2012职称英语押题

第一篇：2012职称英语押题

To Have and have not 1.why did the writer want to to have a change of scene 2.what attracted the writer the light coming from inside 3.the writer found the stock of top quality 4.what was unusual about the she seemed to know him 5.the writer disliked the back he saw nothing he really like

Going Her Own Way 1.maria wanted to attend technical high school 2.in those days,most Italian girls did not go to high school 3.you can infer from this passage only boys usually attend 4.maria’s father probably had very traditional views 5.high school teachers in Italy in quite strict

A Tale of Scottish Rural Life 1.what is sunset song mainly

the lives of rural Scottish 2.which statement is not true she married only once

3.what is the opening section

the history of kinraddie 4.who are responsible for ewan

the germans

5.the word sunset occurring in

the end of traditional life

Pop Music in Africa

1.this passage is about how

more serious than most 2.for people outside of Africa

both familiar and different 3.the musicians mentioned in

write about serious problems 4.eric wainaina music in boston 5.witness mwaijaga writes about

she has had a difficult life

Why So Many Children 1.in a traditional agricultural

can be an advantage 2.when countries become

the birth rate generally 3.according to this passage

industrialized low birth 4.Saudi Arabia is mentioned

Factors other than the 5.In mexico,Thailand,and

Has tried to improve the

EAT to Live

1.which of the following not

we have to begin dieting 2.why does the author mention

to illustrate the effect of 3.what can be inferred about

they are more likely to suffer 4.which of the following most

the mice that started dieting 5.according to the last two

dieting is not a good method

New us Plan for Disease Prevention 1.which is not true of chronic

they often result in unhealthy 2.the author mentions all the

higher survival rate for cancer 3.the article indicates that more

much less money needed for 4.the $15 million program is

promoting disease prevention 5.early cancer screening can help

cancer death rate

The Operation of International Airlines 1.in operating airlines it is essential

cater to the need of passengers 2.the following are all mentioned

the tourist industry is experiencing

3.the improvements the airlines

showing more movies during 4.there is not much the airlines

speeding up customs procedure 5.which of the following is a bad

travel on the flight they booked

Sauna

1.ceremonial bathing various forms 2.what is understood by some

saunas with smoke

3.according to the third except

curing asthma

4.according to the fourth because

pores are cleaned by sweat 5.who are advised not to take

all of the above

Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist 1.the question raised in the first

that was never thought of before 2.the project funded by the national

was to find out why some buildings 3.the column mentioned by dr.was part of the building close to 4.A surprising discovery made by

Some floor framing systems are 5.What dr.reinhorn said in the last

Blast engineering emerges as a Americans Get Touchy 1.the word “practically”in the

nearly 2.which is not among the embrace 3.some parents tearchers excep diseases could be transmitted 4.which following is true in some countries,it’s usual 5.we can infer that

positive

Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for 1.debenhams could most a department store 2.british women are happy the climate of great britain 3.we can infer from the second most women no longer wore 4.which following statements true from the age of 23,skirt length 5.the word “zoom” in the first soar

Defending the Theory of Evolution 1.according to the first paragraph school boards oppose AIBS’s 2.which one of not the reason darwin’s theory is denied as 3.AIBS is composed

more than 80

4.According to weis in the 5th

Is fundamental to the 5.Why do people replace the

The term creationism is too

Narrow Escape

1.why was it “too late” by the

rocks loosened by melting 2.the first reason given to

that climbers above you 3.what is likely to be cailloux

rocks are falling

4.what is sarcastic in the words

being hit by a rock isn’t 5.in what sense was toby ”safe”

the overhanging rock would

Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 1.scotland is thought to have

the ideas proposed by some 2.which of the following

to find ways to improve 3.smith’s idea of “enlightened

the prosperity of all nations 4.which of the following true

it is still alive in a broad sense 5.the institute for system level

the tradition of Scottish higher

The Beginning of American Literature 1.what does “that hope” in

the hope to start a new life 2.when did American literature

long before the year 1,000 3.what can we learn from the

about the everyday life of 4.the main purpose of the last

early-day experience 5.which of the following true

some british writers had great

Older Volcanic Eruptions

1.why did older volcanic eruptions

they killed off life more 2.how did wignall calculate

by comparing the proportion 3.when did dinosaurs become

million years ago 4.what can be inferred from

the cause of their extinction 5.what is the main thesis of

older volcanic eruptions were

School Lunch

Properly

provide choose finding Standards portion examined Consume understanding increased Criticize nutritional affect habits

prevent

A Powerful Influence

Ever Curious harmful staring at

absorbed

Make word holding Steps negotiating seriously discuss

Necessarily

absolutely going

The Old Gate

Reasons diseases demolished

Stroke actual boundary storage Unfashionable maintain set up Preservation down replaced Chance job

Family History

Attracted

find

fairly

one

Going

decision quite

cause Avoided

connected

treat

for way

get

might

Helen and Martin

Would up weakened curiosity Become warning bothered Confidence ignoring through Gaining on took help quiet

第二篇：2013职称英语abc押题

第十一篇 When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach

Our senses aren’t just delivering 汪 strict view of what’s going on in the world;they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads.A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on,inside our head affects our senses.For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter.Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens.Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index.On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating.Then they were told there was a delay.Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen.One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each.They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive.A quarter of the words were food-related.After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen — a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat.Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says.“This is something great to me.Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for.From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says.第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience

Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback.The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，” said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot’s creator.He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco.A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain” powered by an Android phone.Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device.In other words, if there’s an “app” for that, Shimi is ready.For instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound.Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo.If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion.Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph.D.candidate Mason Bretan.“Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive.’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume.The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list.Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities.“I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech.Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season.“If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一 small, entertaining and fun，，Weinberg said.“They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.”

第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright

Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day.These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question.But an international team of researchers, including Dr.Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high-quality resources.The team of researchers from the U.S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, “，said Dr.Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea.The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations:(a)when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c)when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time.Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four.Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一 even their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.2013年职称英语考试理工类教材新增内容：

第三篇 Giant Structures

It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since every year more __1__ constructions appear.Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our __2__ although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.The Petronas Twin Towers

The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.With a __3__ of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur.At the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city.The American __4__ Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.Constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around 1，800 square metres of office space __5__ every floor.And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other __6__ of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.The MiUau Bridge

The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley，in southern France.__7__ the time it was built，it was the world’s highest bridge, __8__ over 340m at the highest point.The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the worl D.It was built to __9__ Millau's congestion problems.The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain.The bridge was built to withstand the __10__ extreme seismic and climatic conditions.Besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years!

The Itaipu Dam

The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the worl D.It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, __11__ forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay.Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two __12__.The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size.In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s __13__ needs.In its construction, the __14__ of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers.It is a __15__ amazing wonder of engineering.第八篇 Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures

The vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp __1__ in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental __2__ The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the __3__.It is also causing serious public health problems __4__ the Indian sub-continent.While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians，vultures have __5__played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean.It is __6__they feed on dead cows.In India, cows are sacred animals and are __7__ left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.The disappearance of the vultures has __8__ an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals.There are fears that rabies may __9__ as a result.And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers.Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the __10__.The need for action is __11__, so an emergency project has been launched to __12__ a solution to this serious vulture problem.Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds，deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.Large-scale vulture __13__ were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India.A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined __14__ over 90 per cent.All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”.As most vultures lay only single eggs and __15__ about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.第十三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but __1__ now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector.That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more __2__ but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of __3_.Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower __4__.And it，s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a __5__ in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.”

Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, __6__ known as thin-film silicon.They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper.And, because they __7__ much less silicon, they have a greener footprint.Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are __8__ to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency __9__ when you expose them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains，which is one of the __10__ thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new __11__ of PVT.You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work.In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling __12__ of water, they could make thicker cells that largely __13__ the Staebler-Wronski effect.When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy __14__ , they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they __15__ the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.

第三篇：2012职称英语B级押题

词汇选项（同义词）

1.It was(advisable)for an old couple to adopt an orphan, as they had no children of their own.C.sensible 2.There are several things to(take into consideration)when you are searching.-A.take into account 3.About eight at night, and already very（weary）, I came to a long house.D.exhausted 4.The revival of corporate-bond markets, if（sustained）, would be good news.-B.maintained 5.She was（strolling）as though she had no particular objective.C.sauntering 6.We're getting a（wage）increase of 40 a year, before tax.C.salary 7.The King is a（mighty）monarch but full of pride, harsh and cruel.A.forceful 8.His account is correct except that some details are（omitted）.-B.elided 9.I'll（answer for）it you shall have nothing put upon you here.-C.take the responsibility of 10.In such cases there is normally a（swift）collapse of value.A.fast 11.It seems that the two friends meet masked and（vaguely）know each other through the disguise.-B.dimly 12.We have a tight schedule for your(brief)visit.-C.short-lived 13.Some of the women in the office felt（dizzy）and screamed.-C.faint 14.No rich country has laid out a（credible）, medium-term fiscal plan-B.believable

15.If they are（unwilling）, the only way to maintain a friendship is to socialize outside their homes.-D.reluctant

词汇选项（同义词）

1.We will give every staff(space)to develop.B.room

2.He was known as a(reliable)man.A.faithful

3.He(achieved)success by working hard.B.attained

4.This book isn't(funny)at all.C.amusing

5.Idleness is the(root)of all evil.-C.cause

6.Mary decided to(take out)her bad tooth.-C.extract

7.He is a(highly)competent teacher.-B.quite

8.Can you(account for)why we lost?16.Physicians are prohibited to talk about the topic of sex selection.A.Right

17.Before the study of sex selection, data showing the demand was blank.A.Right

18.In the study 332 women wanted to choose the sex of a future child.B.Wrong

19.Every woman would like to have her next child of the opposite sex.B.Wrong

20.Now in China there are two methods of sex selection being used.C.Not mentioned 21.In vitro fertilization means pre-implantation genetic diagnosis.B.Wrong

22.The method of sperm separation is cheaper than the method of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis.A.Right

概括大意和完成句子――Washoe学会了美国手语

Washoe Learned American Sign Language 23.Paragraph 1____ C.General Information about Washoe 24.Paragraph 2____ B.Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language 25.Paragraph 3____ E.Debate on Chimps' Intelligence 26.Paragraph 4____ A.Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays 27.Washoe could make signs to communicate____.C.when she wanted to eat 28.Some scientists doubted____.A.if the Gardeners' argument was sound 29.Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language_____.D.while she was at research center in Ellensburg 30.The experiments thought Washoe was intelligent _____.E.becuase she could use sign language to ask for fruits 概括大意和完成句子――对别人的第一印象是怎样形成的 How We Form First Impression 23.Paragraph 2

D.Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories 24.Paragraph 3

C.Illustration of First Impression 25.Paragraph 4

B.Comment on First Impression 26.Paragraph 5

A.Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions

27.Sensory information is one that is received through ___.E.the sights and sounds of the world

28.You interpret ___by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.D.the meaning of incoming sensory information

29.The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to ___.C.the immature form of thinking of a very young people

30.We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to ___.B.the most complex areas of our cortex

概括大意和完成句子――移动卡之间的债务可以节省您的钱

Moving Debt Between Cards Can Save You Money 23.Paragraph 2

B.Take up teaser offers 24.Paragraph 3

C.Check the small print 25.Paragraph 4

D.Keep Track of Time 26.Paragraph 5

F.Moving Around and Your Credit Rating

27.Chances are that you would get a cheaper or better card because_____.C.the credit card industry is so competitive.28.These teaser rates will save you a lot of money especially_____.A.if you switch to another card's teaser rate.29.You'll have to pay interest at the normal rate_____.B.if you miss the end of the teaser period by even a day.30.Bear in mind that the longer you move debt around for,_____.F.the fewer companies will want to send you their very best teaser rates.所属题型：阅读理解――看许久以前的世界

Seeing the World Centuries Ago

If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur。。。more than 75,000 miles.31.This passage is mostly about____.C.where three early travel writers went and wrote about 32.Ibn Battutah traveled____.C.throughout the Muslim world 33.The books of the three writers were popular because____.B.they told of strange and exotic locales 34.The overall organization of this passage is through____.A.chronological order 35.In this passage “attest” means to____.D.give proof of 所属题型：阅读理解――“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵——是死是活

“Lucky” Lord Lucan—Alive or Dead

On 8th November 1974。。。。if it can close the book on this one.36.The public are still interested in the investigation because ____.C.Lord Lucan has never been found 37.It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because ____.C.it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan 38.Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself by ____.D.sinking his boat 39.Lucan could have been killed because people ____.B.thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught 40.EX-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr.Barry Haplin ____.C.was really Lord Lucan in disguise 所属题型：阅读理解――讲述可怕的过去

Tales of the Terrible Past

It is not the job of。。。historical situations alive for a modern audience.41.This passage is mostly about____.D.two novels that deal with slavery 42.Beloved is set____.C.in Ohio after the Civil War

43.The writer seems to feel that____.B.the books are worthwhile but challenging 44.The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their____.D.portrayal of violence

45.The word “appalling” means____.A.terrible

阅读理解――撒哈拉沙漠

The Sahara

The name Sahara。。。。The round trip across the vast sands takes one month.31.This passage is mostly about____.A.life in the Sahara

32.Rainfall in most of the Sahara is____.A.less than five inches per year

33.The Sahara can be described as____.A.a place of contrasts

34.The phrase “an area roughly the size of the United States” gives an indication of the size of____.C.the Sahara

35.In this passage caravan means____.B.a group traveling together through difficult country

阅读理解――芭蕾舞的发展

The Development of Ballet

Ballet is a dance form that has。。。。1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.。

36.This passage deals mainly with____.C.the way ballet developed

37.An important influence in early ballet was____.D.Louis XIV

38.You can conclude from this passage that ballet____.B.will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it

39.The information in this passage is presented____.D.in chronological order

40.The word pageants means____.D.elaborate shows 阅读理解――《晚宴派对》

The Dinner Party

I first heard this。。。。Because it was crawling across my foot.“ 41.Which of the statements about the dining room is NOT true? C.It has limited space.42.In the discussion the major says in any crisis a man C.has that ounce more of control than a woman has.43.The American feels startled when he sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda in that A.he knows there must be a cobra in the dining room.44.Instead of warnning the others, the American asks them C.not to move a muscle while he is counting.45.What does the American do when he sees the cobra emerge?

D.He jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut.阅读理解――索非娅。罗兰

Sophia Loren 31.Sophia Loren was once nicknamed Stechetto because C.she was skinny and little.32.Her first taste of glamour gained her C.a train ticket to Rome and $35.33.In another beauty contest Sofia won A.the second place.34.Which of the following statements about Carlo Ponti is NOT true? D.He first got married in 1957.35.When did Loren and Ponti legally get married? D.In 1966 阅读理解――走私

Smuggling

It is not unusual。。。surprises us.” 36.The dog was different from others in that A.it had an unusual lump on its body.37.The smuggler uses snakes to C.transport the drugs.38.How many pounds of heroin were estimated to be smuggled into the United States in 1994? B.2,577 39.Which of the following could best replace

the expression “small fry” in the third paragraph?

C.Small smugglers

40.What is this article about?

C.Varied drug transportation methods 阅读理解――作出暂时的牺牲的爱

Making a Temporary Sacrifice of Love

For two years,。。be for the rest of our lives.41.What does Hurley's husband do？ B.He is a student.42.In tradition, what kind of husband do American women want?

C.Men with higher education.43.When making the sacrifice, those women will face the following difficulties EXCEPT that

D.others' misunderstanding.44.What does the word “breadwinner” in paragraph five mean?

A.The person who supports the family.45.What is Mike's attitude towards the future of his family in the hard days? B.Optimistic.补全短文――虚拟驾驶员

Virtual Driver

Driving involves sharp。。。should be like.46.()D.But how does an intelligent car control itself?

47.()C.This is the brain of the car.48.()E.It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.49.()A.Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.50.()B.In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.补全短文――如何帮助孩子克服恐惧

Help the Children Conquer Fear

Many parents struggle。。particularly fears of imaginary creatures.46.()C.The study appears in the November 2009 issue of the journal Child Development.47.()A.Each story featured a child alone or with another person.48.()F.They were also asked to offer a way to help the child in the story feel less afraid.49.()D.In these situations, girls more often wanted to avoid the creature than boys.50.()B.But older children tended to suggest reminding themselves what the reality was.补全短文――远程办公

Telecommuting

Telecommuting, substituting the computer for the trip to the job,。。。。That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.46.()C.For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board by eliminating commutes.47.()E.Those local governments also believe the use of telecommuting can improve air quality.48.()A.She hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.49.()F.Because young children cannot recognize the necessary boundaries between work and family.50.()D.Besides workers, telecommuting management too must separate the myth from the reality.所属题型：完形填空――职业母亲

Working Mothers

Carefully conducted。。。(65)that matters.51.（）A.view

52.（）C.number

53.（）A.afford

54.（）C.necessity 55.（）B.cut 56.（）D.comes

57.（）C.across

58.（）C.In reality

59.（）B.matter

60.（）A.perfectly

61.（）C.members

62.（）D.plenty of 63.（）B.attached

64.（）D.do

65.（）A.quality

完形填空――有鸟陪伴的生活

A Life with Birds 51.（）B.better

52.（）D.top

53.（）C.From

54.（）A.for

55.（）D.offered

56.（）C.hesitation

57.（）A.aware

58.（）B.maintaining

59.（）B.make

60.（）A.devotes

61.（）D.fact

62.（）C.keep

63.（）C.At first

64.（）B.keen

65.（）B.all

完形填空――城市交通

Traffic in Our Cities

The volume of traffic(65)at an acceptable level.51.（）A.of

52.（）D.persuade

53.（）A.approach

54.（）B.increasing

55.（）D.taking away 56.（）C.breaks

57.（）D.known

58.（）B.number

59.（）A.fixed

60.（）C.dealing

61.（）A.outskirts

62.（）D.final

63.（）B.thing

64.（）C.give up

65.（）B.kept

第四篇：2013职称英语押题阅读理解

C级押题 Eat to Live A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it‘s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don‘t start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse‘s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.The genetic rejuvenation won‘t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler‘s team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old —

equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production 一

probably bad news for mouse health.In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes.But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,‖ says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D.C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful.―There‘s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,‖ he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver.As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example.A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn‘t sure the trade-off is worth it.―The mice get less disease, they live longer, but they‘re hungry,‖ he says.―Even seeing what a diet does, it‘s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: ‗I can only eat half of that,.‖

Spindler hopes we soon won‘t need to diet at all.His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.词汇：

meager adj.不足的 youthful adj.有青春活力的

vigor n.精力，活力

metabolize vt.使（一种物质）进入新陈代谢过程

genetic adj.基因的 rejuvenation n.恢复活力，返老还童 注释：

1.hang on to ：继续保留。例如：You should hang on to that painting 一

it might be worth a lot of money one day.你应该继续保留那幅画-----或许有一天它会值很多钱。

2.The genetic rejuvenation won‘t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins：老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆转老鼠在其他方面的老化，但却有助于肝脏代谢药物或除去毒素。other damage caused by time 岁月造成的莫他方面的破坏，即―其他方面的老化‖。metabolize drugs：代谢药物，即―使药物参与新陈代谢以提高药效‖。get rid of：摆脱，除去。

3.half-ration和 half-feed 都是指―老鼠饲料正常定量（normal diet)的一半‖。

4.free radical production:指体内自由基的产生(形成）。

5.kick in：意为―开始起作用‖。

如：We‘re still waiting for the air conditioning to kick in.我们还在等着空调开始起作用。

6.be worth it：意为―值得，有益‖。如：They are expensive, but they are worth it.那些东西很贵，但划得来。练习：

1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.C Dieting might not be needed.D We have to begin dieting since childhood.2.Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? A To describe the influence of old age on mice.B To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.C To tell us how mice‘s liver genes behave.D To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.3.What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? A They will not experience free radical production.B They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.C They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.D They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4.According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?

A The mice that started dieting in old age.B 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.C Calorie restriction that works in people.D Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.5.According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that A calorie restriction is very important to young people.B seeing the effect of a diet, people will like to eat less than normal.C dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.D drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction.答案与题解：

1.D第一段第一句讲―节食可能不是非做不可的事‖，第二句讲―即使上了年纪再节食，我们

仍然有可能在很大程度上保持青春活力‖，因此，―我们必须从小就开始节食‖是错误的，D是答案。

2.B第二段提及―一只髙龄老鼠‖的时候，作者谈到，―只要连续四周限制它进食，它的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力‖。据此，―为了描述节食对老鼠所产生的影响‖最好地回答了题干中的问题o 3.D 第四段提到，―正常饲养的老鼠随着年龄的增长有 46 条肝脏基因会发生变化，这种变化与炎症和有机体组织无限激增有关‖，因此，D正确。

4.A 第四段最后一个句子讲―但最惊人的发现是那些上了年纪才开始节食的老鼠也能从70%的基因变化中受益‖。―最惊人的‖自然是―最令研究人员感兴趣的‖。

5.C 文章的最后两段谈及 Spindler 对节食的看法。首先，他不能肯定节食是否值得。.其次, 他希望在不久的将来，我们不必节食。所以我们可以推知，他认为节食不是得以健康长寿的好办法。参考译文

为生存而食

粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，但这并不有趣——很有可能也没必要。即便在年老以后才

开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。

加州大学 Riverside 分校的斯蒂芬•斯潘德尔及其同事发现，只要连续四周限制一些衰老的老鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力。虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆

转它们在其他方面的老化，但是却有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除毒素。

斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠正常量的饲料，而给另外三只老鼠正常量饲料的一半，给三只 34个月大的老鼠（相当于人类年龄的 70岁）喂了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三只老鼠的饲料量是正常的。

研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的 11,000 种基因的活性，发现正常饲养的老鼠有46 种基因随

年龄的改变而改变。这些改变都与体内自由基的产生有关——这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息。而对于那些终身都在节食的老鼠来说，那 46种基因中的 27 种仍然继续保持着青春活力。但

是最令人吃惊的发现却是那些只是在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于 70%的基因变异。

―这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的暗示‖，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家老年学学院的哈勃•华纳说。

至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人类来说是否如同对老鼠那样有效，但是斯潘德尔对此充满了希望：―有足以引人注意的证据表明这同样有效。‖ 如果这确实也对人类有效，我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢复活力。举个例子，随着我们一天天衰老，我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来越没有效率。短时期内的节食，斯潘德尔说到，完全足以保证药效。

但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试。―老鼠患病少了，寿命延长了，但是它们很饥饿，‖他说，―即使能清楚地认识到节食的功效，人们仍然很难在餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。‖ 斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食。他的公司，加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传学公司，正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的药物

C级押题 Common-cold Sense You can‘t beat it, but you don‘t have to join it.2 Maybe it got the name ―common cold‖ because it‘s more common in winter.The fact is, though, being cold doesn‘t have anything to do with getting one 3.Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one4.Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults – an average of about eight per year.Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple.They haven‘t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice.Being infected by one makes you immune to it – but only it.5

Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing.From another person‘s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.6 The highest concentration of cold viruses 7 anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.Hygiene is your best defense.Wash your‘ hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.But even careful hygiene won‘t ward off 8 every cold.So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose 9 strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start.But you‘ll also find some of the folk remedies10 worth trying.Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey), lemon, and water have-real benefits.词汇：

rhinovirus ／ n.鼻病毒

preferably ／adv.更可取地，更好地 virus ／n．病毒

disinfectant／n． 消毒剂，杀菌剂

immune／adj.免疫的，有免疫力的 prescription ／n．诀窍；处方，药infect ／vt．传染，侵染，感染

sneeze／vi．打喷嚏

remedy ／n．治疗，治疗法，药品

thumbnail／n．拇指甲 注释：

1．标题―common-cold sense‖实际上是在单词―commonsense‖（常识）中插入cold（感冒）一词，意为―关于感冒的常识‖。2．―You can‘t beat it, but you don‘t have to join it‖字面上的意思是―你无法打败它，但你并不是非得加入它的行列不可‖，实际上指的是目前尚没找到彻底对付感冒的办法，但至少我们可以试图预防感冒。

3． ．．．being cold doesn‘t have anything to do with getting one。动名词短语―being cold‖意思是―感到冷‖，在句中作主语；动词短语―not have anything to do with something‖意思是―与某事无关‖，在句中作谓语；最后一个不定代词―one‖指的是―一种感冒‖，作宾语。整句话的意思是―受凉和得感冒并没有什么因果关系‖。

4.．．． medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.医学与其说能教你如何摆脱感冒，不如说它能告诉你如何预防感冒。

5．Being infected by one makes you immune to it--but only it.被一种病毒感染过后使你对它产生免疫力——但只是对这种（病毒）而言。be immune to sth．意思是―对某物有免疫力‖或―不受某事的影响‖。

6.From another person‘s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route．这是一个倒装句，按照正常语序句子应该是The most common route is from another person‘s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes，意为―最普通的（传染）途径是从别人的手传到你的手中，再传到你的鼻子或眼睛里去‖。

7．The highest concentration of cold viruses：感冒病菌最集中的地方 8．ward off:避开，防止 9．runny nose:流鼻涕

10．folk remedies:土药方，偏方 全文翻译

关于感冒的常识

目前尚没有找到彻底对付感冒的方法，但至少我们可以预防感冒。感冒这一名称的由来是因为这种病症常见于冬天。而事实上受凉和感冒并没有什么因果关系。感冒是由鼻病毒的传播引起的，而且直到今天，医学能告诉你的只是如何去预防而不是如何根治感冒。

感冒病毒经常通过儿童传染给成人，因为儿童易得感冒——平均一年里有8次左右。为什么小孩比父母更加容易得感冒？答案很简单。儿童不可能对多种感冒病毒都具有免疫能力。

感冒病毒有150多种。一个人不可能两次感染上同一病毒。被一种病毒感染后人体就会产生对它的免疫力。但这种免疫力只是针对这一种病毒。

感冒传播的途径通常不是打喷嚏和咳嗽，而是身体的直接接触。最普通的途径是从别人的手传到你的手中，再传到你的鼻子或眼睛里去。感冒病毒最集中的地方是小孩的拇指甲盖里，尽管在皮肤等光滑表面上病毒也能存活几个小时。

保持卫生是最好的预防方法：经常用消毒肥皂洗手，尤其是当家里有小孩患感冒时。

然而即使注意卫生也不能预防所有的感冒。当你咳嗽、打喷嚏、流鼻涕时该怎么办？

服两片阿司匹林，大量喝水，睡一觉，这个老法子还是很有效的。也可以试试一些偏方，用热开水加糖（或蜂蜜）和柠檬汁内服，这个方法也很管用。练习：

1.According to the essay, you may have a cold because A

the weather is too cold.B

the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.C another person‘s coughing passes the cold to you.D you wash your hands too often.2.The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is A to keep yourself clean.B

to use a disinfectant soap.C to take two aspirins every day.D to drink lots of water.3.Children have more colds because A

they are usually infected about eight times each year.B

they are not immune to many cold viruses yet.C

they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty.D

they don‘t like eating lemon.4.When you are having a cold, A

it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time.B

it may be the same kind of cold that ‗you had last time.C

It is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.D

it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time.5.When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT A coughing.B

Having a sore throat.C having a runny nose.D having a stomachache.答案与题解：

1．B 第一段虽然提到了感冒常发生于冬天，但紧接下去说得很清楚：受凉并不会导致感冒，所以A不是正确答案。文章第四段第一句说得明白：感冒通常是由于与感冒的人身体直接接触而传染的，而不是由打喷嚏或咳嗽传染的，所以C项也不是正确答案。至于D更是错误。答案B与第一段第四句的意义相吻合，因此是正确答案。

2．A 第五段的第一句话―Hygiene is your best defense‖意思是―卫生是你的最佳防御‖，与A项相吻合，因此A项是正确答案。同一段中提到的用消毒肥皂洗手，虽然也是保持卫生的手段之一，但仅是一个具体措施，不是全部措施，所以B项不是正确答案oc项提到的服阿司匹林是治感冒的手段之一，而非预防手段（况且没有说到―一天服两片‖！）D项提到的多喝水在文中也指治疗手段，所以C和D都不是正确答案。

3．B 第二段中提到儿童平均一年得八次感冒，这是一个统计数据而不是儿童得感冒的原因；文中并没有说―儿童从不洗手‖；文中也没有说―儿童不喜欢吃柠檬‖；所以A、C、D都不对。B项与第二段最后一句意思一样，是正确答案。4．C 第三段提到有150多种感冒病毒，而人们绝不会被同一种病毒侵害两次，因为得了一次感冒后对相应的病毒就获得了免疫力，所以只有C项才符合第三段的内容。

5．D 本题谈的是文中提及的感冒症状。文中并没有提到得了感冒就胃疼，实际上文中根本就没有―stomachache‖这个词或相关的字眼，所以D项是正确答案。

C级押题

Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at

Bay Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest.In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a ―positive emotional style‖5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.―People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,‖ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.―And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.‖

Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional ―style‖.Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.He researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production.Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.词汇：

bay／n．绝境，穷途末路

flu／（influenza的简称）n．流(行性)感（冒）virus ／n.病毒

disposition ／n．本性，性情

psychosomatic ／adj.心身的，身心的boost／vt．& n．提高，举起 scratchy／adj．刺痛的，使人发痒的 runny／adj.流黏液的 Pittsburgh／n．匹兹堡（美国城市）

colleague／n．同事 susceptible／adj, 易感的，敏感的catch／vt．感染到 trait ／n.特质；特性

perceive／vt．发觉，觉察；理解

energetic／adj.精力充沛的，精饱满的 easy-going／adj．随和的 tense ／adj.紧张的 hostile／adj.敌意的

nasal ／adj.鼻的 ache／n．（长时间连续的）疼痛，酸痛 sneeze ／vi．打喷嚏

congestion ／n.充血

mucus ／n．黏液

woe ／n.痛苦，苦恼；（复）灾难，苦头 注释：

1．Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay：情绪乐观的人不易患感冒。warm people原意是―热心肠的人，情绪高昂的人‖，keep/hold..at bay是―使……走投无路，不使……接近‖的意思，因此本题目如果直译则是―情绪高昂的人可能让感冒不能得逞‖或―情绪高昂的人可能远离感冒‖或―情绪高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外‖。

2．staying positive:保持积极向上（的情绪）

3．exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus：使健康的志愿者接触感冒（病毒）或流感病毒。expose原意是―使暴露，使面临‖，这里expose sb．to sth．是―使……接触……‖的意思。4．sunny disposition:乐观开朗的个性

5．positive emotional style:乐观情绪型，情绪积极型 6．scratchy throat:嗓子痛

7．susceptible to:对……敏感的，容易受到……影响的 8．as to: 关于，至于 全文翻译：

乐观情绪助你远离感冒

最新研究显示，保持乐观积极的情绪是预防感冒的最佳途径。一项令健康受试者接触感冒病毒的实验证明，积极情绪类型的受试者受感染的几率相对较小。

这个名为―积极情绪可以帮助预防感冒及其他疾病‖的发现被刊登在《身心医学》期刊上，而究其原因则分为客观和主观两方面。客观原因是积极乐观的情绪有助于增强免疫系统的功能，而主观原因则是：心情快乐的人较少受到咽痛和流鼻涕的困扰。

来自匹兹堡卡内基，梅隆大学的Sheldon Cohen博土是此研究的主要参与者，他解释道―积极情绪类型的人对于病毒的免疫反应可能较常人不同‖，―而且当患感冒时，他们往往不会把自己的病情想象得太糟糕。‖

在此前一项更早的研究中，Cohen及其同事就曾经发现，积极情绪型的人对感冒病毒似乎不太敏感，但当时并不能确定引起这种区别的是性格特征因素。

在这次新的研究实验中，研究者对193名健康的受试者进行了规范的性格测试，包括自我认为的健康程度以及情绪类型等。其中那些更倾向于心情愉快、精力充沛且平易近人的受试者为积极情绪型，而那些总是心情不快、紧张并对旁人心存敌意的受试者则属于消极情绪类型。研究者给每位受试者提供了含有感冒病毒或某类流感病毒的滴鼻液，在接下来的六周里，每位受试者每天汇报他们各自的身体反应，如疼痛、鼻塞、打喷嚏等。而研究者则要统计各种客观数据，如受试者每日黏液分泌物化验结果等。根据实验的一些客观统计数据（如鼻涕化验结果），Cohen及其同事发现，积极情绪类型的人患感冒的机会相对更小一些。练习：

1.According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think A

that their illness is very serious.B

That their illness is not so serious.C

that they do not get any illness at all.D

that the illness they get is not a mild one.2.People with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A happy.B selfish.C easy-going.D energetic.3.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have？ A Hostile.B Unhappy.C Warm-blooded.D Tense.4.How did the researchers test their volunteers? A

By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.B

By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.C

By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.D

By investigating everyone‘s characteristics, interests and hobbies.5.Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected? A Mucus production.B Aches and pains.C

Sneezing or congestion.D Blood test.答案与题解：

1．B 本题答案来自第三段，其中第二句说：―当他们的确患感冒时，他们认为病情并不太严重。

2．B 选项A、C、D在第五段第二句均提到，只有B项没提到，而且从逻辑推理，情绪乐观的人绝不会是―自私自利‖的人。

3．C 选项A、B、D也均在第五段第二句提到，而C项―热情洋溢‖也不应属于情绪低落、消极的人所应有的性格特征。

4．A 第六段第一句说的就是―研究者给这些志愿者一些含有感冒病毒或某种流感病毒的滴鼻剂‖，这正是本题答案。

5．D 选项A、B、C在第六段第二句均提到，而D项则不在其中之列。

第五篇：2014年职称英语理工A押题整理

Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?

A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2.Dr.Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding

B.what made our ancestors walk upright.3.Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.C.liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs四肢 during Kyoto University's experiment?

D.Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.What can we infer from the reading passage?

D.Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.Batteries Built by Viruses 1.According to the first paragraph, people try to

C.Stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.2.What is Belcher’s team doing at present?

C.It is making batteries with viruses

3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word ―shrink‖ appearing in paragraph 5?

D.Expand 4.Which of the following is true of Belcher’s battery mentioned in paragraph 6?

D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5.How tiny is one battery part?

A.Its width is one tenth of a hair.Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers”

1.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?

C.Because their activity affects the environment.2.As predators, ants

A.prey on small as well as large animals.3.Dir Sanders’ study centered on how ants

D.produce such a big impact on the environment 4.What does paragraph 6 tell us?

B.Ants bring about a positiveinfluence to an area when their population is small 5.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?

C.How do human activities affect ants’ influence on a given ecosystem?

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety 1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?

D.Female teachers’ confidence信心 in their math skills is related to girl’s math skills.2.What is implied暗示 in the third paragraph?

B.A difficult subject like math may affect teachers’ confidence in teaching the subject.3.According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt

C.uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt 4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings

A.prove a strong link between female teachers’ math anxiety and their female students’ math achievements 5.David Geary thinks that

B.the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.Cell Phones Increase Traffic Pedestrian Fatalities 1.The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D.Loeb

D.both A and C.2.According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities?

B.Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass 3.What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?

B.The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use 4.What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?

A.It had a life-taking effect because there weren’t enough cell phones in use then.5.Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question ― What caused the ―life-saving effect‖ to occur in the early 1990s?‖

B.The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million

U．S．Scientists Confirm Water on Mars 1.What was discovered by NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?

C.Water in a soil sample.2.Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?

C.The samples got stuck inside the scoop 3.Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?

A.Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars 4.Where are the scientists involved in the research from?

C.They are from both America and Canada.5.Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your understanding of the passage?

A.It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 1.According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory or evolution is true?

B.School boards oppose反对 AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.2.Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin's theory?

D.Darwin's theory is denied拒绝，否定 as the central theory of biology.3.AIBS's is composed of.A.more than 80 societies and 250,000 members

4.According to Weis in the 5th paragraph, the theory of evolution_______.A.is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and geonomics 5.Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays?

D.Because the term creationism is too direct.Renewable Energy Sources 1.What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article?

D.A and B.2.China’s Three Gorges Dam

C.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world.3.Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?

B.Norway.4.Which of the following statements is true of wind power?

D.All of the above.5.According to the article, resources such as wind

B.are renewable so sustainable.Too Little for Global Warming

1.What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?

D.Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth’s doomsday will never materialize.2.Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree to

B.cut CO2 emissions.3.What are the estimates of the world’s oil and gas reserves?

D.3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.4.Which of the following about Nebojsa NaJcicenovic is true?

D.He thinks that IPCC’s estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.5.Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic’s assertion that ―… such a switch would be disastrous..."

B.A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.Clone Farm 1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?

C.Cloned chickens are bulk-produced大量生产 with the same growth rate, weight and taste 2.Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?

A.The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology

3.In the third paragraph, by saying― Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,‖ Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes

D.chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed

4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?

C.Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines

5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that

A.farmers can order certain strains of chicken only

【完型填空】

Free Stains With Fast Food Could Neutrailze Heart Risk Fast food outlets could1 provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London2 suggest in a new study.Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ―LDL‖ cholesterol3 in the blood.A wealth of trial data4 has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk

In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology5, Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is.enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who is the senior author of the study, said: ―Statins don’t cut out all of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries6.It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether.But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.―

N’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed.It makes sense7 to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge.It would cost less than 5 pence per customer —— not much different to a sachet of sugar8, ― Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, like wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a stain is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil ―liquefaction‖2 that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows.We’ve seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,‖ said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5.―Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,‖ Ashford said.―The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and Infrastructure these communities need to function.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.‖

Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It’s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse.But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.― With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,‖ he said.―And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable.‖

The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.There’s no doubt that we’ll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar events,‖ Ashford said.―Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.‖ Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction – on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The ―young‖ sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse – even as they tilted and sank into the ground.Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters

It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1.They are thought to attack people frequently.But these fish2 perform a valuable service for earth’s waters and for human beings.Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their existence.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth.Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity.Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters.Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,where people also swim.In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans.They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion.That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the times when sharks are looking for food.Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4.It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals.These powerful senses help sharks find their food.Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense and immune systems against disease.Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries.They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world’s oceans.They eat injured and diseased fish.Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great.This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.