第一篇：商务英语翻译 合同术语与公司简介术语与
This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which shall become valid on the date of signature.本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）自签署后生效
This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall be deemed equally
authentic.This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties.本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。本合同一式两份。自双方签字（盖章）之日起生效。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers，whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers
agree to sell the under-mentioned.Commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
买方 buyer 卖方 seller 项目名称 Project name 地址 address 电话 phone 传真 fax 联系人 contact person 1.详细货物清单 Detail supply list 2.合同价格 Contract value 序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size，dimension 数量 amount，unit 单价 unit price 总价 total price 备注 remark 货物，运费 freight，transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金）Contract amount incl.VAT & installation 3.付款条件 payment conditions，payment terms 4.交货地点 delivery place 5.发货期 delivery time 6.安装条款 installation clause
7.验收条款 inspection clause 8.保证条款 guarantee clause 9.不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause 10.违约条款 Breach clause 11.其他条款 Miscellaneous clause 12.买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information a long-term contract 长期合同 a short-term contract 短期合同 completion of contract 完成合同 contract for future delivery 期货合同 contract for goods 订货合同 contract for purchase 采购合同 contract for service 劳务合同 labor contract 劳动合同 contract note 买卖合同（证书）contract of arbitration 仲裁合同
contract of carriage /Carriage Contract运输合同 Passenger Carriage Contract 客运合同 Cargo Carriage Contract 货运合同 Technology Contract 技术合同
Technology Development Contract技术开发合同 Technology Transfer Contract技术转让合同 Technical Consulting Contract技术咨询合同 Technical Service Contract技术服务合同 Safekeeping Contract 保管合同 Warehousing Contract 仓储合同 Agency Appointment Contract 委托合同 Trading-Trust Contract 行纪合同 Brokerage Contract 居间合同
Multi-modal Carriage Contract多式联运合同
contract of employment 雇佣合同 contract of insurance 保险合同 contract of sale 销售合同 Sales Contract 买卖合同
Contract for Supply of Power, Water, Gas , Or Heat 供电、水、气、热合同
Gift Contract 赠与合同
Contract for Loan of Money 借款合同 contract law www.xiexiebang.com 合同法 Leasing Contract 租赁合同
Financial Leasing Contract 融资租赁合同 Contracts of Hired Work 承揽合同
Contracts for Construction Project 建设工程合同 contract life 合同有效期
a nice fat contract 一个很有利的合同 a written contract 书面合同
an executor contract 尚待执行的合同 breach of contract 违反合同 cancellation of contract 撤消合同 contract parties 合同当事人
contract period(or contract term)合同期限 contract price 合约价格
contract provisions/stipulations 合同规定 contract sales 订约销售
contract terms(or contract clause)合同条款 contract wages 合同工资 contract 合同，订立合同 contractor 订约人，承包人 contractual claim 根据合同的债权 contractual damage 合同引起的损害
contractual dispute 合同上的争议 contractual guarantee 合同规定的担保 contractual income 合同收入
contractual liability/obligation 合同规定的义务 contractual practice/usage 合同惯例 contractual specifications 合同规定
contractual terms & conditions 合同条款和条件 contractual 合同的，契约的
contractual-joint-venture 合作经营，契约式联合经营 copies of the contract 合同副本 originals of the contract 合同正本
execution of contract/performance of contract 履行合同 expiration of contract 合同期满 interpretation of contract 解释合同 renewal of contract 合同的续订
此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which shall become valid on the date of signature.本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）自签署后生效
公司简介术语和模板 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers.畅销全球selling well all over the world
典雅大方elegant and graceful
定型耐久durable modeling
方便顾客making things convenient for customers
方便群众making things convenient for the people;to suit the people's convenience
方便商品convenience goods
各式俱全wide selection;large assortment
顾客第一Customers first
顾客是我们的皇帝We take customers as our Gods.规格齐全a complete range of specifications;complete in specifications
花样繁多a wide selection of colours and designs
货色齐全goods of every description are available.客商第一，信誉第一clients first, reputation first
款式多样a great variety of models
款式活泼端庄vivid and great in style
款式齐全various styles
款式新颖attractive designs;fashionable(in)style;novel(in)design;up-to-date styling
款式新颖众多diversified latest designs
美观大方elegant appearance
美观耐用attractive and durable
品质优良，疗效显著，誉满全球，欢迎选购excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome.品种多样numerous in variety
品种繁多great varieties
品种齐全complete range of articles;a great variety of goods
让我们的商品走向世界Let our commodities go to the world.色彩鲜艳bright in colour
色泽光润bright luster
色泽艳丽beautiful in colour
深受顾客欢迎We have won praise from customers;to win warm praise from customers.深受国内外客户的信赖和称誉to win a high admiration and is widely trusted at home and abroad.供不应求in short supply;Demand exceeding supply
光洁度高highly polished
回味隽永pleasant in after-taste
货源充足ample supply and prompt delivery
技术先进modern techniques
技艺精湛exquisite craftsmanship;Fine craftsmanship
价格公道reasonable price;Street price;moderate price
价格适中moderate cost
价谦物美high quality and inexpensive;less expensive, high quality goods;high quality and low overhead
节日送礼之佳品ideal gift for all occasions
洁白纯正 pure whiteness
洁白如玉jade white
洁白透明pure white and translucent
结构坚固 sturdy construction;Firm in structure
经久耐用structural disabilities
精打细算be shrewd in money matters;Careful calculation and strict budgeting
居同类产品之魁首to rank first among similar products
具有传统风味特色distinctive for its traditional properties
具有中国风味possessing Chinese flavors
抗冲击强度高excellent in cushion effect
抗热耐磨strong resistance to heat and hard wearing
科学精制by scientific process
口味鲜美delicious in taste
快干drip-dry
买一送一buy one give one;buy one get one free
免烫non-ironing
能多次翻新can be repeatedly remolded.您想购买中国土特产品吗？ Do you want to buy some Chinese native produce?
烹制简便convenient to cook
品质优良excellent(in)quality
清仓大拍卖clearance price
清货大减价big clearance sale
清香爽口pleasant to the palate
请君常购中国绿茶always buy Chinese green teas.韧硬兼顾to have both the quality of tenacity and hardness
入口和醇mild and mellow
软硬适中neither too hard nor too soft
散热迅速rapid heat dissipation
色泽光洁，柔软防滑lustrous, soft and antislippery
色泽清澈limpid in sight
设计合理professional design
设计新颖modern design
生意兴隆driving a roaring trade
使用方便easy to use
使用极便utmost in convenience
使用寿命长久long performance life
岁末大减价year-end bargain sale
甜而不腻agreeable sweetness
外观色泽透明
bright and translucent in appearance
外型永葆如新to ensure a like-new appearance indefinably
维修简易easy to repair
味道纯正good taste
味鲜可口agreeable to taste
物价稳定price remains stable
夏季特别大减价special summer sale
香浓可口aromatic character and agreeable taste
香气馥郁fragrant aroma
香气高雅elegant in smell
香味纯和pure and mild flavor
香味浓郁aromatic flavor;fragrant(in)flavor
性能可靠dependable performance reliable performance
性能无与伦比unequal in performance
性能优越superior performance
选材精良superior materials
选料讲究high quality materials
选料考究choice materials
沿用传统的生产方式with traditional methods
易于润滑easy to lubricate 用料精选carefully selected materials用料上乘selected material
优质西瓜，消暑解渴top watermelons, quell summer thirst
制作精巧skilful manufacture
制作精巧 perfect in workmanship
质量高，卫生严high standard in quality and hygiene
众所喜爱品尝之佳品delicacies loved by all
走时准确 punctual timing
最新工艺latest technology 做工讲究exquisite(in)workmanship 做工精细fine workmanship
模版B：
Established in（成立年份）（公司英文名称）is a professional manufacturer and exporter that is concerned with the design, development and production of(行业产品).We are located in(公司所在市), with convenient transportation access.All of our products comply with international quality standards and are greatly appreciated in a variety of different markets throughout the world.We have over(员工人数)employees, an annual sales figure that exceeds USD(销售额)and are currently exporting(出口比例)of our production worldwide.Our well-equipped facilities and excellent quality control throughout all stages of production enables us to guarantee total customer satisfaction.As a result of our high quality products and outstanding customer service, we have gained a global sales network reaching主要出口国家If you are interested in any of our products or would like to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us.We are looking forward to forming successful business relationships with new clients around the world in the near future.ABC公司成立于XX年，专业生产和出口XXX产品，集产品设计、研发和生产于一体。我公司地处XX市，交通便利。我司所有产品采用国际质量标准，产品远销海外，享誉海内外众多市场。我司现拥有XX名员工，年销售额逾XX美金，百分之XX的产品远销海外。为了保证客户满意度，我们引入了先进的设备设施，并在生产各个环节贯彻完善的质量检查措施。鉴于高质量产品和出色的客户服务，我们已经成功建立了一个全球销售网，XX，XX等国家。如果贵司对我们任一款产品有意或有订单意向，欢迎随时联系我们。我们期待与全球客户携手合作，共创未来。
模版C：
Established in(成立年份)(公司英文名称)is a professional manufacturer and exporter that is concerned with the design, development and production of(行业产品).We are located in(公司所在城市), with convenient transportation access.All of our products comply with international quality standards and are greatly appreciated in a variety of different markets throughout the world.Covering an area of(工厂占地面积)square meters, we now have over(员工人数)employees, an annual sales figure that exceeds USD(销售额）and are currently exporting(出口比例)of our production worldwide.Our well-equipped facilities and excellent quality control throughout all stages of production enables us to guarantee total customer satisfaction.Besides, we have received(填写客户获得的国际证书，如ISO9001).As a result of our high quality products and outstanding customer service, we have gained a global sales network reaching(主要出口国家).If you are interested in any of our products or would like to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us.We are looking forward to forming successful business relationships with new clients around the world in the near future.ABC公司成立于XX年，专业生产和出口XXX，集产品设计、研发和生产于一体。我公司地处XX市，交通便利。我司所有产品采用国际质量标准，产品远销海外，享誉海内外众多市场。我司现有工厂占地面积XX平方米，XX多名员工。年销售额逾XX美金，百分之XX的产品远销海外。为了保证客户满意度，我们引入了先进的设备设施，并在生产各个环节贯彻完善的质量检查措施。同时，我们已通过XX认证。鉴于高质量产品和出色的客户服务，我们已经成功建立了一个全球销售网，网点已覆盖XX，XX。如果贵司对我们任一款产品有意或有订单意向，欢迎随时联系我们。我们期待与全球客户携手合作，共创未来。
第二篇：海关术语英语翻译
Inspection-related Terms 检验相关术语
Customs Inspection 海关查验
Commodity Inspection 商品检验
Tally 理货
Tally Report 理货报告
Check 查验/检查/核对
Fumigation treatment with a pesticide active ingredient that is a
gas under treatment conditions 熏蒸
Animal / Plant Inspection 动植物检验
INSP Inspection / Inspector 检验/检验员
Certificate of Origin(normally issued or signed by a Chamber of
Commerce or Embassy)（始发地）原产地证书
Arbitration 仲裁
FAE Fresh Air Exchange 空气交换
The fresh air exchange system on a reefer removes harmful gases
from perishable commodities.The fresh air vent is adjustable to
accommodate a variety of cargo
Force Majeure 不可抗力
M/F FILING Manifest Fling 舱单申报
ACS Automated Commercial System 自动商务系统
A system of software programs between Customs and brokers
to communicate.These programs are design with the ultimate
goal of paperless transaction between Customs and brokers
ABI Automated Broker Interface(part of ACS)自动的报关行接口
Which permits transmission of data pertaining to merchandise
being imported into the United States.(Qualified participants include brokers, importers, carriers, port
authorities, and independent data processing companies referred
to as service centers.)
ACH Automated Clearing House(part of ACS)自动清关
Which allows electronic funds transfer for payment of estimated
duties, taxes, and fees on imported merchandise
AMS Automated Manifest System(for anti-terrorism)自动舱单（反恐）申报系统
An application that expedites the clearance of cargo for the
subsequent release of containers when imported to the U.S.through electronic submission of cargo manifests in lieu of
bulk paper manifests.CSI Container Security Initiative 集装箱安全防范措施
To address the threat terrorists pose to containerized
shipping, Customs developed CSI.为应对恐怖主义对集装箱运输。推出
CSS Cargo Selectivity System 货物抽验
It is how Customs 0selects freight or documentation to be examined.Examinations are chosen by the risk of importer
and manufacturer or activities with certain tariff numbers.CTPAT Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism 海关贸易合作反恐条例
SCAC Standard Carrier Alpha Code 承运人标准数字编码
CHB Customs House Broker 报关行
A company or individual licensed by US Customs to do business as an agent with US Customs House.SED(EX-DEC)Shipper’s Export Declaration 货主出口报关单
A form required by Census Bureau for export statistical purposes, which consists mainly of SHIPPER NAME,IRS No., CONSIGNEE NAME, HTS, value and Shipping details plus Freight terms.SLI Shipper Letter of Instruction 货主出口报关指示函
A carbon form that serves as Ex-Dec and/or B/L
instructions.HTS Harmonized Tariff Schedule 国际货物编码
The international coding system for commodities.BONDED WAREHOUSE 保税库
Warehouses approved by Customs for storage and/or manufacture of goods.Duties assessed and due whengoods enter the U.S.(China)for consumption.No duties due if re-exported.BONDED AREA 保税区
BONDED GOODS 保税货物
QUOTAs Quantity of one HTS item allowed to be imported at either
higher or lower rate of duties.进口配额
DDP Delivery Duty Paid 完税
DDU Delivery Duty Unpaid 未完税
DRAWBACK Duties payment refunded because freight is re-exported
or for similar circumstances 退税金额
Customs fine 海关罚款
Customs seals 海关关封
Application for inspection 检验申请
To expedite the clearance 加快清关
Pilferage 盗窃/偷窃
War risk Insurance coverage for loss of goods resulting from any act of war 战争险
To be liable for a penalty of 受到。。处罚
To increase predictability 增强了可预测性
Non-fraudulent violation of the regulation 非故意违反规定
To file certifications with Customs 向海关申报有效证明
To follow the current procedure 遵循现行程序
To abide by。。rule 遵照。。规定
To provide specific language 提供一定说法
To be not authorized 不予认可
Container-related Terms 集装箱相关术语
fleet of containers 集装箱箱队
E/C Equipment control 箱管
TEU Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit is the value of 1 twenty-foot container.(20’GP)20尺标箱FEU Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit.1 Forty-Foot equivalent equals（40’GP）Twenty-Foot containers.40尺标箱
Corner Fitting 角件
Corner Post 角柱
End Wall/Side Wall 端墙/侧墙
Bull Ring（D Ring）cargo-securing devices mounted in the floor of containers 箱内稳货环
Container No。箱号
第三篇：商务英语-常用商务术语
1.实盘 firm offer
2.还盘counter-offer
3.船期/交货期time/date of shipment/delivery
4.装运通知shipping advice/notice
5.离岸价Free on Board/FOB
6.到岸价Cost, Insurance and Freight/CIF
7.在工厂交货 ex-work
8.提单Bill of Lading
9.起订量minimum quantity
10.销售确认书Sales Confirmation
11.支付条款payment terms/terms of payment
12.资金情况financial standing/finances
13.原产地证明certificate of origin
14.折扣率discount rate
15.转船transhipment
16.信誉情况credit standing
17.佣金commission
18.目的港port of destination
19.清洁已装船海运提单clean on board ocean Bill of Lading
20.受益人 beneficiary
21.开证行 opening bank
22.通知行advising bank
23.索赔lodge a claim against/claim/claim against
24.运费付至carriage paid to/CPT
25.唛头shipping marks
26.破损险Breakage Risks/Risks of Breakage
27.中国保险条款CIC/China Insurance Clauses
28.综合险/一切险All Risks
29.信用证Letter of Credit
30.跟单信用证documentary letter of credit
31.付款交单documents against payment
32.保兑信用证Confirmed Letter of Credit
33.战争险War Risks
34.商业发票 Commercial Invoice
35.租船契约Charter-party
36.信用证修改书amendment to the L/C
37.装运单据shipping documents
38.议付行negotiating bank
39.分批装运partial shipments
40.承兑交单documents against acceptance
第四篇：二十个英语翻译术语
二十个翻译术语解释
1.归化：“采取民族中心主义的态度，使外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入
译语语文化”【Lawrence Venuti】即在翻译中尽可能用本民族的方式去表现外来作品。归化法要求译者向译语读者靠拢，采取译语读者习惯的译语表达方式，来传达原文的内容。归化的目的是力求译文通顺易懂，能为译语读者所接受。
2.异化：“对这些文化价值观的一种民族偏离主义的压力，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情境”【Lawrence Venuti】异化法要求译者向作者靠拢，采取相应于作者使用的原语表达方式，来传达原文的内容。“（翻译）必须有异国情调，就是所谓的洋气”【鲁迅】异化可以很好的保留或传递原文文化内涵，但对不熟悉源语的读者而言阅读有一定难度。
3.语际翻译：（interlingual translation）。两种（或多种）语言在它们共同构成的跨语言语境中
进行的意义交流。语际翻译更关注如何在更为广阔的地平域和更广阔的（跨）
文化天地中实现异质语言的相互对接和转换----以意义为标尺，以交流为目的的语符转换。对地域性的倾向。（简单来说，语际翻译就是不同语际之间的翻
译活动）
4.语内翻译：(intralingual translation)某一种语言内部为着某种目的进行的词句意义的转换。
语内翻译总是把经典的或非经典的历史文本当作转化的对象，并且以译者所在场的文化语境为标尺师徒把历史文本改造为现代文本。对历史性的关注。（简单
来说就是同一语言的各个语言变体之间的翻译）
5.连续传译：又称“交替传译”或“即席口译”，简称“连传”或“交传”，它是在发言人讲
完部分内容或全部内容后，由译员进行翻译。这种口译方式可以在很多场合下
采用，如演讲、祝辞、授课、谈判、情况介绍会、会议发言、新闻发布会等。
一般认为，连续传译的正式职业化是在第一次世界大战后，1919年的“巴黎和
会”上大批量地正式使用连续传译。
6.同声传译：（simultaneous interpretation）简称同传，又称同声翻译、同步口译。是译员在不打断讲话者演讲的情况下，不停地将其讲话内容传译给听众的一种口译方式。
是一种受时间严格限制难度极高的语际转换活动，它要求译员在听辨源语讲话的同时，借助已有的主题知识迅速完成对源语信息的预测、理解、记忆、转换
和目的语的计划、组织、表达、监听与修正，同步说出目的语译文，因此同声
传译又叫同步口译。同声传译具有很强的专业性和学术性。同传人员就业前景
广阔，工资高。
7.信、达、雅：《天演论》中的“译例言”讲到：“译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。”“信”指意义不背原文，强调对原文
思想内容的信，以及原作风格神韵的信；“达”指不拘泥于原文形式；“雅”则
指追求文章本身的古雅。
8.可译性：（translatability）指的是在双语转换的过程中，一种语言中的文字和文化通过翻译
顺畅地用另一种语言表达出来，使得操两种不同语言，身处不同文化的人对同一
事物有大致相同的认识和理解。可译性探讨的是一种语言翻译成另一种语言的可行程度。人类语言共性构成了可译性的基础，语言的差异性构成了可以性的限度。可译性的哲学依据是同类事物之间的相似性，维根斯坦称之为“家族相似”。
9.形合：（hypotaxis）指句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用句法手段（syntactic devices）
或词汇手段（lexical devices）。,“形”是英文行文必不可少的要素。印欧语言重形合，语句各成分的相互结合常用适当的连接词语。
10.意合：（parataxis）指“句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用语义手段（semantic connection）”
而汉语的句子铺排则以“意”为核心。语句各成分之间的结合多靠意义贯通，少用连接语，所以句法结构短小精悍，汉民族重内省和体悟，不重逻辑，语言简约，意义模糊，表现出意合特征。
11.意译：（free translation;paraphrase;liberal translation）是只保持原文内容，不保持原文形
式的翻译方法或翻译文字。（冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》）通常在翻译句子或词组(或更大的意群)时使用较多,意译主要在原语与译语体现巨大文化差异的情况下得以应用.从跨文化语言交际和文化交流的角度来看,意译强调的是译语文化体系和原语文化体系的相对独立性.大量的实例说明,意译的使用体现出不同语言民族在生态文化、语言文化、宗教文化、物质文化和社会文化等诸多方面的差异性.意译更能够体现出本民族的语言特征。
12.直译：是既保留原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。（冯庆华《实用翻译
教程》）采用直译的方法可以准确传达原文意义，体现原文风格。但直译有一定局限性，如译文有时冗长啰唆，晦涩难懂。有时不能正确传达原文意义，甚至是事与愿违。
13.综合型语言：(synthetic language)综合型语言的主要特征是语序灵活。英语是综合型为主，向分析型过渡的语言，语序既有相对固定的一面又有灵活
变化的一面。因此，在语序上具有某种程度的共性，这是我们进行
英汉语序对比的基础。词与词的关系靠词本省的形式变化来表现。
例如，名词可以变数、变格。动词可以变语态、时态，通过语法意
义的屈折变化来表示数量、时间、状态等意义。
14.分析型语言：（analytic language）分析型语言的主要特征是语序较固定，汉语是分
析型语言，语序总体上较为固定，没有曲折变化，其词语组合成句依
靠语序和虚词。例如表现时态时无法通过汉字本身形式变化来表现，但却又各种时态助词。比如前置时态副词：过去、曾经；或者运用英
语中所没有的量词：一个、一副等。
15.屈折变化：（inflection）是通过附加屈折词缀的语法关系的表现，如数、人称、有定性、体和格，屈折词缀不会改变所附加词语的语法类。存在于各种语言中，通过在词干添加后缀词达到句法功能。在屈折变化过程中，无论动词或名词如何变，总是遵循一致性的原则。
16.“洋气”【鲁迅】：鲁迅坚持以忠实为第一要义的直译。并认为翻译需要兼顾两个方面，一个是易懂，另一个是保存原作的丰姿。即信和顺。假如信和顺之间必须取舍的话，他是宁信而不顺的，即使造成句子有些不通顺，难懂。鲁迅主张在翻译
中尽量保存原作的“洋气”以体现“异国情调”。主张“欧化”“保存洋气”是
典型的异化翻译法。
17.“化境”【钱钟书】：“化”强调了两个方面的内容，一方面是翻译是不能因语文习惯的差
异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，如果译文显得生硬牵强，就得“化”它一化了。另
一方面是，化的时候不能任意地化，也就是说，虽然“躯壳换了一个”，还得
“完全保存原有的风味”“精神资致依然故我”。这里“风味”“资致”不是指
意，而是指形式、风格与神韵。
18.翻译过程：翻译是在正确理解原文的基础上，用译入语文字创造性地再现原文思想内容的语言过程。乔治·斯坦纳【George Steiner】将之归纳成四个步骤： 信任（trust），进攻（aggression），吸收（incorporation），补偿/恢复（restitution）。国内学者
则认定为：正确理解（to interpret correctly）→创造性表达（to express creatively）
→审校（to proofread）
19.翻译标准：传统的翻译理论历来强调一个“信”字，也就是说，将“忠实”视为翻译的基本标准。张培基先生提出可用“忠实、通顺”四个字作为翻译标准。忠实不但
指忠实于原作的内容，还指保持原作的风格。通顺指译文语言必须通顺易懂、流畅地道。忠实与通顺是相辅相成，不可割裂的。必须把握好分寸，兼顾两者，讲忠实时不妨碍通顺，求通顺时不影响忠实。
20.翻译单位：对翻译单位，巴尔胡达罗夫（前苏联）定义为：“原语在译语中具备对应物的最小单位。” 并把翻译单位按语言等级体系分为“音位层、词素层、词层、词
组层、句子层、话语层”六层。翻译单位不宜太长，也不宜太短，以句子最为
合适。从理论上说，句子是能够独立运用、句法结构完整的语义单位，是人们
进行语言交际的最基本语义单位；就实践而言，英译汉的具体操作是在句子层
次上进行的，译好句子就为篇章翻译奠定了基础。
第五篇：合同与贸易术语(英语3)
合同与贸易术语
1.For instance, a successful business transaction has to be based on at least sales contract that provides the transfer of title and risk of the goods and the obligations of parties, transportation contract that states the transfer of possession of the goods, contract of payment that stipulates the effective payment, and insurance contract that provides the transfer of the insured risk to the insurance company.例如，一个成功的交易至少必须基于一个产权转移和货物风险和参与方的责任销售合同。表明货物所有权的转移运输合同。规定效果付款的支付合同。和提供给被保险人转嫁给保险公司的保险合同。
2.A contract is a promise, or a set of promises that the law will enforce or at least recognize in some way.Black’s Law Dictionary defines a contract “an agreement between two or more parties creating obligations that are enforceable or otherwise recognizable at law.” The nature of contract, under civil law, is a “meeting of minds ”or “mutual assent”.一个契约是一个承诺。或者是一个法律强制或者至少在一些方面被认同的承诺。布莱克法律词典定义契约为双方或多方创造责任的协议。具有强制性或者在法律上被认可。契约的本质，在民法解释下，为意见一致或者互相同意。
3.Incoterms are uniform sales and delivery terms used in foreign trade.They are shorthand abbreviations that international businesses use to determine and assign the risks, responsibilities, and costs of shipping and delivering goods across national boundaries.They are not international law, but rather voluntary practical rules developed over many years to facilitate international trade.国际贸易术语是使用于国外贸易的统一的销售和交付的术语。他们是速记的缩略词。在国际贸易中被用来判定和分摊穿越国界的风险，责任和船费和交付货物的费用。他们不是国际法，但是相当的自愿的实用的形成于很多年前的为了发辫国际交易的法规。
4.C.I.F.(named port of destination)— or “Cost, Insurance, Freight” is a term whereby the seller agrees to pay the cost of the insurance and to transport the goods to the named port of destination, and the purchaser takes delivery at the quay or other place named in the contract, as the place of destination.到岸价格（到达指定港口）或者是“费用，保险，邮轮”是一个术语。靠着卖家同意支付保险和运输货物到到指定地点的费用。并且买方依据契约需要支付在码头或者其他作为目的地的指定地方的费用。
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