第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

第一篇：第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

一、名词性从句的翻译

包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

（一）主语从句

① what ,whatever ,whoever,whether ,when ,where ,how ,why 等词引导翻译时，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译

例1.What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。例2.Whatever is worth doing should be done well.任何值得做的事情都应该做好。

例3.Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都没有关系。

例4.When we can bengin the expedition is still a question.我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决。例5.How he is going to do it is a mystery.他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷。

② 用it做形式主语的主语从句，把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。例1.It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。（it没有翻译）

例2.It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。（it翻译为“这”）例3.It is strange that she should have faild to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。（it不用翻译，还可以翻译为“奇怪的是....”）

（二）宾语从句

①

用that ,what ,how ,when ,which ,why ,whether ,if 等引起的宾语从句。翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。

例1.I told him that because of the last condition ,I’d have to turn it down.我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只能谢绝。例2.Can you hear what I say ? 你听得到我所讲的吗? 例3.I don’t know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游过了那条河。

例4.I don’t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。

例5.He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。例6.Smith replied that he was sorry.斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。

例7.He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。

② 在翻译的时候，that 所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译；it有时候可以不用翻译。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

例1.I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。（it没有翻译）例2.I heard it said that he had gone abroad.听说他已经出国了。（it没有翻译）

例3.I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被选参加会议，感到光荣。（it没有翻译）

例4.We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。（it翻译为“这”）

（三）表语从句

例1.It seems that it is going to snow.看起来要下雪了。

例2.That is why Jack got scolded.这就是杰克受到训斥的原因。

例3.The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。

例4.His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。

（四）同位语从句

能借同位语从句的名词主要有：belief(相信),fact(事实),hope(希望),idea(想法，观点),doubt(怀疑),news(新闻，消息),rumor(传闻),conclusion(结论),evidence(证据),suggestion(建议),problem(问题),order(命令),answer(回答),decision(决定),discovery(发现),explanation(解释),information(消息),knowledge(知识),law(法律),opinion(意见，观点),truth(真理，事实),promise(承诺),report(报告),thought(思想),statement(声明),rule(规定),possibility(可能)等。

① 一般来说，同位语从句可以直接翻译在主语后面。

例1.He expressed the hope that he would come over to vosit China again.他表示希望再到中国来访问。例2.There is a possibility that he is a spy.有可能他是一个间谍。

② 有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修饰语，但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。

例1.We know the fact that bodies possess weight.我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实。

例2.The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。

③ 增加“即”（或者“以为”、“这样”）的词来连接，或用冒号、破折号直接分开主语和同位语从句。

例1.But this dose not in any way allter the fact that they are now ,from a practical point of view ,irrational.但这却丝毫改变不了一个事实，即从实用的观点来看，他们今天仍是不合理的。例2.We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的唯一标准。

例3.Not long ago ,the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现—可以把这种废物变成塑料。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

二、定义从句的翻译

重要性：绝对重点，绝对难点，绝对要掌握

翻译考点重要性排序：定语从句>状语从句>被动结构>名词性从句 英语中定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

（一）前置法

把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。例1.He who has never tasted what is better dose not konw what is sweet.没吃过苦得人不知道什么是甜。

例2.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。

例3.His laughter ,which was infectious ,broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。

（二）后置法

把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。

1.重复先行词

例1.I told the story to John ,who told it to his brother.我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

例2.We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在此我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。

例3.You ,whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research ,have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.我们的先辈在天文研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。

例4.Although he lacks experience ,he has enterprise and creativity ,which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足，但有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。

2.省略先行词

例1.It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。

例2.They work out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。

（三）融合法

把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。例1.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。

例2.In our factory ,there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。

例3.We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志。

例4.She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。

（四）状译法

把定语从句翻译成汉语中的状语从句

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

1.译成表示“时间”的分句

例1.A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with other or be absent-minded.司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。

2.译成表示“原因”的分句

例1.He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith ,who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。

3.译成表示“条件”的分句

例1.Men become desperate for work ,any work ,which will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。

4.译成表示“让步”的分句

例1.He insisted on buying another house ,which he had no use for.尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。

5.译成表示“目的”的分句

例1.He wish to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。例2.He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。

6.译成表示“结果”的分句

例1.They tried to stamp out the revolt ,which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。

7.译成表示“转折”的分句

例1.She was very patient towards the children ,which her huaband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心，而她的丈夫却很少这样。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

三、状语从句的翻译

单个单词作状语的情况

法则：灵活运用

状语从句可以表示：时间、原因、条件、让步、目的和结果等意义。

（一）时间状语从句

时间状语从句的连接词常常有：

when(当...的时候),whenever(每当...),as(当...时),since(自从...),until(直到...，如果不...), till(直到...),before(在...前),after(在...后),as soon as(一...就),once(一旦...), the moment(一...就),immediately(一...就),the day(在...那天),no sooner...than(一...就), hardly(scarcely)...when(一...就),the instant(一...就),instantly(一...就),directly(一...就), the minute(一...就),the second(一...就),every time(每当...),by the time(等到...的时候)等。① 译成相应的时间状语

例1.While she spoke ,the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。

例2.She came in when I was having supper.我正在吃饭的时候，她进来了。

例3.As he finished the speech ,the audience burst into applause.他结束讲话的时候，听众掌声雷动。② 译成“一（刚、每当）...就”的结构 例1.I’ll let you know as soon as I have it arranged.我一安排好就通知你。

例2.Directly he uttered these words ,there was a dead silence.他刚说出这些话，大家就沉默下来。

③ 译成条件句

例1.Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。

例2.A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.若无外力的作用，静止的物体不会移动。

例3.We can’t start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.如果没有有关当局的批准，我们不能开始这项工作。

（二）原因状语从句

英语中，原因状语从句的连接词常常是：

because(因为),since(既然，由于),as(因为),now that(既然),seeing that(既然), considering that(考虑到，因为),in that(在某方面),in view of the fact that(鉴于)。

① 译成表“因为”的分句，放在主句前翻译，显示“前因后果”的关系。例1.The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干燥，作物欠收。

例2.We had to put the meeting off ,since so many people were absent.由于很多人没有来，会议只好延期。

② 用汉语的“之所以...是因为”的结构来连接。例1.He will get promoted ,for he has done good work.5

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

他之所以得到提升，是因为他工作干得很好。

例2.Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice.理论之所以有价值，是因为它能给实践指出方向。

③ Not...because 的结构

例1.I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.我之所以教书并不是因为教书对我来说太容易。

（三）条件状语从句

英语中连接条件状语从句的连接词常常有：

if(如果),unless(除非，如果不),providing that(假如),so long as(只要), on condition that(条件是),suppose that(假如),in case(如果),only if(只要), if only(但愿，要是...就好了)等。

① 翻译在主语前面

例1.It was better in case they were captured.要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。

例2.If you tell me about it ,then I shall be able to decide.假如你把一切都告诉我，那么我就能够作出决定。

② 翻译在主句后面，用来补充说明条件。例1.You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话。

例2.No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.毫无疑问，我本来是可以赚到一点的，如果我真有那样打算的话。

（四）让步状语从句

英语中，表示让步关系的连接词常常有：

though(虽然),although(虽然),even if(即使),as(尽管),while(尽量),whatever(无论什么),wherever(无论哪里),whoever(无论谁),however(无论怎样),no matter(不论，不管),for all that(尽管),granted that(即使),in spite of that fact that(尽管),despite the fact that(不管)等等。例1.No matter what I say or how I say it ,he always thinks I’m wrong.不管我说什么，也不管我怎么说，他说是认为我错了。例2.While we can not see the air ,we can feel it.我们虽然看不见空气，但却能感觉到它。

例3.Granted that you don’t like the proposal ,you shouldn’t have rejected it without consulting others.即使你不喜欢这个建议，你也不应该没有同别人商量就把它否决了。

（五）目的状语从句

连接目的状语从句的连接词常常有：

that(为了，以便),so that(为了，以便),lest(以防),in case(以防，以免), for fear that(以防),in order that(为了)

① 一般翻译在主句前面

一般来说，这种表示“为了”的目的状语从句通常放在主句前面翻译。

例1.He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.6

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。例2.We should start early so that we might get there before noon.为了正午以前赶到那里，我们很早就动身了。

② 还可以翻译在主句后面

表示“省得”、“以免”、“以便”、“使得”、“生怕”等概念。

例1.He emphasized it again and again ,lest she should forget.他反复强调这一点，免得她忘了。

例2.They hid themselves behind some bushed for fear that the enemy should find them.他们躲在树丛后面，以防被敌人发现。

（六）结果状语从句

① 连接结果状语从句的连词常常有：

so that ,so...that ,such....that ,to much a degree 等等，通常可以翻译为“结果，如此...以至于...”，可以直接翻译。

例1.He made a wrong decision ,so that half of his lifetime was wasted.他做了错误的决定，结果浪费了自己半生的时间。例2.The difference is such that all will perceive it.差别这么大，所有人都看得出来。

② 在主句中含有“never ,never so ,not much ”等否定词，可以翻译为“没有...不”。例1.She never comes but she borrow.她不借东西不来。（即：他如果不借东西就不来。）例2.She is not so old but that she can read.他并没有老到不能读书。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

四、被动语态的翻译

句法翻译中第三大结构

英译汉时，大量的被动语态要根据汉语的习惯翻译成主动

被动语态翻译：少用“被”字

1.译成汉语主动句

（1）保存原文主语

适合的情况：句子的主语是无生命的名词，且句中无“by”引导的行为主体。

例1.The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.会议定于四月六日举行。

例2.Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.睡能从液体变成固体。

例3.When rust is formed ,a chemical change has taken place.当绣形成的时候，就发生了化学变化。

（2）主宾颠倒

适合情况：有“by”引导。例1.She was given a new pen by her father.她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。

例2.Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.这种化学反应能放出热和光。

例3.Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。

例4.Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission inour country.我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。

例5.The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.下一章提供了有关的数据资料。

（3）增加主语

例1.The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。

例2.She was seen to enter the building about the crime was committed.有人见过她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。

例3.What we say here will not be long remembered ,but what we do here can change the world.我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。

2.译成汉语无主句

例1.Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quicjly.已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。例2.Water can be shown as containing impurities.可以证明，水含有杂质。

例3.The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。

3.译成汉语判断句

判断句也叫“是”字句 例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly

进取的决定不是轻易作出的。

例2.Printing was introduced into Europe from China.是从中国传入欧洲的。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

例3.The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution.手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。

例4.The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。

4.译成汉语被动句

有些英语被动句着重被动的动作，突出原文的被动意义

汉语中被动标志：“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、遭到、加以、得以、为...所、由...来”。

例1.He had been fired dor refusing to obey orders from the head office.他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。

例2.The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street.那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞到了。例3.He was praised by his teacher.他得到了老师的表扬。

例4.Problems should be resolved in good time.问题应及时加以解决。

例5.For s long period to come ,most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.在未来较长的一段时间里，中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡养。

5.“It+被动语态+that”的翻译

采用主动语态翻译方式

三种翻译方式

例1.It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.有人认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。

例2.It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas :natural science and social science.有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分为两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。例3.It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.应该指出，这一过程就是氧化。常用被动句型的习惯译法：

It is hoped that...希望，有人希望

It is assumed that...假设，假定

It is claimed that...据说，有人主张

It is believed that...有人相信，大家相信

It is reported that...据报道，据通报

It is considered that...人们认为，据估计

It is said that...据说，有人说

It is supposed that...据推测，人们猜测

It has been announced that...已经宣布

It is asserted that...有人主张

It is rumored that...听说，谣传

It is noticed that...有人指出，人们注意到

It is suggested that...有人建议，建议

It is reputed that...人们认为，可以认为

It is learned that...据说，据闻，已经查明

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

It is demonstrated that...据证实，已经证明

It is estimated that...据估计，有人估计

It is pointed out that...有人指出，人们指出

It is proposed that...有人推荐，有人建议

It was told that...有人曾经说

It was first intended that...最初就有这样的想法

It will be said that...有人会说

It was noted above that that...前面已经指出

It must be admitted that...必须承认，老实说

It has been illustrated that...据图示，据说明

It is stressed that...有人强调说

It can not be denied that...无可否认

It can be said without exaggeration that...可以毫不夸张的说

It is sometimes asked that...人们有时会问

It was felt that that...有人认识到

It is universally accepted that...人们普遍认为

It is unanimously agreed that...大家一致同意

It is alleged that...据说

It is calculated that...据计算

It has been proved that...已经证明

It has been found that...人们已经发现

It is still to be hoped that...我们仍然希望

It is well-konwn that...众所周知，大家都知道

It should be realized that...我们应该认识到...第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

五、否定结构的翻译

（一）部分否定

1.all ,both ,every ,everybody ,everyday ,everyone ,many ,everything ,entirely ,altogether, absolutely,wholly ,completely ,everywhere ,always ,often 等与否定词not 搭配使用，常常翻译为“并非所有，并不是都”。例1.All that glitters is not gold.并非所有发光的都是金子。例2.Both the windows are not open.两扇窗户并不都是开着的。

例3.Everybody does not believe the rumor.并不是每个人都听信这个谣言的。

例4.They are not always in the office on Sundays.他们不一定每个星期天都在办公室。例5.The responsibility is not altogether mine.责任并不全在于我身上。

例6.The situation is not necessarily so.情况并非如此。

2.“all...not ”和“every...not ”等结构属于传统用法。现代英语中采用“Not all...” 和“Not every...”这种表达形式。例1.Not all matals are good conductors.并非所有的金属都是良导体。例2.Not everyone accepts his proposal.并不是所有的人都接受他的建议。

（二）全部否定

never（决不，从来不），no（没有，不），not（不，不是），none（没人，谁都不，没有任何东西），nobody（没人），nothing（什么也没有，没有任何事情），nowhere（没有什么地方），neither（两者都不），nor（也没有，也不），not at all（一点也不）。例1.He is no professor.他根本不是教授。

例2.None of my friends smoke.我的朋友都不抽烟。

例3.Our great motherland has never before been so prosperous as it is today.我们伟大的祖国从来没有像今天这样繁荣昌盛。

例4.Nothing in the world is difficult for the one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。

例5.Never have we been daunted by difficulties.我们任何时候都没有被困难吓倒过。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

（三）双重否定句

常见的双重否定形式主要有：no...not(没有....不)，Without...not（没有...就不）

Never(no)...without（每逢...总是，没有...不）Never(no)...but（没有...不）

Not(none)...the less（并不...就不）

Not(never)...unless(不少于，不亚于，和...一样)，Not...any the less(没有...而少做)。

例1.Now no spaceship cannot be loaded with man.现在没有任何宇宙飞船不能载人。（用汉语的双重否定翻译）

现在所有的宇宙飞船都可以载人。（用汉语的肯定结构翻译）例2.You will never succeed unless you work hard.如果你不努力，就绝不能成功。（用汉语的双重否定翻译）

只要你努力，你就会成功。（用汉语的肯定结构翻译）例3.There is nothing unusual there.那里的一切都很正常。

例4.The machine is working none the worse for its long service.这台机器并没有因为长期使用而运转不良。

这台机器长期使用运转一直良好。

例5.She did not work any the less for her illness.她没有因为生病而少做一些工作。例6.That’s nothing less than a miracle.那完全是一个奇迹。

例7.No task is so difficult but we can accomplish it.再困难的任务，我们也能完成。

（四）形式肯定但意义否定

英语中的某些句子虽然以肯定形式出现，没有no ,not ,never 这样的词，但表达的意思是否定的，翻译成汉语时要翻译成否定句。

1.more than can...结构

more than can...在意义上相当于英语得can not...可以翻译为“简直不，无法，难以”：

more than one can help 相当于as little as possible ,可以翻译为“尽量不，绝对不”。例1.The beauty of the park is more than words can describe.这个公园美德简直无法形容。

例2.The boy has become very insolent and it is more than his parents can bear.这男孩变得非常无礼，到了他父母都不能忍受的地步。例3.Don’t tell him more than you can help.能不跟他讲究尽量不要跟他讲。

例4.She never does more work than she can help.能不做的事情，她是绝对不做的。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

2.anything but...结构表示否定意义，常常翻译为“绝对不，根本不，一点也不”。例1.He is anything but a scholar.他绝对不是一个学者。

例2.The wood bridge is anything but safe.那座木桥一点也不安全。

3.have yet to do...结构表示否定意义，相当于have not yet done...，常常翻译为“还没有”。例1.I have yet to hear the story.我还没有听过那个故事。例2.I have yet to learn the new skill.我没有学那项新技术。

4.may(might)as well...结构表示否定意义，常常翻译为“还不如”。例1.It is still raining hard outside;we may as well stay here over the night.外面仍然在下大雨，我们还不如呆在这里过夜呢。例2.You might as well burn the book than give them to her.你把这些书给她还不如烧毁了好。

5.借助具有否定意义的动词或动词短语

这样的动词或者动词短语常常有：

miss 错过，即没有碰到

deny 拒绝，即没有答应

lack 缺乏，即不足

refuse 拒绝，即否认，没有答应

escape 逃避，即没有被发现

resist 抵抗，即没有放弃

reject 拒绝，即没有答应

decline 拒绝，即没有答应

doubt 怀疑，即不太确信

wonder 想知道，即不明白

fail 失败，即没有完成

exclude 排除，即没有接受，不包括

overlook 没有注意到

cease 终止，即没有坚持

neglect 没有注意到

defy 不服从

forbid 不许

give up 放弃，即没有坚持

refrain from 不允许

lose sight of 不管

keep up with 不落后于

save...from 使...不

shut one’s eyes to 不看

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

to say nothing of 更不用说

not to mention 更不用说

protect(keep ,prevent)...from 不让

keep off 不接近

keep out 不让进入

turn a deaf ear to 不听，不顾

fall short of 不足

live up to 不辜负

dissuade...from 劝...不要

keep...dark 不把...说出去 例1.The specification lacks detail.这份说明书不够详尽。

例2.My husband missed the last bus ,so he had to go back home on foot.丈夫没赶上末班公共汽车，所以只好步行回家。例3.The error in calculation escaped the accountant.会计没有注意到这个计算上的错误。例4.Please keep the news dark.请不要把这个消息说出去。例5.He fail to meet his girlfriend.他没有碰到他女朋友。

6.借助具有否定意义的名词

常常具有否定意义的名词有： neglect 没有注意到

failure 失败，即没有完成

refusal 拒绝，即否认，没有答应 absence 不在，缺少 shortage 不足 reluctance 不情愿 ignorance 没有注意到 loss 没有

exclusion 排除，既没有接受，不包括 lack 缺乏，没有

negation 拒绝，即否认 Greek to 对...一无所知

例1.We cannot finish the work in the absence of these condditions.在不具备这些条件的情况下，我们不能完成这项工作。例2.She was at loss what go do.她不知所措。

例3.English literature is Creek to her.她对英语文学一无所知。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

7.借助具有否定意义的形容词或形容词短语

常见的具有否定意义的形容词或形容词短语有：

far from 远不，一点也不

free from 不受...影响

safe from 免于

short of 缺少，不足

ignorant of 不知道，没有注意到

independent of 不受...的支配

impatient of 对...不耐烦

deficient 缺乏

devoid of 不具有，缺乏

alien to 不同

foreign to 不适合，与...无关

blind to 看不见

far and few between 很少

absent from 不在 different form 不同

reluctant to 不愿意

less than 少于，不多于

dead to 对...没有反应

the last 最后的，即最不愿意，最不配，决不 例1.The newspaper accounts are far from being true.报纸的报道远非属实。

例2.Present supplies of food are short of requirements.目前食品供不应求。

例3.Holidays are few and far between.放假的时候并不多。

例4.He is the last man she wants to meet.她最不想见到的人就是他。

8.借助具有否定意义的介词或者介词短语

past 超过

above 不低于

without 没有

beyond 超出

instead of 而不是

in vain 无效，没有

in the dark 一点也不知道

at a loss 不知所措

but for 要不是

in spite of 不管

at fault 出错

against 不同意

before 还没有...就

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

below 不到...beside 与...无关

but 除...之外

except 除..之外

from 阻止，使...不做某事

off 离开，中断

under 在...之下，不足

within 不超出

beneath 不如，不足

beneath one’s notice 不值得理睬

out of 不在...里面，不在...状态

out of the question 不可能

in the dark about 对...不知

例1.That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson.那个懒惰的小孩不预习就去上课。例2.Mr.Smith was above reproach.史密斯先生是无可指责的。例3.Her beauty is beyond compare.她的美丽是无以伦比的。

（五）形式否定但意义肯定

英语中的某些句子虽然以否定形式出现，但表达的意思是肯定的。这一类翻译方法与上面一类“形式肯定但意义否定”结合起来，就是通常人们所说的“正话反说，反话正说”的翻译技巧。

常见的带有隐含肯定意义的词组或单词主要有：

not...until 直到...才

not...to 越...越好

none but 只有

nothing but 只有，只不过

nothing more than 仅仅

no sooner...than 刚一...就

none other than 不是别的人或物而正是

none the less 依然，仍然

not but that 虽然

make nothing of 对...等闲视之

for nothing 徒然，免费

not only...but also 不仅...而且

not...long before 很快就

no more than 仅仅，只是

no other than 只有，正是

例1.You can’t be too careful in doing experiments.你做实验要特别小心。

例2.There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces.各种材料在力的作用下，多少都会有些变形。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

例3.It is no more than a beginning.这仅仅是个开端。

例4.They gave me the wrong book ,and I didn’t notice it until Igot back to my room.他们把书给错了，直到我回到我的房间才注意到了。

（六）否定成分的转译

I do not think you are right./You are no right.我认为你不正确。

1.否定主语转换为否定谓语

例1.No energy can be created ,and none destroyed.能量既不能创造，也不能毁灭。例2.No sound was heard.没有听到声音。

例3.Neither plan is practicable.两个方案都行不通。

2.否定谓语转换成否定状语

例1.He doesn’t study in the classroom.他不在教室里学习。

例2.I was not playing all the time.我并不是一直都在玩。

例3.The women did not come here to ask us for help.这位妇女来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助。

例4.Metals do not change their form as easily as plastic bodies do.金属不像塑料物体那样容易变形。

3.主语的否定转换为从句的否定

not because...并不是因为...才...例1.She did not come because she wanted to see me.她并非因为想见我才来。

例2.You should not despise him because he is young.你不应该因为他年轻就轻视他

4.否定主句的谓语转换为否定宾语从句的谓语

①

常常出现在动词think ,believe ,except ,suppose ,imagine ,reckon ,fancy , anticipate ,figure 等后面的宾语从句中。

例1.I don’t think that they must have arrived there by now.我认为他们现在一定还没有到达那里。

例2.I don’t suppose they will object to my suggeston.我想他们不会反对我的建议的。

例3.I didn’t imagine that he would go abroad.我料想他不会出国了。

② 当有view ,wish ,belief ,thought ,opinion 等名词作主语的表语从句时。例1.It is not my opinion that he is the best man for the job.我认为他斌不是这项工作的最佳人选。

例2.It is not my thought that he can finish the work within a week.我认为他不可能在一周内完成这项工作。

例3.It is not my wish that you should break your work.我希望你不要违背诺言。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

六、比较结构

考研翻译中考过的比较结构：

less and more 与其说...不如说...（99）

not so much...as...与其说...不如说...（94）

rather than 而不是

not any more than /no more than 既不...也不（06）从理解与表达的角度来看：

比较的形式是次要的，重要的是意义上的比较。

I am taller than him.This classroom is larger than that.（一）as...as...句型

① as...as...句型

同级比较，翻译成：“什么和什么一样” 例1.My parcel is as heavy as yours.我的包裹和你的包裹一样重。

例2.She is as much interested in music as ever.她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。

例3.The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly.最近，我国的经济发展和以前一样稳定。

② not as(or so)...as...句型

相反比较，翻译成：“什么不如什么” 例1.My uncle is not as(or so)tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父亲高。

例2.People are not so honest as they once were.人们现在不如过去那样诚实了。

③ not so much...as...句型

通常翻译为“与其说...不如说” 例1.He was not so much angry as disappointed.他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。（可以理解为：“他的生气不如失望多”，就是说“他更多的是失望，愤怒是其次。”）

例2.The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋与其说是要把世界分割开来，还不如说是把世界连接在一起。

例3.Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.拙劣的写作，与其说是语法上的错误，还不如说是由于文体上的弱点。

④ not so much as...句型

not so much as...这个结构相当于“not even...”,所以通常翻译为“甚至不...，甚至没有...”。

例1.He didn’t so much as ask me to set down.他甚至没有请我坐下。

例2.He cannot so much as spell a word.他甚至连一个词也不会写。

例3.He didn’t so much as his fare home.他甚至连回家的路费都没有了。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

（二）比较级+than to do...句型

通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。例1.You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.你不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。

例2.I have more sense than to tell him about our plan.我不至于傻到会把我们的计划告诉他。

例3.I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes.我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。

（三）more...than...句型

① more A than B句型

more A than B句型通常用于一个人或者事物在两个不同性质或则特征上面的比较。翻译为“与其说B，不如说A”。类似的结构还有less A than B,翻译为“与其说A，不如说B”

请注意这两个结构中“与其说”与“不如说”的对象，即A与B两者的在翻译中的位置。例1.He is more good than bad.与其说他很坏，不如说他很好。例2.He is less good than bad.与其说他很好，不如说他很坏。例3.He is more a writer than a teacher.与其说他是老师，不如说他是作家。例4.He is less clever than diligent.与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。② more than...句型

1.more than 后面接数词，表示“多于...，...以上”的意思。例1.I have known him for more than twenty years.我已经认识她二十多年了。

例2.I have more than ten dollars in my pocket.我口袋里还有十多美元。

2.more than 后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是...”的意思。例1.He is more than a father to her.他待她胜过父亲。

例2.He more than smiled ,but laughed.他不只是微笑，而是放生大笑。

3.more than 后面接形容词、副词、分词，表示“极其，非常”。例1.She was more than kind to us.他对我们非常好。

例2.He was more than upset by accident.这个意外事故让他非常心烦。

4.more than...can...则表示“难以...，完全不能...”的意思。例1.That is more than I can understand.那件事情，我实在是不明白。

例2.The cold was more than the children could bear.寒冷是孩子们所不能忍受的。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

③ no more...than...句型

no more...than...句型在意义上与not any more than...一样，表示对两者都否定，所以可以翻译为“...和...一样不，不...正如...，既不...也不...，...和...两者都不”。

例1.His grammar is no better than mine.他的语法同我的一样不好。

例2.He is no more a writer than a painter.他既不是画家也不是作家。 跟no more...than...句型相近，但是意义相反的句型是no less...than...，可以翻译为“既是...，也是...，两者都是...”。

例1.He is no less a writer than a painter.他既是画家也是作家。

例2.I am no more a poet than he is a scholar.我不是诗人，正如他不是学者一样。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

七、强调结构

强调结构在考研翻译中考的并不多，考研翻译近13年来，至于在98年的71题考过。

在英语中，有时候为了突出某一个词、词组、句子时使用强调结构，强调结构通常采用变化词语顺序，增加用于强调的词语，或者采用强调句型“It is +被强调部分+that...”.为了突出强调部分，有时候在汉语译文中将该部分放在句首，或者加上一些表示强调词：“的确、究竟、务必、千万、就是、正是”等词来突出强调语气。

（一）倒装与强调

① 强调宾语

例1.Such good students we have never seen.像这样好的学生，我们还从来没有见过。（直接按照英语顺序翻译）例2.Not a word did she say the whole two hours.整整两个小时她一句话也没有说。（把宾语还原到谓语动词后面翻译）

② 强调状语

例1.At any time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use or menace to use nuclear weapons.在任何时候和任何情况下，中国都不会首先使用或威胁使用核武器。（直接按照英语得顺序翻译）

例2.Never will they give up the struggle for freedom and peace.他们绝对不会放弃为自有和和平而斗争。（把状语还原到谓语动词前面翻译）

③ 强调表语

例1.More serious was the problem of environmental pollution.更为了严重的是环境污染问题。（直接按照英语顺序翻译）例2.Very strange the thing seemed.这件事情好像很奇怪。（把表语还原到系动词后面翻译）

④ 强调宾语补足语

例1.Electronic computers make possible the fast complicated calculation.电子计算机使快速进行复杂计算成为可能。（把possible 还原为到宾语后面）例2.A scandal people call the whole matter.人们把这件事称为丑闻。（把a scandal 还原为到宾语后面）

（二）助动词do

在动词前面加上助动词do，也是英语中一种表示强调的方法。翻译成汉语时，可使用“的确、确实、务必、一定、千万、真的”等词来突出强调语气。例1.She did accomplish the task in time.她的确准时完成了任务。

例2.We do have sufficient food and drink.我们确实有足够的食物和饮料。

（三）添加词组

在英语中，可以在what ,where ,who ,why ,等疑问词后面加上the devil ,the hell ,on earth ,in(或under)heaven 等词组用来加强语气，有时在某些否定词或最高级后面也可以加上on earth 以增强语气。翻译成汉语时，可以增加“究竟，到底”等词来处理。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

例1.Who the devil is that women ?

那个女人究竟是谁？

例2.What on earth is the matter over there ?

那里到底发生了什么事情？

例3.How on earth can one accomplish such a feat ?

一个人怎么能够完成如此伟大的工作呢？

（四）It is +被强调部分+that...强调句型

英语中，It is +被强调部分+that...这种句型常用来突出某一个部分，在意义上起到强调的作用。被强调部分如果指人时，可以用who ,whom 代替that ,it 本身没有实在的意义；被强调部分可以是谓语以外的其他任何成分：主语、宾语、状语等；翻译时可以在被强调部分加上“就是、正是、是”等来加以强调；如果被强调部分本身带有强调词，比如：only，not until 译成汉语时则不需要加强调词。

例1.It was Professor Wu that(who)sent me the letter.给我寄信的正是吴教授。（强调主语）

例2.It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上在实验室做实验的正是我父亲。（强调主语）例3.It was I myself who opened the window.就是我自己打开的窗户。（强调主语及其同位语）

例4.It was your mother-in-law that(whom)I met in the park the day before yesterday.前天我在公园里碰到的正是你的岳母。（强调宾语）例5.It is this novel they talk about last week.他们上周讨论的就是这本小说。（强调宾语）例6.It was at an evening party that I first saw her.我是在一次晚会上第一次见到她的。（强调状语）

例7.It is only when one is ill that one realizes the importance of health.只有在人们生病了才知道健康的重要性。（强调状语）

例8.It was not until recently that scientists know much about lung cancer.直到最近，科学家才对肺癌有较多的了解。（强调状语）

（五）表示程度的形容词或副词加以强调

在英语里面有些表示程度的形容词或副词，也可以用来增强语气。翻译的时候，也可以增加“就是、正是、是、到底、究竟、最”等词来表示强调。例1.You are the very man I am looking for.你正是我要寻找的人。例2.Who ever said so ?

到底是谁说的？

例3.The pear is rotten right through.这只梨子完全烂了。例4.Put it right in the middle.把它就放在正中间吧。例5.This is much the best.这事最最好的。

例6.That article was simply ridiculous.那篇文章简直是荒谬极了。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

八、插入结构

在考研翻译中并不多见，插入语结构考了4次，英语中的插入语结构表示说话人的态度和看法，解释说明整个句子，插入语结构通常与句子中的其他成分在语法上没有关联，插入语结构一般用逗号与句子其他成分隔开，可以在句子开头、中间、末尾，翻译时需要调整语序以符合汉语言的习惯。

插入结构成分：副词、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、主谓结构等。

（一）副词插入语

英语中副词作为插入语，可以放在句首、句中、句末； 翻译时最简单方法：直接放在句首； 例1.Apparently ,it is going to rain.很明显，要下雨了。

例2.Fortunately ,I passed the examination.幸运的是，我通过了考试。

例3.Incidentally ,your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting.顺便说一句，你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。

例4.He was luckier ,however ,because he was only slightly wounded.然而，他比较幸运，因为他只是受了点轻伤。

例5.He is young.He has much experience in teaching English ,though.他很年轻，但是他有丰富的英语教学经验。

（二）形容词短语作插入语

一般翻译为“...的是，...”这样的结构

例1.Most important of all,computers create wide communication around the world.最重要的是，计算机使世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。

例2.I slept late yesterday morning;worse still ,my bike was out of order.昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是，我的自行车坏了。例3.Strange enough ,he doesn’t know that famous writer.奇怪的是，他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。

（三）介词短语作插入语

all in all 总而言之

as a matter of fact 事实上

as a result 结果

at worst 在最坏的情况下

by the way 顺便说一句

first of all 首先

for example 例如

in conclusion 总之，最后

in fact 事实上

in effect 实际上

in my opinion 依我看来，我认为

in other words 换句话说，换言之

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

in short 简言之

to my delight 让我高兴的是

to one’s amazement 使某人惊讶的是

to one’s deep regret 是某人深感遗憾的是

to one’s relief 使某人深感欣慰的是

to one’s surprise 使某人感到吃惊的是

例1.China ,in fact ,has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.事实上，中国已经在许多方面赶上和超过了世界先进水平。例2.What happen to him ,by the way ?

顺便问一句，他后来怎么样了？

例3.All in all ,her condition is greatly improved.总之，他的健康状况已经大大的改善了。

（四）不定式短语作插入结构

so to speak 可以这样说

to tell you the truth 老实对你说

to be frank 说句实话

to begin with 首先

to start with 首先

to be more exact 更确切地说

to sum up 总之，概括地说

to put it briefly 简单说来

to put it in another way 换句话说

to make a long story short 长话短说

to say the least of it 至少可以这样说

needless to say 不用说

strange to say 说来奇怪

to conclude 总之，最后

to be sure 可以肯定的说

to be specific 具体说来

to be precise 准确地说

to speak frankly 坦白地说

例1.To tell you the truth ,I haven’t bought anything for a year.老实对你说，我一年来什么东西都没有买过。例2.It wasn’t a very good dinner ,to say the least of it.至少可以这样说，这次宴会并不成功。例3.The movie ,to be frank ,moved me to tears.坦白地说，这部电影把我感动得流下了眼泪。例4.She wrote ,to be exact ,ten novels in her lifetime.确切地说，她一生写了十部小说。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

（五）分词短语作插入结构

considering...考虑到

all things considered 从整体来看

allowing for...考虑到

generally speaking 一般说来

judging from...从...来判断

putting it another way 换句话说

roughly speaking 大体说来

taking account of...考虑到

taking all things into consideration 全面看来

taking...as an example 以...为例

talking of...说道

speaking of...说道

strictly speaking 严格地说

例1.Judging from the handwriting ,it should be written by our teacher.从字迹上判断，则应该是我们老师写的。

例2.Generally speaking ,she’s not quite fit this kind of work.总的来说，他不太适合做这种工作。

例3.You managed the project very well ,considering your inexperience.考虑到你缺乏经验，你对这个项目的处理已经很好了。

（六）主谓结构作插入结构

I think 我认为

I hope 我希望

I guess 我想

I’m afraid 恐怕

I believe 我认为，我相信

I suppose 我想，我认为

I wonder 我想知道

you see 你应该明白

you know 你知道

don’t you think 难道你不认为

don’t you know 难道你不知道

I tell you 我告诉你

it seems 似乎

it seems to me 在我看来，这似乎

it is said 据说

it is suggested 有人认为

例1.The man ,I think ,does not deserve the prize.我认为，那个人不应该得奖。

例2.The air is rather refreshing ,I suppose.我想，那里的空气应该很宜人。例3.Honesty ,I believe ,is her virtue.我认为，诚实是她的美德。

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

（七）what we call 句型作插入结构

类似的句型有：

what we used to call what is called

what they described as what can be called what they regarded as as we call it as we know it

通常翻译为“所谓的...”，可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译 例1.He is what we call a walking dictionary.他就是所谓的活字典。

例2.Most of what they regarded as geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary effort.大部分所谓的天才是由于付出了非凡的努力才获得成功的。

九、基础阶段学习方法

考研翻译复习时基础阶段该如何做？

考研翻译和精读在基础阶段结合起来做，最好的练习材料：考研真题

基础阶段最重要的两点：

1.单词的复习(考研英语5500词汇=3000基础词汇+2500难词汇)

最好的单词书：大纲（04年有释义）

9月1号之前看完，最晚不要超过10 月1 号

2.翻译/精读的突破（考研阅读10年来：68篇文章；翻译10篇）

最好的方法：翻译突破法

1）精读所用的材料：

新东方所发的材料，周雷等《考研英语阅读真题语言注释与难句突破》

2）每天完成的任务

每三天完成一篇阅读文章

① 10分钟通读全文；8分钟做题；5分钟翻译。

② 逐句逐词进行阅读，抄录大纲单词，试着进行翻译并核对答案。③ 返回原文查证题目是否正确，对成果进行进一步巩固。

第二篇：翻译技巧 反译法

第八节反译法

由于讲英语国家的历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性与我国不同，因此 这些国家人们的思维方式和生活习性亦与我国不同。这种差别体现在语言习惯 七，便产生了两种语言各自不同的表达形式。在表示否定意义时，这种差异显得 尤为突出。有的英语句子形式上是否定的而实质上是肯定的，有的形式上是肯定 的而实质上是否定的。在翻译某些英文句子时，应当特别注意两点：一是英语里 有些从正面表达的词语或句子，汉译时可以从反面来表达，即正说反译法；二是 英语里有些从反面表达的词语或句子，汉译时可从正面来表达，即反说正译法。例如：

(1)The kind of machine is far from being complicated．

这种机器一点也不复杂。

这个句子如果译成“这种机器离复杂甚远”就使人感到不知所云。

(2)He wrote three books in the first two years，a record never reached before．

他头两年写了3本书，打破了以往的记录。

原文从反面表达，译文从正面表达。如译成“这是他从前从未达到的记录” 则显得很别扭。

(3)I have read your articles，but，expect to meet an older woman．

我读过你的文章，但没料到你这样年轻。

本句如译成“我读过你文章，但我料想会见到一个年纪更大的女人”则不符 合汉语表达习惯。

从以上例中可以看出，有些句子从正面译不顺，不妨从反面译；反面译不 顺，则不妨从正面译，因为同一个概念，一个民族正着说，以为是合乎表达习惯 的，而另一个民族则认为反着说才顺口。因此，在恰当的场合灵活运用反译法不 失为确保译文语义明晰、文从字顺的有效手段。

一、正说反译法

英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的。一 些语言学家称这些词为“含蓄否定词”，另一些语言学家则称之为“暗指否定 词”。英语中的含蓄否定词或含蓄否定短语一般都要译成汉语的否定词组。

(一)名词

（1、Shortness of time has required the omission of some countries．

由于时间不够，没能访问某些国家。

(2)All international disputes should be settled through negotiations and avoidance

of any armed conflicts．

一切国际争端应通过谈判，而不是武装冲突来解决。

(3 1 There was complete absence of information on t11e oil deposit in that country．

关于该国的石油储量情况，人们毫无所知。

(4)Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom，but the want of it always leaves

room for．the suspicion of folly．

尽管有礼貌并不一定标志着此人有智慧，但是无礼貌却总是使人怀疑其

愚蠢。

(5)A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs Can create

problems．

不注意文化差异或当地风俗可能会产生问题。

作为名词用的含蓄否定词还有：defiance(不顾，无视)，denial(否认，否 定)，exclusion(排除)，freedom(不，免除)，refusal(不愿，不允许)和loss(失去)等。(二)动词或动词短语

(1)Scientists reject authority as an ultimate basis for truth·

科学家不承认权威是真理的最终根据。

(2)Water is a good lubricant, if you can devise a way to keep it from leaking out or evaporating.如果能设法使水不漏出来或蒸发掉，那么水就是一种很好的润滑剂。

(3)English differ from French in having no gender for nouns.英语和法语不同，英语名词没有性的变化。

(4)To preserve the fiction，he refrained from scolding his son until the guests left.为了不漏破绽，他强忍着不责骂自己的儿子，直到客人们离去。

(5)An investment in the money market fund has tied up the money until the end

of the term of the investment．

投资于货币市场的资金在投资期满之前是不能动用的。

类似的动词还有refuse(不愿，不肯，无法)，lack(缺乏，没有)，defy(不

服从，不遵守，不让)，forbid(不许)，stop(不准)和ignore(不理，不肯考虑)等。

(三)形容词或形容词短语

(1)My younger brother would be the last man to say such things．

我弟弟决不可能说这种话。

(2)They were watching the fluid situation with concern．

他们关切地注视着动荡不安的局面。(3)It is said that it is only a marginal agreement．

据说．那只不过是一个无关宏旨的协议。

(4)These official documents shall form an integral part of this contract．

这些正式文件是合同不可分割的组成部分。

(5)These elements are shielded SO that they are free from the influence of

magnetic field．

这些元件已加屏蔽，因此不受磁场的影响。

类似的形容词及其短语还有：absent(不在，不到)，awkward(不熟练，不 灵活，使用起来不方便)，bad(令人不愉快的，不受欢迎的，不舒服的)，blind(看不到，不注意)，dead(无生命的，无感觉的，不毛的)，difficult(不容易 的)，：foreign to(不适合的，与„„无关)，short of(不够)和poor(不好的，不幸的)等。

(四)介词或介词词组

(1)That kind of thing is very extraordinary.It seems against nature.不过那种事情很不寻常，似乎不符合自然规律。

(2)These planes were held back to protect our home inlands instead of being used

where they were badly needed．

这些飞机被留在后方保卫后方本岛，未用于其他急需的地方。(3)It was beyond your power to sign such a contract．

你无权签订这种合同。

(4)It is generally believed that the men who are habitually behind time are as

habitually behind success．

人们普遍相信，习惯不准时的人通常也不会成功。

(5)Only one of us has ever gone to live in the village and he was back in town

within five months．

我们中只有一个人真正在乡村生活过，不过这个人待了不到5个月就返回了城里。(五)副词

(1)Slowly the old man pulled the letter out of the envelope，and unfolded it．

这位老人不慌不忙地从信封里抽出信纸，然后打了开来。

(2)The officers and soldiers blazed away until they had no ammunition left．

官兵们连续不断地射击，直到用尽所有的子弹。

(3)The subversion attempts of the enemy proved predictably futile．

不出所料，敌人的颠覆活动证明毫无效果。

(4)Time is what we want most，but what many use worst·

时间是我们最缺少的，但许多人却最不善于利用时间。

(5)So far，experts have had about the same degree of success as stock—market

forecasters，which is to say they do badly．

到目前为止，汇率预测专家的成功率与股票市场上的预测者大体一样，这就是说他们做得不好。(六)连接词及其短语

(1)He is too careful not to have noticed it．

他那么小心，不会不注意到这一点的。

(2)Unless English team improves their game，they are going to lose the match.如果英格兰队不改进打法，就会榆掉这场比赛。

(3)The old lady would rather be buried with her money under a mountain of rock

than trust another bank．

老太太宁可和她的钱一起被葬入石山下，也不再相信任何一家银行了。(4)Until he spoke I had not realized he was foreign．

他要是不说话，我还一直不知道他是外国人。(七)某些固定短语

(1)The restaurant was anything but satisfactory．

这家餐馆太不让人满意了。

(2)Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with

dignity．

双方认为，那个和平建议他们可以接受，而又不失体面。(3)1 was at a loss to understand what she alluded to．

我无法领会她谈话中的所指。(4)The escaped criminal is still at large．

逃犯仍未捉拿归案。

(5)The islanders in this small country found themselves far from ready to fight the war．

这个小国的岛民们发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。

(6)There are many energy sources in store．The problem has been to use the

energy at a reasonable cost．

有许多能源尚未开发。问题在于要以一个合理的代价利用这些能源。(八)句子

(1)Let me watch you at it again．

再让我逮着，可饶不了你。

(2)If it worked once，it Can work twice．

一次得手，再次不愁。

(3)It’S human nature to want something better．

人总是不满足于现状。

(4)We are wiser than to believe such stories．

我们还不至于蠢到竟然相信这种谎言。

(5)Her grandfather is already 80，but he carries his years lightly

她祖父已80岁了，可是并不显老。

(九)某些含有否定意义的谚语和警句

英语中有些谚语和警句翻成汉语时，也可采用正说反译法，尽可能用简练的 汉语或相应的汉语成语来表达。例如：

(1)Seeing is believing．

百闻不如一见。

(2)Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven．

宁为鸡头，不为牛后。

(3)Let sleeping dog lie．

莫惹事生非。

(4)Bite off more than one Can chew·

贪多嚼不烂。

(5)Call a spade a spade．

直言不讳。

(6)A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。

二、反说正译法

反说正译法指的是将英语中有些与not等否定词连用的词语或带有否定词缀 的词语译成汉语的肯定形式。这样做有时是为了将原文中某些否定形式所具有的 肯定含义清楚地表达出来；在另外一些时候也许是为了将译文组织得更加自然流 畅。当然，也常常可能两种目的兼而有之。(一)名词

(1)It was said that someone had sown discord among us.据说有人在我们中间挑拨离间。

(2)The dishonesty of the government officials was exposed by the newspaper.政府官员们的欺诈行为在报纸上披露了出来。(3)A look of disbelief replaced the smile on her face．

怀疑的神色取代了她脸上的微笑。

(4)He manifested a strong dislike for his mother’s job．

他对他母亲的工作表示出强烈的厌恶情绪。(5)These slums ale a disgrace to the city government.这些贫民窟是市政府的耻辱。

(6)They were puzzled by the sudden disappearance of their guide.他们向导的突然失踪使他们感到困惑不解。

(7)There has been serious disagreement between the two countries over this

question．

关于这个问题两个国家之间存在着严重分歧。(二)动词

(1)T}le employer could dismiss any employee who had ever displeased him·

雇主可以解雇任何曾得罪过他的雇员。(2)How he longed to unsay his tactless words!

他多么希望收回他那些不得体的话啊!(3)The mother gently disengaged her hand from that of her sleeping daughter·

母亲小心翼翼地从熟睡的女儿手里抽出自己的手。

(4)We are now unprovided with the techniques necessary for the manufactoring of

rags into paper．

我们目前缺乏用破布造纸所需的技术。

(5)The thief jumped over a neighboring garden wail and disappeared among the crowds．

这个小偷从邻居的花园墙头上翻了出去，在人群中消失了。(三)形容词

(1)This kind of bird is unusual winter visitors to America.这种鸟冬季很少到美国来。

(2)It was inconsiderate of her to mention the matter in his hearing.她实在轻率，竞当着他的面谈论此事。(3)All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。

(4)APEC will have to be non-discriminatory and it will have to seek to be open

rather than closed in its approach．

亚太经济合作组织必须一视同仁，而且态度上必须是开放的，而不是封闭的。(5)Peter was an indecisive sort of person and could not be a good leader.彼得这人优柔寡断，当不了好领导。(四)副词

(1)The show was，unfortunately，one of the dullest we have ever seen.可惜的是，这次演出是我们所看过的最乏味的演出。(2)She carelessly glanced through the note and got away.她马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。(3)All things invariably divide into two．

事物都是一分为二的。

(4)“I don't know if I ought to have come，”he said breathlessly，grasping Sandy’s arm．

“我不知道我该不该来”，他气喘吁吁地说，一把抓住了桑迪的胳膊。(5)Johnson believed that the Minister of Education had in fact dishonorably

resigned from office．

约翰逊认为该教育部长辞职实际上是很丢面子的。(五)短语

(1)His escape was nothing short of being miraculous·

他的脱险可以说是个奇迹。

(2)The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of lung cancer.调查结果清清楚楚地说明，人死于肺癌。

(3)It would be foolish，not to say mad，to sell your house.你要卖房子真蠢，简直是疯了。(4)There is nothing like mineral water to quench one’s thirst．

矿泉水是解渴的最好饮料。

(5)She meant to help，no doubt，but in fact she has been a hindrance．

她的的确确是想帮忙的，可实际上却成了累赘。(6)The enemy’s spies were not going to lose sight of us．

敌人的密探一直在监视我们的行踪。

(7)A11 men between 18 and 45 without exception are expected to serve in the

army during the War．

所有18岁至45岁的男子统统要在战时服役。(六)句子

(1)For many years there was no closeness between the two countries．

两国关系曾疏远了很多年。

(2)The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us．

这些事件引起了我们的注意。

(3)The United Nations Organization has not，so far，justified the hopes which the

people of the world set on it．

到目前为止，联合国辜负了世界人民寄予的希望。

(4)A book may be compared to your neighbor；if it be good，it cannot last too

long；if bad，you cannot get rid of it too early．

书好比邻居，如果是本好书，相伴得越久越好；如果是本坏书，越早摆脱掉越好。(5)Knowledge about the most powerful computers man has ever developed is too

valuable not to share．

人类已经开发出功率极大的计算机，这方面的知识极为宝贵，应为人类共享。

三、英语中的双重否定旬

英语中的双重否定句，除了有时可以译成汉语的双重否定句外，一般说来应 译成肯定句。不过，它是一种特殊的强调句式。以have to(不得不)为例，两个 “不”字去掉以后意思不变，但语气强度就差多了。例如：

(1)There is no evil without compensation．

恶有恶报。

(2)There is not any advantage without disadvantage．

有一利必有一弊。

(3)There is no grammatical rule than has no exception．

条条语法规则都有例外。(也可译为“世上没有不例外的语法规则”。)

(4)It never rains but pours．

不雨则已．雨必倾盆。

(5)The charging of a condenser from a battery is not unlike the filling of a tank

from all oil reservoir．

电池给电容器充电就像油罐给油箱加油一样。

(6)We can’t be too careful in doing this kind of experiment．

我们在做这类实验时应尽可能小心。(也可译为“我们在做这类试验时

无论怎样小心也不过分”。)(7)I 8nl not reluctant to accept your proposal．

我非常愿意接受你的建议。(也可译为“你的建议我并非不愿接受”。)当然，有的英语双重否定句译为汉语的双重否定句更为通顺。(1)There is no story without coincidence．

无巧不成书。

(2)The significance of this report and importance Can never be overemphasized．

这个报告的意义和重要性，不管怎样强调，也不算过分。

四、委婉式肯定

英语中的这种句子是一种迂回的表示肯定的方式，字面上看似否定，实际上 是委婉的肯定。例如：

(1)I couldn’t feel better·

我感觉好极了。

(2)He can’t see you quickly enough-

他很想尽快和你见面。

(3)I couldn’t agree with you more-

我太赞成你的看法了。

f41 He didn’t half like the girl-

他非常喜欢那姑娘。

五、否定的陷阱

英语中的一些否定结构如果按字面意义理解很容易出错，这些结构我们称之 为“否定的陷阱”。下面就是一些有代表性的结构。(一)cannot„too(怎么„„也不)(1)You cannot be too careful in proofreading.校对时，越仔细越好。

(2)We shall never be able to stress too much for his kindness.不管我们怎么感谢他，都不足以报恩于万一。

(3)The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated 这次大会的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。(二)not„because(并非因为„„而)(1)Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time．

不要因为时间紧而敷衍搪塞。

(2)This project is not placed last because it is difficult to be put into practice

此方案并非因为它不好实施而被放在最后。

(3)The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished．

发动机并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转的。(三)for all„(尽管„„，不，说不定)(1)You may leave at once for all I care．

你尽可立即离去，我才不管呢。

(2)For all we knew，the files we were supposed to fetch were already on

their way．

说不定该由我们去取的文件已在途中。

(3)She seemed as fresh as ever，for all that I never saw her drink or eat．

尽管我从未见到她喝点什么或吃点什么，她似乎仍然精神饱满。(四)both„not(并非两者„„都)(1)Both the instruments are not precision ones.这两件东西不都是精密仪器。(2)But you see，we both cannot go together．

但是我告诉你，我们俩不能同时都走。(五)all／every„not(并非„„都)(1)All towns did not look like as they do today．

在过去，城镇并不都像今天这样个个千篇一律。(2)All that glitters is not gold．

发光的并一定都是金子。

(六)It be+a．+n．+that„(再„„也难免)(1)It is all ill wind that blows nobody good．

坏事未必对人人都有害处。(也可译为“再坏的事也不是对人人都有害处”。)(2)It is a good workman that never blunders．

智者千虑，必有一失。(也可译为“再聪明的工匠也难免出错”。)(3)It is a long lane that had no end．

路必有弯。(也可译为“再长的胡同也有尽头”。)最后值得一提的是，在英汉翻译过程中，反译法的使用必须要针对具体情况 灵活掌握，切不可一概而论，机械套用。有些英语词语或句子正译、反译皆可，两者并无实质性差别，究竟采用何种译法主要依据个人行文习惯或视具体的上下文而定。

(1)We have found your terms and conditions agreeable．

译文l：我们同意你方条款。

译文2：我们对你方条款没有异议。

(2)Much to our regret，the packing of the landed goods is quite different from

that you have promised．

译文l：十分遗憾，到货的包装与贵方承诺的相差很大。

译文2．十分遗憾，到货的包装与贵方承诺的大不相同。

(3)The works of art were left intact，the money gone·

译文l：艺术品还在，钱却不翼而飞。

译文2：艺术品原封未动，钱却不翼而飞。

1．将下列句子译成汉语，并注意将斜体部分反说正译。(1)The doubt was still unsolved after our repeated explanations·

(2)We are not completely satisfied with your manner of doing business·

(3)After the ship unloads at the dock，the goods will go to the container freight(4)Students，with no exception，are to hand in their papers tomorrow afternoon．(5)The thought of returning to our native land never deserted us at that time．

(6)It is generally believed that there is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise．(7)The system of gas supply in the city leaves nothing to be desired．(8)The significance of these incidents wasn't lost on them．

(9)Their undisguised effort to persecute the leaders of opposition party met with

nationwide condemnation．

(10)Suddenly she heard a sound behind her，and realized she was not alone in the room.2．将下列句子译成汉语，并注意将斜体部分正说反译。

(1)While trade is good in my company，money is very tight at present.(2)The Foreign Minister doubted the desirability of a negotiation to be held at that time．

(3)Charles dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the 0ld man．

(4)In your eagerness to secure profits，you have failed to give due consideration to the sellers’ standpoints．

(5)If the weather holds a few days，the team of the explorers will set off．

(6)While I liked his work，I pointed out areas where improvement was possible．(7)In the event of any contingencies beyond our control，we shall not be held

responsible for the late delivery of the goods．

(8)In the absence of a settlement through negotiation，the case under dispute call be

submitted to arbitration．

(9)Cowards die many times before their death；the valiant never taste of death but

0nce．

(10)One of the advantages of the fibre-optic communications is freedom from direct

effect of interfering radio transmission．

第三篇：2018考研英语长难句翻译技巧：分句法

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

2018考研英语长难句翻译技巧：分句法

长难句是考研英语翻译和阅读中常见的一个难点，是考生必须要攻克的壁垒之一。攻克长难句的指导思想就是拆分解读，需要考生配合相应的一些技巧，本文中要分享的就是长难句翻译的分句法，大家理解学习。

2018考研英语长难句翻译技巧：分句法

分句法，有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切，翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语化成句子，分开来叙述，为了使语意连贯，有时需要适当增加词语。例如：

例 1.The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子，但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译，就可能被翻译成：

没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为 1/4。这样，就使得译文极为不通顺，不符合汉语的表达习惯，因此，我们应该把它译为：大约有 1/4 的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。

例 2.Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考题)

分析：在此长句中，有一个插入语“it is often said”，三个并列的谓语结构，还有一个定语从句，这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子，但都有独立的意义，因此在翻译时，可以采用分句法，按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句，结果为：人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

下面我们再举一个例子：

例 3.All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(85 年考题)

他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开，就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧，以及

其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。

页 共 1 页

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

例 4.Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式，但是行星的数目如此之多，以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

长难句是考研英语翻译和阅读中常见的一个难点，是考生必须要攻克的壁垒之一。攻克长难句的指导思想就是拆分解读，需要考生配合相应的一些技巧，凯程网考研频道本文中要分享的就是长难句翻译的分句法，大家理解学习。

2017考研英语长难句翻译技巧：分句法

分句法，有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切，翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语化成句子，分开来叙述，为了使语意连贯，有时需要适当增加词语。例如：

例 1.The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子，但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译，就可能被翻译成：

没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为 1/4。这样，就使得译文极为不通顺，不符合汉语的表达习惯，因此，我们应该把它译为：大约有 1/4 的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。

例 2.Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考题)

分析：在此长句中，有一个插入语“it is often said”，三个并列的谓语结构，还有一个定语从句，这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子，但都有独立的意义，因此在翻译时，可以采用分句法，按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句，结果为：人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

下面我们再举一个例子：

例 3.All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(85 年考题)2 页 共 2 页

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开，就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧，以及

其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。

例 4.Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式，但是行星的数目如此之多，以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

其实看看凯程考研怎么样，最简单的一个办法，看看他们有没有成功的学生，最直观的办法是到凯程网站，上面有大量学员经验谈视频，这些都是凯程扎扎实实的辅导案例，其他机构网站几乎没有考上学生的视频，这就是凯程和其他机构的优势，凯程是扎实辅导、严格管理、规范教学取得如此优秀的成绩。

辨别凯程和其他机构谁靠谱的办法。

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

页 共 4 页

第四篇：2014英语六级翻译必备知识分合句法

1)分句法

把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。

例1 八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。

译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)

例2 他为人单纯而坦率。

译文: He was very clean.His mind was open.(一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)

例3 The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child.译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.译文: 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开)

2)合句法

把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。例5 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。

译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句)

例6 他们有遵守交通规则，机器出了故障。

译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the

machinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)

例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句)

第五篇：俗语翻译法

习语大都具有鲜明代形象，适宜用来比喻事物，因而往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。不少习语前后对称，音节优美，韵律协调。由于习语具有这些特点，翻译时就应当尽量保持这些特点。译者除了忠实地表达原文习语的意义外，还应尽可能保持原文习语的形象比喻，丰富联想，修辞效果以及其民族，地方特点等。

 英语习语就其广义而言，包括俗语，谚语，俚语等。

习语的英译汉有三种主要方法：直译法，套用法，意译法，直译加注法  一，直译法

 To fight to the last man  To break the record  Under one’s nose  Armed to the teeth  Packed like sardines  A die-hard

 An gentleman’s agreement  An olive branch  The heel of Achilles  The open-door policy  The most-favored-nation  血浓于水  吠犬不咬人  滚石不生苔

 海内存知己，天涯若比邻  兼听则明，偏听则暗

以眼还眼，以牙还牙 引狼入室 自助者天助

千里之行，始于足下

The gift itself may be as light as a feather, but sent from afar, it conveys deep feelings. A gentleman uses his tongue, not his fists. Good medicine is bitter in the mouth, but good for the disease.套用法

 也称为以习语译习语

 Constant dripping wears the stone  滴水穿石

 To burn one’s boats  破釜沉舟

 Walls have ears  隔墙有耳

 Many a little makes a mickle  积少成多

 Look before you leap                           

            

 三思而后行

There is no smoke without fire 无风不起浪

谋事在人，成事在天

The burnt child dreads the fire 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳

Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion 宁为鸡头，勿为牛尾

Where there’s a will, there’s a way 有志者，事竟成 杀机取卵

To kill the goose that lays golden eggs 成热打铁 缘木求鱼

To fish in the air

Don’t wash your dirty linen in public 家丑不可外扬

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit 吃一堑，长一智

Hungry dogs will eat dirty puddings 饥不择食

Some idioms which exhibit strong national or cultural characteristics can neither be handled by borrowing idioms from the target language nor translated literally because it would cause misunderstanding or could not be easily accepted by native speakers of the other language.In this case, it is necessary to resort to paraphrasing according to the context.To be going from bad to worse;to be deteriorating.To know practically nothing about

What’s done is done, and cannot be undone.Regardless of the consequences To be simply nothing compared to In a turmoil;to be extremely upset A fly on the wheel A bull in a china shop

(an area)flowing with milk and honey By hook or crook

To carry fire in one hand and water in the other hand Every dog had its day

This approach is used when certain idioms, particularly those with historical stories or names involved, can hardly be understood and accepted by the listener, and the translator cannot find their proper equivalents in the target language.If literal translation were used, they would lose their original vividness.杀鸡给猴看  To kill the chicken to frighten the monkey– to punish somebody as a warning to others. 班门弄斧

 To show off one’s skill with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter-to display one’s slight skill before an expert/  To teach your grandma to such eggs  To offer to teach fish to swim  三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮

 Three cobblers with their wits combined surpass Zhu geLiang the mastermind-to heads are better than one Principles for translating idioms

 1.retain the vividness and forceful effect  既往不咎

 Let bygones be bygones  有钱能使鬼推磨

 Money makes the mare go;money talks  The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak  物以类聚，人以群分

 Birds of a feather flock together  Once bitten, twice shy  2.retain the image

 A stitch in time saves nine

 Man proposes, God/Heaven disposes  A gentleman uses his tongue, not his fists  3.achieve brevity

 The unexpected always happens

 Give him an inch and he will take an ell  天网恢恢，疏而不漏  Justice has long arms

 To have eyes but fail to see Taishan Mountain To entertain an angel unawares  You can’t eat your words  You can’t break your promise  You are pulling my leg

 A horse stumbles that has four legs  He’s leading a dog’s life  I am dead-beat today  To take French leave  A stony heart

 At one’s fingertips

 To have a hand like a foot  As mute as a fish

 To return good for evil

 To shut one’s eyes against

                                           To talk black into white To turn a deaf ear to Practice makes perfect To face the music Plain sailing To be dead drunk Laugh and grow fat To fly into a rage

To look for a needle in a haystack A leap in the dark

To show one’s colors

To make a noise in the world More haste, less speed Neither fish nor flesh To pick holes in

To mind one’s P’s and Q’s

To be at the end of one’s rope To flog a dead horse To turn over a new leaf

To put all one’s eggs in one basket He just had forty winks.His wife held the purse string.You should keep your nose out of here.That night he slept like a top, and woke with his knee of almost normal size.I am not talking about castles in the air-the donkey’s carrot.Mother said, “John, you’re talking through your hat.You’re craze”.His accent gave him away.The Nazis in Berlin became desperate and tried to make hell while the sun was shining.As blind as a bat

As cool as a cucumber

Between the devil and the blue sea To call a spade a spade Now or never

Much cry and little wool With tongue in cheek

To wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve The leopard cannot change its spots

As the touchstone tries gold, so gold tires men.The proof of pudding is in the eating

One cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.The mills of God grind slowly.He laughs best who laughs last.            

     

Nothing venture, nothing gain.Fish begins to stink at the head.Speech is silver, silence is gold.远亲不如近邻

Neighbors are dearer than distant relatives/ Neighbors are more helpful than relatives/

a remote kinsfolk is not as good as a near neighbor 情人眼里出西施

Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder/

love sees no fault/

Love blinds a man to imperfections 有缘千里来相会，无缘对面不相逢

Those who are meant to meet will meet even if they are separated by a thousand miles;those who are not meant to meet will not get acquainted even if they brush shoulders with one another.醉翁之意不在酒

Many kiss the baby for the nurse’s sake

The drinker’s heart is not in his cup-he has something else in his mind.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福

Storms gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight.The weather and human life are both unpredictable