is “the Lord of Buddha” in the world to control everything around, when many related idioms emerge, such as “Jiehuaxianfo” meaning to borrow something to make a gift of it： 借花献佛, “Xianshibuhsaoxiang, linshibaopojiao” meaning to make efforts at the last moment when not free etc.The expressions“借花献佛”and“闲时不烧香,临时抱佛脚”are both Chinese proverbs which carry strong Chinese traditional religious characteristic, thus I choose to use suffixal translation as additional remarks for them, such as “Jiehuaxianfo” meaning to borrow something to make a gift of it.XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

Cg2.C: 用国学大师季羡林教授的话来说就是:“一言而蔽之,东方文化体系的思维模式„

E: Quoted by the Chinese master professor Ji Xianlin‟ words:“ a word for short, that is to say, the mode of thinking in the oriental cultural system is integrated “一言而蔽之”is a traditional archaism, so based on understanding of ancient Chinese culture, I feel the meaning can equal to “用一句话说就是” in Chinese，which can be translated as “a word for short, that is to say” in English.2.3 Domestication translation Domestication translation is a new conception corresponding to the foreignization translation, which first was put forward by Lawrence Venuti, an American translation theorist.The connotation is to minimize the exotic in translation, and provide readers with a natural and fluent translation.From that, we can see the importance of having a good knowledge of cultural background carry a substantial weight in domestication translation.Examples: Cg1.E: Letter B(Appendix I)is a reply to a complaint by a customer who was pick-pocketed at a shop belonging to the chain of which the writer is „Customer Relations Manager‟.C: B类信(附录1)反映的是，一位客户投诉自己在一家商店被扒手模了钱包，而这家店的连锁店里的商店作家是它的客户关系经理。From the context, the chain here is apparently not the original meaning, which I think is endowed with a new conception, namely, multiple shops(连锁店).Cg2.E: Central to Brown and Levinson‟s theory is the concept of face(cf.Goffman, 1955)which may be defined as the public self-image that every one wants to claim XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

for him or her self.Brown and Levinson somewhat confusingly distinguish between what they call negative and positive face, summed up as follows: Positive face   the want to be desirable, accepted

concern with being thought of as a normal, contributing member of one's social world

 the desire for common ground

Negative face   the want to be unimpeded by others

maintaining right of independence, freedom of action within one's own territory

 the right not to be imposed upon

C: 布朗和列文森的理论中心是威信的概念(参考Goffman,1955年),这个概念被定义为每个人想向公众证明自我的一种公众自我形象。布朗和列文森在区分他们所谓的“消极和积极的威信”上多少有些迷惑和不确定,总的可归结为以下几点: 积极的威信

•一种想要被接受和认可的渴望

•关心自己是否被自己所生活的社交界认为是一名正常且做出了贡献的成员 •渴望有共同的背景 消极的威信

•一种想要被别人阻碍的希望

•在自己的领地中对独立的权利和行动的自由的维护 •享有不被施压的权利

The face here is not an organ of body, if translated as “面部”, the real meaning of which will be lost.Consequently, in my opinion, the face is used to express the XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

prestige of someone that can be divided into twofold, the positive and the negative.2.4 Extension Omission, a high-class writing skill, is always used in formal or informal writing, to make the whole passage more incisive and concise, yet bringing some trouble for translation.Hence, we try to restore the intact original sentence in clear meaning, and the extension translation is good choice.Through adding some necessary words into sentences, the whole sentence will be easier to be understood.Examples: Cg1.E: As noted earlier, two of the texts in this study were written by students: in one case, the writer is a Polish undergraduate who aspires to join the UDS, while in the other he is a Hong Kong business man, who is already a practising participant in the UDS.C: 正如前面所提到的那样,这项研究中有两篇文章出自学生之手:其中一个情况是,其作者是来自波兰的一名希望加入UDS的大学生,而另一个作者则是一位来自香港的商人,并且他已经是UDS的加盟成员了。The part “As noted earlier,” is an elliptical sentence, the subject of which actually can be extended from the whole passage.That is “正如前面所提到的那样,”for translation.Another one, “while in the other”, need be extended, which leave out the “writer” after “the other”.Cg2.E: Although three of the five letters are authentic, having been written by real managers to a real customer, two are non authentic, having been written for display, albeit while having to satisfy certain contextual constraints specified in the prompt provided.C: 虽然每五封信中有三封信是真实的，是由真正的经理写给真正的客户的，但是其他两封信都是不真实的，是用于展示的，并且还不得不满足提示中具体说明的前后相关的某种限制。XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

Similarity to the first example, the word “two” in “two are „” is a omission leaving out the word “letter”.But in fact, we all know it refers to letters.2.5 Literal translation Literal translation is the easiest one in all the translation methods, according to the basic meaning of the surface of sentences, which can be translated directly without any modification.Examples: Cg1.C: 英汉民族的思维方式的不同也决定了两个民族的审美情趣的不同。

E: The difference of way of thinking between Chinese and English also determines on the difference of appreciation of the beauty in two nations.Cg2.E: In many cases(but not all)it is based on an assessment of the frequency of interaction and the kinds of material or non-material goods exchanged between the parties concerned.C: 在许多情况下(但并不是全所有的都这样)它都是基于对相互作用以及在不同当事人之间交换的物质和非物质商品的频率的评估而存在的。

3.Handling sentences and words 3.1 Handling long sentences For long sentences, we always face a sentence with 20 or more words which itself is so complex both in programmer and structure.So we must analyze the whole sentence by dividing the sentences to several parts, catching the main and abandoning the subordinate.Only seeing from the whole sentence, related to the context closely, the sentences can be precisely translated.For example, “thus, the impression of symmetry in the social relationship XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

between reader and writer is created, even if, as both parties will acknowledge, there is no actual basis for such solidarity.” For this, it has complicated structure and accompanying adverbial modifier puzzling the readers‟ minds.And after I divide it to several parts and put them to translation, I begin to integrate them in logic.The translation is “因此,要创造出在读者和作家之间的社会关系中的一种对称的相互印象,即使当双方都意识到, 这样的团结其实没有现实的依据。” Another example is that the original sentence, “Since both are communicating in a non native language across cultural boundaries, inter-cultural differences between themselves and their readership will be relevant in terms of defining the what is acceptable within the constraints of the writing tasks they have been set”

is so long which contains different kinds of clauses, giving our translator great challenges.There is my own translation for some reference--“由于它们都是跨越文化界限通过一种非母语语言进行交流，所以他们与他们的读者之间形成的文化差异,与对在写作任务已经得以限定的情况下可以予以接受的东西的定义是有关联的。”

3.2 About some translation skills for sentences In my C-to-E translation, I find I come across the four-word form words which always upset and trouble me because there are no distinct and explicit methods and skills for me to translate them, yet just for my own understanding combined with some habits of English expression and local language use.For instance, I confront a hard sentence, “汉语的审美优势存在于四字结构、意合力强、形式齐整、音律悦耳、词格丰富、意境性强,重整体感应;英语上的优势则存在于结构严密、修辞生动、明快简洁、词藻丰富、表现力强(如引申、转换等),重客观描写”, and I contemplate for a long time but in vain.With the help of my girlfriend and dictionary, I gradually begin to take shape.After modification, my translation comes up--The aesthetic advantages in Chinese lie in four-words structures, strong parataxis force, neat forms, sweet melody, rich word lattice, powerful artistic conception, and emphasizing overall induction;the ones in English are lively and concise, in compact XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

structures, vivid rhetoric , verbal riches with strong expressiveness(such as implication, conversion etc), and regarding the objective description.—Indeed, I choose the form “adjective+noun” to solve the problems.4.Gains from translation In this graduation design, I choose English translation because translation not only puts forward high requirements for a translator in terms of his strong English language skills and commands, but also requires him of having sufficient knowledge and understanding of civilization, history, culture and life both in his and western countries.Moreover another reason counts that the use of the academic words, as well as involving extensive related knowledge range, such as Grice‟s maxims, Brown and Levinson politeness principles, and C-B-S style of professional communication etc.As a consequence, I think it is of more challenge.Yet after busy and hard translation work, I welcome the completion of the whole graduate design.Different kinds of moods and feelings hovers my heart in this unforgettable road of translation, which has a big influence of me and my life.From it, I know a good translation must satisfy the three standards ”xin“, ”da“, ”ya“ in traditional translation criterion, namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.Faithfulness is fundamental requirement, and expressiveness is essential condition, and elegance is high tidemark.Without them, the translation can‟t exist.So how can we reach these requirements? Reasonable use of translation skills and methods is of great importance.As I have refer earlier, I use the literal translation and free translation method for the basic methods.As long as it can be translated directly, I use the literal translation.But when I confront the difficult one, free translation will be my best choice.Through conversion, foreignization and domestication, amplification, simplification, ellipsis and sentence division etc, based on the closely related context, I can translate the words and sentences clearer and more accurate.The detailed examples I have listed before are no longer accounted specifically.What‟s more, I think the analysis for the XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

sentences, especially for sentence division, are greatly critical to translation because only you understand the sentence, can you understand the whole passage and thus translate them precisely and correctly.This is really a tough work for me, owing to my short time for English translation, as well as the great gap between the theory and practice.But I have mad my best progress to accomplish the work, with sweat and tears interweaved, and finally finish the graduate paper.For this, I still feel very happy and joy, for I know no victory is not through the bramble and difficulty, and this translation is also a good opportunity for combining the theory with the practice, which makes me have a qualitative leap on the understanding of theoretical knowledge in class or taught by teachers.Through the flexible use of those translation knowledge taught by teachers, I successfully accomplish the English-to-Chinese translation and the Chinese-to-English translation, and obtain much valuable experience, which not only enlarges the range of my knowledge, but also cultivates my strong interest of learning English.”Nothing is impossible to a willing mind" translation work is a long-term arduous process, which needs constant patience and strong perseverance.I believe, as long as a person can make attempt to endeavoring persistently, working down-to-earth, deeply loving the current job, and cherishing hard-won studying opportunity, he will certainly welcome the dawn of success.Finally, I‟m obliged to my instructor Mrs Kang, who helps me much in my translation work, as well as my girlfriend.Without them, I can not accomplish this paper.My classmates are also helpful when I face much trouble.All the people and all the memory are bound to remain in my deepest soul, and words fails me when I want to express the heartfelt gratitude to them gain.5.Bibliography [1] Yong, Ho.1993.Aspects of Discourse structure in Mandarin Chinese [M].New XXXX大 学 第 二 学 位 毕 业 设 计

York: Mellen University Press.[2] Peter Newmark P.2001.A Textbook of Translation Foreign Language Teaching and Research.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.[3] Kelly,L.G.1979.The True Interpreter: A History of Translation Theory and Practice in the West.Oxford: Basil Blackwell.[4] LEFEVERE, Andre.1992.Translation Literature, Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Context.New York: The Modern Language Association of America.[5] 王宏志，1999，《重释‘信达雅’——二十世纪中国翻译研究》，上海：东方出版中心。

[6] 许钧，2003，《翻译论》，武汉：湖北教育出版社。

[7] 刘宓庆，2003，《翻译教学：实务与理论》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司。[7] 桂诗春、宁春岩，1997，《语言方法论》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。