托福独立写作常用词汇词组总(超全)

第一篇：托福独立写作常用词汇词组总(超全)

独立写作七类核心词汇总结

一、媒体类比背词汇 paparazzi 狗仔队 mass media 大众媒体 entertainment 娱乐 journalism 新闻业 journal 期刊

the latest news 最新消息 exclusive news 独家新闻 news agency 新闻社 news block out 新闻封锁 news censorship 新闻是审查 freedom of the press 新闻自由 coverage 新闻报道

do reportage on … 报道… hit the headlines 上头条 issue 出版，发行 newsstand 报摊

free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 chief editor 总编 editorial 社论

newsworthy 值得报道的 barometer 晴雨表

the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表 live broadcast 直播

quiz show 智力竞赛节目 game show 游戏节目 variety show 综合节目 talk show 脱口秀 sitcom 情景喜剧 soap opera 肥皂剧 movie star 电影明星 movie king 影帝 movie queen 影后 affair 绯闻 celebrity 名人 fame 名声

rise to fame 声名鹊起 fan 热心追求者

invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私 misleading 误导性的 cheating 欺骗性的 popularity 知名度 scandal 丑闻

sensational 轰动的

prevalent 普遍的，流行的 imperative 重要的，必要的 audience ratings 收视率 propaganda 宣传

be abducted by 受…诱导 purify one’s soul 净化心灵

live in a virtual world 生活在一个虚拟世界中

be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰 meet different tastes 满足不同口味

provide somebody with something 给…提供… follow the fashion blindly 盲目追求时尚 commit crimes 犯罪

be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的 impressive 给人印象深刻的 right to know 知情权

in the disguise of… 打着…的幌子

endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全 information era 信息时代

keep one informed about something 是某人了解… audience/viewers 观众

have unhealthy and harmful effects on… 对…有不良影响 information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会 influential 有影响的

revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底改变我们获取信息的方式 blessing 福 curse 祸

various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目 poor-quality programs 低质量节目 ever-accelerated 不断发展的 exaggerate 夸张

enjoyable 令人享受的 fashionable 时尚的

electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射 psychological illnesses 心理疾病 isolated 孤僻的

unimaginative 缺乏想象力的 unsociable 不好社交的

deprive somebody of one’s imagination and creativity 使…失去想象力和创造力 jeopardize one’s health 危害健康

be exposed to … 了解到…，接触到…

find its way into every family 进入千家万户 global village 地球村

be indulged in … 沉溺于…

be addicted to… 对…上瘾

be fascinated by … 被…所吸引 be dependent on… 依赖…

second-hand information 二手信息 go astray 误入歧途

embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路 irresistible 无法抵制的 hallmark 标志

create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题 critical thinking 批判性思维

powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具 main cause 主因

tempting 有诱惑力的 reliable 可靠的

family attachment 家庭归属感 mutual understanding 相互了解 alienation of affection 感情疏远 be sick of … 对…厌倦 generation gap 代沟

exchanges of feelings 感情交流 emotional bond 感情纽带

strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系 be detached from reality 与现实隔绝 distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非 edifying 有教育意义的 couch potato 电视迷

be harmful to… 对…有害 imitate 模仿

inexpressible 难以形容的

physical and mental healthy 身心健康

stimulate one’s imagination and creativity 激发某人的想象力和创造力 unwholesome lifestyle 不健康的生活方式 a great deal of information 大量的信息

二、工作类必背词汇

ambitious 雄心壮志的，野心勃勃的 adaptability 适应性

adapt oneself to… 使自己… prosperity 繁荣

be disadvantageous to … 对…不利 flow of personnel 人才流动

mechanism of personnel flow 人才流动机制 survival of the fittest 适者生存 a sense of accomplishment 成就感

potentiality 潜能

learn to cooperate and compromise 学习合作和妥协 be deeply impressed with… 对…印象很深 company philosophy 企业文化 flexibility灵活性

competitive 竞争激烈的 arena 舞台

team–work spirit 团队合作精神 treasure opportunity 珍惜机会 a fat salary 收入颇丰

a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系 a sense of responsibility 责任感 material gains 物质待遇

promising future 光明的前途 bright prospect 光明的前景

a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作 turning point 转折点

be closely related to… 与…息息相关 get advanced in the society 出人头地 a decent job 一份体面的工作 a chance of promotion 升迁机会

stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感

keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不断更新 expand one’s horizon 开阔视野

balance work and life平衡工作和生活 from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族

shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility 承担自己的责任 upgrade oneself 提升自我 a well-paid job 高收入工作 creative work创造性工作

stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战 realize the value of life 实现人生价值

enrich one’s social experience 丰富一个人的社会阅历

cultivate one’s independence and toughness 培养自己的独立性和坚韧性 seek for personal development 追求个人发展 display one’s talent 展示才能

a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感 a promotion opportunity 提升机会

meet one’s personalized needs 满足某个人个性化需求 define one’s role 确定自己的角色 social recognition 社会认可 accumulate experience 获取经验 inspiring 鼓舞人心的 motivation 动机

workaholic 工作狂

working environment 工作环境 work overtime 加班

improve one’s capabilities 提高某人能力 develop one’s talents 培养才智 ideal workplace 理想工作场所

master interpersonal skills 掌握人际交往技能

三、社会类必背词汇 urbanization 城市化 centralization 集中化 imbalance 不平衡

in the long run 从长远角度而言 infrastructure 基础设施 booming 繁荣发展的 tertiary industry 第三产业 tranquility 宁静 revenue 税收

commercialization 商业化

traffic congestion 交通拥挤

water scarcity 水短缺

the environmental pollution 环境污染

over-industrialization 过度工业化

over-crowdedness 过度拥挤

unemployment 失业

wealth distribution 财富分配

social instability 社会动荡

urban construction 城市建设

population explosion 人口激增

a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗

offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会

a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活

stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病

high cost of living 高额生活费用

pastoral life 田园生活

class polarization 阶级两极分化

social welfare 社会福利

give special care to… 给予…特殊关照

urban sprawl 城市扩张

convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具

better medical services 更好的医疗服务

pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力

be vulnerable to… 易于患上…

melting pot 熔炉

on the brink of… 处于…边缘

pollutant 污染性物质

waste disposal 废物处理

put the blame on… 归咎于…

be attributable to…归因于…

ways of consumption 消费方式

suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失

citizen 居民

be confronted with… 面临着…

breed crimes 滋生犯罪

vicious cycle 恶性循环

a feasible measure 一种可行的措施

give priority to… 优先考虑…

city planners 城市规划者

save resource 节省资源

flourishing 繁荣昌盛

speed up 加速

relieve the pressure of… 缓解…的压力

advocate the management of resources 倡导资源管理

benefit from 从中受益

put forward valuable suggestions 提出宝贵意见

play a major role in easing traffic 在缓解压力上扮演了重要角色

participate in the reconstruction of the city 参与城市重建

raise the environmental management level 提高环境管理水平

create a pleasant ecological environment 创造出一种和谐的生态环境

give priority to 优先关注

catch much attention 引起很大关注

resource allocation 资源配置

perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 完善城市基础设施建设

reduce the number of vehicles 减少车辆

implement strict vehicle emission standards 制定严格的汽车排放标准

reduce waste 减少浪费

eliminate poverty and backwardness 消除贫穷与落后

prevent and control pollution 预防和控制污染

reinforce the conservation of water and soil 加强水土保护

keep ecological balance 维持生态平衡

adopt environmental protection technique 采取环保技术

create a healthy culture environment 创造出一种健康的文化氛围

strengthen the regulation and monitoring 加强监督和管理

enhance the governmental intrusion 加大政府干预性措施

promote the legislative regulations 促进立法管理

establish and perfect the social security system 建立和完善社会的安全体系

give special care to 给某人和某物特别的关照

map out(work out)a blueprint of… 制定出…的发展蓝图

impose some restrictions on… 对…实施限制

increase the inputs in… 加大对…的投入

arouse people’s awareness of 唤醒人们的…意识

take some preventive(remedial)measures 采取一些预防(补救)措施

enforce on-the-spot penalties 采取立即惩罚性措施

play the role of media 发挥媒体的作用

take proper guidance and support 采取恰当的引导和支持

impose heavier penalty on 对…采取更加严格的惩罚

set down effective laws 制定积极有效的法律

urban planning 城市规划

result in shortage of energy and natural resources 导致能源和自然资源的短缺

break the ecological balance 破坏生态平衡

be harmful to our physical and mental health 对我们的身心健康有害

contaminate the environment 污染环境

promote the sustainable development of the city 促进城市的可持续发展

greenhouse effect 温室效应

strengthen pollution control 加强污染控制

popularize environmental protection knowledge 普及环保知识

burning 迫在眉睫

四、文化类必背词汇

cultural diversity 文化多元化

cultural treasures 文化宝藏

cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流

cultural reconstruction 文化重建

spiritual civilization 精神文明

heritage 遗产

achievements of art 艺术成就

tear down 拆除

humane historical sites 人文历史遗址

preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产

blueprint 蓝图

skyscraper 摩天大楼

high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼

city construction 城市建设

well-structured 结构良好的 crystallization 结晶

visual enjoyment 视觉享受

driving force 驱动力

reconstruct 重建

destruct 破坏

architectural industry 建筑工业

map out 制定出

city designing 城市设计

beautify our life 美化我们的生活

human civilization 人类文明

cradle of culture 文化摇篮

mainstream culture 主流文化

cultural traditions 文化传统

national pride 民族自豪感

local customs and practices 风土人情

attract people’s eyes 吸引人们的眼球

artistic taste 艺术品味

cornerstone 基石

be closely interrelated with… 与…有密切关系

adhere to the tradition 坚持传统

architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为

carry forward… 弘扬…

cultural needs 文化需求

reputation 声望

maintain the world peace 维护世界和平

artistic reflection 艺术反应

give publicity to… 宣传…

burden 负担

cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的损失

national identity and value 民族特性和价值观

remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解

symbol 象征

artistic standards 艺术水准

enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎

cultural devolution 文化退化

cultural insights 文化视觉

learn about the world 了解世界

a thrilling experience 一段令人激动的经历

abstract 抽象的 concrete 具体的

move somebody to tears 使…感动流泪

get relaxed and entertained 得到放松和娱乐

venue 场所

have its value 有自己的价值

inspiration 灵感

scope of knowledge 知识面

lasting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品

abstruse 深奥的

break with old customs 抛弃传统

carry down from generation to generation 代代相传

advocate the new lifestyle 倡导新的生活方式

entertainment 娱乐

be different from… 与…不同

direct experience 直接经验

echo 共识

satiate people’s psychological demands 满足心理需求

attach more importance to… 更重视…

spiritual enhancement 精神升华

a mirror of… …的一面镜子

determinant 决定性因素

eclipse 使…相形见绌

contribute to… 有助于…

a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意的感觉

pastimes 消遣方式

nurture imagination 培养想象力

meditation 沉思

the essence of immortality 永恒的精髓

instructive 有启发性的 edification 熏陶

arouse one’s curiosity about something 引发某人对某事的好奇心

enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人知识

value of knowledge 知识的价值

cultural differences 文化差异

Time is fleeting and art is long.时光飞逝，艺术永恒。

五、环保类必背词汇

vivisection 活体解剖

perform experiments on animals 在动物身上做实验

test animals 用于实验的动物

be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验

animal rights 动物权利

clinical research 临床研究

cruel 残忍的

extremist 极端主义者

medical research 医学研究

origin of species 物种起源

alternative method 替代的方法

biological diversity 生物多样性

natural balance 自然平衡

equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡

coexistence 共存

endangered animals 濒危动物

diversity of species 物种多样性

shameless 无耻的 barbaric 野蛮的

live and let live 活着就是与万物共存

meaningless 没有意义

dominant species 优势物种

laboratory 实验室

vaccine 疫苗

infringement 践踏

right to live 生存权

torture 折磨

anti-science 反科学

life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病

scientific gains 科学成果

an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题

evolution 进化

computer simulation 电脑模拟

groundless 没有理由的 humane 人道的

medical technology 医疗技术

anatomy 解剖

equal 公平

unreliable 不可信赖的 valid 有效的，正当的

usher in a brand-new lifestyle 带来一种崭新的生活方式

enrich people’s spiritual life 丰富人们的精神生活

lead to the extinction of some species 导致一些物种的没绝

penetrate every corner of our life and be impressive 渗透到生活的方方面面并且给我们留下深刻的印象

protection of wild animals 野生动物保护

provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants 给野生动植物提供栖息地

make an important step 迈出重要一步

advocate civilized lifestyle 倡导文明的生活方式

intensified competition 激烈的竞争

be based on 基于

set(present)a bad example to 给某人树立坏的榜样

be a root of all evil 是万恶之源

maintain a natural balance 维护自然平衡

meet the demands of people 迎合和满足人们的需求

account for 解释，占到

protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment 保护和促进生存环境和生态环境

seize opportunities 抓住机遇

devote oneself to… 投身于…

be dedicated to… 致力于…

mirror human civilization 体现人类文明

share views similar to… 与…持有相同的观点

help each other forward 携手共进

have cooperative ties with 与…有合作关系

be a direct result of… 是…的直接结果

have no apparent connection to 与…没有显著关系

deserve to be mentioned 值得一提

pattern of life 生活方式

to one’s heart’s content 称心如意

be filled with confidence and strength 充满信心和力量

create the course of 开创了…的历程

enter a new period 进入新时期

have a far-reaching impact on 对…产生深远的影响

pursue progress 追求进步

look forward to the bright future 展望未来

be accustomed to习惯于

give full play to… 充分发挥…

emotional comfort 情感慰藉

rely on… 依赖…

六、科技类必背词汇

advanced science 尖端科学

scientific invention 科学发明

exert a far-reaching impact on… 对…产生深远的影响

double-edged sword 双刃剑

airplane 飞机

pave the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路

lay a solid foundation for… 为…打下良好的基础

energy crisis 能源危机

depletion of resources 能源消耗

milestone 里程碑

sophisticated equipment 尖端设备

technical innovation 科技创新

expediency 权宜之计

antithetical 与…背道而驰的

over-commercialized 过度商业化的 a heated discussion 热烈的讨论

exhaust gas 废气

disastrous 灾难性的

overshadow 使…相形见绌

compared to/with… 与…相比

usher in 引领

speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适

opposite forces 负面影响

a fatal breakdown 致命故障

potential hazards 潜在危险

pose a threat to… 对…产生威胁

promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展

accelerate 加速…

means of transportation 交通方式

transportation tools 交通工具

social status 社会地位

environmentally-friendly resources 环保的资源

make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便

alternative fuel 可替代燃料

sustainable development 可持续性发展

scientific exploration 科学探索

air travel 航空旅行

ridiculous 可笑的 absurd 荒唐的 substitute 取代

overcome difficulties 克服困难

make progress 取得进步

a sense of national pride 民族自豪感

unprecedented 前所未有的 soaring 不断上升的

give a great push to the economic growth 极大地推动经济发展

see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展

aggravate 使恶化

optimize 优化

cure-all solution 万能良药

automobile industry 汽车工业

boost the economic development 促进经济发展

levy the tax 征税

modernization 现代化

be viewed as… 被视为是…

be concerned about… 对…担忧，关注…

pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料

luxury 奢侈品

chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒

fill…with… 使…充斥着…

popularization of cars 汽车普及

lay more emphasis on… 把重心放在…

observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则

break traffic regulations 违反交通规则

get struck in traffic 遇上堵车

rush hour 上下班高峰时间

ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力

pedestrian 行人

pavement 人行道

zebra crossing 斑马线

over speed 超速行驶

bottleneck 交通堵塞地区

settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律

impose restrictions on… 对…实施限制

short-sighted 目光短浅的

non-renewable resources 不可再生资源

carbon dioxide 二氧化碳

a pillar industry 支柱产业

make full use of… 充分利用

road networks 公路网

speed limits 限速

enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量

pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价

promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展

traffic engineering 交通运输工程

the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量

call for… 需要…

overcrowded 过度拥挤的 violator 违规者

headache 令人头痛的事

traffic accidents 交通事故

head-way 进展

conflict with… 与…相冲突

major cause 主要原因

be replaced by… 被…所取代

provide convenience for… 为…提供便利

curb 限制

dilemma 进退两难

encourage somebody to do something 鼓励某人去做某事

energy-saving 节能的

marketable products 畅销产品

potential market 潜在市场

in view of 考虑到

be tempted into an unhealthy lifestyle 从而过上一种不健康的生活方式

jump into our sight 映入眼帘

fake and exaggerated information 虚假信息

be deceptive and misleading 具有欺骗性和误导性

high-tech products 高科技产品

perfect services 完善服务

in all walks of life 在各行各业

commercialized society 商品社会

place equal focus on 给予同等关注

artificial intelligence 人工智能

cyber-trap 网络陷阱

be led astray 被引入歧途

an irresistible trend 必然的趋势

play a major role in 在…方面起到重要的作用

pirated software 盗版软件

pirated books 盗版书

time-consuming 耗时的 energy-consuming 费力的 mistake…for… 将…误认为…

make important contributions to 对…作出重要的贡献

recreational activities 娱乐活动

stimulate one’s imagination and interest in something 刺激人们的想象力和对…的兴趣

accelerate the flow of information 加速信息的流动

provide more business opportunities 提供更多的商业机会

exercise(implement)censorship in a comprehensive way 对…实施广泛的审查性措施

bring both opportunities and challenges to 给…既带来机遇也带来挑战

handicap the development of 阻碍…的发展

raise the standard of living 提高生活水平

e-business 电子商务

shopping online 网上购物

enjoy great popularity 非常盛行

virtual reality 虚拟现实

intellectual property rights 知识产权

meet personalized needs 迎合个性化需求

七、教育类必背词汇

adapt oneself to the development of 使自己适应…的发展

narrow the gap between 缩小…的鸿沟

lighten the burden of 减轻…的负担

comprehensive knowledge 广播的知识

distance education远程教育

enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段

be attractive to somebody 对…具有吸引力

eye-catching 极好的。极快的 eye-dazzling 极好的，极快的 fascinating 极好的 appealing 极好的

multimedia teaching 多媒体教学

solid professional working experience 扎实的职业工作经验

vocational education 职业教育

down-to-earth 切合实际的

enjoy equal rights 享有平等权利

receive education 接受教育

thought-provoking 引人深思的

enlightening 有启迪的 far-reaching 深远的

never-ending 永不停息的 perplexing 令人困惑的 overwhelming 压倒一切的

cultural diversity 文化的多元性

insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的 exchange experience 交流经验

undertake the due obligations 承担责任

offer a chance of education 提供教育机会

give a big push to the development of education 给予教育极大的推动

vocational guidance 职业指导

vocational training 职业训练

face possible pressure and competition 迎接可能的压力和竞争

be easily taken in by 容易受到某人或某事的欺骗

exam-oriented education 应试教育

knowledge-intensive 知识密集型的

education for all-round development 全面发展教育

have quick and easy access to something 快捷、方便地接触到…

develop our creative mind 培养我们的创造性思维

fake diplomas 假文凭

embrace the knowledge economy age 拥抱知识经济时代

renew knowledge 更新知识

people-oriented 以人为本的 compulsory education 义务教育

widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面

enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富社会经验和生活阅历

enlarge one’s view 拓展知识面

broaden one’s horizons 拓展知识面

realize the value of life 实现生命价值

grasp good communication skills 掌握良好的交流技能

remove misunderstanding and discrimination 消除误解和歧视

improve cultural integration and globalization 促进文化融合和文化全球化

cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养强烈的责任感

promote social skills and competence 提高社会能力和竞争力

make contribution to society 对社会做出贡献

quality education 素质教育

cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流

rote learning 死记硬背

concentrate one’s attention on 关注…

student-oriented education 以学生为主体的教育

bias of culture 文化偏见

system of education 教育体制

tap one’s potential 挖掘某人的潜能

Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.教育不是注满木桶水，而是点燃火。

ambiguity 歧义

denotation 字面意思

connotation 暗含意思

impractical 不切实际的

intellectual development 智力发展

interaction 交流

thinking capacity 思考能力

universal language 通用语

linguistic studies 语言学研究

a means of communication 交流途径

mechanical translation 机械翻译

untranslatable 不可翻译的

develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能

verbal communication 口头交流

grammatical rules 语法规则

context 语境

core 核心

translation 笔译

interpretation 口译

a complex progress 一个复杂过程

cream 精华

cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维

obscure 晦涩的

readability 朗朗上口

an unrealistic dream 一个不切实际的梦

comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识

communicate with others directly and freely 与他人直接自由交流

face-to-face communication 面对面交流

stimulate one’s interest 激发…的兴趣

help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way 帮助孩子更生动、互动地学习一门外语

miraculous 令人惊叹的

increase efficiency 提高效率

easy accessibility 易于操作

make astounding advances 突飞猛进

enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富教学手段

expertise 专业知识

flourishing 繁荣兴旺的

speedy communication 快速的交流

read between the lines 读懂暗含的意思

language acquisition 语言习得

term 术语

implication 含义

be full aware of… 充分意识到

optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的 drawback 弊端

precious gift 宝贵的礼物

linguist 语言学家

mission impossible 不可能完成的任务

第二篇：托福写作词汇

写作关键用词及短语汇总 数量词

一些 a range of;a variety of;a series of;an array of 无数 innumerable;countless 许多 plenty of;many;much;a great deal of;a lot of;ample 非常多（大）的 tremendous 依序列举 list in sequence

时间词

过时的 outdated;antiquated;outmoded;obsolete;anachronistic 短暂的 ephemeral;transitory;transient;short-lived 不合时宜的 anachronism 可持久的 durable;able to stand wear;last a long time 一再 time after time;again and again 初始的 preliminary 前述的 aforementioned;aforesaid;former 自古到今 from ancient times to the present day;down through the ages 年轻人 young people;youngster;youth;young adult 老式的 old-fashioned;out of date;dated 偶尔 from time to time;now and then;once in a while;at times 时常 often;frequently;repeatedly 永远的 eternal;perpetual;lasting throughout life 重整办事优先顺序 reshape priorities 目前 so far;by far 一次就可完成的事 one-time event 正/反意见（opinion）骂 yell at;reprimand;chide;scold;reprove 支持 support;endorse;back up;uphold 谴责 condemn;express strong disapproval of 错的 mistaken;erroneous;wrong incorrect 错事 wrongdoing;had acts;misbehavior 做相反的 do the reverse of;do the opposite 归咎 blame…on;put the blame on …;…is to blame 瓦解 disintegrate;break up;separate into small parts 支持某一方 in favor of;on the side of 不会犯错的 infallible 意见不和 clashes of opinion 一致的 unanimous;in complete agreement 不恰当 inappropriate;improper;unsuitable;inadequate 批判 criticize;blame;find fault with;make judgments of the merits and faults of… 我们想念…we are convinced that…;we are certain that..我愿意 I incline to;I am inclined to;I am willing to;I tend to 有用的 useful;of use;serviceable;good for;instrumental;productive 有意义的 meaningful;fulfilling 他们不愿承认这一点 they have always been reluctant to admit this… 在大家同意下 by common consent of… 否定 deny;withhold;negate 承认 admit;acknowledge;confess;concede 于事无补 of no help;of no avail;no use 使…受益 benefit…;do good to…;is good for…;is of great benefit to…

成语及俗语及搭配方式

想法 frame of mind;mind set;the way one is thinking 想出 come up with 找出 come up with;find out 利用 use;take advantage of 夸耀 brag about;boast about;show off;speak too highly of 照顾 take care of;take charge of;attend to;watch over 对…很了解 have a deep knowledge of… 对抗权威 stand up against authority;resisit boldly the authority 对…有信心 have confidence in 说清楚 articulate;verbalize;put in words;utter 接受…之美意 embrace the offer of… 累积 amass;accumulate;heap up;assemble 连系 tact;get in touch with;contact with 排除这可能性 rule out the possibility 等于 is equivalent to;equal 选择 choose;elect;opt for;pick;single out 发出 deliver;give out;hand over 绕路 detour;take a detour;take a roundabout way 禁止进入 is kept out;is barred from 小看 make little of 坏了 out of order;on the blink;is not working 分别 distinguish between;make a distinction between;tell…from 依靠 count on;depend on 忽视 neglect;give too little care to 存在 come to be;come into existence;come to birth;come into being 考虑 consider;take into consideration;take into account 考虑到 in consideration of 用尽力气 exhaust one’s strength;use up one’s strength 开动 initiate;set going 准备…brace for;prepare for 在于 lie in;rest on;rest with 主动 take the initiative 不算 exclusive of;not counting;leaving out 应该得到 deserve;have right to;is worthy of 避免 avoid;shun;get around;circumvent 幻想 fantasy;play of the mind 以此标准来算 by this criterion;by this standard 乍看之下 at first glance 面对 in the face of;in the presence of 以 by means of;by virtue of;by the use of 不惜代价 at all costs 每况愈下 from bad to worse 承受错误造成的后果 in reaping the harvest of his mistakes 取得同意…get the go-ahead to 不择手段 unscrupulously;by hook or by crook 想法与作法 beliefs and practices 内情 ins and outs;turns and twists 关键时刻 the critical moment 虽然 although;notwithstanding;albeit;though

功能用法与功能词用法

根据 according to;on the basis of;on the ground of(that);in the light of;in line with;in accordance with 逃避问题 evade the question 增大 enlarge;extend;aggrandize 澄清 clarify;make clear 赔偿 compensate for;give…as compensation for 实现 carry out;implement;realize;make…come true 假定 suppose;assume;postulate;hypothesize 极端的 radical;extreme 极端的措施 drastic measures 剩下的 the rest;the remainder;what is left 换言之 in other words;put another way 结果 result;aftermath;consequence 优点 advantage;strength;strong point;merit;benefit 简言之 put simply;in short;in brief;in a nutshell 举例而言 for instance;for example;to illustrate;let us cite 特别是 an illustration;to cite a concrete case 特别是 especially;more than others;particularly;in particular 既然…now that…;seeing that… 迹象 inkling;hint;clue;a slight suggestion 缺点 disadvantage;demerit;shortcoming;drawback;weakness 除去 do away with;eliminate;remove;get rid of 缺少 for lack of;for a deficiency of 毕竟 after all;all in all 范围 scope;field;realm 潜力 potential;行为 conduct;behavior;doings 隔绝 isolate;insulate 分辨出 identify;recognize 不易懂的 elusive;hard to understand 展开 unfold 回馈 feedback 主导的人物 a dominant figure;a controlling man;the most influential person 观点 viewpoint;point of view;perspective;standpoint 正在进行中 is underway 只是一种姿态 is merely a gesture 立场 position;stand;stance 意向 inclination;leaning;intention 特权 privilege;a special right 来自 stem from;come from 一件事的不同说法 alternative statements of fact

写作关键（常用词）

交织 intertwine;interweave 好奇心 the eager desire to know;curiosity 尊敬 respect;esteem;think highly of 顽固的 headstrong;obstinate;stubborn 暗淡的 gloomy;dark;dim 巨大的 huge;gigantic;colossal;vast;enormous;tremendous 探索 explore;fathom 执行 carry out;execute;do 现代 modern times;modern age;contemporary age 偏见 prejudice;bias;partiality;predilection 混乱 chaos;commotion;confusion;disturbance;tumult 无弹性（僵硬）rigid 无缺点的 flawless;airtight 无药可救 incurable 无法避免的 unavoidable;inevitable 细密的计划 elaborate plan 取消 cancel;annul;abolish 解药 a cure for…;a remedy for;谜 puzzle;riddle;enigma 机会平等 equality of opportunity 较有影响力的国家 a predominant country 遵守 abide by;conform to;observe;comply with 热情的 passionate;ardent;zealous 模糊的 ambiguous;vague;obscure 影响长远的 far-reaching 失望 despair;loss of hope;without hope 幼稚 childish;childlike;naïve 挑剔的 picky;choosy;fastidious 破坏 destroy;ruin;break to pieces;devasate 技巧的 skillful;adept;dexterous 警觉的 alert;watchful;on guard;wary of 忍受 bear;put up with;endure;stand 证据 evidence;facts;proof;grounds;testimony 很容易地 easily;with little problem;with little hindrance 令人惊讶的 amazing;astonishing;astounding 生动的报导 vivid description 争取 compete for;try hard to win 遗产 heritage;legacy;inheritance 保护 protect;safeguard;preserve;shelter 了解 understand;comprehend;catch the meaning of;catch on 汇露 reveal;make known;disclose 放大 amplify;magnify;enlarge 动力 impetus;driving force;momentum 自满的 complacent 第一流的 first-rate;excellent 安全处 refuge;asylum;haven;sanctuary 强调 emphasize;stress;highlight 短视的决定 short-sighted decision 真正的 genuine;authentic;real 怪异的 eccentric;peculiar;odd 明显的 distinct;clear;explicit;obvious 得到…的注意 capture one’s attention 事事干涉的 meddlesome;interfering 背景 setting;background 假的 fake;false;counterfeit 夸大报导 dramatize 退步 setback 古人 the ancients 古老的 old;ancient;archaeic 逃犯 infringe(on);violate 使害怕 intimidate;frighten 带来生气 enliven 对手 rival 吸引人的 intriguing 旁观者 onlooker 准确地说 to be exact;to be precise;precisely 突然醒悟 it dawned on me that 仔细思考之后 after long deliberation;after careful thought 对比及其相关用词 可互换的 interchangeable 可与…相比 is comparable with(to)普遍的 prevailing;common;prevalent 是一个对比 is a sharp contrast to 比作 is likened to;is compared to 多样化的 heterogeneous 单一性的 homogeneous

写作关系/逻辑用词

一般而言 in general;generally speaking;by and large 满于现状 be happy with what you are 预测未来 project into the future 另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is… 不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of… 评估社会文化因素 assess(evaluate)sociocultural factors 那并非说… that does not mean that…

那有这回事 there is no such thing as 一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is… 由…造成 caused by;attributable to;due to;resulting from 由…组成 is made up of…;is comprised of;consist 必须从两方面考虑此问题 this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions: 限制 limit;restrict;refrain;restrain;keep within limits;confine;keep in check 一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that… 这方法有陷阱 the method had pitfalls: 说服 convince;persuade;cause to believe 具体的 specific;concrete;tangible 刻意的 intentional;on purpose;intended 费时间去了 解…take time to acquaint oneself with… …是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue 无法估计 is beyond calculation;incalculable 无资格的 disqualified

第三篇：托福写作如何利用词汇

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托福写作如何利用词汇

一般来说，托福写作词汇使用有3方面的技巧：选词时要符合语言习惯并与社会文化诸多背景一致;选词时要考虑主题、对象及情景;应把握好英语和汉语词汇无法对应的部分。

技巧

一、托福写作词汇的选择要符合语言习惯

由于东西方社会历史文化的差异，许多词所引申或代表的内容也大相径庭，Phoenix在西方象征“复活”、“再生”，而汉语的这一词却表示“祥瑞”。

如果没有广泛的阅读积累，养成经常查字典的良好习惯，单凭想当然地选词，势必会词不达意。即使同一事物，在美国和英国也可能有不同的表达。

技巧

二、在托福写作考试中特别要注意区分同义词

由于历史的原因，现代英语除本族语外，还包括大量的法语和拉丁来源的饲，这就使英语的同义词相当丰富。总的来讲，英语本族语大多是短词，小词，听起来朴素)亲切，大量用于口头表达：法语来源的词庄重文雅，多与行政、宗教、军事、服饰等有关;拉丁来源的词，书卷味浓，如ask，question，inter-rogate这三个不同来源的同义词在不同的主题、对象、情景下用法就不一样。同义词除了来源的不同会影响措词的选择外，它们在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。

比如“瘦”可以用slender，slim，lean，thin，underweight，gaunt，lanky，skinny等来表达，而sleder表示“苗条”是褒义的，skinny却是贬义的，underweight则是中性的词。即使同是褒义词，表达的感情色彩也不同。比如little和petite两个同义词当用来描绘女子时，都意为“个子小”的，但petite同时还有“匀称”的意义，而 little更强调“可爱的”或“可怜的”，根据不同的上下文，它还有“纤小”、“娇小”或“弱小”等不同意义。因此在选词表达思想时，一定要分清主题，对象及情景。技巧

三、措词选择应把握好英语和汉语词汇无法对应的部分

不是所有的托福写作词汇都有相应的汉语表达，一些不同的英语词汇也有可能用同样的汉语来表达，这就使我们在用英语来表达思想对面临更多选择上的困难。比如 family和home两词都可译成汉语的“家”，但它们却不是同义词。Family主要指家庭成员，与人有关，而home主要指所居住的地点、住宅。Except和besides有时都译成同样的汉语“除了”，但他们的意思却是相反的。

因此我们不能依赖于单纯的汉语译意。否则我们可能会被误导。尽管许多英语对应的汉语词汇都能表达它们真正的意思，但往往有些英语词汇没有准确的汉语对应词;所以只有在不同的上下文中才能确定它们真正的意思，比如send一词，如果单把它理解成汉语的“送”的话，象这样的句子“她送信给我”也许会被写成 she sent me the letter.所以经过上文的讨论，我们发现在托福写作考试中，托福写作词汇的运用还是很有一番学问的，考生在实际运用中要特别注意。

第四篇：英语写作常用词汇及词组

英语写作常用词汇及词组

· 表层进· 表举例· 表解释· 表总结· 表强调· 表让步· 表比较· 表转折· 表时间

表层进

first, firstly to begin with

second, secondly to start with

third, thirdly what's more

also and then

and equally important

besides in addition

further in the first place

still furthermore

last last but not the least

next besides

too moreover

finally

表举例

for example for instance

to illustrate as an illustration

after all

表解释

as a matter of fact frankly speaking

in this case namely

in other words

表总结

in summary in a word

in brief in conclusion

to conclude in fact

indeed in short

in other words of course

it is true specially

namely in all

that is to summarize

thus as has been said

altogether in other words

finally in simpler terms

in particular that is

on the whole to put it differently

therefore

表强调

of course indeed

above all most important

emphasis certainly in fact

表让步

still nevertheless

in spite of all the same

even so after all

concession granted naturally

of course

表比较

in comparison likewise

similarly equally

however likewise

in the same way

表转折

by contrast although

at the same time but

in contrast nevertheless

notwithstanding on the contrary

on the other hand otherwise

regardless still

though yet

despite the fact that even so

even though for all that

however in spite of

instead

表时间

after a while afterward

again also

and then as long as

at last at length

at that time before

besides earlier

eventually finally

formerly further

furthermore in addition

in the first place in the past

last lately

meanwhile moreover

next now

presently second

shortly simultaneously

since so far

soon still

subsequently then

thereafter too

until until now

when

段首句:

（一）对立观点命题形式的首句：

1.Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B , while others think quite differently on the issue of _____.Personally, I stand on the side of A.2.Some people say A , other people argue B.In a word , _____.But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons.3.There are different views concerning this topic.Some people like to CHOOSE A , some prefer to CHOOSE B.Personally , I prefer B.I think B has more advantages.4.From my point of view , it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B.5.Despite the fact that most people prefer A , I would like to choose B because the following reasons.6.In general , I prefer to _____.7.As far as I am concerned , I would like to prefer _____.8.When it comes to _____ , most people tend to believe A.But others consider B as _____.9.When asked about _____ , the vast majority of people would support that A.But others regard B as _____.10.At the risk of address the issue too direct , I prefer A because I think that _____.11.When asked about _____ , many people give their opinions that _____ , but other people may see _____ differently.12.When faced with _____ , quite a few would claim that _____ , but others , in contrast , deem _____ as _____.13.When inquired about _____ , the vast majority of people would like to _____ , but other people , who hold an opposite view , consider _____ as _____.14.When _____ is mentioned _____ , most people believe that _____ , but other people would rather think _____ as _____.15.While many people may stick to me idea that _____ , I would like to prefer _____.（二）单一观点式

A.Agree

1.One of the greatest writers once said that _____.Now , it still has its significant realistic value.2.I would follow the reasoning that _____.3.Many people advocate that _____.They claim that _____.My opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons.4.I totally agree with the statement that _____.The reasons are presented below.5.After pondering this question on many occasions , I finally reached the conclusion that _____ is something worthy to do and I cannot skip it.6.my arguments for point are listed as follows.7.I agree with the above statement because _____.8.Nowhere in the world has the issue of _____ been so much debated like in our society.9.I agree with the statement that _____ without reservation because _____.10.Thinking logically , I can only say that the title statement is valid because _____.11.I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that _____.12.Some may hold the opinion that AAA.But others have a negative attitude.As far as I am concerned , I agree that _____.13.Many one have the idea that AAA.However , many others disagree with this argument.But both side of the problem whether _____ are supported by good reasons.14.Recently , it has been much debated over the problem of AAA.Those who object to AAA announce that _____.But those who favor AAA utter a sonorous voice that _____.15.Recently , there is vehement discussion on the issue of _____.Those who criticize _____ argue that _____.They claim that _____.But people who firmly advocate _____ , on the other hand , argue that _____.16.There is a much-debated problem today about _____.Those who object to _____ argue that _____.They are very sure about _____.But people who prefer _____ , on the other hand , claim that _____.B.Disagree

1.Until recently , _____ was viewed as _____.But people are taking a fresh look at it.2.Recently , we often hear about _____.But is it ?

3.These days , it is often heard about _____.But is this really the truth ?

4.I feel such an attitude is negative , and that it can bring _____.5.Some people argue as if it is a general truth that _____.But to be frank , I cannot agree with them for the flowing reasons.6.Despite the fact that many people believe that _____ , I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis.7.Although some people hold the opinion that _____ , I wonder whether the argument could bear close examination.8.In the nationwide , discussion , many people argue that _____.But I can say nothing but _____.9.Advocates of AAA proclaim that _____ , but I _____.10.Until recently , _____ was regarded as _____.But _____.11.Some people think that _____ , but I disagree with this opinion for numerous reasons , as presented below.12.Now , it is increasingly mentioned that _____.Such people think _____.But I can only cast doubt on whether _____.13.Now , it is widely believed that _____.These people think _____.But I wonder if _____.14.I cannot totally the idea that _____.Because , in my point of view , I believe _____.15.As a matter of fact , I support that _____ , but I cannot agree with the title statement.16.Nowadays , it is widely held that _____.People of this kind think _____.But I doubt whether _____.结尾句:

1.Taking into account of all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that _____.2.All reliable evidences point to one saying , that is _____.3.For the reasons presented above , I strongly commit to the notion that _____.4.While it is true that _____ , I think that _____.5.Given the factors I have just outlined , I can only say that _____.6.This is not to say that _____.But in terms of _____ , it is _____.7.Therefore , it is easy to draw the conclusion that _____.8.Recognizing the fact that _____ should drive us to conclude that _____.9.To put all into a nutshell , I _____.10.In a word , I support the statement that it is better to _____ because

短文写作的基本模式

（一）议论文

(1)

It is generally believed that..is a hot topic which is widely talked about both at home and abroad.Now our government attaches great importance to solving this problem.Scicntists in this field have put forward a number of suggestions tending to relieve it.To begin with,we should..Furthermore,..It is clear that..People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people think that..According to them,all of us should..Others argue that..In their opinion,nobody can..without..There is no doubt that..As a consequence..In short,I firmly support the view that..It is because..So my conclusion is that..(107 words)

(2)

There is no denying the fact that … is popular topic which is much talked about not only by …, but also by … It is generally thought that … The reasons for … are as follows.To begin with, … Secondly , … Therefore,we should attach great significance to solving the problem.There are , I think ,at least two possible ways to cope with it.The first way to tackle it is to appeal to the authorities to take drastic measures to(do)… The other policy that is worth adopting is to work out new regulations to(do)… Only in this way can we succeed in dealing with the problem in the near future.To conclude ,it seems obvious … So the prospect we are looking forward to will be both bright and encouraging.(127 words)

（二）图表作文

As is shown in the table(or in the picutre), … dropped from … in 1996.According to the figures given in the table, … has greatly increased(or decreased)in the past … years(or decades), reaching … in 1996.From the table we can also see that there has been a sharp decline(or rise)in … It is clear that …

There are at least two good reasons for … On the one hand, … Let’s have an example to illustrate the great increase in … On the other hand, … is due to the fact that … In addition, … is responsible for … Maybe there are some other reasons to show … But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.As far as I am concerned, I believe that …… I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.(126 words)

第五篇：托福 TPO31独立写作

托福 TPO31独立写作题目

Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because the world is changing so quickly, people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福 TPO31 独立写作范文 ：

In modern society, there is no denying that our paces speed up.A small proportion of people who cannot keep up with this trend or resist the world for the fittest, may hold a viewpoint that a mutable society leads people to less satisfaction and mitigation of sense of happiness since such a world might cause the alienation between good fellows and contamination of our environment;however, in my view, it is not the case.As a matter of fact, in a world changing more rapidly, people tend to become satisfied much more easily.First illustration which can demonstrate my opinion can be the trail of technological development.In the past five decades, millions of new inventions had appeared, entering our daily life, making it much more convenient.To name a good example, in 1896,Benz assembled the first three-wheel car in the world.Though it brought accidents and mortality to the world, we cannot deny the enjoyment of ferocious speed brought by cars, which made our jaunt convenient.We can simply drop by a old friend 100 miles, a distance taking at least half day before, away in one hour.Another good instance is the invention of smart phone.in 1972, Martin, the chief engineer in Moto devised the first portable telephone.Then, this innovation revolutionized out life.Just simply imagine what our life looked like without cell phones: people could not keep contact with their friends and exigent messages might be blocked.Then in 2007, Steve Jobs brought iPhone with Facetime to the world.The most significant aspect of Facetime is that this app allows us to communicate with actual image, not just voices.Then, how can we state that modern society steals the sense of fraternity among people? Second demonstration which can help me develop my view that a rapidly changing society makes people more satisfied is the use of new energy resources.We may still remember the Great Smog, one of the gravest air pollution accidents in our history due to the heavily gathered inversion layer of sulfur dioxide originated with burning of coal in 1950s, London.People died of respiratory diseases after inhalation of poisonous air.How can they live happily in a world brimmed with pollutions? But nowadays, we have developed new energy resources to tackle this problem such as hydropower and wind power.To name an example, in 2007, nuclear power plants generate 14% of the total electricity of the US, thus saving tons of coals and reducing the level of inhalable particles.Recently, governments and organizations have taken measures to support researches of renewable resources and to find substitutes for fossil fuels.Natural reserves and sanctuaries are established, places of interest and spots are refurbished, and factories and manufacturers with pestilent exhaust are shut down.People therefore are provided with much more opportunities to relax by enjoying the beauty of nature.To draw a conclusion, in a world that is rapidly changing, we are offered a variety of brand-new experiences and highly evolved products, which make life much easier than before.We are in a world filled with convenience brought by high technologies that develop so fast.Then, how can we blame on the changing world while enjoying happiness and satisfactions originated from them?