第一篇：中国古诗词英译50份
中国古诗词英译
第一部分 由许渊冲翻译 关雎
关关雎鸠,在河之洲.窈窕淑女,君子好逑.参差荇菜,左右流之.窈窕淑女,妩媚求之.求之不得,妩媚思服.优哉游哉,辗转反侧.参差荇菜,左右采之.窈窕淑女,琴瑟友之.参差荇菜,左右毛之.窈窕淑女,钟鼓乐之.Cooing And Wooing By riverside are cooing;A pair of turtledoves;A good young man is wooing A fair maiden he loves.Water flows left and right;Of cress long here, short there;The youth yearns day and night;For the good maiden fair.His yearning grows so strong,He can not fall asleep,But tosses all night long, So deep in love, so deep!Now gather left and right;Cress long or short and tender!O lute, play music bright For the bride sweet and slender!Feast friends at left and right;On cress cooked till tender!O bells and drums, delight The bride so sweet and slender!大风歌
刘邦
大风起兮云飞扬,威加海内兮归故乡。安得猛士兮守四方！SONG OF THE GREAT WIND A great wind rises, oh!The clouds are driven away.I come to my native land, oh!Now the world is under my sway.Where can I brave men, oh!To guard my four frontiers today!垓下歌
项羽
力拔山兮气盖世，时不力兮驹不逝。驹不逝兮可奈何，虞兮虞兮耐若何！XIANG YU‘S LAST SONG
I could pull mountains down, oh!With main and might, But my good fortune wanes, oh!My steed won‘t fight.Whether my steed will fight, oh!I do not care.What can I do with you, oh!My lady fair!龟虽寿
曹操
神龟虽寿，尤有竟时。腾蛇乘雾，终为土灰。老骥伏枥，志在千里。烈士暮年，壮心不已。盈缩之期，不但在天；养怡之福，可得永年。幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。
INDOMITABLE SOUL
Although long lives the tortoise wise，In the end he can not but die.The serpent in the mist may rise，But in the dust he too shall die.Although the stabled steed is old，He dreams to run for mile and mile.In life‘s December heroes bold
Won‘t change indomitable style.It‘s not up to Heaven alone
To lengthen or shorten our day.To a great age we can live on，If we keep it fit, cheerful and gay.How happy I feel at this thought!
I croon this poem as I ought.七步诗
曹植
煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釜中泣。本是同根生，相煎何太急。WRITTEN WHILE TAKING SEVEN PACES Pods burned to cook peas, Peas weep in the pot: ―Grown from same root, please,Why boil us so hot?‖
神情诗
顾恺之
春水满四泽，夏云多奇峰。秋月扬明辉，冬岭修寒松。SPIRIT OF THE FOUR SEASONS Spring water overbrims the streams;Summer could fancy peaks outshines;The autumn moon sheds brilliant;On winter cliffs stand cold-proof pines.归园田居
陶渊明
种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。晨兴理荒秽，带月荷锄归。道狭草木长，夕露沾我衣。衣沾不足惜，但使愿无违。RETURN TO NATURE I sow beans‘ neath southern hill;Bean shoots are lost where weeds o‘ er the path grow.I weed at dawn though early still;I plod home with my moonlit hoe.The path is narrow, grasses tall,With evening dew my clothes wet, To which I pay no heed at all,If my desire can but be met.回乡偶书
贺之章
（一）少小离家老大回，乡音未改鬓毛衰。儿童相见不相识，笑问客从何处来。IHOME-COMING Old, I return to the homeland while young, Thinner has grown my hair, though I speak the same tongue.My children, whom I meet, do not know am i.―Where are you from, dear sir?‖ they ask with beaming eye.（二）离别家乡岁月多，近来人事半消磨。惟有门前镜湖水，春风不改旧时波。Since I left my homeland, so many years has passed, So such has faded away and so little can last.Only in Mirror Lake before my very door The vernal wind still ripples the water as before.在狱咏蝉
骆宾王
西陆蝉声唱，南冠客思深。不堪玄鬓影，来对白头吟。露重飞难进，风多响易沉。无人信高洁，谁为表予心。THE CICADA HEARD IN PRISON Of autumn the cicada sings;In prison I‘m worn out with care.How can I bear its blue-black which remind me of my gtey hair? Heavy with dew, it can not fly;Drowned in the wind, its song‘s not heard.Who would believe its spirit high? Could I express my grief in word? 登鹳雀楼
王之涣
白日依山尽，黄河入海流。欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。ON THE STOCK TOWER The sun beyond the mountain glows;The Yellow River seawards flows.You can enjoy a great sight
By climbing to a greater height.春晓
孟浩然
春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。夜来风雨声，花落知多少。SPRING MORNING This spring morning in bed I‘m lying, Not to awake till birds are crying.After one night of wind and showers, How many are the fallen flowers? 从军行
王昌龄
青海长云暗雪山，古城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。ARMY LIFE Clouds on frontier have darkened mountains clad in snow;The town with Gate of Jade stands far away, forlorn.We will not leave the desert till we beat the foe, Although in war our golden armour be outworn.静夜思
李白
床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。A TRANQUIL NIGHT Before my bed a pool of night—Can it be hoarfrost on the ground? Looking up, I find the moon bright;Bowing, In homesickness I‘m drowned.早发白帝城
李白
朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还。两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。LEAVING THE WHITE KING‘S TOWN AT DAWN
Leaving at dawn the White King crowned with rainbow cloud, I have sailed a thousand miles through Three Georges in a day.With monkeys‘ sad adieus the riverbanks are loud;My boat has left ten thought mountains far away.送友人
李白
青山横北郭，白水绕东城。此地一为别，孤蓬万里征。浮云游子意，落日故人情。挥手自兹去，萧萧班马鸣。FAREWELL TO A FRIEND
Green mountains bar the northern sky;White grids the eastern town.Here is the place to say goodbye;You‘ll drift like lonely thistledown.With floating cloud you‘ll float away;Like parting day I‘ll part from you.You wave your hand and go your way;Our steeds still neigh, ―adieu,adieu!‖ 黄鹤楼
崔颢
昔人已乘黄鹤去，此地空余黄鹤楼。黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。日暮乡关何处是？烟波江上使人愁。YELLOW CRANR TOWER The stage on yellow crane was gone amid clouds white.To what avail is Yellow Crane Tower left here? Once gone, the yellow crane will ne‘er on earth alight;Only white clouds still float in vain from year to year.By sunlit river trees can be count‘d one by one;
On Parrot Islet sweet green grass grows fast and thick.Where is native land beyond the setting sun? The mist-veiled waves of River Han make me homesick.春望
杜甫
国破山河在，城深草木深。感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。烽火连三月，家书抵万金。白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。SPRING VIEW On war-torn land streams flow and mountains stand;In towns unquiet grass and weeds run riot.Grieved o‘er the years, flowers are moved to tears;
Seeing us part, birds cry with broken heart.The beacon fire has gone higher and higher;Words from household are worth their weight in gold.I can not bear to scratch my grizzling hair;
It grows too thin to hold a light hairpin.枫桥夜泊
张继
月落乌啼霜满天，江枫渔火对愁眠。姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船。MOORING BY MAPLE BRIDGE AT NIGHT At moonset cry the crows, streaking the frosty sky;Dimly lit fishing boats ‗neath maples sadly lie.Beyond the city walls, from Temple of Cold Hill Bells break the ship-borne roamer‘s dream and midnight still.复得古原草送别
白居易
离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。远方侵古道，晴翠接荒城。又送王孙去，萋萋满别情。
GRASS ON THE ANCIENT PLAIN –FAREWELL TO A FRIEND Wild grasses spread o‘er ancient plain;With spring and fall they come and go.Wild fire can‘t burn them up;again They rise when vernal breezes blow.Their fragrance overruns the way;Their green invades the ruined town.To see friend go far away, My sorrow grows like grass o‘ er grown.乐游原
李商隐
向晚意不适，驱车登古原。夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。ON THE PLAIN OF TOMB At dusk my heart is filled with gloom;I drive my cab to ancient tomb.The setting sun seems to sublime,But it is nearing its dying time.江上渔者
范仲淹
江上往来人，但爱鲈鱼美。君看一叶舟，出没**里。THE FISHERMAN ON THE STREAM You go up and down stream;You love to eat the bream.Lo!The fishing boat braves,Perilous wind and waves.梦中作
欧阳修
风凉吹笛千山月，路暗迷人百种花。棋罢不知人换世，酒阑无余客思家。WRITING IN DREAM A flute has chilled the moon over a thousand hills;Dim sight is dazzled by a hundred daffodils.After a game of chess, the world has changed its face;Sobered from wine, can one not miss his native place? 绝句
李清照
生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。至今思项羽，不肯过江东。A QUATRAIN Be man of men while you are alive;
Be soul of souls e‘en though you‘re dead!Think of Xiang Yu who‘d not survive
His men, whose blood for him was shed.观书有感
朱熹
半亩方塘一鉴开，天光云影共徘徊。问渠哪得清如许？为有源头活水来。THE BOOK There lies a glassy oblong pool，Where light and shade pursue their course.How can it be so clear and cool?
For water fresh comes from its source.秋思
马致远
枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。AUTUMN THOUGHTS
Over old trees;Wreathed with rotten vines fly evening crows;Under a small bridge near a cottage a stream flows;On ancient road in the west wind a lean horse goes.Westward declines the sun;Far, far from home is the heartbroken one.石灰吟
于谦
千槌万凿出深山，烈火焚烧若等闲。粉身碎骨浑不怕，要留清白在人间。SONG TO THE LIME You come out of deep mountains after hammer blows;Under fire and water tortures you are not in woes.Though broken into pieces, you will have no fright;You‘ll purify the world by washing it e‘er white.泊船瓜洲
王安石
京口瓜洲一水间，钟山只隔数重山。春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。MOORED AT MELON ISLET A river severs Northern shore and Southern land;Between my home and me but a few mountains stand.The vernal wind has greened the Southern shore again.When will the moon shine bright on my return? O when? 过零丁洋
文天祥
辛苦遭逢起一经，干戈寥落四周星。山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。惶恐滩头说惶恐，零丁洋里叹零丁。人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青。SAILING ON LONELY OCEAN Delving in the Book of Change,I rose through hardship great, And desperately fought the foe for four long years.Like willow down the war-town land looks desolate;I sink or swim as duckweed in the rain appears.For the perils on Perilous Beach I have sighs;On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely.Since olden days there‘s never been a man but dies;I‘d leave a loyalist‘s name in history only.金缕衣
无名氏
劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君莫许少年时。有花堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。
THE GOLDEN DRESS Love not your golden dress, I pray, More then your youthful golden hours.Gather sweet blossoms while you may, And not the twig devoid of flowers!别董大
高适
千里黄云白日曛，北风吹雁雪纷纷。莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君。FAREWELL TO A LUTIST Yellow clouds spread for miles and miles have veiled the day, The north wind blows down snow and wild geese fly away.Fear not you‘ve no admirers as you go along!
There is no connoisseur on earth but loves your song.题滕王阁
王安石
滕王平昔好追游，高阁依然枕必流。胜地几经兴废事，夕阳偏照古今愁。城中树密千家市，天际人归一叶舟。极目沧波吟不尽，西山重叠乱云浮。PRINCE TENG‘S PAVILION
Pretty Teng was fond of visiting each pretty scene;His lofty tower still o‘erlooks the river green.The ups and downs of dynasties have come in view;The setting sun slants, laden with griefs old and new.The town is thick with trees that shade a thousand shops;The horizon is dotted with a sail that flops.Endlessly I sing of waves stretching out of sight And watch o‘er Western Hills cloud upon cloud in flight.第二部分
由孙大雨翻译： 登幽州台歌
前不见古人，后不见来者。念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下。Song on Ascending the Youzhou Terrace Descrying nor the ancients of long yore, Nor those that are to come in the future far, I muse on the eternity of heaven and earth.，And, all alone, grieve mutely with tears for my lorn star.赠汪伦
李白乘舟将欲行，忽闻岸上踏歌声。桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。To Wang Lun Li Bai embarking, just about to depart, On a sudden heareth tramping and songs on the strand.The Peach Bloom Deep, a thousand feet in depth, Runneth not so deep as Wang Lun‘s thoughts for me command.早发白帝城
朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还。两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。Embarking from Baidi Town at Early Morn Leaving Baidi on high at down
Among the clouds in blaze gay, A thousand li to Jiangling City
I sped within a day.Unceasingly the gibbons screeched
On both banks of the River, As my light skiff shot through the folds
Of mounts ten thousand with a whirr.枫桥夜泊
月落乌啼霜满天，江村渔火对愁眠。姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船。Night Mooring at Fengqiao Village The moon is sinking;a crow croaks a dreaming;‗Neath the night sky the frost casts a haze;Few fishing-boat lights of th‘river side village
Are dozing off in their mutual sad gaze.From the Cold Hill Bonzary outside
The city wall of Gusu town, The resounding bell is tolling its clangour
At midnight to the passenger ship down.江雪
千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。Snowing on the River Not a bird o‘er hundreds of peaks，Not a man on the thousands of trails.An old angler alone in a boat，With his rod and line, in raining outfit, Is fishing on the river midst th‘snowdrift.寻隐者不遇
松下问童子，严师采药去。只在此山中，云深不知处。A call on the Recluse Who Is Just Out I asked the boy beneath the pine tree，Who said, ―the master‘s gone herbs to pick;He must be some where around these clifts，Concealed unseen in the clouds thick‖.山行
远上寒山石径斜，白云深处有人家。停车坐看枫林晚，霜叶红于二月花。Mountain Trip Far up the mountainside the stone trail wound, Where the clouds were thick, there stood some abodes.I stopt my cart to watch the maple forest late With frost-bitten leaves more crimson than spring blooms.夜雨寄北
君问归期未有期，巴山夜雨涨秋池。何当共剪西窗烛，却话巴山夜雨时。Li Shangyin Lines Sent to the North Written during Night Rains
Being asked for my home-coming date, I tell thee I‘m not sure when that‘ll be,As night rains on the mounts of Ba fall And autumn pools are brimmed from the lea.Then we shall by the west window sit, Clipping the candle wick in some night，And talk of the night rains on th‘Ba mounts, When I think of thee with mute delight.题都城南庄
去年今日此门中，人面桃花相映红。人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风。Cui Hu In the Capital‘s Southern Village
On this same day last year within this door, A comely face and peach blooms together did glow.She I‘ve admired has gone I know not where，Th‘peach blooms are smiling still in th‘breeze to blow.乌衣巷
朱雀桥边野草花，乌衣巷口夕阳斜。旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家。Black Coat Lane
Liu Yuxi Wild nameless flowers by the Cinnabar Bird Bridge Are aglow in the last sun-beams in the Black Coat Lane.The swallows‘ fore the Wang and Xie noble mansions Now fly into the nobodies‘ home stalls.游子吟
慈母手中线，游子身上衣。临行密密缝，意恐迟迟归。谁言寸草心，报得三春晖？ The wandering Son‘s Song
The thread from my dear mother‘s hand
Was sewn in the clothes of her wandering son.For fear of my belated return, Before my leave they were closely woven.Who says mine heart like a blade of grass Could repay her love‘s gentle beams of spring sun? 九月九日忆山东兄弟
独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人。
Remembering My Brothers East of the Mountain on the Ninth Day of the Ninth Moon Being a stranger all alone
In a strange land far away, I think of my parents all the more
On a fair festival day.I know full well my brothers all
Would climb up the heights of a mount!Inserting cornus shoots in their hair，They‘d all miss one in their count.桃花源记
陶渊明
晋太元中,武陵人捕鱼为业,缘溪行,忘路之远近.忽逢桃花林,夹岸数百步,中无杂树,芳草鲜美,落英缤纷.渔人甚异之。复前行，欲穷其林。林尽水源，便得一山。山有小口，仿佛若有光，便舍船从口入。初极狭，才通人。复行数十步。豁然开朗，土地平旷，屋舍俨然。有良田美池桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。见渔人，乃大惊。问所从来，具答之。便邀还家，以设酒杀鸡作食。
村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人，来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言，所闻皆叹惋。余人各赴延至其家，皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。此中人语云：―不足为外人道也。‖
既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。及郡下，诣太守说如此。太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷不复得路。
南阳刘子骥，高尚士也。闻之，欣然亲往，未果，寻病终。后遂无问津者。
The Peach Blossom Visionary Land
During the Tai-yuan years of the dynasty Jin,a fisherman from the county of Wuling strolled on the bank of a stream,forgetting the distance of his track ,into a grove of blossing peach trees all at once.For several hundred steps along the bank side,there were no other trees;the sward was freshly green and fallen petals of the peach blooms were scattered on the grass verdure.The fisherman,surprised by the sight,walked on to see where the grove would end.It ended at the source of the stream,where there was a mountain.An aperture opened on the mount,from which light seemed to be emitted.The man abandoned his boat and entered the opening.It was narrow at first,just enough to pass through.After several tens of steps,the way led to vast spaciousness.The land was level and expanded ,houses were spread out in good order;goodly farms,fair ponds and mulberry and bamboo thickets were to be seen everywhere.The ways and cross roads were stretched out far and wide.Cocks‘ crew and dogs‘ barking were heard here and there.The men and women coming and going in their tilling and handicraft work were dressed all like people outside.The aged with hair of light beige and children with cut hair fringing their foreheads all looked gay and contented.Seeing the fisherman, people were greatly surprised, asking him whence he came from and being replied to.They then invited him to their homes, offering wine and killing chickens for entertainment.When it was generally known in the village that there was this man,more people came to see and ask questions of him.They all said that their forefathers,fleeing from turmoils during the Qin Dynasty ,led their families and villagers hither to this isolated district to stay, and so being separated from the outside world.They asked what time it was then ,knowing not there was any dynasty Han ,to say nothing of those of Wei and Jin.The man answered them all in details ,whereon they heaved sighs and exclamations.All the others also invited him severally to their homes for hospitality.After many a day,he made his departure.They told him not to publicize his sojourn there.When out ,he sought out his boat and noted closely the way leading to the aperture of the mount.After his return to the chief town of the county,he went to the alderman and made a report of his outlandish excursion.The county official dispatched a man to follow him whereto he would lead.But he could not find the spots he had noted on his way back and so lost the whereabouts of the grove of blossoming peach trees.Liu Ziji of Nanyang,a scholar of high repute,hearing of the story sought to find out the place.He fell sick and died,before his attempted trial.Thereafter ,no one ever ventured the visionary deed.蜀相
杜甫
丞相祠堂何处寻？锦官城外柏森森。映阶碧草自春色，隔叶黄鹂空好音。三顾频烦天下计，两朝开济老臣心。出事未捷身先死，长使英雄泪满襟。Chancellor of Shu The Memorial Hall of the Chancellor----where is its site to be found ? Beyond th‘walls of Jinguan Town, a cedar old riseth there thickset and tall.The fresh verdure of th‘ lawn reflecteth on the steps vernal hues by itself;In the foliage chanteth in vain the golden oriole‘s tuneful call.Being viseted thrice and then ofttimes conferred on affairs of state-craft, In instaling and propping up two reigns as their adamantine support , You in person the state‘s corps dispatch led, but died before triumph could be won: It doth make all our heroes,for mourning your noble cause ,to tears e‘er resort.将进酒
李白
君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回？君不见高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪？ 人生得意需尽欢，莫使金尊空对月。天生我才必有用，千金散尽还复来。烹羊宰牛且为乐，会须一饮三百杯。岑夫子，丹丘生，将尽酒，君莫停，与君歌一曲，请君为我倾耳听。钟鼓馔玉不足贵，但愿常醉不复醒。古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。陈王昔时宴平乐，斗酒十千恣欢谑。主任何为言少钱？径需沽取对君酌。五花马，千金袭，呼儿将出换美酒，与尔同销万古愁。Carouse, Please
Seest thou not
The waters of the Luteous River rush down from the sky，And roll off to the sea forevermore not to come back ? Seest thou not
White locks are wailed at before bright mirrors in halls high，For turning at wailed at dusk into snowflakes from their morning‘s jet black?
Seize the moments of content in life and make full mirth of them;
Let not your golden beakers stay empty to glint at the moon.Heaven hath endowed me with talents certes for good use;
A thousand pieces of gold being scattered bumpers at one carouse.My friends sire Cen and good Danqiu,pause not in drinking , Let me sing s ditty for you ,let me your kind ears arouse.Banquets with bell-strikings and drum-beats are not by me prized ，But I wish to drink deep always ,ne‘er sadly sober remain.Since olden times ,saints and sages have all been solitary，While drinkers throughout the ages their renown do retain.When king Chenzhi of literary fame feasted at Pingle
Ten thousand coins were spent for each dipper of rare old vintage.Why doth our taverner say there is any lack of cash ?
We doth our taverner say there is any lack of cash ? We should not lack means to get wine your mind to assuage.My mottled steed and the fur-lined robe of a thousand crowns ，Let my boy lead and fetch out to barter for drinks divine，In order to banish with ye both our griefs eternal trine.经典中国古文英语翻译 但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。
A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。
The endless river eastward flows;with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.二人同心，其利断金。
If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。
It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate.海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
A bosom friend afar brings distance near.合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。
A huge tree that fills one‘s arms grows from a tiny seedling;a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth;a thousand li journey starts with the first step.祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。
Misfortune, that is where happiness depends;happiness, that is where misfortune underlies.见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。
On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal;on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects.江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。
This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage.举头望明月，低头思故乡。
Raising my head, I see the moon so bright;withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around.俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
All are past and gone;we look to this age for truly great men.君子成人之美，不成人之恶。
The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct.君子独立不惭于影，独寝不愧于魂。
A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone.君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝。
The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate;the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken.老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。
Expend the respect of the aged in one‘s family to that of other families;expend the love of the young ones in one‘s family to that of other families.礼尚往来。往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。
Propriety suggests reciprocity.It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa.两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。
If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day? 路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。The way ahead is long;I see no ending, yet high and low I‘ll search with my will unbending.民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。
The people are the most important element in a state;next are the gods of land and grain;least is the ruler himself.千丈之堤，以蝼蚁之穴溃；百尺之屋，以突隙之烟焚。
A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it;a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimney‘s chink.锲而舍之，朽木不折，锲而不舍，金石可镂。
Carve but give up half way, even a decayed piece of wood will not break;carve without stop, even metal and stone can be engraved.人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴阳缺，此事古难全。
People have sorrow and joy;they part and meet again.The moon dims or shines;it waxes or wanes.Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days.人之于文学也，犹玉之于琢磨也。
Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to jade.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。
Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure.Their good qualities are to be followed, and their shortcomings are to be avoided.士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦重乎？死而后己，不亦远乎？
An educated gentleman cannot but be resolute and broad-minded, for he has taken up a heavy responsibility and a long course.Is it not a heavy responsibility, which is to practice benevolence? Is it not a long course, which will end only with his death? 士之为人，当理不避其难，临患忘利，遗生行义，视死如归。
A moral intellectual is one who escapes no danger in face of truth, discards personal interests in front of disaster, practices righteousness at the expense of life, and looks upon death as going home.逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。
The passage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night.顺天者存，逆天者亡。
Those who follow the Heaven‘s law will survive;those who go against it will perish.天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，增益其所不能。
When Heaven is about to place a great responsibility on a great man, it always first frustrates his spirit and will, exhausts his muscles and bones, exposes him to starvation and poverty, harasses him by troubles and setbacks so as to stimulate his spirit, toughen his nature and enhance his abilities.天生我才必有用。
Heaven has endowed me with talents for eventual use.天时不如地利，地利不如人和。
Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages, which in turn are less important than the unity among people.天行健，君子以自强不息。
As Heaven‘s movement is ever vigorous, so must a gentleman ceaselessly strive along.温故而知新，可以为师矣。
He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher.物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后治国，国治而后天下平。Things investigated, genuine knowledge acquired;genuine knowledge acquired ,thoughts purified;thoughts purified, hearts rectified;hearts rectified, personalities cultivated;personalities cultivated, families regulated;families regulated, the states well governed;the states well governed, the whole world will be in peace and tranquil.相见时难别亦难。
It is unbearable to meet as well as to depart.学不可以已。青取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于冰。君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。
There is never an end to learning.The dye extracted from the indigo is bluer than the plant;so is the ice colder than the water.By broadly learning and constantly examining himself every day, the gentleman sharpens his awareness and makes fewer mistakes.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
Learning without thinking leads to confusion;thinking without learning ends in danger.学而不厌，诲人不倦。
Never be contented with your study;never be impatient with your teaching.学如逆水行舟，不进则退。
Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。
It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.玉不琢，不成器。人不学，不知义。
As a jade without chiseling will not become a useful object, a man without learning will not know the Way.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stairs./ Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further, I am ascending one more story of the tower.在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。
In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches interlocked forever.不登高山，不知天之厚也；不临深渊，不知地之厚也。
One can never be aware of the height of the sky or the depth of the earth, if he does not climb up a high mountain or look down into a deep abyss.大道之行也，天下为公。
A public spirit will rule all under the sky when the great Way prevails.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。
The endless river eastward flows;with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.丹青不知老将近，富贵于我如浮云。
Absorbed in painting, you know not old age is coming;indeed, to me wealth and rank are like clouds scudding.曲则全，枉则直，洼则盈，敝则新，少则得，多则惑。
To be part is to be whole;to be bent is to be straight;to be hollow is to be filled;to be worn out is to be renewed;to have little is to have more;to have much is to be confused.
第二篇：中国职称英译
附：中国专业技术职称英译（冯建忠,P.307-311）
一般认为，在中国专业技术职称的英译中应遵循以下几条原则：一要体现“国际性”。中国职称的29个系列中，有些系列国外也有，如高校教师。凡是国际上有通用称呼的，就应移植过来，不可执意搞“创新”；国外没有的，翻译时也要尽可能照顾国际习惯，尽可能让外国人基本理解。二要体现“级别性”。我国各职称系列中的高、中、初几个级别应力求表达出来，这样，外国人易懂，同时也不失我国评定职称的初衷。三要作“解释性翻译”，不要直译，更不可按汉语逐字硬译。四要简短、明了，能用一两个英文单词译出的，就不要译成一长串。五要区别不同系列。例如，我国的图书资料、档案、文物博物等三个职称系列中，都有“研究馆员”这一正高级职称，翻译时不能笼而统之，应分别译出他们是研究什么专业的高级馆员。
以下为中国专业技术职称英译参考。括号中的“正高”指正高级职称，“副高”指副高级职称，“中”指中级职称，“初”指初级职称。1．研究系列
研究员(正高)
professor；professor of…
副研究员(副高)associate professor；associate professor of… 助理研究员(中)research associate 研究实习员(初)research assistant 2．大学教师系列
教授(正高)
professor;full professor 副教授(副高)
associate professor 讲师(中)
lecturer 助教(初)
assistant 3．中专、技校教师系列
高级讲师(副高)senior lecturer 讲师(中)
lecturer 助理讲师(初)
assistant lecturer 教员(初)
teacher 高级实习指导教师(副高)senior instructor 一／二／三级实习指导教师(中／初/初)first-/second-/third-grade instructor 4．中学教师系列
中学高级教师(副高)senior teacher(secondary school)中学一／二／三级教师(中／初／初)first-/second-/third-grade teacher(secondary school)5．小学教师系列
小学高级教师(中)senior teacher(primary school)小学一／-／三级教师(初／初／初)first-/second-/third-grade teacher(primary school)6．工程技术系列
教授级高级工程师(正高)professor of engineering 高级工程师(副高)senior engineer;associate professor of engineering 工程师(中)
engineer 助理工程师(初)
assistant engineer 技术员(初)
technician 7．实验系列
高级实验师(高)
senior experimentalist 实验师(中)
experimentalist 助理实验师(初)
assistant experimentalist 实验员(初)
laboratory technician/assistant 8．农业技术系列
高级农艺师(高)
senior agronomist 农艺师(中)
agronomist 助理农艺师(初)
assistant agronomist 农业技术员(初)
agricultural technician 9．图书资料系列
研究馆员(正高)
professor of library science 副研究馆员(副高)associate professor of library science 馆员(中)
librarian 助理馆员(初)
library assistant 管理员(初)
clerk 10．档案系列
研究馆员(正高)
professor of archive science 副研究馆员(副高)associate professor of archive science 馆员(中)
archivist 管理员(初)
assistant archivist
助理馆员（初）
assistant archivist 管理员（初）
file clerk 11．文物博物：
研究馆员(正高)
professor of relics and museology 副研究馆员(副高)associate professor of relics and museo1ogy 馆员(中)
museologist 助理馆员(初)
assistant museo1ogist 文博管理员(初)
conservator 12．卫生技术系列
主任医师(正高)
professor of treatment；professor of„
副主任医师(副高)associate professor of treatment；professor of„ 主治医师(中)
doctor-in-charge 医师(初)
doctor 医士(初)
assistant doctor 主任药师(正高)
professor of pharmacy 主任药师(副高)
associate professor of pharmacy 主管药师(中)
pharmacist-in-charge 药师(初)
pharmacist 药士(初)
assistant pharmacy 主任护师(正高)
professor of nursing 副主任护师(副高)associate professor of pharmacy 主管护师(中)
nurse-in-charge 护师(初)
nurse practitioner 护士(初)
nurse；nurse's aid 主任技师(正高)
full senior technologist 副主任技师(副高)associate senior technologist 主管技师(中)
technologist-in-charge 技师(初)
technologist 技士(初)
technician 13．新闻系列
高级编辑(正高)
full senior editor 主任编辑(副高)
associate senior editor 编辑(中)
editor 助理编辑(初)
assistant editor 14.出版系列
编审(正高)
professor of editorship;full senior editor 副编审(副高)
associate professor of editorship;associate senior editor 编辑(中)
editor 助理编辑(初)
assistant editor 技术编辑（中）
technical editor 助理技术编辑（初）assistant technical editor 技术设计员（初）technical designer 一/二/三级校对（中/初/初）first-/second-/third-grade proofreader 15.翻译系列
译审（正高）
professor of translation;full senior translator 副译审（副高）
associate professor of translation;associate senior translator 翻译（中）
translator 助理翻译（初）
assistant translator 16．广播电视播音系列
播音指导(正高)
director of announcing 主任播音员(副高)chief announcer 一／二／三级播音员(中／初／初)
first-／second-／third-grade announcer 17．经济系列
高级经济师(高)senior economist 经济师(中)
economist 助理经济师(初)assistant economist 经济员(初)
economic clerk 18．会计系列
高级会议师(高)senior accountant 会计师(中)
accountant 助理会计师(初)assistant accountant 会计员(初)
treasurer 19．统计系列
高级统计师(高)senior statistician 统计师(中)
statistician 助理统计师(初)assistant statistician 统计员(初)
statistical clerk 20．律师系列
一／二／三／四级律师(正高／副高／中／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade lawyer 律师助理(初)lawyer's assistant 21.公证系列
一／二／三／四级公证员(正高／副高／中／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade notary public 公证员助理员(初)notary's assistant 22．海关系列
高级关务监督(高)senior customs supervisor 关务监督(中)
customs supervisor 助理关务监督(初)assistant customs supervisor 关务员(初)
customs clerk 23．航空飞行系列
一／二／三／四级飞行员(高／中／初／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade pilot 一／二／三／四级领航员(高／中／初／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade navigator 一／二／三／四级飞行通信员(高／中／初／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade flight radioman 一／二／三／四级飞行机械员(高／中／初/初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade fight engineer 24．船舶技术系列
高级船长(高)
senior captain
船长(中)
captain 大／二／三副(中／初／初)
first／second／third mate 高级轮机长(高)senior engineer 轮机长(中)
chief(engineer)大／二／三管轮(中／初／初)
first／second／third engineman 高级电机员(高)senior electrician 通用电机员(中)general electrician 一／二等电机员(中／初)first／second electrician 高级报务员(高)senior radioman 通用报务员(中)general radioman 一／二等报务员(中／初)
first／second radioman 限用报务员(初)special radioman 25．体育教练系列
主教练(高)
head coach 教练(中)
coach 助理教练(初)
assistant coach 26．艺术系列
一／二／三／四级(画师／演员)(高／中／初／初)first-／second-／third-／fourth-grade(painter／actor)高级工艺美术师(高)senior industrial artist 工艺美术师(中)
industrial artist 助理工艺美术师(初)assistant industrial artist 工艺美术员(初)
painter of handicraft 27.其它
I
审计(audit)套用会计系列职称，但“审计员”可译为auditor；专利(patent)套用研究系列职称；法医(forensic medicine)套用卫生技术系列职称。
第三篇：中国职衔职称英译
中国职衔职称英译
班主任class adviser 办公厅主任 director, general office 编导scenarist 编辑editor 编审professor of editorship 播音员announcer 编辑[中] editor
编审[正高] full senior editor
播音指导[正高] director of announcing 部长助理 assistant minister 部委办主任 director 财务主管 controller 采购员 purchaser 参事（参赞）counselor 仓库管理员storekeeper 常务副省长 executive vice governor 厂长factory managing director 车间主任workshop manager 出纳员cashier 处长/副处长 division chief/deputy division chief 船长[中] captain
大副[中] first mate或 mate
大管轮[中] first engineman 大学校长president, university 代办 charge d’affaires
党组书记 secretary, party leadership group 档案秘书 secretary-archivist 导演director
地方人大主任 chairman, local people’s congress 地区专员 commissioner, prefecture 电视主持人tv presenter
电台/电视台台长radio/tv station controller
电台节目主持人disk jockey 董事长 chairman
儿科主任医师professor of paediatrics 儿科主治医师 pediatrician-in-charge 二等报务员[初] second radioman 二等电机员[初] second electrician 二副[初] second mate 二管轮[初] second engineman
二级播音员[初] second-grade announcer 二级飞行机械员[中] second-grade flight engineer 二级飞行通信员[中] second-grade flight radioman 二级飞行员[中] second-grade pilot
二级公证员[副高] second-grade notary public 二级画师 second-grade painter 二级领航员[中] second-grade navigator 二级律师[副高] second-grade lawyer
二级实习指导教师[初] second-grade instructor 二级校对[初] second-grade proofreader 发言人 spokesman 法警 judicial policeman 法医 legal medical expert 翻译translator/interpreter 妇科主治医师 gyneco-logist-in-charge 副编审[副高] associate senior editor
副教授[副高] associate professor
副研究馆员[副高] associate professor of library science 副研究员associate professor
副译审[副高] associate senior translator 副主任护师[副高] associate professor of nursing 副主任技师[副高] associate senior technologist 副主任药师[副高] associate professor of pharmacy 副主任医师[副高] associate professor of treatment
高级报务员[高] senior radioman 高级编辑[正高] full senior editor 高级船长[高] senior captain 高级电机员[高] senior electrician
高级工程师[副高] senior engineering
高级工艺美术师[高] senior industrial artist；
高级关务监督[高] senior customs supervisor 高级会计师[高] senior accountant 高级记者[正高] full senior reporter 高级讲师[副高] senior lecturer 高级经济师[高] senior economist
高级轮机长[高] senior engineer, senior chief engineer 高级农艺师[高] senior agronomist 高级实习指导教师[副高] senior instructor 高级实验师[高] senior lab master 高级实验师senior experimentalist
高级统计师[高] senior statistician 工程师[中] engineer 工段长section chief 工商金融 industrial, commercial and banking communities 工艺美术师[中] industrial artist；
工艺美术员[初] painter of handicraft 公关部经理 PR manager 公使 minister
公使衔参赞 minister-counselor 公证员 notary public
公证员助理[初] notary's assistant 顾问 adviser
关务监督[中] customs supervisor 关务员[初] customs clerk
馆员[中] librarian;archivist;museologist 管理员[初] file clerk 广播电视radio and television 国务委员 state councilor 国务院各部部长 minister
国务院各委员会主任 minister in charge of commission for 国务院总理 premier, state council 候补委员 alternate member 护师[初] nurse practitioner 护士[初] nurse或 nurse's aide
化验员chemical analyst 化装师make-up artist 画师painter 会长 president 会计师[中] accountant 会计员[初] treasurer 机械师mechanic 记者[中] reporter 技师[初] technologist 技士[初] technician
技术编辑[中] technical editor 技术设计员[初] technical designer 技术员[初] technician 监狱长 warden
剪辑导演montage director 建筑师architect 讲师instructor/lecturer 交换教授exchange professor 教练[中] coach 教授[正高] professor
教授级高级工程师[正高] professor of engineering 教务主任dean of studies 教员[初] teacher 经纪人broker
经济参赞 economic counselor 经济师[中] economist 经济员[初] economic clerk 经济专员 economic attaché
经理 manager 警督 supervisor 警监 commissioner 警司 superintendent 警员 constable 局长 director
科长/股长 section chief
科学院院长president(academies)科员 clerk/officer 客座教授visiting professor 理事 trustee/council member 理事长 president
临时代办 charge d’affaires ad interim 领班captain 领事 consul
录音师sound engineer 律师 lawyer
律师助理[初] lawyer's assistant 轮机长[中] chief, chief engineer 美术师artist 秘书长 secretary-general 名誉董事长 honorary chairman 名誉顾问 honorary adviser 名誉教授honorary professor 内科主治医师 physician-in-charge 农业技术员[初] agricultural technician 农艺师[中] agronomist 配音演员dubber
皮肤科主任医师 professor of dermatology 皮肤科主治医师 dermatol-ogist-in-charge 区长 chief executive, district government
全国人大委员长/副委员长 chairman/vice chairman, national people’s
congress
人大代表 deputy to the people’s congress 人民法庭庭长 chief judge, people’s tribunals 人民法院院长 president, people’s courts
人民检察院检察长 procurator-general, people’s procuratorates 三副[初] third mate 三管轮[初] third engineman
三级播音员[初] third-grade announcer 三级导演 third-grade director
三级飞行机械员[初] third-grade flight engineer 三级飞行通信员[初] third-grade flight radioman 三级飞行员[初] third-grade pilot 三级公证员[中] third-grade notary public 三级领航员[初] third-grade navigator 三级律师[中] third-grade lawyer
三级实习指导教师[初] Third-grade Instructor 三级校对[初] third-grade proofreader 商务参赞 commercial counselor 商务代表 trade representative 商务专员 commercial attaché
设计师designer 社会团体 nongovernmental organization 摄影师cameraman 审计师senior auditor 审计署审计长auditor-general, auditing administration 审计员auditing clerk 审判长 chief judge 审判员 judge 省长 governor
省委/市委书记 secretary, provincial/municipal committee of the CPC 实验师[中] lab master 实验师experimentalist 实验员[初] laboratory technician 市长/副市长 mayor/vice mayor 售货员sales clerk 书记 clerk of the court
书记处书记 member, secretariat of the CPC central committee 司长 director
司法、公证、公安 judiciary, notary and public security 四级飞行机械员[初] fourth-grade flight engineer 四级飞行通信员[初] fourth-grade flight radioman 四级飞行员[初] fourth-grade pilot 四级公证员[初] fourth-grade notary public 四级领航员[初] fourth-grade navigator 四级律师[初] fourth-grade lawyer 四级演员 fourth-grade actor 特级教师teacher of special grade
特命全权大使 ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特派员 commissioner
通用报务员[中] general radioman 通用电机员[中] general electrician 统计师[中] statistician 统计员[初] statistical clerk 推销员 salesman 外交官衔 diplomatic rank 外科主治医师surgeon-in-charge 委员 member
文博管理员[初] conservator 文化专员 cultural attaché
武官 military attaché
舞蹈编剧choreographer 舞台监督stage manager 系主任director of department/dean of the faculty 县长 chief executive, county government 限用报务员[初] special radioman
乡镇长 chief executive, township government
香港特别行政区行政长官 chief executive, Hong Kong special administrative region
销售部经理 sales manager
小学二级教师[初] second-grade teacher(primary school)小学高级教师[中] senior teacher(primary school)小学三级教师[初] third-grade teacher(primary school)小学校长headmaster, primary school 小学一级教师[初] first-grade teacher(primary school)校董事会董事trustee, board of trustees 校对proofreader 新闻文化参赞 press and cultural counselor 学部主任division chairman 学院院长dean of college 巡视员 inspector/monitor 牙科主治医师 dentist-in-charge
研究馆员[正高] professor of archives science 研究馆员[正高] professor of library science 研究馆员[正高] professor of relics and museology
研究实习员[初] research assistant 研究所所长director, research institute 研究员[正高] professor, professor +学科
研究员professor
眼科主治医师 oculist-in-charge 演员actor
药师[初] pharmacist
药士[初] assistant pharmacist 一等报务员[中] first radioman 一等电机员[中] first electrician 一等秘书 first secretary
一级播音员[中] first-grade announcer 一级飞行机械员[高] first-grade flight engineer 一级飞行通信员[高] first-grade flight radioman 一级飞行员[高] first-grade pilot
一级公证员[正高] first-grade notary public 一级领航员[高] first-grade navigator 一级律师[正高] first-grade lawyer
一级实习指导教师[中] first-grade instructor 一级校对[中] first-grade proofreader 一级演员 first-grade actor 医师[初] doctor
医士[初] assistant doctor 译审[正高] full senior translator
营业部经理 business manager 院士academician 政党 political party
政府机构 government organization 政务参赞 political counselor
政治局常委 member, standing committee of political bureau, the cpc 政治局委员 member, political bureau of the cpc central committee 执行董事 executive director 指导教师instructor 指挥conductor 制片人producer 质检员quality inspector 中共中央总书记 general secretary, the CPC central committee 中国科学院院长president, Chinese academy of sciences 中华人民共和国主席/副主席 president/vice president, the People’s
Republic of China 中学二级教师[初] second-grade teacher(secondary school)中学高级教师[副高] senior teacher(secondary school)中学三级教师[初] third-grade teacher(secondary school)中学校长principal, secondary school 中学一级教师[中] first-grade teacher(secondary school)中央委员 member, central committee 主管护师[中] nurse-in-charge 主管技师[中] technologist-in-charge
主管药师[中] pharmacist-in-charge 主教练[高] chief coach
主任编辑[副高] associate senior editor 主任播音员[副高] chief announcer 主任护师[正高] professor of nursing 主任记者[副高] associate senior reporter 主任技师[正高] full senior technologist 主任委员 chairman
主任药师[正高] professor of pharmacy 主任医师（讲课）professor of medicine 主任医师（医疗）professor of treatment 主席 chairman
主席团执行主席executive chairman 主治医师[中] doctor-in-charge 助教[初] assistant
助理编辑[初] assistant editor
助理翻译assistant translator/interpreter 助理工程师[初] assistant engineer
助理工艺美术师[初] assistant industrial artist； 助理关务监督[初] assistant customs supervisor 助理馆员[初] assistant archivist 助理馆员[初] assistant museologist 助理馆员[初] library assistant 助理会计师[初] assistant accountant
助理记者[初] assistant reporter
助理技术编辑[初] assistant technical editor 助理讲师[初] assistant lecturer 助理教练[初] assistant coach 助理经济师[初] assistant economist 助理农艺师[初] assistant agronomist 助理实验师[初] assistant lab master 助理统计师[初] assistant statistician 助理研究员[中] research associate 注册会计师certified public accountant 注册主管registrar 总编辑editor-in-chief 总裁 president 总干事 director-general 总监 director
总经理 general manager;c.e.o(chief executive officer)总警监 commissioner general 总领事 consul general 总务长dean of general affairs 作业班长foreman 8
第四篇：中国古典名著书名英译
中国古典名著书名英译
1．《三国演义》Three Kingdoms or Romance of The Three Kingdoms
2．《水浒传》The Water Margin or the Outlaws of the Marsh
3．《西游记》Story of a Journey to the West or The Pilgriage to the West
4．《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions or A Red-Chamber Dream
5．《聊斋志异》Strange Stories from a Scholar's Studio
6．《大学》The Great Learning
7．《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
8．《论语》The Analects of Confucius
9．《孟子》The Words of Mencius
10．《诗经》The Book of Songs
11．《书经》The Book of History
12．《易经》The Book of Changes
13．《礼记》The Book of Rites
14．《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
15．《山海经》Mountain and Sea Classics
16．《战国策》Stratagems of the Warring States
17．《史记》Records of the Grand Historian
18．《世纪新说》New sayings of the World
19．《西厢记》Romance of the Western Chamber
第五篇：中国古诗英译研究
哈 尔 滨 师 范 大 学 成人高等教育本科毕业论文
论文题目
从文化差异角度 看古诗英译中意象的传译
论文作者：刘真真 学 号 ：2008025713 作者单位：哈师大教育学系2班 指导教师：袁凤荣 专 业 ：英语教育
2011年5月
摘要：诗歌是文学形式最精练的浓缩。它用其独特的风格向读者传递思想和情感，以触动读者的感情。中国古典诗歌作为中国历史文化的浓缩，有着其独特的特点。如此丰富、美妙的诗歌应该由全世界的人民所共享。他们应该成为全世界的共同财富。但中国文字和语言的复杂性又使得中国古典诗歌很难被外人所理解和掌握。于是，翻译就成了必要的手段和媒介。显然，不同语言和文化之间存在着很大的差异，差异越大，他们之间翻译的难度就越大。而翻译中国古典诗歌更是面临着很多困难。
在翻译中，没有绝对的对等，即使有了表面上的对等，在意义上也不可能做到真正的对等。因此在翻译过程中运用创造性就成了诗歌翻译，尤其是中国古典诗歌翻译的必经途径。
本文从文化差异的角度来剖析古诗英译中意象的传达，以说明怎样更好地克服文化差异，最低限度地减少古诗翻译中的“文化亏损”。
关键词：中国古典诗歌 文化差异 传达 意象
Abstract: Poetry is a most condensed or compressed form of literature.It conveys emotion or ideas to touch the reader’s feelings with its unique style.Classical Chinese poetry(CCP),as the condense of Chinese history and culture,has it unique characteristics.Such rich,beautiful and wonderful poems should be appreciated by all the human beings.They should be the common wealth of the world.But Chinese language is very complex,which is difficult to understand and grasp.Under this condition,translation seems to be the necessary media.Obviously there exist differences in different languages and different cultures.The bigger the differences are, the bigger the difficulties of translation between each other are.Translating CCP into English is obviously difficult.In translation,there is no absolute equivalence.Even if there is literal equivalence,they may not be equivalent in meaning.From the perspective of cultural differences to analyze imagery to convey Classical Chinese Poetry Translation,in order to illustrate how to overcome cultural differences better.And to reduse the “cultural loss ”in translation at a minimum level.Key Word:Classical Chinese Poetry , cultural difference, convey, images
论文提纲：
1.文化差异与古诗翻译
2.古诗英译中文化意象的传译
2.1 意象并列
例：柳宗元《江雪》
2.2 典故的意象
例：卢纶《塞下曲》
2.3 隐含意象
例：贺之章《咏柳》
3.结论
从文化差异角度看古诗英译中意象的传译
由于中西方文化背景的极大差异，这就注定了英译古诗时必然会出现文化信息的遗漏，这也就需要译者在认真读懂原稿的基础上懂得变通，抓住文化内涵的核心，由诗词的表层结构深入到其深层结构，尽力展现其“意”的传神和生动.本文通过实例分析了在翻译唐诗宋词过程中文化信息的遗漏现象，同时还给出了一些处理的方法，力求在古诗词的英译过程中在更高的层面上实现文化的沟通。
翻译是一种跨文化交际活动。译者要传递的不仅是出发语的语义信息，还要传递其所附着的文化和语用信息。但是以出发语作为母语的诗人在创作时其意向读者，通常不包括外国读者，尤其不包括非本族语的读者。因此在本族语交际双方认为是不言而喻的文化背景知识，对于其他文化的读者来说却常常不知所云。诗歌是语言最凝练、最精粹、内涵最丰富的一种文学形式，它积键了中国悠久的历史文化。但是由于中西方文化背景的极大差别这就往定了英译诗歌时必然会文化信息的遗漏。因而，在文化进行相互渗透，相互吸收的同时，不可避免地会出现文化信息遗漏的现象。本文将就唐诗宋词英译中出现的这类现象通过实例进行探讨，同时还给出了一些处理的方法，力求在古诗词的英译过程中在更高的层面上实现文化的沟通。
1.文化差异与古诗翻译
古诗作为一个相对独立的话语世界，其翻译特别强调文化信息与美感效应的传递。诗歌的翻译与文化密切相连。诗歌被喻为“文学皇冠上的明珠”，其语言具有高度凝练，以少胜多的特点，引经据典，文化色彩很浓。许多诗歌里的比喻、象征、典故以及专有名词，都和文化血肉相连。英汉词语的文化内涵既有相互重叠的部分，也有难以吻合的层面。译者只有最大限度地补足其互缺的内容，才能使译文臻于完美。翻译中，由于英汉文化之间的差异，英语中不可能都具有汉语里的对等词汇，尤其是诗歌的翻译，要译得像诗，要讲究压韵，格式是否整齐等，并且诗歌中很多民族色彩的内容无法用另一种不同的语言原汁原味地传出，所以诗歌的翻泽具有很大的局限性。
古诗英译中文化内涵的适当取舍，是构成译诗的整体风格和意境美不可或缺的要素。在处理文化差异时．要在语言和形式统一的基础上，寻求一个平衡点，对目的语系统所固有的价值观念，文化取向和审美习俗等方面进行分析，并做出准确的判断，然后再选择合适的词汇，最低限度地减少文化差异。
2.古诗英译中文化意象的传译
诗的语言是文学语言，但文学语言未必都是诗的语言。中国古典诗词之所以含蓄，洗练，自然绮丽，与谴词用字有直接关系。
1、意象并列
汉语诗歌丰富的文化意蕴依靠构成诗篇的一个个词语来体现，却又远远超过这些词语意义之和。比如，柳宗元《江雪》一诗后两句“孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。”虽然只有几个指代景物和人物的名词： “孤舟”，“蓑笠”，“(老)翁”，“寒江”和“雪”。加上一个静态的动词“钓”，但是这两个诗句所表达的意境绝不在于这些词语的意思及其所指代的意象相加和堆砌，而在于它们之间相互交融。相互关联感应所生成 的一种寂寞寒冷，孤傲清高，脱离世俗，超然物外的整体意蕴。如：
千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。译文一：
A hundred mountains and no birds;A thousand paths without a footprint;A little boat , a bamboo cloak, An old man fishing in the cold river-snow.------By Witter Bynner 译文二：
From hill to hill no bird in flight, From path to path no man in sight.A straw-cloaked man a float,behold!Is fishing snow on river cold.-------By Xu Yuanchong 译文l采用意象并置的手段。密集的意象群激发起读者丰富的想象，带给读者新鲜的审美体验，然而孤寂落寞的意境仅以不定冠词“a”来传达是不充分的。译文2中，许渊冲灵活地采用并列结构“from„to„”增强孤寂感。个体意象成功的翻译，为意境的传达奠定了基础。最后一句话中译者精心制造“老翁钓雪”的独特意象，此举看似不和逻辑却又在情理之中，流露出坚韧不屈的乐观精神。原诗意境得以完全的表现，许译算得上是译作中的精品。
汉语诗歌，尤其是中国古典汉语诗词，素来追求“言外之意”。而对于英、美读者来说，一首汉语诗歌，即使结构十分完整，也只是他们“都不认识”的“形象”，因为他们不认识汉字，不懂中国文化，无从理解其意义。因此译者在进行译诗语篇重构时，必须尽可能按照译人语的表达习惯填充语气符号的空白。补缀语句成分的缺省。只有这样才能有助于他们理解诗中诸多意象之间的彼此联系，从整体上把握和理解诗词的意境内涵。
2、典故的意象
诗词为讲究语言精练，经常运用历史典故，其最大的好处便是用简单符号传达复杂信息，扩充诗作容量。翻译古诗中的典故，也应考虑到译语文化与源语文化的差异及译语读者的理解和接受能力，有必要进行一定的变通。下面我们以卢纶的《塞下曲》之二两个译本的比较来看译诗过程中意象的变通：
林暗草惊风，将军夜行弓。平明寻白羽，没在石棱中.The woods are black and a wind assail s the grasses，Yet the general tries night archery．
And next morning he finds his white—plumed arrow，Pointed deep in the hard rock． 一一By Bynner 原诗记载的是飞将军李广的故事。可是以上译文对原诗用典毫无涉及，完全是依照原诗字面用英语重构而成，没能整体再现原诗的意境。因此，译诗读者就无从感受原诗的整体内涵与意蕴，也无法理解“why the general tries night archery”。该诗另一译本对原诗意象空白进行了适当的变通处理：
In the dark woods grass shivers at the wind's howl，The general takes it for a tiger's growl． He shoots and looks for his arrow next moon，Only to find it pierced amid the thorn． 一一By Xu Yuanchong 许渊冲不仅从整体上把握了原诗“林暗，夜黑，风疾，惊险，紧张，刺激”的意境，以变通手法在译诗中增加了“the wind's howl”和“a tiger's growl”两个声音意象，还巧妙地运用了动词“shiver”和体现听觉反应的介词短语“at the
wind's howl”，以拟人手法将原诗“草惊风”译成“grass shivers at the wind's howl”生动传神地再现了原诗第一句所带有的惊险气氛。然后，又用“it”指代“grass shivers at the wind's howl”，将原诗第二句译为“The general takes it for a tiger's growl”。通过意象的变通处理，译者在译诗有限的词语中融入了有关原诗典故的重要信息，这样不仅最大限度地保全了原诗的原意，而且还为译诗读者深入领会译诗意蕴扫清了障碍。
3、隐含意象
由于文化差异，在泽语诗篇蕈构中，我们会发现，原诗中的某个意象往往很难在译语中找到与之完全对应的东西。有时原诗中某个意象背后还如影随形似的依附着一个具有深层文化内涵的隐含意象。在这种情况下，诗歌意象的转换不应局限于语言形式的对应。译者应从总体上把握诗中的意象，对其进行恰当的变通，必要时应在译诗诗篇重构中将原诗意蕴中有而字面上没有的意象凸显出来。中国古典诗歌喜欢用比喻，比喻产生联想，想象，能使抽象的事物具体化，形象化。许多比喻是可以直译的，但由于英汉两种文化的差异，同样的比喻形象在中西读者心目中能引起不同的联想，这时应考虑用译文语言中可以引起与原文形象相同联想的形象取代，以便保证意境相似，意义和风格对等。下面来比较一下贺之长《咏柳》一诗的两个英泽本： 碧玉妆成一树高，万条垂下绿丝绦。不知细叶谁裁出，二月春风似剪刀。Emerald rashioned into a tall tree； Hung with myriad silk braids of green;Who tailored the dainty leaves? The snipping wind of early spring． 一一By Wen Shu
原诗前两句用“碧玉”来形容柳树，描述一棵柳树矗立在春风里，好像使用碧玉妆扮而成的。鲜嫩的枝条垂落下来，仿佛是闪着碧玉色泽的丝带。这是诗中“碧玉”意象的第一层喻义。然而，它还有另一层喻义。中国文化中有“小家碧玉”一词，来喻指小户人家出生的年轻貌美的女子。诗人正是借“碧玉”这一意象将婀娜多姿的绿柳暗喻为凝妆玉立的美女。可以上译诗只保留了“emerald”的第一层意象，没有将其隐喻的“beauty”意象透露出来。这就使译诗中借“emerald”一词从原诗转换过来的“碧玉”意象失去了双关的喻义而显得较为单薄。这样意象转换造成了隐喻意象的空缺，没能达到既传形又传神的效果。对于原诗中的意象，下一译本的变通处理显得较为妥当：
Jade-1ike weeping willow looks 1ike a beauty's figure； Its slender twigs are green ribbons of beauty's skirts． Who on earth cuts out the thin leaves on the osiers? The early spring's breeze seems to play the roles of shears．
一一By Lin Kezhang 显然，这位译者熟知原诗“碧玉”的双重喻义，他先用“Jade—like”一词在译诗中保留了“碧玉”这一意象，再以英语明喻修辞手法填补隐喻意象空白。将“碧玉”暗指的“美女”变通为“(1ike)beauty’s figure”在译语字面上加以体现。这样的意象变通虽有失原诗的含蓄，但毕竟设法将译诗读者无法发觉和领悟的“象外之象”和“言外之意”揭示出来，帮他们扫除了理解的障碍。
3.结论
通过以上的汉诗英译的实例分析不难发现，造成译诗总体意蕴偏离原诗的原因在于译者只根据原诗的上下语境进行
翻译，往往忽略了对原诗文化语境的整体把握，忽略了译诗中英汉词汇的文化差异的处理。翻译文学作品难，译诗更难，译古诗更是难七加难。且不说结构，音韵，美感上的重建，单是词语层面上的文化意蕴就需渎者精心研究和准确传达，而这也是译诗成功的关键因素。
参考文献：
【1】辜正坤．中西诗比较鉴赏与翻译理论【M】．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
【2】黎翠珍．翻译评赏㈣．北京：中国青年出版社，2004． 【3】文殊．唐诗绝句名篇英译【M】．北京：外教出版社，1997． 【4】袁行霈．中国诗歌艺术研究【M】．北京：北京大学出版社，1998．
鸣谢
在哈师大西语学院英语系进行二学历学习期间，本着努力勤奋、钻研求实的精神度过了两年的学习生活。在此感谢英语系给我的这次宝贵的机会，让我离英语知识的巅峰又近了一步。特此感谢我的所有老师们，特别是为我批改毕业论文的袁凤荣老师，她为我提出中肯而可行的建议，使我对于在英语翻译方面的知识及中外文化的异同有了更系统的了解。衷心谢谢教过我的老师们，希望他们今后工作顺利！
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