第一篇:MBA英语总结
MBA英语总结
Part Ⅰ、Writing ⒈避开扣分点(语法错误)的措施: ①对动词前面加情态动词。
②对名词单复数形式如果不确定,则这么处理(Knowledge → many kinds of knowledge)。③不能用You作为人称代词。④从句尽量少用,防止错误。
⒉内容上:要控制自己的思想,在汉语上控制,英语作文不要求思想内容是否深刻。措施:
①有针对性地选定范文结构,按范文结构来写,加少部分自己的内容。②注意语言多样化,用好“七种武器”。
⒊经典句式: ⅰ、as ① 段首句:
As a matter of fact, ______.As is fairly well-known to us all, ______.上述句型就是“万能句型,无所不在”,可以用在文中任何位置。② 列举:
……as follows, ______(First, ……)As will be listed below, ______ ③ 插入语:
主语:as it is,谓语______.主语:as it were,谓语______.插入语能提高句子的档次。④ 段末句:
As discussed so far, ______.(结论)
As for as(主题词)I am concerned, ______.(结论)As far as I am concerned, ______.(自己观点)
Just as an old and popular saying goes, ______.(谚语结束)Just as any coin has two sides, ______.(结论)ⅱ、It ①It goes without saying that ______.(不用说……)
②It is commonly(generally/popularly/widely)through(believed/argued/estimated/held)by a majority of experts that ______.③It is quite obvious(clear/evident)that ______.④It is for beyond any reasonable doubt that ______.⑤It may seem pretty likely that ______.ⅲ、There ①There is no denying to the obvious fact ______.(不可否认)②There is no exception to the rule that ______.(无一例外)ⅳ、to ①To be honest, ______(= To tell the truth, ______).②To cut a long story short, ______.(文章结尾句)③To put it in another way, ______.④To put it more exactly, ______.⑤To put it simply, ______ ⅴ、Intervention ①in a remarkable sense, ______.②on any significant scale, ______.③to a considerable extent, ______.ⅵ、List ①First/First and foremost of all/On one hand/To begin with/For one thing ②Second/What’s more/In addition/On other hand ③Third/Last but not least/Finally/For another thing For one thing ______ for another ______.(表示列举)
⒋文章类型及结构 ⅰ、观点类: ①两个观点论述:
P1:When it comes to a vital topic of …, there are always different viewpoint among the general public in our society, …(总体上介绍)P2(Ⅰ):It is commonly and wildly thought by a small group of people that …, in order to make this point clear, they put forward some interesting argument as listed below, …(赞同的观点)P2(Ⅱ):On the other hand, it must be admitted that other people may think otherwise, according to them, …, they also arise some remarkable points as follows, … P3:As discussed so far there is certain truth in both views.So far as I know, the first group of people seem to be on a form stand.Therefore I prefer to side with them.②一个主观点:
提出观点→深入论述→结束(范文)③问题型:
问题是什么→原因→解决办法(范文)ⅱ、图表作文:
P1:一个变化两个数据,典型数据。
禁止使用倍数关系
禁止使用the more…the more… P2:叙述原因(1~3个)P3:预测趋势 ⅲ、商务作文: ①Claim ②Apology ③Demand for payment ④Offer 范文(教材303~306)⒌谚语:
①Honestly is the best policy.(诚实为上)②Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧)③No pains, no gains.(熟能生巧)④A friend in need is a friend indeed.⑤Money is everything.(金钱万能)⑥Knowledge is power.(知识就是力量)⒍关于WTO语句(见写作宝典)
Part Ⅱ、Reading Comprehension ⒈时间分配
15分钟/篇 = 1分钟(主旨题)+ 6分钟(读文章)+ 8分钟(做题目)⒉Facts做细节题步骤:
①缩小范围(根据Main idea)。
②找线索比较(题目Key Words对应文章Key Words)。③换词:找出出题者如何换词(Replacement of word)。阅读理解三步走:①研究主旨题;②细节题;③看如何换词 推论题可暂时放开不做,做后再作。⒊Short answer(简答题)答案必须简练,不必是完整句。①主旨题(idea):Common nouns.例:P&D of blacks in American.②Facts 找Source→Copy(从原文中找)③归纳题:自己找词归纳。原则: a)、short
b)、copy
c)、conclusion ④新题型:论点在前,论据在后。到论据前找论点,论证方法,一般为:giving example ⑤回答Why:去掉Because of,直接答出关键词(注意不要大写)。完整句回答:a)、so that
b)、because
Part Ⅲ、Translation ⒈从句(重点)
① 定语从句:N(SVO)——总是一个得分点。
对于较短的定语从句,直接提前,长句则要注意拆分。Where引导的从句90%以上为定语从句。定语从句翻译后的注意位置变化。② 主语从句: 先译主语。③ 状语从句:
先译主句:原因是…,条件是…,结果是… ⒉同位语:
① 译成定语从句:N1N2→N2N1
② 先从句。例:The fact I passed the exam is true.(我考试通过是事实。)⒊比较结构:出现省略结构,否定语等 ① more…, than… as…, as… 从后往前译
②no more…, than… ③A not so much … as B ④as much as ⑤歧义词组:as well a(也),as far as(就…来说),as long as(只要).⒋非谓语动词: V-ing,to V,V-ed ①修饰名词:作定语 ②修饰动词:作状语
时间状语:正当 原因状语:因为 结果状语:结果 目的状语:为了
Part Ⅳ、语法:
步骤:①Choice(选项)→②相似选项选出key(排除明显不相似词)→③、sentence 根据相似选项,前后观察,从结构上选key.⒈从句:
①从句引导词:as → what → which → that ②状语从句:provided = given(= if),directly = immediately(=as soon as).③unless(= if not),not…until(搭配)④从句成分——SVD.状语从句——逻辑含义,两句之间的逻辑关系。If, when, unless, not until ⒉非谓语动词:
①V-ing —— 主动;V-ed —— 被动 ②V-ing —— 现在;to V —— 将来
③N V-ing S V O;SVO,V-ing;独立主格结构 ④介词后,V,V-ing ⒊虚拟语气 ①倒装结构
②建议(命令,假设)that S V(原型)⒋结构
①比较结构:A:more N.…than N.(谓语动词与more后的N一致)
B:倍数关系:twice more…than…;twice as…as…;
②倒装结构:Hardly(Only,No…)S V O What = That that
①句首:
As a matter of fact, …
As is fairly well-known to us all, … ②列举:
……as follows, ______(First, ……)As will be listed below, ______ ③插入:
主语:as it is,谓语______.主语:as it were,谓语______.④结束:
As discussed so far, ______.(结论)
As for as(主题词)I am concerned, ______.(结论)As far as I am concerned, ______.(自己观点)
Just as an old and popular saying goes, ______.(谚语结束)Just as an old proverb goes, ______.Just as an old idiom goes, ______.Just as any coin has two sides, ______.(结论)⑤
It goes without saying that ______.(不用说……)
It is commonly(generally/popularly/widely)through(believed/argued/estimated/held)by a majority of experts that ______.It is quite obvious(clear/evident)that ______.It is for beyond any reasonable doubt that ______.It may seem pretty likely that ______.⑥
There is no denying to the obvious fact ______.(不可否认)There is no exception to the rule that ______.(无一例外)⑦
To be honest, ______(= To tell the truth, ______).To cut a long story short, ______.(文章结尾句)To put it in another way, ______.To put it more exactly, ______.To put it simply, ______ ⑧列举:
First/First and foremost of all/On one hand/To begin with/For one thing Second/What’s more/In addition/On other hand Third/Last but not least/Finally/For another thing For one thing ______ for another ______.(表示列举)
模式一:问题→原因→解决办法
AIDS in Modern Society Recently, there has been a wide concern among the general public with respect to AIDS.As can be seen from the newspapers and TV programs, there are already many cases of AIDS in our life.If the present situation goes on, serious sequences will be inevitable in the near future.Then how to prevent it from further spread.First and foremost of all, we should learn the facts that how AIDS is transmitted and how it is not transmitted.What’s more, we should share that knowledge with our family and community.Last but not the least, we need government support from both areas of finance and law.Only through these efforts, I believe, can the problem of AIDS be efficiently solved soon.They also arise some remarkable points as follows, …, besides, … P3(My view):
As discussed so far above there is certain truth in both views.As far as I know, … , Therefore I prefer to side with them.模式二:双观点型
Position and Negative Aspects of Sports When it comes to a vital topic of sports, there are always different viewpoints among the general public in our modern society.It is commonly thought to majority of people that sports are of great important to people’s health.To begin with, as a matter of fact, sports stimulate blood circulation.In addition, it goes without saying that sports can help digestion.Last but not the least, sports, as it were, make one energetic.On the other hand, it must be admitted that other people may think otherwise.According to them, sports are time-consuming in the morning.Furthermore, if one takes exercise without taking in enough nutrition, it will do harm to his health, which is just the opposite to what he wishes.As discussed so far above there is certain truth in both views.As far as I know, the first group of people may seem to be reasonable and therefore I prefer to side with them.框架:
P1(introduction):
When it comes to a vital topic of ______, there are always different viewpoints among the general public in our modern society.It is commonly thought to majority of people that ______.In order to make this point clear, they put forward some interesting argument as listed below.First and foremost of all, ______, what’s more, ______.Last but not the least, ______.P2(discussed):
On the other hand, it must be admitted that other people may think otherwise.According to them, ______.
第二篇:01 MBA英语冲刺总结
MBA英语总结
一、阅读理解A
(一)解题顺序
1、题目标题:快速定位题目核心词及题型—目的文章中快速定位文章所在位置
2、文首文尾:详读文首文尾,特别文首句,明白文章主体写什么;总-分-总;总-分
3、顺序解题:按文章顺序,根据定位具体题目对应文章位置,详细解题;
(二)总体原则
1、开门见山点主题:关注文首/段首句;
2、转折之后必答案,转折之后是重点,转折之后即观点,转折之后表态度;
转折单词:but ,however,though,yet ,hardly,while, certainly, 转折词组:in fact,of course,sad to say,as a matter of fact,(三)文章结构
1、文章结构:总-分或总-分-总,要么转折、对比,要么举例说明。每段的第一句很重要,尤其总分结构的段。通过首段或者前两段,来把握信息点。也就是作者想说什么。
2、中心论点:中心句一般在段首。举例段一般在举例前后。转折之后即中心(或者后一句,一般在该段的第三行上下浮动)。重点词:that mean,the notion is that
3、文章举例:举例都是为了说明观点的。这个观点(中心句),大部分会在举例之前已经表达了,部分在举例之后表达。一定要找出作者举例想说明的这个观点。
4、关键转折:转折的时候,你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。
(四)题型思路:
1、细节题:
(1)特殊选项即答案:一个与其他三个选项很不一样;(2)根据题干找选项:
提问式问法:选项回答题干即答案what,which,why 补全填空法:选项带入题干,逻辑相符通顺;
2、词/句义题:
关键看词汇附近上下文语境理解该处词义;统一视同为生词;
(1)考熟词:考生一般最熟悉的相近意非答案,不能按已知意思找选项;(2)考生词:
并列关系:同义词;which means,in other words,to put it simply 转折关系:反义词
解释说明:选项用原词解释原词非答案
3、推断题:
(1)题干标志:infer,imply,indicate,暗示了推断了
(2)选项不能与原文一样,但也不能没关系,原文某句话找到根据,同义词替换(3)最佳方法:排除选项法
4、态度题:
(1)题干出现:attitude,viewpoint,opinion,standing point;(2)选词总结
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CD基本不选,主要在AB里选择;A正向;B负向;关键作者使用词性方向;同类排
5、事例分析:
(1)题干标志:case,example:(2)一般例前句为答案,例后面少;观点+例子证明;(3)就近找答案,同义词替换为选项;
6、主旨题
(1)题干关键词:main idea,topic,title,entitle,purpose,maily above(2)看文首开门见山点主旨;首段转折之后为答案;开头提问式,选项回答即答案;(3)选项寻找关键词;文首段首高频关键词对应即答案;(4)扩大/缩小信息非答案;例子/原句非答案;
(五)解题技巧
1、正确选项:
(1)高频词对应法:特别文首、段首关键高频词;
(2)同义词替换法:选项与文章出题处一个或几个词,同义词替换表相同意;(3)选项矛盾选一:选项中意思完全相反的2个选项,其中之一是对的(4)词汇题的选项:在原文的该词汇附近的句子;
并列关系或解释——同义词。转折关系——反义词。
(5)语气委婉不绝对的选项往往是答案:can,could,probably,may,maybe,might,be likely to,most,more or less,relatively,assumably,ordinarily presumedly,about,approximately,almost,nearly,perhaps等。含有某种、某些、某人的不确定的指代含义的选项往往是答案some,someone,somebody,something,certain,somewhat,sometime,somewhere.含有表示“发展变化”含义的选项往往是答案:change,delay,improve,postpone,increase,alter,decrease,decline,expand,develop,grow,evolution,progress,influence,transfer,transform等。含有表示“重要”含义的选项往往是答案:
important,necessity,essential,necessary,crucial,critical,fatal,main,concernful,momentous,significant,staple,vital.正确答案几率较大的词:some,should,change,effort,endeavor.2、错误选项
(1)同类项排除法:选项相同选项非答案;(2)重复原文非答案;
(3)扩大/缩小信息非答案;
(4)文章例子非答案:用文章里举例的句子来作为选项,直接排除;(5)张冠李戴偷换概念非答案;
/ 5(6)无关选项非答案:与文章无关,节外生枝选项非;(7)选项主谓宾与题干原文不一致非答案;(8)选项中出现only的非答案;
语气过于绝对的选项往往不是答案:must,always,never,the most(最高级),all,only,any,none,entirely,utterly,every,completely,necessary, dispensable,indispensable,certainly,undoubtedly,definitely,surely, by all means,all to nothing,to acertainty,等。
二、阅读理解B(7选5)
(一)多项对应(易):
1、寻找题干关键词:名称、人名、数字、谓动、信息词等
2、回到原文定位:跳读,寻找题关键词在文章出处,标记;
3、原文与选项比较:同义词替换
4、解题技巧:先选择简单可确定的选项;反向选择最终难的题目;
(二)选小标题(难):段落中心思想
1、出题说明:横线为下面段落的主要标题内容;
2、分析选项:寻找选项关键词,标出;
3、段落定位:关注段首,细节精读;
4、解题方法:高频词对应解题法;同义词替换法;
5、解题顺序:先做确定简单的,再做难的-反选(最后的排除法)
三、翻译题
1、评分标准: 卷面分,内容分,不能有错别字,全部为中文。
2、卷面形式:卷面整洁,字数满格,字迹清晰,内容“信达雅”,准确完整通顺;
3、翻译技巧:
(1)直译与意译相结合原则;尽量先直译,不行再意译(2)词汇翻译:
增词法:根据语境,适当增加词语;
重复法:避免歧义和语义明确,把汉语重复; 比喻法:尽量适用中文,同比英语对仗发译;(3)否定肯定转换:
肯翻否:rather A than B 选A非B,more than ,better than ,far from 否翻肯:not until,no less than Anyting but =not at all 一点也不
4、翻译顺序:
(1)简单句找谓动,长难句找连词;遇到长难分句翻。
(2)正常主从正序翻,形式主/宾从还原翻,主从长难分句翻;(3)方式/目的/时状/地状/定语从句提前翻,表语从句正序翻(4)同位语从句提前翻(被修饰的名词之前),若被隔开分句翻;
(5)主从在句首,动词之后是宾从,系动之后是表从,名词之后同位从(6)非限定从句分句翻,英语有标点跟随翻;
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四、写作
(一)大作文
1、柱状bar/曲线line chart(1)第一段:开篇数字
The given bar/line chart clearly illustrates great changes from the year__to the year__.According to the data revealed by this chart,the number of__ increased dramatically from __ to__,while the number of__ slided slightly and remained almost the same.In the meantime,the number of__ experienced a steady downturn./The number of __fluctuated sharply all though.1000万 10 million(百万)(2)第二段:分析原因 From my perspective,a couple of factors can contribute to this phenomenon.There are numerous reasons accounting for such changes.To begin with,it is apparent that the prosperity of our nation and the improvement of living condition result in the popularity of this trend.What is more,there is no denying that government implemented proper relevant policies recently,which play a significant role in driving this tendency.Last but not least,it can be said without any exaggeration that the turning attitude of people,in combination with better education, promotes more people to make these choices.(In addition,it is universally acknowledged that confronted with life pressure in the highly developed society,people would like to manage and reduce their pressure.As a result,more attention is paid to do sth(tour Chinese traditional culture)(3)第三段:收尾总结
Base on what has been discussed above, we can safely come to a conclusion that this trend/phenomenon will continue in the following years.It is worthwhile to note that it surely can be inevitably widespread with better governmental policies.In my opinion,it is a positive trend and should be encouraged,for it is not only beneficial for A__,but also conducive to B__.2、饼图 pie chart(1)第一段:开篇数字
As we can see from the diagram, remarkable tendency that has occurred in the sphere draws our attention.The given pie chart clearly illustrates the percentage of_主题 _.According to the data revealed by this chart,the ranking first/the percentage of__ accounts for _% of the total.Meanwhile,The next two significant items are_A and _B,which take up _% and _% respectively.In the meantime,the proportion of the remaining part only makes up a small percentage in the whole chart.3、表格 table(1)第一段:开篇数字
As we can see from the diagram, remarkable tendency that has occurred in the sphere draws our attention.The given table clearly illustrates the percentage of_主题 _.According to the data revealed by this table,most A under __ are ,and In the meantime,the proportion of the remaining part only makes up a small percentage in the whole table.4 / 5
(二)小作文:
1、道歉信
2、感谢信
3、邀请信
4、建议信
5、询问信
6、辞职信
7、求职信
8、祝贺信
9、请求信
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第三篇:MBA 英语常用翻译技巧总结
MBA 英语常用翻译技巧总结
(一)翻译考察三方面内容:
1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻 译(如school、set 的多义)
2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择,词序调整,词性转换和增词法等等
3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等)
一、常用方法
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到 很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用 于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练。
1.增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较 多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动 语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言 在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说 到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时 需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子 与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在 汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文 中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如:(1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)
(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)
(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物 主代词)
(5)_______只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps.(增译连词)(6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)(7)在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)(8)三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注 释性词语)
2.省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表 达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如:
(1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)(2)I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)(3)中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省译名词)3.转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句 型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转 换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在 句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如:
(1)我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名词转动词)(2)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)(3)由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(动词转名词)(4)I’m all for you opinion.我完全赞成你的意见。(介词转动词)
(5)The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(动词转名词)
(6)In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。(形容词转名词)
(7)In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态)(8)时间不早了,我们回去吧!
We don’t have much time left.Let’s go back.(句型转换)(9)学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.(名词转副词)4.拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个 较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以 汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成 长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续 成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:
(1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。(在主谓连接处拆译)
(2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前 拆译)
(3)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account 英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在 定语从句前拆译)
(4)中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合译)
5.正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按 照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方 式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因 此比较地道。如:
(1)在美国,人人都能买到枪。
In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.(正译)In the United States, guns are available to everyone.(反译)(2)你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet.(正译)
This information is accessible/available on the Internet.(反译)(3)他突然想到了一个新主意。
Suddenly he had a new idea.(正译)He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正译)A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.(反译)(4)他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。
He still could not understand me.(正译)Still he failed to understand me.(反译)(5)无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正译)She is anything but a bright student.(反译)(6)Please withhold the document for the time being.请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译)请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)
二、被动语态译法
英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见, 凡是在不 必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于 MBA 入学考试的复习与应考是极为重要的, 因为在MBA 入学考试中,英译汉文章的内容多以科 普文章为主。在汉语中, 也有被动语态, 通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远 小于英语中被动语态的使用范围, 因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。对于 英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法: 1.翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同 的情况。
(1)英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用了“加以”, “经过”, “用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如: 例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.其它问题将简单地加以讨论。
例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。例3.Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。
(2)将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。例如: 例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series ofprogrammes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考题)人们常说, 电视使人了解时事, 熟悉政治领域的最新发展变化, 并能源源不断地为观众提供各种 既有教育意义又有趣的节目。
例3.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.人们普遍认为,孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。另外, 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is asserted that … 有人主张…… It is believed that … 有人认为……
It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……
(3)将英语原文中的by, in, for 等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况下, 英语原文 中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例如: 例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。
例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。
例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比, 而且认为这些思维过程必须 经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。(4)翻译成汉语的无主句。例如: 例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.应该尽最大努力告?nbsp| 年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。
例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同。
例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….必须找到新的能源,这需要时间……
另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is hoped that … 希望……
It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说……
It is supposed that … 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……(5)翻译成带表语的主动句。例如: 例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的, 但必须具备两个条件: 能够假定这个孩子对测试 的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被 扣分。
(注意上述翻译技巧在该句翻译中的综合运用。)2.译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如: 例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。
例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。
例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。
例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.流体在管道中流动的情况, 受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。
例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类 似微星的基础材料。
例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具 和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入, 还是相反, 这往往取决于把哪一方 看作是驱动的力量。
例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.石油的供应可能随时会被中断;不管怎样,以目前的这种消费速度,只需30 年左右,所有的油井 都会枯竭。
MBA 英语常用翻译技巧总结
(二)三、形容词译法
英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。下面拟谈谈形容 词的翻译问题。
(一)、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配,有时可译成否定句。1.These goods are in short supply.这些货物供应不足。
2.This equation is far from being complicated.这个方程一定也不复杂。
(二)、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字。1.It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.这是我度过最愉快的一天。
2.It is easy to compress a gas.气体很容易压缩。
(三)、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构。1.She spoke in a high voice.她讲话声音很尖。
2.This engine develops a high torque.这台发动机产生的转矩很大。
(四)、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序。1.a large brick conference hall 一个用砖砌的大会议厅
2.a plastic garden chair 一把在花园里用的塑料椅子
(五)、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词,同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可 将形容词译成动词。
1.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。
2.Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。
3.He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。
(六)、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词。1.I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。
2.He asked me for a full account of myself and family.他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。
3.Another war will be the absolute end of our country.再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。
从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节
四、举例before 和good 具体译法
(一)连词before 的含义是“在……以前”(previous to the time when)。在句法上,它引导状语从句。可见它的词义颇为单纯,功能比较专一。然而,由于汉英表达习惯的不同,在将before 汉译时,其译法却 多种多样。常见的有以下几种:
1,直译成“(在)……(以或之)前”。这时主句与before 从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。Before I enter on the subject I have something to say.在讨论这一问题之前,我有些话要说。
They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated.他们家乡解放前生活很苦。
2,译成“(后)……才”。副词“才”在汉语中表示某事发生得晚或慢。如果在含有before 从句的复合句中,强调从句动作发生得晚或慢时,就可以应用这种译法。这里又有两种情况,一种是主句主语为名词或代词,另一种是主语与非人称it。
The train had left before he got to the station.火车开了他才到车站。
It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎过了好大一会儿才轮到我。
3,连词before 与barely,scarcely, hardly 连用时还可译成“刚……就”。在汉语中,“就”强调事情发生 得早或快。如果原文突出主句与从句的动作一前一后紧接着或几乎同时发生,即可用此译法。We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles outside.我们刚坐下就听到外边有自行车的声音。
We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我们刚离开学校天就下起雨来。
4,如果原文主句中谓语动词是否定形式则可译成“就”、“便”、或“快”。这又分主句主语为名(代)词和it 两种情况。
I had not waited long before she came.我没等多久她就来了。
It was not long before he got to know it.不久他就知道了。
5,假使原文目的在于渲染从句动作发生之前,主句动作业已发生,可译成“未……就”或“还没有(来得及)…… 就”。
The day began to break before we got to the hilltop.我们还没有到达山顶天就开始亮了。
Before I could say a single word, he ran away.我连一句话也没来得及说他就跑了。
另外,像before he knew it 一类习惯说法,则可译成“不……(就)”。The boy fell down from the ladder bvefore he knew it.那个男孩不知怎么一来就从梯子上摔了下来。
6,译为“趁(着)”,或用反说,译成“不然会”、“要不就”、“没”、“不”等。Study hard before it is too late.趁早努力学习。
I’ll do it now before I forget.趁着还没忘记,我现在就做。
She arrived before I expected.我没料到她来的这么早。
7,某些习语中的连词before 可译成“先……然后”、“先……再”或“而后”等。One must sow before one can reap.先有播种后有收获。Look before you leap.三思而后行。
有些习语中的before 也可译成“未……先”。
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.鸡蛋未孵,勿先数雏。
此外,连词before 还作“与其……(宁愿)”(rather than)讲,通常可以为“宁可……也不(肯)”、“宁愿…… 决不”等。例如:
We will die before we give in.我们宁死不屈。He would die before he lied.他宁死也不肯说谎。
以上罗列了连词before 的几种常见的译法。英汉表达方式很不相同,具体译法,须根据具体情况而定
(二)Good 一词,在英语中该算是最熟悉、最常用的了。它的搭配能力很强,而且也常见于科技文章中。一看到good,我们便自然而然得会想到“好的”这一词义。然而,在一些场合,good 的译法却是颇费踌躇 的。
1,可译为“好的”,但概念模糊:如good fish(好鱼),是指品种,大小还是新鲜程度呢?
2,勉强可译为“好的”,但不搭配:如Good fire 若译为“很好的炉火”是可以理解的,但不如译为“旺盛的 炉火”。
3,译成“好的”反而错了:如good hard work 不是指“一项好的但却艰巨的工作”,而是指“一项十分艰巨 的工作”。
为什么这样普通的词在翻译时却难处理呢?其原因有二: 第一,只知其一,不知其二、三
有的词有一个义项,有的词有两个或两个以上义项。good 一词,在《现代高级英汉双解辞典》中就有十 八项释义,如不能全面地掌握这些义项,翻译时就会遇到困难。第二,不善举一反三,触类旁通
从语言的发展来看,一个词总会有一个最原始的或最基本的词义(叫做本义),而其他的词义是由这个词 发展或引申而来的(叫做引申义)。引申,就是由原义产生新义。选择词义难就难在这个“新”字上。一是 英语单词本身已有引申义。这就要勤查字典,从诸多词义中去挑选最合适的词义。二是词典中所有词义都 不贴切,要根据汉译的需要去创造新义,而新义又必须与本义相关联。如good 一词在英语中已有引申义 “strong,vigorous(强健的,有力的)”。因此,His eyesight is still good.一句应译为“他的视力仍 然很强。”(good 由“好的”引申为“强的”)。而在下面的例句中,good 可引申为“高度的”。To produce strong X-rays the tube had to be made a very good vacuum.管子要产生强的射线,就必须制成高度的真空。而“高度的”这一词义,在《现代高级英汉双解辞典》、《远 东英汉大辞典》等的汉语释义中都是没有的,因而可算是新创的。现在,让我们以《现代高级英汉双解辞 典》为据,列举good 一词的几个义项来观察它在汉译时是如何引申和再引申的。为了节省篇幅,只探讨 作为形容词用的而且常用于科技文章中的几个义项的译法,不涉及用于生活、口语和文学时的译法,也不 涉及用于问候语、客气的称呼、赞扬之词以及片语和复合词的用法。为了方便,在此不再引用其英语的释 义而用其对应的汉语译义,每一词义只举一例。(1)、美好的;良好的;令人满意的 a good knife 一把好刀 a good conductor 良导体 汉译时引申:
1,a good soil 肥沃的土壤 2,good oil 提纯了的油
3,a good money 真的货币 4,a good river 畅通的河道 5,good English 规范的英语
6,Good switches move quickly.优质开关动作灵活。(good 引申为“优质的”)7,That engine sounds good.那台发动机听起来很正常。(good 引申译为“正常”)8,the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the air.火箭穿过真空比穿过空气容易。(good 引申译为“容易”)
9,A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.电变为动力的典型例子是电车。(good example 引申译为“典型的例子”)10,In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently strong.在无室外天线时,若发射机的信号很 强,这种拉杆天线可产生清晰的图象(good picture 引申译为“清晰的图象”)
11,Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of cases.激光有许多显著的特性,这些特性使它在许多情况下成为一种更理 想的光源。(good 引申译为“理想的”)(2)、有益的
Milk is good food for children.牛奶对小孩是有益的。汉译时引申: 1,good gradient平缓的坡度
2,It is no good heating the material to such a temperature.把材料加热到这样的温度是不恰当 的。(good 引申为“恰当的”)
(3)、能胜任的;有能力的;能干的 汉译时引申:
1,a good chess player 高明的棋手
2,A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.一个熟练的翻译人员一 天也许能翻译两千到三千个词。(good 引申译为“熟练的”)(4)、彻底的;完全的
The workers gave the machine a good checking.工人们对机器进行了彻底的检查。汉译时引申: 1,have a good drink 喝个痛快
2,It has been thought of making good use of the sun"s energy to serve the well-being of the people.我们早就设想过充分利用太阳能来为自己造福。(good 引申译为“充分”)3,This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 hours.本机耗电极少,因而具有12 伏足电的汽车蓄电池在你看电视十小时后仍能用于开车。(good 引申为“充足的”)
4,Rivers provide good sources of hydropower.河流具有丰富的水力资源。(good 引申译为“丰富 的”)
5,The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current gains.CE 电路得到广泛的使用,因为它能获得高电压增益和高电流增益。(good...gains 引申译为“高……增益”)
(5)、可靠的;安全的;确实的
a car with good brakes 刹车可靠的汽车 a good investment 安全的投资汉译时引申: good debts 确可偿还的债务__
第四篇:2015最新MBA英语备考
MBA英语备考
英语学习是一个点点滴滴积累的过程,因此,在备考过程中,大家就需要努力做到系统,循序渐进和按部就班。
首先,大家目前要对自己的英语水平做一个客观的评估,一个准确的定位,继而制定出相应的复习计划和策 略。
从整年的备考来讲,英语复习大致分为四个阶段:
第一个阶段是基本功夯实阶段。万丈高楼平地起,关键是要打地基,这一阶段主要侧重英语知识的系统复习。大家应该把重点放在基础知识的积累方面,具体而言就是词汇和语法两方面知识的积累。
第二个阶段是真题解密阶段。所谓真题解密阶段,即正视过去,重视历年真题的学习研究。历史是一面镜子,可以折射未来发展的道路。要真正做到这一点,同学们应把真题分为一个个专题,作深度剖析,即,根据试卷题型分成词汇、完型、阅读、翻译和写作五个专题。这五个专题就是我们在第二个阶段重点攻克的目标。我们在总结真题的过程当中会发现,真题是有很多规律的,历史总是惊人地相似的,命题专家并不是随意地出题,而是万变不离其宗,都是有一定套路的。因此,在专项研究每个专题的过程当中,同学们可以深刻地感受到这些套路的存在。相应地,我们也可以挖掘出富有针对性的之道。在这个阶段,大家还必须把这些相应的之道进行总结,并力争把它们上升到相对熟练的高度,这是第二个阶段的核心任务。
第三个阶段是巩固提高阶段。在此阶段,我们一方面要继续提升我们的语言基本功(尤其是词汇的认知和理解),提升我们的语言应用能力(读、写、译),熟化我们的解题套路,另一方面,我们还要强化优势,弥补劣势,找到自己的不足加以有针对性地改进。此外,大家应该力争在此阶段通过大量实践练习,完全吸收老师的讲解并能总结提炼出一套有自己特色的解题思路。真正做到站在巨人的肩膀上,一览众山小。(切忌一味机械而又教条地背诵什么解题技巧,这只会让你的理论和实践完全脱节。)
第四个阶段是模考冲刺阶段。这个阶段基本上进入到了11月中下旬,离我们的2010年MBA联考已经非常接近,大家在这个阶段最好参加一系列的模考,模考的好处显而易见,比如说可以帮助查漏补缺(因为科学规范的模拟题目和实战环境会让考生及时发现很多潜在问题),还可以帮助考生更好地掌控考场节奏,此外,模考还可以帮助大家调整心态、稳定状态,使大家在进入考场之前达到理想的应试状况,从而使得我们在考场上充满信心,做到放手一搏。
二、俗话说,千里之行,始于足下,在当前这样一个夯实基础的阶段,您能否再深入具体谈谈考生应该怎样做?
鉴于目前大家正处于备考的第一个阶段,也就基础夯实阶段,我想有针对性地再强调两个方面的学习。
第一个方面就是词汇的学习。我们MBA的考试,要求的词汇数量从2006年的4500个已经上升到5800个,而四级是4500个,六级和研究生入学考试求的都是5500个。所以单纯从词汇的数量上来讲,它是高于六级和普研的,是广大MBA考生面临的第一道难关。对于边工作边学习的广大MBA考生而言,短期之内想记住5800个单词可以说甚为艰巨,所以大家在复习当中应该做到有所侧重。
我把这5800个单词分为三种,第一种是基础词汇,第二种是核心词汇,第三种是边缘词汇。
所谓的基础词汇就是大家在高中以前所接触到、所学习到的词汇。这部分词汇,如果大家了解高中教学大纲的话,大概是2000左右,这一部分词汇,因为大家接触得比较频繁,还是有一点儿的印象,所以经过短期的回顾应该可以马上恢复。所以它不应该是我们基础阶段学习的重点。
第二部分核心词汇,指的是什么呢?如果想了解核心词汇的定义,最好先了解一下边缘词汇,它指的是那些比较专业、语境比较偏狭,使用频率比较低的词汇,比方说,锌zinc,斑马zebra,canvasser挨家挨户兜售货物的销售员。在英语的整套试卷中,考生会发现它们的应试价值是很低的,所以我们把它们称为边缘词汇。把基础词汇和边缘词汇(包括很偏狭的商务词汇)部分排出,剩下的就是核心词汇了,我通过多年的研究,发现真正有考试价值的核心词汇也就是3000个左右。这部分单词是构建我们阅读、翻译和写作的基础,是基础班阶段学习的重中之重。
大家如果有时间跟老师把这部分核心词汇系统地过一遍,一方面可以加强记忆效果,做到更好的理解与把握,另一方面也可以习得很多的词汇学习方法。但是同学们一定要注意,记忆单词并非目的,而是要在考试中去理解和应用单词。所以大家一定要有“学以致用”的意识,一边背诵,一边积极在语境中实践,巩固消化。我们可以通过做一系列的词汇练习题来加以巩固,也可以通过精读一定的文章加以巩固,比如新概念二册,新概念三册等等。在基础阶段,我要强调的第二个问题是语法问题。
大家都知道,在MBA的试卷当中语法题目已经彻底地退出了,语法考题已经成为历史,那么是不是说语法就不重要了呢?答案是否定的!大家都知道在普通研究生入学考试中是没有词汇题目的,也是没有语法题目的。但每一个参加研究生入学考试的考生在备考过程中,都会花上大量的时间和精力去背单词和学语法。为什么?因为语法和词汇一样属于最最基本的语言基础。一个人英文差,从某种意义上讲就是语法差,单词可以自己背,但语法需要理解才能掌握,须跟着老师学。
简单举个例子,翻译“去学校”,汉语当中“去”一个字,“学校”两个字。“去学校”就出来了。但是英语这样对应的翻译go school就是错误的,从这一个小例子大家就可以感受出来英语和汉语是不一样的,它是强调一种外在形式的语言,你必须在中间加个虚词,加个to才是正确的。还有很多很多的句子,你会发现如果不了解语法的话,根本就读不懂,甚至意思大相径庭。
所以我常说语法是构建句子的灵魂,甚至是构建英语的灵魂。真正高难度的英语考试不是难在词汇上,而是在语法上。简言之,语法的系统学习会让考生对英语有一个全新的认识,对提升考生的阅读、翻译、写作等技能起到至为关键的作用。
三、对于基础特别不好的学员,比如说中专毕业,没上过高中,您认为通过一年的学习,最终可以通过联考吗?
这样的考生还是比较常见的,可以说每年都有碰到。他们只要从词汇班做起,一个个台阶跟过来,不会有任何问题。在我的班上,我总会照顾到这些同学,并经常和他们保持沟通交流,我认为他们的成功才能更证明老师或者说辅导班的成功。
四、在最初的词汇复习阶段,关于词汇的记忆,您建议大家用哪些记忆的方式呢? 记忆单词一定要注意方法,我们成年人不再是小孩子,我们的理性思维远远胜于感性思维,所以我们一定要采用一些理性的记忆方法,尤其是词根词缀的联想记忆方法,阿基米德曾经说,给我一个杠杆我可以撬起地球,词根和词缀在单词记忆方面就可以很好地起到杠杆的作用。
还有一种方法我觉得比较适合基础差的学员,那就是不妨通过朗读背诵一些浅易的文章,比如上新概念二册,你可以想像一下90篇文章全背下来你可以掌握多少词汇量。如果你的基本功好一点,也可以朗读背诵新概念三册的文章。即使背不下来,通过朗读把单词搞熟了,很多词汇也可以成为我们词汇量范围之内的可用单词。
五、为考生推荐英语方面的参考用书
就英语学习而言,我认为考生应该准备词汇、句法、阅读、真题四个方面的工具书。词汇大家应该先听一段时间课程,在掌握了一些方法、具备了一些思路或意识之后,再看词汇书。句法涉及到写作、翻译和长难句理解也是很重要的一方面,却经常被考生所忽略。词汇:《MBA联考英语核心词汇精读笔记》经济管理出版社 句法:《考研英语长难句分类突破与句法速成》北航出版社 阅读:《MBA联考英语精读80篇》北航出版社 或《MBA联考英语阅读100篇》机工社真题:《MBA联考英语历年真题名家详解》 以暑假为分界线,上半年重点是词汇+句法;后半年重点是阅读+真题。
最后,我想说,09年对于大家而言是特殊的一年,是奋斗拼搏的一年,是做青春最后一搏以换取人生重大转机的一年,我深信“有志者,事竞成,破釜沉舟,百二秦关终属楚;苦心人,天不负,卧薪尝胆,三千越甲可吞吴”。真诚希望大家能够经受得住成功道路上的考验——享受奋斗带给你的痛和乐
第五篇:MBA英语面试
MBA面试英语口语:经典口语词汇it’s just my cup of tea(正合我的口味,指人,事等)Take it easy.easy dose it。(慢慢来,别着急)Do as i said(照我的意思做)Let’s roll up our sleeves。(大家一起干吧,有时候指大家一起拼搏)Put it in my hands。(交给我好了。有时候指帮助别人做一些琐碎的小事)。..is now in season。(正是吃。..的好季节,比如一些刚刚换季的水果)Let’s grab a bite to eat(让我们赶紧吃点东西吧,一般指时间很紧张)This food is out of the world(此食只应天上有,人间哪得几回吃)What a bummer!(太扫兴了,也指对一些事情期望过高但事实上并没有达到预期的效果)First things first(先做要紧的事,很多场合都很适用)Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you。(不要杞人忧天)Did you get the picture(你明白了没有?适用于给某人讲解一些东西后问其是否理解)Be back in.。.minutes!(必须在。..分钟内回来!命令的口吻。通常是指领队人对队员说的话)Time is running out。(没时间了)Great minds think alike.(英雄所见略同)Get going!(赶快动身吧!用在开始行动时)We’ve got to hit the road。(我们要赶快了,hit the road表现出紧急,很形象)I can’t place his face。(碰见某人和你打招呼而你不记得他是谁的时候,可以用这个句子)Once bitten,twice shy(一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳)I’m exhausted。(筋疲力尽,形容非常疲惫)
MBA面试英语口语:常见问题汇总
1.Where do you live?
Well, I am living in Xiamen since I have job over there for quite some time.I really enjoy life in the seaside city like Xiamen.2.Is your family important to you?
Yes, they are very important to me.Although I live alone now, I do go back to see my parents at weekends.I need their support and comfort whenever I feel depressed and I also need them to share my pleasure or success with me.3.Who has influenced you most in your family?
My father has influenced me in many ways.For example, he taught me how to repair a bike and set up a tent, how to behave bravely and so on.He is both a caring father and tough guy.I have always admired him.I would like you to tell me about a teacher who has greatly influenced you.I would like you to talk about this topic for one or two minutes.Looking back, I think one of the teachers who really influenced me a lot was Mr.Wang.He was the physics teacher at the middle school.First, he took his teaching seriously.He was always well prepared to give his lessons and made sure we had got the important points.Moreover, he encouraged us to be confident and brave to do everything.4.What is your favorite part of the day?
Well, the evening time for my family to stay together is really my happiest time.We love each other and are always willing to share some interesting events around us and ready to give comfort and support to any family member when they are in trouble.5.How important are friends to you?
Friendship is very important to me.I can talk with my friends about my family, my worries, or my plans.They give me a lot of advice and support.I can share my happiness or sadness with them.Without friends, it is very difficult to survive in modern society, which is full of competition and struggle.6.What do you think of your boss/colleagues?
Well, I can’t say I feel close to every one of them, but I do find most of them enjoyable.I socialize with some people who are mostly of my age.We go out once a week to have dinner or go to cinema.I can learn a lot form them..What do you do in your spare time?
I have many things to do in my spare time.But my favorite one is reading the detective stories at home in the evening after I finish my homework.8.What is your favorite film?
My favourite film is Gone with the Wind.I was deeply influence by Scarlet’s love for Ashley and Rhett’s love for Scarlet, which was hopeless.I think she is brave, intelligent, independent, and courageous.What are the characteristics of a good boss?
Inspiring, experienced, well-dressed, polite, easy to talk to, hard working, honest, sensible
9.What benefits would you offer your employees?
Companies offer their employees many benefits, which usually depends on how long the employee has worked there and their position in the company.These benefits could include very expensive items such as accommodation, or chances of traveling, and holiday.口语复试材料(英文自我介绍)
一、第一句话(first word)见到考官的第一句话,很关键,不用说的很复杂。可以是一个简单句,但一定要铿锵有力。展示出自信和实力。千万不要来一句“sorry, my English is poor”.常见的开头有:1.Good morning!may I introduce myself..2.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.I’m peter white, my NO is …(北大清华等学校参加面试的考生很多,可能对考生有一个编号,说一下自己的编号显得很职业,也很正式。)
二、作自我介绍——成长经历(making a self-introduction ——developing history)有很多学校要求做一个自我介绍,这一问题并非在请你大谈你的个人历史。考官是要在你的介绍中寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索。来判断你是否适合读MBA。你可以先介绍一下成长的经历,出生地和毕业学校等内容。在这一部分要介绍的有些特色,让老师在听几十个人流水帐式的介绍中增加一点乐趣,就权且当作MBA人际关系管理的第一个挑战吧!I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,1997.(很简单的一句话,一定要发音准确!要把毕业学校的英文准确名字搞清楚了。)你可以借光一下家乡的名人,可以用这句高水平的话,展示高超你高超的口语。You know, there is a saying that “The
greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”.I think the city really deserves it.另外在介绍性格和爱好的时候,适合把家庭介绍结合在一起,可以说父母给了你哪些方面良好的影响。不要流水帐似的介绍家庭成员。可以这么说:Just like my father, I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.Frequently I exchange ideas with my family during super.In addition , during my college years, I was once the chairman of the Student Union.These work have urged me develop active and responsible characters.在这里给出描述个人品质常用词汇的中英文对照,可以参考。able 有才干的,能干的 adaptable 适应性强的 active 主动的,活跃的aggressive 有进取心的 ambitious 有雄心壮志的 amiable 和蔼可亲的 amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的,有抱负的 audacious 有冒险精神的 capable 有能力的,有才能careful 办理仔细的 candid 正直的 competent 能胜任的constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富创造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的 dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老练的,有策disciplined 守纪律的 dutiful尽职的 well-educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 expressivity 善于表达faithful 守信的,忠诚的 frank 直率的,真诚的 generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的 gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默 impartial 公正的 independent 有主见的 industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的 motivated 目的明确的 intelligent 理解力强的learned 精通某门学问的 logical 条理分明的 methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的 objective 客观的 precise 一丝不苟的 punctual 严守时刻的 elastic 实事求是的 responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的 sporting 光明正大的 steady 踏实的 systematic有系统的 purposeful 意志坚强的 sweet-tempered性情温和的temperate 稳健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的
三、作自我介绍——职业发展(making a self-introduction ——career development)这是很关键的一部分,也是MBA考官会重点考察的一部分。要把工作经历和MBA的学习以及职业发展方向作为一个整体来谈,让老师感到你选择MBA是一个理性的选择而不是一时冲动,选择MBA是职业发展中的一个必然选择,而不是因为找不到工作。你可以用这些句型:
1、In the past years, I’ve worked at IBM as a software engineer.In my work, I found communication and management is very important.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.So I choose MBA!if I am given a chance to study MBA in this famous University, I will stare no effort to master a good command of communication and management skill.(在过去的几年中,我作为一个软件工程师在IBM工作。在工作中,我发现交流和管理非常的重要。我一直认为一个人很容易落后,如果不持续学习的话,所以我选择了MBA!如果我有机会在这个著名的大学学习MBA,我会不遗余力的掌握沟通和管理的技能。)