第一篇:“三级训练网”的继承与发展研究
摘要二
“三级训练网”的继承与发展研究
--以辽宁省为例
一、“三级训练网”的形成与历史沿革
1954年,中央体委改成国家体委。自此,各种业余体校和专业队逐渐取代了从群众中层层选拔的方式,三级训练网也逐步建立。
1965年6月召开的全国群众体育工作会议上,提出了“各地都应集中力量办好重点青少年业余体校,一定要源源不断地培养出一些优秀运动员,向专业队输送。有条件的省、市、自治区可以建一所半天读书、半天训练的中心青少年业余体校,作为专业队的预备队”。至此,逐渐形成了一个从基层单位业余体校,到重点业余体校、中心业余体校和专业运动队的,有广泛的普及面、层层衔接的业余训练三级人才培养网络和体系。
1980年,在《国家体委关于加速提高体育运动技术水平的几个问题的请示报告》中,国家体委按照“以奥运会为重点,兼顾一般”的原则,对竞技体育工作的重点做出如下部署:„„。第三,改革完善训练体制,调整好一、二、三线队伍,即优秀运动队(国家队与省队)、市县级重点与业余体校、学校运动队。按照“思想一盘棋,组织一条龙,训练一贯制”的要求,从项目、选材、训练各方面建立层层衔接的训练网。经过这些调整,初步形成了以竞技体育为先导、奥运会为重点带动体育事业全面发展的战略布局。
二、“三级训练网”的定义 我们认为,“三级训练网”的概念具有有狭义与广义之分。狭义的“三级训练网”是以“思想一盘棋,组织一条龙,训练一贯制”为指导方针,包括以体育传统学校和中小学运动队为代表的初级训练形式,以体育运动学校和业余运动体校为代表的中级训练形式,以国家集训队和各省专业队为代表的高级训练形式,建立的一种层层衔接的运动员培养体制。广义的“三级训练网”等同于我国的训练体系,它不仅包括以体校为中心的传统三级训练网,还包括现在出现的各种训练形式,比如学校办的高水平队和俱乐部办的各种训练梯队。
本课题在研究过程中采用狭义的提法。其原因有二:一是,本课题认为传统以各级各类体校为中心的三级训练网不能抛弃,在新的形势下应能发挥其中坚力量的作用;二是,目前探讨整体训练体系改革的研究较多,而偏重于传统三级训练网在新形势下如何生存与发展的较少。故而,本研究将研究重心立于传统三级训练网在新形势下的继承、变革与发展问题,以期为我国传统“三级训练网”焕发新的青春提供思路。
三、辽宁体育“三级训练网”的特点
(一)辽宁省体育后备人才数量大 辽宁拥有省、市、县区“三级训练网”,为培养后备人才,发展竞技体育事业奠定了基础。国家设在辽宁的体育后备人才训练基地共有39个。辽宁省少年业余体育学校学生人数增长,由1979的16692人,发展到2000年的42698人,增长了3倍。体育运动学校(竞技体校)在校学生由1979年的349人,发展到2000年的4900人,增加了14倍。教练员由1984年的719人,发展到2000年的1724人,增加了2.4倍。
(二)辽宁省的三级训练体制抓的实,“三级训练网”牢固
原辽宁体委副主任康起曾说过,辽宁竞技体育崛起的秘诀毫无特殊之处——就是全国都在搞的“三级训练网”,抓的更狠、更细。从1960年起,至1983年第五届全运会辽宁首次进入三甲止,三级训练网络经历了23年才初见成效,并形成了输送渠道畅通、对口衔接、宝塔式的人才结构,为辽宁竞技体育的持续发展奠定了雄厚的基础。
辽宁现实的“三级训练网”:是以青少年训练管理中心为龙头、以市地体校为枢纽、以县区级体校、训练基地为基础,以青少年俱乐部为辐射阵地的一条龙管理。
四、辽宁体育“三级训练网” 现存的主要问题
(一)基层建设缺少经费支持
经调研发现,训练经费严重短缺是制约辽宁省业余训练的主要因素之一。目前各市多数训练单位靠自筹、创收资金来维持业余训练,这是造成招生难、选材难以及人才外流的客观原因。各市每年用于业余体育训练经费的数量极不平衡。以2002年为例,国家投入经费最多的是大连市,达3400多万元;国家投入最少的是葫芦岛市,仅有10万元;县、区业余训练经费投入情况就更差,仅能保证人员工资。
(二)基层教练水平逐年下降
从调查结果来看,目前辽宁省基层业余训练教练员队伍不容乐观,各市和区、县教练员的学历普遍偏低,拥有本科学历者仅占教练员队伍总数的32.5%,大专学历者占56.3%,中专学历者占11.2%。调查还发现辽宁省存在忽视对业余训练教练员队伍的经常性培训工作。
(三)“三级训练网”人才输送渠道混乱
许多家长急功近利希望孩子可以实现“跨越式发展”,想尽办法将孩子直接送往省市等地方队,减少了业余体校这个训练环节。社会上,诸如此类的做法比比皆是,长此以往形成恶性循环人才输送的渠道遭到破坏,基层训练名不副实,失去了原有存在的意义。
(四)受训人才逐年下降持续发展能力不足
在体育中找到前程和出路是许多家长家庭经济困难和运动员的主要动机。因此,早期三级训练网人才输入源源不断与经济欠发达有着直接的关系。
随着改革开放,人均GDP逐年增长,将孩子送去训练开减少家庭开资维持生计持有这种观念的人越来越少,是辽宁省受训人群逐渐下降的原因所在。
五、影响辽宁体育“三级训练网”发展的因素
本研究认为,目前影响辽宁体育“三级训练网”发展的因素有以下几个。
(一)独生子女化
目前我国社会已进入独生子女化时期。家长对独生子女的期望值高于非独生子女。在此现实情况下,家长不想让自己的孩子参与体育训练,更希望自己的孩子接受学校教育,考上大学,获得一个较好的前程。
(二)大学扩招
过去部分家长送孩子进体校是怕孩子考不上大学,以期望通过上体校谋得另一种出路。现在让孩子上各级各类业余体校的机会成本已远大于上普通学校,因此考大学成为更多替在能学体育的家长与青少年的第一选择。
(三)社会经济的变化
经过30年的改革开放,社会经济发展迅速,就业渠道也极大丰富,除了上大学和成为专业运动员外,或许有更好的道路。也就是说因为贫困而送孩子上体校的动机趋弱了。
(四)成材率偏低与市场经济不相适宜
目前,我国在职注册的运动员约为2万。2008年国家集训队队员人数为3222人,同年奥运会金牌总数为28枚。那么,粗略的统计得出,中国奥运金牌培养的比例约为1000:1。这样夸张的成材比例与目前中国市场经济及其的不相适应。
(五)运动训练与文化教育失衡
目前多数市、县体育管理部门忽视对业余运动员的文化教育工作,造成运动员文化素质偏低的普遍现象,给退役安置带来很大困难。严酷的社会现实使相当一部分家长放弃了以体育培养孩子的愿望,这是现阶段业余训练选材难的原因之一。
(六)传媒的发展 现代社会是传媒极度发达的社会,传媒的发达给三级训练网带来正面影响的同时,也带来负面影响,尤其是将我国竞技体育非人性的一面暴露在世人面前。严重的影响了让孩子参加专业体育训练的积极性。
(七)青少年主体意识的成长
时代的进步,促使青少年主体意识进一步成长。辽宁体育“三级训练网”系统内的大部分教练训练方式强调服从,对青少年的主体意识采取压制的办法。此种情况产生了青少年主体意识与教练员压制的对立,部分青少年不满于这种对立,退出了训练体系。
(八)其它训练形式的冲击 上世纪90年代,我国的训练体制开始改革,到目前已经呈现了多种训练形式并存的局面。其它训练形式与各级各类业余体校在生源上存在竞争。
六、完善辽宁体育“三级训练网”的建议
(一)坚持以人为本的培养理念,对学生实施素质训练
辽宁省各级各类体校应树立全人训练观,以促进学生的全面发展为己任。只有这样,才能转变社会对体育人才的看法,家长才能愿意自己的孩子从事专业体育训练。
(二)进一步研究青少年运动员学习特点的研究,探讨适合于青少年运动员的教育教学模式。
传统教育学并不能解决体校学生的教育问题,教育界与体育界都应认识到这一点,应共同努力研讨体校学生教育课题,为体校学生的教育提供理论支撑。
(三)加强制度建设,确保运动员与教练员的权益
制度建设是辽宁体育“三级训练网”进一步发展的保障。有了相应制度保障,家长就不再会担心自己孩子受到伤害,而乐于送孩子到体校参加训练;教练员也不再会因运动员的流动而感到无所适从。
(四)加大训练器材的研发力度,力保科学训练
训练器材的丰富化,可以丰富训练手段,提高训练效果,从而也能为学生进行文化课学习节省时间,部分解决训读二难问题。
(五)修改现行选材标准,实施综合评价
在体校是理论上重视文化教育,实践上忽视文化教育,这都是应该改正的。只有修改现行选材标准,实施综合评价,才能培养全面发展的体育人才,才能解决、体校学生文化素质差、再就业困难、社会适应能力弱问题。
(六)拓展教练员培训方式,强化教练员培训工作
辽宁省对教练员的培训一直比较重视,但也一直没有很好的解决这一问题,尤其是基层教练员的水平一直较低。
七、“三级训练网”的改革与创新
我们应该看到举国体制下的三级训练网成绩显著,在新的历史条件下如何继承和发扬这种优秀的管理体制使其可以不断培养出一批批优秀的体育人才是我们要解决的课题。
(一)走体教结合培养人才之路 “体教结合”的培养模式应该是我国运动员培养的一种重要模式和途径。清华模式是体教结合的一种启迪,是成功的一个范例。
(二)建立市场化培养机制 市场化的培养体制,是指从政府主导下的后备人才培养体制向以市场需求为导向的市场化的培养体制的转变。但是,实行市场化的竞技后备人才培养体制不是无序的、完全放任自流的,而是由法律、规则及规范制约和调节的体制。政府应适度介入,合理把握行政功能的限度,实施有效和适度的行政干预,实现竞技后备人才培养全社会效用满足的最大化。
(三)提高竞技体育投入与产出比降低社会风险 竞技体育若要依然保持其独有的生存过方式,必须加强竞技体育人才投入与产出的比例。比例过低与市场经济不相适应,必将会走到其历史的尽头。所以,加强竞技体育人才的成材率,降低社会责任风险才是“三级训练网”在现有经济体制社会制度下的必由之路。
第二篇:传统文化的继承与发展
传统文化的继承与发展,和谐社会的创建,是社会主义现代化的要求,是实现中华民族伟大复兴的需要。种种社会系统的变迁——经济的、文化的、社会的、政治的——都构成了传统中国与当代中国的不同图景,这也就是人们常说的中国社会转型的现实,我们的社会和每一个人的生活都经历着前所未有的变迁。在这种背景下,传统文化教育既要传承中华民族悠久灿烂的文明成果,又要结合现代社会的客观情况。大学生是社会上极其特殊的一个群体,传统文化的继承和发展离不开大学生的积极参与。传统文化的内容极其丰富,并随着当代社会的发展而不断延伸,传统文化教育和大学生认知的关系也必然是丰富的,复杂的,不断变化发展的。
二、中国传统文化教育和当代大学生认知的现状
中国传统文化博大精深,在对国民进行思想道德教育的过程中担负着重要的角色,而大学生作为社会上最富有朝气、创造性和生命力的群体,他们对中国传统文化的认识和理解程度,往往影响着社会民众对这一问题的关注。在进行社会主义精神文明建设的过程中,要求当代大学生要具有先进的思想理念和较高的道德素质,这就要求大学生要不断地接受传统文化的教育,以增强民族自尊心和自豪感。通过调查,从总体上来看,大学生都肯定传统文化在社会的影响力,对中国传统文化的未来充满信心。但是,也存在一些需要解决的问题。
(一)大学生肯定传统文化在社会上的影响力,对中国传统文化的未来充满信心
当代大学生,基本上成长于改革开放的过程中。从整体上看,他们较之父辈拥有相对充裕的物质条件、多元的价值取向和多种可供选择的生活方式,现代化在他们的成长过程中发挥了重要的作用,传统文化在他们的认识和观念中也逐渐被淡化。但是,总体上大学生还是肯定传统文化在社会上的影响力,对中国传统文化的未来充满信心。
大学生认为,传统文化和历史知识教育在社会上有一定的认知程度及影响力。数据显示,认为认知程度“很高”的有14.1%;认为“一般”的最多,有30%;而认为“很低”的只有6%。在对“传统文化和历史知识在社会上的影响力”进行评价时,选择“比较大”的比例(37%)最多。
调查发现,大学生普遍认为有必要学习和了解中国传统文化和历史知识,其中,认为“十分必要”的占41%,位居第一位;认为“有必要”的占39%,位居第二位。在“大学生是否会主动学习和了解中国传统文化和历史知识”的问题上,有50%的同学表示“肯定会学习”传统文化和历史知识,有30%的同学表示“也许会学习”。
在现代文明的冲击和洗涤下,中国的传统文化将走向何方?为此,我们调查了大学生对传统文化与全球化关系的认识。结果显示,大学生总体上对传统文化的未来是充满信心的,选择“全球化与传统文化并行不悖”的有42.7%,位居第一位,他们认为传统文化会保持自身的内涵,与全球化的发展并不矛盾。还有20%的学生认为“传统文化在全球化洗礼下将会完成转变”,他们认为中国的传统文化应该适应全球化的形势,吸取百家之长,去其糟粕,实现合理的转变。但是,我们也注意到,有31.4%的学生认为“全球化将导致传统文化衰微”。
(二)课堂教育是大学生获得传统文化和历史知识的主要途径,但效果不尽如人意
大学生获得传统文化和历史知识的途径和方式很多,如课堂教育、课外阅读、媒体、课外辅导和课外活动等。但最主要的途径还是课堂教育,获选率高达98.1%。我们认为,这与中学教育有很大关系。在中学时代,作为承载对学生进行传统文化和历史知识教育的语文课和历史课是学生的必修课,因此许多学生通过学校的课堂教育获得了大量的此类知识。调查同时显示,课外阅读、媒体等选项也占了一定的比例,这与近年来进行的教育体制改革和课堂教育改革有很大的关系。在新一轮的课堂教学改革中,加大了对学生课外阅读的时间,使学生能有充分的时间来学习自己感兴趣的知识。另外,随着互联网和信息技术的发展,广大学生的视野也有了很大的开阔,他们可以在网上获得相关知识。不过值得注意的是,选择“课外辅导”的比例很低,这可能与现行的考试制度有很大的关系,许多学生会把大量的时间和精力来用在语文、数学、英语等主课的学习中,还会请家教老师进行课外辅导,但对历史课等其它课程的学习却是忽视的。
虽然课堂教育是获取传统文化和历史知识的主要途径,但从调查结果看,这种方式的效果却不尽人意。我们选取了三个历史典故——“闻鸡起舞”、“投笔从戎”、“三顾茅庐”进行调查,有67.5%的同学仅仅是“了解一些”,还有16.%的同学甚至“不了解”。
我们还就大学生对历史事件和历史人物的评价进行了调查。以“对武则天评价”为例),选择“没考虑过此问题”和“不清楚的”分别为15%和17%,“完全否定”的占16%,“完全肯定”的占20%,而选择“功过参半”的占31%。由此可以看出,在对重要的历史人物和重大的历史事件评价方面,大学生主观性比较明显,客观性和理性化有待提高,这是思维和认知不成熟的表现,同时与大学生的知识结构也有关系。社会环境日益多元化,尤其是网络的出现使他们对历史的关注越来越少,再加上一些以历史题材为主的影视剧对历史真相叙述的误差,也对大学生产生了一定的消极影响。
(三)大学生对传统文化的兴趣没有与自身发展的需求结合起来
调查发现,大多数大学生对传统文化和历史知识感兴趣,只有11.5%的人“不感兴趣”或者“完全没有兴趣”。这就为对大学生更好地开展传统文化和历史知识的教育奠定了重要的基础,现在的关键是如何引导大学生将这种兴趣化作动力,去自觉地接受传统文化和历史知识教育,以提高自身的人文素质。
中国的传统文化内涵丰富,博大精深,包罗万象,我们选择了传统文化典籍(以四大文学名著为例)、传统礼仪道德和传统文化艺术(以戏曲为例)等三个方面来了解大学生对传统文化和历史知识的兴趣。
对四大文学名著,“都没有看过”和“没有看过并且也不打算看”的受访者共计5%,而“多次看过”、“都看过”和“看过其中一两部”的比例分别有20.7%、31.5%、42.8%。这说明大学生对传统文化典籍还是有较大兴趣,这很大程度上与大学生所接受的语文教育有很大的关系,在语文教育中,有许多课文都出自中国传统的文化典籍中。
在大学生对传统礼仪道德认知的调查中,“自小耳濡目染”和“课外书上看过”的受访者分别占38%和40%,这一方面与他们所生活的环境有很大的关系,在日常交往中时时处处都受到中国传统礼仪道德的影响;另一方面,他们所接受的教育对形成这种观念也有很大的作用。但也有7%的人认为这是过时的东西,还有15%的人对其难以判断。这从一个侧面说明,中国传统的礼仪道德也需要取其精华、去其糟粕,在继承中创新。
在对传统文化艺术(以戏曲为例)的调查中,有81.2%的大学生对戏曲不感兴趣,非常喜欢和非常讨厌的人都不多,分别占4.0%和4.5。这一现象的出现可能有以下几方面的原因:一是随着社会的迅速发展,时代的急剧变迁,人们生活节奏的加快,表现形式和手法较慢的戏曲已经难以与此相适应;二是文艺创作的形式和空间不断扩大,新的时尚艺术形式尤其是流行歌曲、舞蹈等更为广大青年人所喜爱,更适合他们的口味;三是社会的多元化使广大的大学生心理需求也呈现了多元化的趋势,这也会使他们对传统的戏曲艺术有一定的排斥心理。
总体来看,大学生对中国传统文化和历史知识是有兴趣的,但这种兴趣没有与自身发展的需求结合起来,没有把兴趣内化为行动。调查显示,40%的大学生认为传统文化对自己的“帮助一般”,认为“帮助很大”和“帮助比较大”的分别只有5.6%和9.4%,这种状况令人担忧,与国家提倡对大学生开展人文教育,提高其自身的内在素质的初衷不相符。
三、对策建议
当代思想家任继愈先生认为一个民族的历史和文化是“国家兴亡之学,民族盛衰之学”,必须重视传统文化和历史知识的普及和教育工作,发挥其在政治文明和精神文明建设中的积极作用。我们认为,加强传统文化和历史知识的大众化教育是提高全民历史意识,弘扬传统文化精髓的重要举措,也是现代化教育不可推卸的责任。
第一,要改变全社会轻视传统文化的风气
一种文化形式得以保存不能离开人民大众这片广阔而厚重的土壤,在民众的关注下形成的文化环境是传统文化得以薪火传承的最重要因素。建设社会主义先进文化,离不开对传统文化的批判继承。首先,传
统文化教育与实现现代化、实现中华民族的伟大复兴密不可分。要实现现代化,必须两个文明一起抓,共同发展,而历史感、历史知识、历史智慧是精神文明非常重要的部分。因此,师承文化传统,创造民族文化的现代形态,并传承给民族的将来,这是教育的使命,责无旁贷。其次,培育民族精神离不开加强传统文化教育。中国的传统文化是人们从长期实际生活经验中概括出来的,深深地影响着我们民族精神的形成,是中华民族能几千年生存发展、没有中断而在今天又能重新复兴的重要原因,要培养国民对历史文化的认同感,就必须藉由历史教育。再次,综合国力的竞争也与历史教育有关。文化不仅仅是一个民族的灵魂,也是一个国家综合国力的重要组成部分。在经济全球化时代,我们应当注意保持并努力发展文化的民族性,尊重自己民族的传统文化,合理利用传统文化这个重要资源,轻视传统文化,势必难以培养和增强民族凝聚力。因此,我们要理直气壮地宣传历史文化教育,使公众充分认识到传统文化的重要性,并在全社会形成重视传统文化和历史知识的风气。
第二,传统文化教育和历史教育的形式亟待改革
从目前我国的历史教育教学形式来看,缺乏大众化的历史教育是导致社会文化氛围薄弱的重要原因,目前历史教育的研究状况是:学校历史教育谈得多,社会历史教育谈得少;中小学历史教育谈得多,其他层面的历史教育谈得少;实践问题谈得多,理论问题谈得少;提出批评的问题多,提出有效解决问题的办法少。因此有必要加快历史教学改革的步伐,推动历史教育的大众化水平。首先应加快中学历史教材编写改革,增加能激起学生学习兴趣、紧密结合社会现实的内容,尽量呈现生动的史实,避免过多的结论,避免将中学历史教材变成大学历史教材的压缩本,使之更适合学生的思维特点、学习特点和时代要求。其次教学方式多样化,充分利用现代技术和历史实物材料,将理论环节和实践环节结合起来,并改革考试方式,使之与历史教育的育人目的结合起来。此外,还可以设立历史教育专项课题研究项目,并对有关研究成果的出版发行、推广应用提供必要的条件,重视学校教育系统与社会教育系统之间的分工与合作,推动历史教育工作的制度化建设。
第三,注重传统文化和历史知识普及工作的制度建设
从制度上对传统文化加以保护有助于增强公民和政府部门在这一问题上的责任感,能够提高传统文化的影响力,促进传统文化的延续和发展。在我国,长期存在着对自然科学成果和人文科学成果的重视程度不一,对人文知识的普及贡献更是缺乏相应的提倡和奖励,这严重挫伤了许多人文工作者的积极性和创造性,不利于社会文化氛围的形成和发展。因此,可以考虑设立专项基金给予传统文化普及成果以恰当的评价,并将其与其他科研成果等同视之,使普及工作者的努力得到承认,从而激发他们做好工作的积极性。为保证普及成果的质量,应将其评估事宜交由科研部门管理。此外,还应当重视传统文化在民间的生存状态,给予民间文化艺术表演者以物质上的保障,同时通过适度市场化的运作使他们获得一定回报。物质生活提高了,将有助于他们安心坚守这块阵地并吸引新生力量的加入,进行传统文化的创新,为传统文化注入新的活力。
第四,重视传媒在弘扬优良传统文化、传播历史知识中的作用
在社会公共舆论的领域内,要鼓励电视、电影、报纸等传媒严肃地、有责任感地负起推进传统文化教育、提高民族文化素质的责任。为避免媒体单纯追求经济利益而不顾社会责任,应加强文化界对它们的批评和监督机制。
第五,大学生应更加全面地塑造自己成才
时代和社会发展的趋势表明,单纯的技术型、经济型人才已经不是适应社会发展的综合型人才,文明的前进呼吁更多不仅具有专项技能,同时更具备良好的道德、文化修养的高素质人才,如果连最基本的历史常识都不知道,不仅仅会闹笑话和犯简单的错误,甚至对国家的荣誉及形象也会带来损失。清末文人龚自珍曾说:“灭其国不如先灭其史。”可见历史对一个国家来说有多么重要。大学生是国家和民族的希望,应该努力学习人文知识,自觉吸收传统文化精髓,不断提高自身的人文素养和综合素质,更加全面地塑造自己成才。
第三篇:大学英语三级作文与训练
大学英语三级作文范文与训练模板
英语三级作文句型模板:My college life
1)进入大学一切都那么新鲜
2)大学生活与中学生活完全不同
3)大学生活是我们人生中的一个重要阶段。
Everything seems fresh to me when I entered the college.My college life is entirely different from the the life in high school.College life is an important stage in my life.The campus looked very large and there were so many buildings.I was very excited and curious when the first class began.I have a great number of new schoolmates who came from different parts of the country.In the library, there were so many books and several bright reading-rooms.I was determined to study hard.I lived at the dormitory, not at home, as did in high school.The great difference, I feel, is that at college I should study all by myself.It is in college that I began to live and study by myself, even plan further for myself.Meanwhile, in college I will change and become matured and fully grown up, both physically and mentally
True friends
1)朋友在人们生活中有重要作用。
2)有些人为了利益而交朋友。
3)患难中的朋友才是整整的朋友。
Friends play an important part in everyone’s life.Some people make friends for their own benefits.A friend in need is a friend in deed.1)Friends influence your development, maturity and sense of responsibility.2)These people are not reallyfriends.They only want to be your friends if it is to their advantage.By this time you should know who are your true friends.3)A true friend is eager to help you whenever necessary.You can consider yourself very lucky if you have one true friend.You and your true friend have a good understanding of each other
英语三级作文句型模板:Sports and health
Sports and health
1)健康是非常重要的 2)运动让我们保持健康。
3)我们应该参加运动。
Everyone knows how important health is.Sports help everyone to keep healthy.A healthy person can always be energetic, challenge all hardships and enjoy life to its best.Poor in health, a person can not achieve much success though he is well educated.Physical exercise can not only increase our appetite, strengthen our body but also make us sound.Leaving your TV and computer aside and come out.In winter,„..And swimming may become your favorite in summer.In one word, good health relies on sports.英语三级作文句型模板:Hobbies
爱好是我们生活中的一个重要部分。
我们在日常生活中有各种各样的爱好。
在我家中每个人都有自己的爱好。
Hobbies play an important part in our life.They provide a change from routine life and are usually relaxing, enjoyable, and interesting.They help one to maintain a mental and emotional balance.In our lives we enjoy many hobbies.Music is very popular.Many people play musical instruments for fun in their free hours.Sports provide other favorite hobbies.Cycling, running, tennis and ping-pong are all popular hobbies people value much.The members of my family all have different hobbies.I have always taken photography as an interesting hobby, but my sister finds stamp collecting relaxing and it takes her mind off her work.On weekends my father likes to get his mind off his work by reading good book.And my mother often plays the piano for her own enjoyment.We all have own hobbies.2013年英语三级议论型作文范文:大学生与父母道谢
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Say “Thank You” to Parents.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.很多的大学生从未跟父母道过谢
2.请说明原因
3.你的建议
According to a recent survey involving over 3000 undergraduates, 35% of university students have never said “Thank you” to their parents.Their parents have done all they could to bring them up in the past score of years, but have never been rewarded with gratitude.The subjects claim such reasons as follows.First and foremost, a quarter of the interviewed students regard it as parents’ duty to support them spiritually and financially.And it is not necessary to express appreciation to their parents.However, the majority of youngsters are aware of their parents’ tender love but are not accustomed to saying “Thank you”.Some even find a generation gap between themselves and their parents, thus feeling reluctant to express their affection for their parents.In my opinion, extending thankfulness to our parents is a way of respecting them and their love.We should express our feelings directly and bravely, but what’s more important is, we should do all that we can to reward them.2013年英语三级议论型作文范文:大学寝室自私自利现象
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Selfishness in Dormitory Life.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.大学寝室里自私自利的现象比较普遍
2.分析出现这种现象的原因
3.呼吁大学生改变这种不智之举
Selfishness is a bit prevailing in university dormitories.Some never care about others’ needs or offer help to their roommates.Some even interrupt others’ normal daily life by speaking loudly, turning on the loudspeakers and telephoning at midnight.As the only children in their families, most of them are the apples of their parents’ eye.They have been spoiled and are used to being satisfied.Therefore, they hardly pay any attention to others’ feelings initiatively.What they care about is how to meet their own demands and how to get what they need from others.Moreover, selfish people do not know mutual respect and mutual help are keys to harmonious dormitory life.Selfishness erodes youngsters’ mind and may well undermine their all-round development.Only when we become respectful and helpful to each other, can we create a healthy atmosphere for dormitory life.2013年英语三级作文范文:My First Day on the Campus
My First Day on the Campus
I still remember the day when I first came to the college.Being a boy of 17, I was longing for a new life as a college student;but, at the same time, I had no idea what college life would be like.That morning when the bus carried me to the gate of the college.I was so excited that my heart was beating very fast as if it would leap out of my mouth.From now on, I would be a student of this college.After registration, we were led by an instructor to the dormitory, where, for the first time, we were going to live without parents but roommates.I was so clumsy that I did not know how to make the bed and fix the mosquito net.In the afternoon, I took a walk around the campus together with my roommates.To think of studying in such a beautiful place made me feel quite proud of myself.As we were walking along, talking and laughing, a voice came into our ears, “Oh, look at these freshmen!” It was our middle-school-students’ looking that gave us away.We continued our tour of the college, inspecting every building and every garden until the sun began to set.In the evening, we sat together, talking about the past and the future.We were so excited that no one wanted to go to bed.2013年英语三级作文范文:Studying Abroad
Studying Abroad
Attending schools abroad has many advantages.In the first place, by looking at our own country from outside, we can best see the strong points and weak points of our nation and therefore widen our vision and broaden our minds.Second, while studying in a foreign country, we can travel widely, visiting famous scenic spots and making friends with the local people.Thirdly we can use the foreign language in our daily life so that our ability in the second language may be improved quickly.But the most important thing in attending a foreign university is to get acquainted with the latest knowledge in science and technology and make use of the first-rate facilities available.For all these advantages, it is really worthwhile to go abroad for education.However, as everything has two sides, there are also some disadvantages in attending a foreign university.The most serious problem is the language barrier.Most of the students who are ready to go abroad do not adequate knowledge of the language spoken there.As a result, on arriving there, they will find it difficult to understand what the instructors are saying.Besides, for lack of knowledge of the customs and way of life of the local people, they may run into trouble in dealing with various situations.Therefore, misunderstandings often arise.Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, so most students have to find part-tine jobs in order to help support themselves.Faced with these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies and some students may even fail in their courses and learn little.Therefore, given an opportunity to attend a school abroad, one must consider both sides of the factors carefully before making up his mind.On the whole, it is a good thing to go and study abroad particularly when the subject is very weak or not available in our country.But on the other hand, one must not lose sight of the disadvantages.2013年英语三级作文范文:大学扩招
Is the Expansion of Enrollment a Good Thing?
Many colleges and universities have expanded their enrollment since 1998.The reasons for the expansion are as follows.Firstly, they want to keep up with the need of the job market to produce more qualified people to take up the jobs.Secondly, the expansion has entitled many high school graduates to the right of receiving higher education.Last but not least, it can raise the intellectual standards of our nation.However, studies show that the trend to expand has brought about many problems.For instance, the teaching facilities and accommodation capacities of many colleges and universities are limited and are unable to meet the demand of an ever-increasing number of the newly enrolled students.On the other hand, the average quality of the freshmen is declining.In the long run, hunting for a job will be a tough thing for the graduates and that will inevitably exert much pressure on the prospects of employment.In spite of all this, I am still confident that the expansion of enrollment is of great benefit to our society ?and is a good thing.With the development of our national economy, the problem as mentioned above will be solved if proper measures are taken.2013年英语三级作文范文:假冒伪劣产品
假冒伪劣产品
1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象?
2.举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费个人、社会等的危害。
Harmfulness of Fake Commodities
Nowadays in the society, there are enormous fake commodities.When you go to the supermarket, you may buy some fake food commodities.When you go to the pharmacist’s, you may buy some fake medicine.The deep root of this phenomenon lies in someone’s greed for money.In order to get a large amount of money in a short time, they try every means to produce fake commodities, without any regard for other people’s benefit and health.Fake commodities can do great harm to both consumers and society.For example, when a person bought fake medicine, it was useless in curing his disease and really a waste of money.Sometimes fake medicine can even cause death.Fake commodities are usually sold in a lower price.It causes unfair competition in the market economy and puts the whole society in disorder.2013年英语三级作文范文:Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”
Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”
1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”
2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”
3.该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处
To help those who are in need is always regarded as a traditional Chinese moral.However people have to know well what the need is before the help is offered.When the need is just for some minority’s benefit and against most people’s interests, or when it is immoral or unlawful, people should not hesitate to say No.Otherwise they will put themselves into trouble.Unfortunately, there are so many such examples around us that people end up their leadership in jail or bury their glory in shame simply because they don’t’ say “No” while they should.Some people are reluctant to say “No” in front of all kinds of briberies as they want to swamp their power for money.They can’t resist the temptations of accumulating wealth in a fast but illegal way.For their own good and their friend’s favor, these people would sacrifice millions of RMB Yuan for an unproportional commission and therefore stake there future on scales of law.Other people don’t say No because of misinterpreted friendship and lack of sense of law.They never hesitate to do whatever their friends ask them to do.They believe they are helping their friends even when they are actually violating the law or local regulations.Such people will also be punished according to the degree of their misbehavior.Therefore, to help is not always doing good.People should learn to say a No when the help might hurt other people’s interests.2013年英语三级作文训练模板:文凭越高越吃香
Knowledge and Diploma
1.目前社会上存在这样一种说法:文凭越高越吃香
2.而有些人则认为文凭不等于知识
3.你的观点
● 审题概述●
这是一篇论述高文凭与知识关系的文章。第一段,概述社会上文凭越高越吃香的看法。第二段,主要论述有些人文凭不等于知识的观点。第三段,重点阐述你对此的看法。
【范文】:Knowledge and Diploma
It is generally believed that a high diploma guarantees a promising future.Some people identify high diplomas with profound knowledge and exceptional competence.Companies also tend to emphasize the academic achievement of a job candidate.Like it or not, there does exist a social reality – the higher diplomas one gets, the more popular he becomes.On the contrary, other people claim that a high diploma doesn’t automatically translate into knowledge.A diploma, in their eyes, is only the acknowledgment of one’s educational experience rather than a guarantee of one’s ability.Therefore, we can never measure the depth of one’s knowledge by the grade of one’s diploma.Besides, many knowledgeable people don’t have a high diploma.Take Bill Gates for example.His dropping out of college cannot deny the fact that he is one of the world’s most learned men.So I must say no one should ever equate a diploma with knowledge, because a diploma is nothing but a proof of a short-term study while genuine knowledge needs one’s lifelong devotion.◇第一段思路点评:先陈述人们对高文凭高能力的看法,再点出这是一种社会现实。
◇语言点提示:
job candidate求职者、应聘者
◇第二段思路点评:详细论述文凭并不等于能力。
◇语言点提示:
Acknowledgment承认、致谢、感谢、答谢
◇第三段思路点评:使用一个长句阐述了你对文凭与知识辩证关系的认识。
◇语言点提示:
(1)equate a diploma with knowledge 把文凭与知识划等号
(2)nothing but a proof of a short-term study只是短期学习的证明
2013年英语三级作文训练模板:盗版软件
It’s Time to Stop Software Piracy
1.盗版软件比比皆是
2.盗版软件猖獗的原因
3.如何打击盗版软件
● 审题概述●
这是一篇主要论述盗版软件猖獗原因和打击盗版软件的措施的文章。第一段,概述中国盗版软件泛滥的情况。第二段,重点分析盗版软件猖獗的主要原因。第三段,侧重阐述打击盗版软件的措施。
【范文】
It’s Time to Stop Software Piracy
China has often been criticized for the rampant practice of software piracy.Take a look around.We operate on pirated Windows systems, defend PC security with pirated Kaspersky anti-virus programmes, process files with pirated Microsoft Office, draft 3D designs with pirated AutoCAD, refine pictures with pirated Adobe Photoshop, and study English with pirated Kingsoft’s electronic dictionaries and translators.It’s no exaggeration that pirated software is everywhere.The logic behind the phenomenon is simple and clear: if a pirated copy is available for just a tiny fraction of the normal price, not to speak of many of the free downloads online, who would pay for an authentic copy? Cheaper prices aside, easy access is another important factor.With such a large gathering of pirated upgrades around, who would bother to spend time and money searching the stores for an authorized yet outdated version?
Despite these apparent benefits, the practice of software piracy should be banned, because it represents unfair competition and by nature it’s a no-win situation.But how? Two approaches are to be taken at the same time: Technically, software developers should enhance their antipiracy engineering, so that cracking the software should be virtually impossible.And legally, the government should also tighten its antipiracy laws and toughen up the penalties, so that violations should be costly.◇第一段思路点评:概述中国盗版软件泛滥的现状。
◇语言点提示:
the rampant practice of software piracy猖獗的盗版软件
◇第二段思路点评:论述盗版软件猖獗的原因。
◇语言点提示:
(1)downloads online 在线下载
(2)authentic copy正版
◇第三段思路点评:阐述打击盗版软件的具体做法,包括软件商和政府采取的应对措施。
◇语言点提示:
tighten its antipiracy laws and toughen up the penalties加强反盗版立法和盗版惩罚
2013年英语三级作文训练模板:金融危机影响
Effects of Financial Crisis on College Students
1.金融危机给各行各业都造成了一定影响
2.金融危机对大学生造成何种影响
3.作为大学生,应怎样应对这种影响
● 审题概述●
这是一篇主要论述金融危机与大学生关系的文章。第一段,概述金融危机给世界造成的影响。第二段,论述金融危机给大学生带来的就业、经济等影响。第三段,阐述大学生面对金融危机带来的影响应提高专业技能等。
【范文】
Effects of Financial Crisis on College Students
Since the financial crisis swept the world, the global economy has sunk into a severe recession.It’s hard to get through a day without hearing or reading news about the devastating effects of the crisis: A world of companies go bankrupt, millions of employees are laid off, high-return investment bubbles burst, and huge sums of loans can never be retrieved.Its impact on our daily life can be felt in all walks of life.College students inevitably fall victim to this pervasive slump as well.On top of that, internships and job vacancies are reduced to the minimum as companies keep shrinking.New graduates find themselves hard to get a job, not to speak of a satisfactory one.What comes next? Poor students will be hard-pressed if they find student loans unavailable any more.As a result, some even cannot afford to continue their studies.Lastly, more students are probably out there anxiously looking for part-time jobs now that they have to help cover their expenses in this gloomy economy.Their innocence and eagerness might be taken advantage of by some malicious businesspeople, or even criminal gang.In response to these threats, we students must act promptly and wisely.Since we definitely will be facing a competitive job market, it’s crucial that we submit high quality resumes.Therefore, we must commit more to our professional studies.Even do better, master more relevant job skills as a double security.Furthermore, apply for scholarships and grants, as these are still available and we don’t have to pay them back.As for the safety issues, trust our instinct – there’s no free lunch in this world.Anything that promises quick returns without much work is a sure trap.Stay alert and protect ourselves.◇第一段思路点评:概述金融危机给各行各业造成的影响。
◇语言点提示:
(1)severe recession严重衰退
(2)devastating effects毁灭性的后果
(3)go bankrupt破产
(4)high-return investment bubbles高回报投资泡沫
(5)retrieved追回、挽回
◇第二段思路点评:主要论述金融危机给大学生带来影响。
◇语言点提示:
(1)slump 经济萧条、不景气、经济衰退
(2)internships 实习
(3)fall victim to 被降服、屈服于
(4)malicious恶毒的、恶意的 ◇第三段思路点评:
阐述大学生如何应对金融危机的影响。
◇语言点提示:
注意since, therefore, furthermore等关联词的使用,使句间关系更加紧密。
2013年英语三级作文训练模板:校园盗窃案
Enhance Awareness to Guard against Campus Thefts
1.校园盗窃案件时有发生
2.物品被盗的原因
3.学生如何加强防盗意识
●审题概述●
这是一篇论述校园物品被盗和加强防盗意识的文章。第一段,主要陈述校园盗窃案件发生的情况。第二段,主要分析校园物品被盗的原因。第三段,主要阐述学生怎样增强防盗意识。
【范文】
Enhance Awareness to Guard against Campus Thefts
“If you don’t want to wake up and find you have no pants to wear, you’d better put them on in sleep,” goes a popular joke among students.Obviously, campus thefts have become increasingly annoying as they occur far more often than before.And it seems that the thieves are less choosy these days, with their targets ranging widely from bikes, cell phones, purses, pre-paid IC cards to sunglasses, bags, and even underwear.In short, anything that worth a dime is likely to be stolen.What makes students the easy targets? The reasons are not hard to find.But I believe of all these reasons, the lack of anti-theft alertness is the most important.For lack of alertness, the students tend to leave the doors and windows wide open during sleep at noon or at night in summer.For the same reason, they’ll also leave their bikes unlocked before a store or by a road, or forget to take away their personal stuff before they go out of the classroom to make a phone call.These acts undoubtedly have increased their exposure to the light-fingered monsters.In order to minimize possible losses, the students must stay on guard in the first place, as awareness of the thefts around often makes a big difference.To be more specific, the students should not hide any tempting amount of cash in the dorm.Put it in the bank instead.Besides, do not leave any valuable items unattended.Take them wherever you go.In addition, it’s advisable to develop a neighbourhood watch programme with other students in the dorm and neighbouring dorms.◇第一段思路点评:陈述校园盗窃案件发生的情况
◇语言点提示:it seems that此句型表示一种可能性
◇第二段思路点评:说明被盗原因
◇语言点提示:
(1)What makes students the easy targets?此句引出下文
(2)anti-theft alertness防盗意识
(3)lack of alertness缺乏警惕
(4)light-fingered小偷小摸的、惯行扒窃的 ◇第三段思路点评:阐述如何加强防盗意识
◇语言点提示:注意关联词语in the first place,Besides,In addition的使用可使行文更富逻辑性。
2013年英语三级作文训练模板:校园火灾
Fire Prevention on Campus
1.前段时间校园火灾频发,造成生命和财产损失
2.分析火灾发生的原因
3.作为学生,如何预防校园火灾发生
●审题概述●
这是一分析火灾原因和如何预防火灾为中心的文章,撰写时重点即在于此。开篇综述校园火灾频发情形及造成的生命和财产损失,然后说明火灾原因,最后提出可能的火灾预防措施。第一段,主要概述;第二段,说明原因;第三段,详细论述措施。
【范文】
Fire Prevention on Campus
People are alarmed by the succession of campus fires in recent years.In each of these accidents, heavy casualties were reported – houses were burned down, students lost their lives, and properties were damaged.Faced with such a chilling fact, people keep asking, “What on earth results in these repeated tragedies?”
A brief survey of them reveals that human factors still prove to be the leading causes.For example, three of these fires were caused by the students’ use of electric water-heaters.As students often leave the heaters unattended, the risks are rather high should the water in the bottle boil dry while no one is around to turn off the power.In other cases, fires were also caused by stoves, candles, cigarette butts, etc.Since most of these disasters could have been prevented if proper precautions had been taken, students should be better educated on the importance and measures of fire control.The following three reminders are of particular importance for us students: First, learn how to use a fire extinguisher.Second, double-check candles, heaters, stoves and other electric appliances, and make sure there are no open flames before leaving rooms.Lastly, do not smoke in the dorm.◇第一段思路点评:概述并引入下文
◇语言点提示:
(1)此句What on earth results in these repeated tragedies? 常可作为过渡句,引出下文
(2)注意描述有关火灾客观事实,多使用被动语态,如are alarmed by,were reported,were burned down,were damaged,Faced with。
◇第二段思路点评:论述火灾的主要原因是使用电热水器,还有造成火灾的次要原因是实用电炉、蜡烛和乱扔烟蒂◇语言点提示:electric water-heaters电热水器
◇第三段思路点评:详述预防火灾的三点措施,注意使用连接词语first, second, lastly。
◇语言点提示:
take precautions采取预防措施
fire extinguisher灭火器
2013年英语三级作文训练模板:大学生追求名牌
University Students’ Pursuit of Famous Brands
1.现在很多大学生都追求穿名牌,用名牌
2.你对这种现象的看法
● 审题概述●
这是一篇论述对大学生追求和使用名牌看法的文章。第一段,详述大学生热衷追求、使用名牌的情形以及人们的看法。第二段,重点谈你对此的看法。
【范文】University Students’ Pursuit of Famous Brands
“What perfumes are you wearing?” “Aren’t your shoes Nike’s latest release?” “I like the Mickey bag you bought yesterday.” “I hear the Jack &Jones store is on sale this week.Do you wanna come along?” Don’t feel surprised if you hear them coming out of the mouth of college students.It’s quite common to hear and see college students swapping information about the brands they like and the products they use.In fact, discussions about brand names have become one of the college students’ favourite pastimes.They learn about the latest fashion from each other, exchange tips about when and where to get the item, and buy it at their earliest convenience.“Keeping up with the Joneses” is their conviction – “If the Joneses have it, how could I have not?”
About this current mindset of the college students, many people may hasten to show their disapproval.They’ll probably take it to be a reflection of the students’ vanity and superficiality.And they may lecture them on the virtue of being thrifty.However, I beg to differ.For one thing, name-brand products are usually quality products.As such, they are something beautiful, endurable, and reliable.“The love of beauty is common to all,” goes the proverb;therefore, there’s nothing to blame about the pursuit of famous brands.For the other, college students are old enough to make their own decisions.Likewise, they must abide by the consequences if they make an ill-advised one.If they let their pursuit of brands eat into their budget for other more important issues, they should be able to correct their mistakes and keep everything in moderation.So this becomes no other than a good chance to learn management, isn’t it?
◇第一段思路点评:本段分为两个部分,即详细陈述大学生追求和使用名牌的情况,以及人们对此的看法。
◇语言点提示:
(1)keeping up with the Joneses要在地位和物质上比得上周围的人
(2)conviction坚定的信仰、看法
2013年英语三级作文训练模板:课外培训班
Is it Necessary to Attend Training Classes?
1.现在社会上有各种各样的培训班
2.有些人认为有必要参加课外培训班,有些人则认为没有必要
3.你的观点
● 审题概述●
这是一篇主要论述人们和你对社会上各类培训班看法的文章。第一段,概述各种各样培训班的状况。第二段,论述人们对参加课外培训班的不同看法。第三段,重点阐述你对此的看法。
【范文】Is it Necessary to Attend Training Classes?
All across the country a great diversity of custom-made classes are mushrooming, in which special training is provided concerning computer skills, arts, sports, and other extracurricular specialties like maths and writing.Among them language crash courses for various tests, such as CET, BEC, TOFEL, IELTS, GRE and so forth, are especially noticeable for its wide range and high attendance rate.Some consider it advisable to attend such classes while others believe it unnecessary.The former argues that it’s far more effective to command these special skills with the help of an experienced trainer than to work at them on their own.They are convinced that these training classes can make up for what is not taught in school, hence, more competitive edge over their peers.The latter group of people, nonetheless, criticize it as a sheer waste of resources.They warn that the quality of most training courses is questionable, as they are marketed to get money out of our pocket rather than get knowledge into our head.As far as I am concerned, a little bit of such special training does us no harm, but too much of it can only prove to be counter-productive.Anyhow, the deprived free time can be better invested in recreation at weekends, talking to an old friend, or simply enjoying a long-overdue vacation.◇第一段思路点评:第一句综述社会上提供知识、技能服务的各类培训班雨后春笋般兴起,第二句例举语言速成课程特别火爆。
◇语言点提示:
(1)a great diversity of各种各样的(2)mushrooming迅速扩散、增加
(3)language crash courses语言速成课程
◇第二段思路点评:先用一句对比式地摆出两种不同的观点,再分别详述他们的看法。
◇语言点提示:注意连接词语while,The former,They,The latter group of people等的使用,强化了上下文之间的连贯性。
◇第三段思路点评:辩证地论述你对参加各类培训班的看法。
◇语言点提示:
(1)as far as I am concerned我认为,就我而言
(2)counter-productive适得其反的、事与愿违的
2013年英语三级议论型作文范文:宿舍or校外
议论型作文
1.Should College Students Live on Campus
a.有些人喜欢住在学校的宿舍,因为„„
b.有些人喜欢住在校外,因为„„
c.我的看法
There are an increasing number of students who choose to live off campus.Parents and university administrations understandably reacted differently.They voiced concerns about security and the threat of off-campus lifestyles getting out of control.However, college students have their own reasons for their choices.Some students prefer to live on campus for the following reasons.First, campus residents are closer to classes, the library, and other resources, so they are more likely to succeed in college and complete their bachelor’s degree in four years.Furthermore, Living in a dorm is a great opportunity to meet all kinds of new people and develop relationships with them, so students living on campus are more sociable.Last but not the least, living on campus is cheaper and more convenient.Often times, off-campus housing is more expensive than on-campus housing and while living on campus, you don’t have to worry about monthly rent payments and utility bills.Some others choose to live off campus because they believe living off campus they are more independent, with more privacy and a lot more quiet time.Living off campus gives them freedom from those dorm rules and allow them to set their own.The extra space also means that one can probably find a quiet place to study in the convenience of his own home.As for me, I’m a faithful supporter of the former group because I, living on campus myself, have witnessed and enjoyed all the convenience and happiness of doing so.To me, living on campus undoubtedly adds an important element to the complete college experience.2013年英语三级议论型作文范文:大学寝室自私自利现象
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Selfishness in Dormitory Life.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.大学寝室里自私自利的现象比较普遍
2.分析出现这种现象的原因
3.呼吁大学生改变这种不智之举
Selfishness is a bit prevailing in university dormitories.Some never care about others’ needs or offer help to their roommates.Some even interrupt others’ normal daily life by speaking loudly, turning on the loudspeakers and telephoning at midnight.As the only children in their families, most of them are the apples of their parents’ eye.They have been spoiled and are used to being satisfied.Therefore, they hardly pay any attention to others’ feelings initiatively.What they care about is how to meet their own demands and how to get what they need from others.Moreover, selfish people do not know mutual respect and mutual help are keys to harmonious dormitory life.Selfishness erodes youngsters’ mind and may well undermine their all-round development.Only when we become respectful and helpful to each other, can we create a healthy atmosphere for dormitory life.2013年英语三级议论型作文范文:大学生与父母道谢
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Say “Thank You” to Parents.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.很多的大学生从未跟父母道过谢
2.请说明原因
3.你的建议
According to a recent survey involving over 3000 undergraduates, 35% of university students have never said “Thank you” to their parents.Their parents have done all they could to bring them up in the past score of years, but have never been rewarded with gratitude.The subjects claim such reasons as follows.First and foremost, a quarter of the interviewed students regard it as parents’ duty to support them spiritually and financially.And it is not necessary to express appreciation to their parents.However, the majority of youngsters are aware of their parents’ tender love but are not accustomed to saying “Thank you”.Some even find a generation gap between themselves and their parents, thus feeling reluctant to express their affection for their parents.In my opinion, extending thankfulness to our parents is a way of respecting them and their love.We should express our feelings directly and bravely, but what’s more important is, we should do all that we can to reward them.大学英语三级考试必备作文范文:个人简历
个人简历
RESUME
Li Ming
P.O.Box 237, Beijing University
5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871
Tel: 62768888 Email: Liming@163.com
Career Objective: A position with management potential in the banking business specializing in international corporate financing
Educational Background:
Sept 2003 to Beijing University
July 2007 Major in International Business Management
Main courses include English, Computer, Business
Management, Accounting, International Commercial Law
Work Experience:
July 2006 to Bank of China
June 2007 Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of Marketing
Draft business correspondence
Schedule deputy manager’s appointments
Qualifications: University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be conferred upon graduation(2007)
College English Test Band 4 June 2005
Honors & Awards: Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing University
2005& 2006
Special Skills: Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel
Ability to work independently
Outstanding Organizational skills
Experience: President of Student Union 2003-present
Personal Data: Date of Birth: 9/17/1984
Gender: Female
Marital Status: Unmarried
第四篇:集合与逻辑用语三级训练
西乡中学高三数学班级:姓名:教师: 易里豪 7/13/201
4集合与逻辑用语三级训练
一、基本训练
1.【2012山东文2】已知全集U{0,1,2,3,4},集合A{1,2,3},B{2,4},则(CUA)B为()
(A){1,2,4}(B){2,3,4}(C){0,2,4}(D){0,2,3,4}
2.(2009广东1)已知全集U=R,则正确表示集合M={—1,0,1}和N={xx10}关系的韦恩(Venn)图是()
23.【2012湖北文4】命题“存在一个无理数,它的平方是有理数”的否定是()
A.任意一个有理数,它的平方是有理数B.任意一个无理数,它的平方不是有理数
C.存在一个有理数,它的平方是有理数D.存在一个无理数,它的平方不是有理数
4.(09北京6.“
6”是“cos2
1”的()2B.必要而不充分条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件 A. 充分而不必要条件
C. 充分必要条件5.【2012上海文2】若集合Axlg(2x)0,Bxx1,则AB=
二、能力训练
1.(2011湖北2)已知Uy|ylog2x,x1,Py|y
1,x2,则CUP=()x
A.[,)B.0,1211(,0][,)0,C.D.22
2(2013上海(文))设常数aR,集合Ax|x1xa0,Bx|xa1.若
ABR,则a的取值范围为()B.,22A.,2 C.2, D.2, 3.【2012湖北文1】已知集合A{x| x-3x +2=0,x∈R },B={x|0<x<5,x∈N },则满足条件A
C B 的集合C的个数为()
A 1B 2C3D
44.(08陕西2.已知全集U{1集合A{x|x3x20},2,3,4,5},B{x|x2a,aA},则集合ðU(AA.1
2B)中元素的个数为()B.2C.3D.41
5.(07安徽5.若A{xZ2≤22x8},B{xRlog2x1},则A
为()
A.0B.1C.2D.3(ðRB)的元素个数
6.(2012 年全国)已知集合 A={1,3},B={1,m},A ∪B=A,则 m=()
A.0或3B.0或3C.1或3D.1或3
7.已知集合A{xR|ylg(x2x2)},B{xR|y,则A ∩ B 等于()
A.(1,2)B.[1,2]C.(1,1)D.(1,1]
8.(07福建4.“x2”是“x2x60”的()
A.充分而不必要条件
C.充要条件B.必要而不充分条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件
9.(2013课标Ⅰ卷(文))已知命题p:xR,2x3x;命题q:xR,x31x2,则下列命
题中为真命题的是:()
A.pq B.pq C.pq D.pq
10.(2012年高考(福建理))下列命题中,真命题是()
A.x0R,ex00 B. xR,2xx2
C.ab0的充要条件是a1 bD.a1,b1是ab1的充分条件
x2y2
1},B{(x,y)|y3x},则AB的子集11.(2010湖北理2).设集合A{x,y|416的个数是()
A.4B.3C .2D.1
12.(2011全国(5))下面四个条件中,使ab成立的充分而不必要的条件是()
(A)a>b1(B)a>b1(C)a>b(D)a>b
13.(09江苏11.已知集合A2233x|log2x2,B(,a),若AB则实数a的取值范
2围是(c,),其中c.14.下列命题中:①“b0”是函数f(x)axbxc是偶函数的充分必要条件;
② 若函数ylogax是(0,)的增函数,则a12; ③ xR,x2x10; 2
④ 若集合A,B满足ABB,则AB。其中正确命题的序号是________________
15.已知命题甲:a+b≠4,命题乙:a≠1且b≠3,则命题甲是命题乙的________条件.
三、拓展训练
1.【2012四川文7】设a、下列四个条件中,使b都是非零向量,ab成立的充分条件是()|a||b|
A、|a||b|且a//bB、abC、a//bD、a2b
2.(08江西:ABzzxy,xA,yB.设A1,2,B0,2,则集合AB 的所有元素之和为()
A.0B.2C.3D.6
3.(2011湖北10).若实数a,b满足a0,b0,且ab0,则称
a与b互补,记
(a,b)ab,那么(a,b)0是a与b互补的()
A.必要不充分条件B.充分不必要条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件
4:(2012 年安徽)设平面α与平面β相交于直线 m,直线a在平面α内,直线 b 在平面β内,且 b⊥m,则“α⊥β”是“a⊥b”的 _____________________________条件.5.(2010四川文数)(16)设S为复数集C的非空子集.若对任意x,yS,都有xy,xy,xyS,则称S为封闭集。下列命题:①集合S={a+bi|(a,b为整数,i为虚数单位)}为封闭集; ②若S为封闭集,则一定有0S;
③封闭集一定是无限集;
④若S为封闭集,则满足STC的任意集合T也是封闭集.其中真命题是(写出所有真命题的序号)
四、综合解答训练
1:已知 a>0,设命题 p:函数yax 在 R 上单调递增;命题 q:不等式 ax-ax+1>0 对2
∀x∈R 恒成立.若 p∧q 为假,p∨q 为真,求 a 的取值范围。
2.已知p:x1p是q的必要非充分条件,22 q: x-2x+1-m ≤0(m>0),若求实数m2;3的取值范围。
解:
3.设所有可表示为两整数的平方差的整数组成的集合为M。
(1)证明所有奇数都属于M;
(2)若偶数2tM,t应满足什么条件?
(3)证明属于M的两个整数之积仍属于M。
第五篇:继承 发展 创新
“urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office” />
1.教师要善于发掘历史教材的情感、态度、价值观因素,来对学生进行思想教育
中华文明上下五千年,蕴藏着极为丰富的人文底蕴和知识素养。在教学过程中,语言表达的生动性、形象性和趣味性显得尤为突出重要。生动形象有趣的语言表达不仅可以活跃课堂气氛,陶冶学生情操,还可以激发学习兴趣和求知欲望。例:火的使用过程:天然火的出现或许是因为炎热干燥的季节里雷击引燃了森林中堆积的枯枝,或许是林中的一只小鹿为逃避猛兽的追逐而碰下悬崖的一块石头撞击到另一块石头的火星引燃了森林中千年的枯叶,或许是其它千年等一回才出现一次的偶然因素。我们可以想象一下:当森林中燃起大火时,原始人类肯定和其他野兽一样惊慌的逃窜。大火过后,那些侥幸逃得性命的人面对满目的灰烬悲痛欲绝、一筹莫展,也许他们会远走他乡,结局是死于路途中或找到新的家园。也许他们会留下来,由于饥饿拣起烧焦的动物或同伴的尸体――那一定是难以下咽的食物。也许——当他们终于习惯这种食物时,下次再吃要等不知多少万年。在经过无数次数代人同样的经历才认识到火能给他们美味。从恐惧到认识,从认识到利用,这其间从逃窜到拣起烧焦的食物恐怕要经历上百万年的历程。我们的祖先在人类进化的过程中经历了多么漫长而艰辛的过程。从猿进化成人,从古代人进化成现代人,人类每前进一步都须付出巨大的努力才终于进化成我们今天的样子。所以,我们一定要意识到现在的你我都是人类进化的结晶,我们的祖先经历了千辛万苦才进化成我们今天的样子。我们没有理由不好好做人。
又如,教学《民族团结》一课时(八年级下册11课),发掘了时政热点“别斯兰人质事件”和“中国青年志愿者接力计划”,通过比较,说明了民族团结的对国家繁荣稳定的重要大贡献,同时也引导学生怎样为国家,民族的发展作贡献。
2.教师善于组织开展课堂活动,创设情境,培养学生的情感、态度、价值观
中学生普遍具有贪玩好动、情感丰富、爱憎分明性格,而学习目标不是太明确。要把他们培养有高尚的道德品质和对社会有责任感的人,靠空洞的说教是不能够实现的。
我们关注学生的情感、态度、价值观,每每学校例行的升国旗、唱国歌的仪式时,学生的热情似乎并不高。学生的国家意识在缺乏情景的创设时,是无法调动起来的,他们的爱国主义情感被隐藏起来了。在教学“抗日战争”时,为了突出“爱国主义”的主题,激发学生的爱国主义情感,我们这样做:选择“九·一八”这个特殊的日子,这个国人心中的“国耻日”,举行全年级师生共同参与的纪念仪式,通过步步为营、层层深入,创设“知耻而后勇”的历史情境,培养、树立学生的情感、态度、价值观,突出爱国主义教育这一主题。
我们首先学习互联网上广为流传的用水均益的名义发表的《日本,听我对你说》把学生的情绪调动起来,然后和学生一起上网查资料,将自己收集的图片、文字资料设计成展板展示出来,用丰富的资料表现一个主题:“9.18”是日本人强加给中国的灾难,生活在沦陷区的中国人命运惨不忍睹。学生全景式的掌握了日本侵华战争过程,尤其是学生下载的南京大屠杀和万人坑的照片:日本人把香烟插在被砍下中国人头颅嘴里取乐;大大的泥坑里满是衣衫不整的尸体,而尸体的旁边是啼哭的婴儿,使得学生产生了悲愤压抑的情绪。这时我们向学生提出了要举行全年级上千名同学集会,听演讲、齐唱抗日歌曲来纪念9.18,得到了他们的响应。为了更好的让学生体验历史,我们又专门利用课堂教唱了《松花江上》、《大刀进行曲》这些抗日歌曲,继续利用情景体验酝酿学生的悲愤情绪。在9.18这天,集会开始,教师和学生共同主持仪式,当主持人说道:“看看我们同学们收集的资料吧!在山西大同,有一个中国人白骨填满的“万人坑”;有一个婴儿在尸体堆里哭喊着找妈妈。在河北潘家峪,有一个中国人尸体垒成的“肉坟丘”,有一个六岁的女孩被鬼子活生生的撕成两半„”骇人听闻的情景和学生查找到的资料相互印证,主持人悲伧的语调,悲愤的表情,成功的创造一种悲凉的气氛笼罩全场。抓住了学生的心,调动了学生的情感。学生演讲开始,当学生演讲到“蓄意的屠杀,惨绝人寰啊!魔鬼!魔鬼呀!蹂躏我国土、屠杀我同胞„”那充满激愤,发自肺腑的语言把全场的悲痛达到高潮!有的学生再也忍受不住夺眶而下的眼泪,他们的情感需要在这是得到宣泄。学生又演讲到“如果我们的肩膀柔弱得连学习的担子都扛不起,那么一切都是空谈。同学们、同学们!快拿出力量,担负起天下的兴亡”突出了活动的宗旨,使学生明确了目前的责任。最后安排齐唱国歌,主持人用激励的语言说到:“同学们,每当《义勇军进行曲》响起的时候,请高唱《国歌》。让它不断提醒我们:祖国需要强大,民族需要尊严,我们需要肩负祖国和民族的未来”。从来没有听到学生如此整齐,嘹亮和充满感情地歌声。这不就是我们企盼已久的齐唱国歌的效果吗?我们欣慰的感觉到,学生通过活动对国歌,对自己肩负的使命已有深刻的认识。
整个集会过程把学生带回那个特殊年代,体验到了民族的苦难,侵略者的毒辣,反抗者的顽强。唤醒他“勿忘国耻,振兴中华”的认同感。我们感到这些生活在舒适和安逸当中的很多同学的内心已凝聚起一种自强不息、振兴中华的民族精神。国家的概念在学生的头脑里更加清晰了。
说到再现历史场景,培养学生的情感、态度、价值观,我们在中国现代史的学习时,又做过这样的尝试。为了让学生更好的学习半个世纪前发生的抗美援朝战争,我们把一位经历过这一历史事件仍然健在的老人请到学校,以老人的经历作为学生体验历史的活教材。模仿中央电视台《实话实说》节目,由志愿军老人和宜宾二中的学生主持人共同合作,以谈话、聊天的方式进行祖孙之间的交流。学生主持人充当活动串联,营造亲切气氛,以调动老战士讲述历史的激情为主。通过现场学生的参与,同时用视频传输手段面向全体初二同学。这种情景体验的手段,符合学生喜欢听故事的性格特点。在听取故事的同时,让学生产生学习老人身上体现出来的我们民族平凡且崇高的人格的动力,对学生的人格进行塑造,从而实现活动目的。活动前,教师多次到老人家和老人谈心,在老人陈旧的相册里,我们发现了这样的一首自题的诗句:“缺衣少食的岁月,血肉横飞的战场。经历了人生磨难,铸就了民族脊梁”。朴实无华的诗句,既是老人崇高的人格品质的体现,又是历史与现实的桥梁。通过它,我们可以了解到志愿军战士生动细致的精神风貌和生存状态。于是教师把它作为了活动连接的线索。活动中,我们首先播放了歌曲《我的祖国》来调动学生的情感,然后播放《志愿军军歌》来调动老人的情感。老人把他和战友在抗美援朝战争中的工作、生活的经历作了详细具体的讲述。在学生的提问下老人描述了自己参军的原因、经历和志愿军战士贫乏的物质条件。让生活在和平年代的学生回到了那个曾经慷慨激昂、金戈铁马的年代,他们从老人怎样参军的历史里,感受到了50年代新中国年轻人的爱国热情,祖国正在经历着“抗美援朝、保家卫国”伟大的事业。当老人讲述到志愿军战士面对物质困难用简陋的武器装备与美国的现代化装备作战,最后保全了自己,战胜敌人的经历时,学生从老人的表情和语言中,感受到了战争的惨烈程度。事后学生对我们说:“那些场景是我们这些只看过电影《上甘岭》和《英雄儿女》难以想像的。真实感人的志愿军战士事迹,体现了坚强的意志,巨大的牺牲,无私无畏的爱国热情。更加深了我们对课本上所说的‘志愿军战士是最可爱的人的认识’”。以这样一种课堂体验的方式,老人独特的人格魅力感染了学生的情感,熏陶学生的心灵。老人对人生的感悟对祖国真挚的热爱,也带给学生做什么样的人,以什么样的方式去学习、生活的思考。有意识的对学生的情感、态度、价值观进行塑造,从而实现活动目的。
3.教学活动中,针对学生表现出来的情感价值观,要善于引导,并为学生展示自己提供舞台
作为学生,在历史学习中经常有表现自己能力和情感的欲望。教师应该敏锐的发现已经形成的能力、情感、态度、价值观,为学生展示自己提供舞台、指引方向。
例如在二战知识的教学过程中,我们发觉部分男同学非常欣赏二战的头号战犯希特勒,他们津津乐道希特勒的《我的奋斗》,认为希特勒敢想敢为,做了那么多别人不敢做,也不可能做成的事迹。非常有个性,值得崇拜。而其余学生虽然有反驳的愿望,又苦于找不到有说服力的证据。这种冲突胶着的状态,为老师创设了良好的教学情景,给老师的教学提出了新问题。教师设计了几个启发性的问题:1.希特勒为什么要写《我的奋斗》?2.希特勒掌权以后在德国做了些什么?在世界其它国家做了什么?你是怎样评价希特勒的种种行为的?这三个问题,相互关联,环环紧扣,既可以训练学生的历史思维能力,同时学生朦胧的想法、新奇的见解、在阅读课文和相互讨论中得到验证。一个同学的发言围绕着课文知识“法西斯的暴行”十分精彩的说到:“我非常反感希特勒的所作所为,为了自己的需要,他可以随意的践踏他人的生命。生命是人立足的根本,是宝贵和唯一的财产,何况希特勒残害生灵的方式又是那样的令人发指。”这位学生的发言蕴含着初步的人道主义和人权的理念。也许她并不知道这两个概念的名称,可是在老师的问题情境里,通过积极的思考,她对这两个理念的具体运用,给老师一种情理之中,意料之外的惊喜。那些只根据自己个人需要,片面强调希特勒是英雄的学生,在课堂学习后,冷静了下来,感到了自己想法的幼稚和错误。学生们在学习关于日本的侵华战争的历史和开展9、18活动中,对比今天日本对历史的态度,响应网上广为流传的抵制日货的潮流,有学生甚至质问历史老师有没有参加网上发起的反对日本加入常任理事国的签名活动,有学生自发组织同学印发抵制日货的宣传单,在家长和社会上产生了比较大的影响,学生的行为让老师始料不及。理智的说这是一种过于的偏激的爱国的行为,但是,作为一个有良心的中国人,在了解历史后,谁产生这样的行为都是正常的。何况,日本本身没有正确的反省战争罪行,正是他们的这种态度,激发了中国人所谓“反日”的爱国行为。作为政府,作为正式的教科书肯定不能旗帜鲜明号召抵制日货,但是,我们肯定了学生的爱国行为--任何历史教师都有责任激发、保护、引导学生的任何形式爱国行为。
有的学生在学习了世界史九年级下册关于美国、西欧和日本战后经济发展,认识到其中共同的原因中关于重视发展教育的因素时,也非常关心中国的教育,主动积极收听今年的两会报告,第一时间把今年中国教育改革的消息告诉班上的每个同学,这种关心社会发展、国家进步的情感、态度实在是难能可贵。它让我们意识到,学生需要教师在教学中为学生建构一个表现自己的舞台,需要有一个与生活的世界相联系的舞台。
有了这样一个舞台就能够更好的激发学生的情感、态度、价值观。有一个真实的事情:一位平时学习不努力的学生在“9.18”集会后,对他的班长说“原来都想彻底放弃学习的念头了,‘9.18’集会以后,觉得自己身上似乎有了一种责任感,应该坚持学习。”现在回想起来“9.18”集会活动之所以成功,就在于集会为学生提供了一个展示自己情感、态度、价值观的舞台;集会后又出版了校报增刊,发表了大量的学生文章,为学生提供了更多展示自己的机会。学生纷纷向各种报刊投稿,例如《日本,听我对你说》、《写给日本同学的信》等刊登在《宜宾晚报》上。除发表文章外,学生在书写毕业留言的时候,受历史责任感的影响,部分同学在填写以后的志愿一栏里,男同学这样写:首先好好念书,锻炼身体,在国家需要的时候,就去当兵。女同学这样写:学好知识,到西部当志愿者,从事教育工作(明显的是受到了教师教学“别斯兰人质事件”和“中国青年志愿者接力计划”的影响。)。这些学生特有的表达方式,并不一定会真的在学生以后的生活中实现,可是它反映了学生的一种良好的心愿。“天下兴亡、匹夫有责”的信念通过历史教学在学生心目中树立起来。
以上实例是我们在课程改革方面关注学生的需要,关注学生的发展,不刻意的追求历史学科的完整性。增加贴近学生生活、贴近社会的内容。通过历史课程的学习,学生获得历史基本知识和技能,增强爱国主义情感,继承和发扬中华民族的优秀文化传统,树立民族自尊心和自信心;学习和继承人类的传统美德,从人类社会历史发展的曲折历程中理解人生的价值和意义,逐渐形成了正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。