第一篇：中国古诗名英文翻译对照
中国古诗中英文翻译对照
2009-12-16 19:57 来自《英译唐诗名作选》作者：龚景浩
爱国华侨龚景浩先生数年前曾在商务印书馆出版《英译中国古词精选》，受到读者的欣赏和欢迎。他虽超过古稀之年，体力渐衰，但仍坚持诗歌翻译的爱好。夜间常失眠，默诵唐诗，译成英文诗来消遣。静夜思 李白
Musings on a Quiet Night Li Bai 游子吟 孟郊
For Her Son Who'll Be Away for a While Meng Jiao 春晓 孟浩然
Spring Morn Meng Haoran 登鹳雀楼 王之涣
Going up the Stork Tower Wang Zhihuan 相思 王维
Love's Yearnings Wang Wei 悯农二首(一)李绅
Sympathy for the Peasants(I)Li Shen 悯农二首(二)李绅
Sympathy for the Peasants(H)Li Shen 竹里馆 王维
A Cottage Among Bamboos Wang Wei 寻隐者不遇 贾岛
Visiting a Recluse but Finding Him out Jia Dao 江雪 柳宗元
Snow on the River Liu Zongyuan 回乡偶书(一)贺知章
Random Homecoming Writings(Ⅰ)He Zhizhang 九月九日忆山东兄弟 王维
Missing My Brothers on Double Ninth Day Wang Wei 乐游原 李商隐
A Spin Round Ancient Plain Li Shangyin 赋得古原草送别 白居易
Seeing off a Friend at Ancient Plain Bai Juyi 山中送别 王维
Seeing off an Old Friend from These Mountains Wang Wei 淮上与友人别 郑谷
Parting from a Friend at Yangzhou Zheng Gu 送杜少府之任蜀川 王勃
Sending off a Friend Who Has Been Appointed a County-Level Official in Far-Away Sichuan Wang Bo 望月怀远 张九龄
Gazing at the Moon and Thinking of Someone Faraway 1 Zhang J iuling 白石滩 王维
White Stone Beach Wang Wei 鸟鸣涧 王维
Birds Chirping over the Hill Creek Wang Wei 春夜喜雨 杜甫
Propitious Rain Falling at Midnight Du Fu 宿建德江 孟浩然
Staying Overnight on Jiande River Meng Haoran 滁州西涧 韦应物
Chuzhou's West Brook Wei Yingwu 题破山寺后禅院 常建
Meditation Rooms at the Back of the Cleft-Boulder Hill Temple Chang Jian 绝句 杜甫
A Heptasyllabic Quatrain Du Fu 阙题 刘脊虚
A Poem Lacking a Title Liu Shenxu 送元二使安西 王维
Sending off a Friend，Who Has Been Appointed Envoy to the West Lands Wang Wei 凉州词 王之涣
Liangzhou Song Wang Zhihuan 凉州词 王翰
Liangzhou Song Wang Hah 夜宿山寺 李白
Staying Overnight in a Mountain Temple Li Bai 杂诗(其二)王维
Miscellaneous Poems(Second in a Series)Wang Wei 问刘十九 自居易
Asking a Friend Bai Juyi 风 李峤
Wind Li Qiao 马诗 李贺
A Horse Poem Li He 秋浦歌 李白
Autumn Waterside Songs Li Bai 剑客 贾岛
Jianke Jia Dao 于易水送人 骆宾王
Sending off a Warrior By the Yishui River LuG Binwang 春怨 金昌绪
Complaint Against Spring lin Changxu 竹枝词 刘禹锡
The Bamboo Song Liu Yuxi 城东早春 杨巨源
Early Spring in East City Yang Juyuan 晚春 韩愈
Late Spring Han Yu 山亭夏日 高骈
A Summer's Day in a Hill Garden Gao Pian 秋日 耿讳
An Autumn Day Geng Wei 白雪歌送武判官归京 岑参
Snow(For Chief of Secretarial Staff Wu，Who Was B&ng Called Back to the Capital)Cen Shen 过故人庄 孟浩然
Visiting an Old Friend's Country Place Meng Haoran 江村即事 司空曙
Scene from a Riverside Village Sikong Shu 社日 王驾
Community Day Wang Jia 送人游吴 杜荀鹤
Seeing off a Friend，Who Was Going to Tour Suzhou Du Xunhe 枫桥夜泊 张继
Night Boat Call at Maple Bridge，Suzhou Zhang Ji 早发白帝城 李白
Sailing Early from Baidi Town Li Bai 黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵 李白
Seeing off Fellow Poet Meng Haoran，Who Was Leaving the Yellow Crane Tower for Yangzhou Li Bai 黄鹤楼 崔颢
The Yellow Crane Tower Cui Hao 夜雨寄北 李商隐
A Letter Sent North about These Nightly Rains in Bashan Mountains Li Shangyin 无题 李商隐
Poem Without a Title Li Shangyin 登幽州台歌 陈子昂
Ascending Youzhou Terrace Chen Zi'ang 与诸子登岘首 孟浩然
Climbing Mount Xianshou with Scholarly Friends Meng Haoran 滕王阁 王勃
Prince of Teng's Pavilion-House Wang Bo 洛阳道 储光羲
The Luoyang Highway Chu Guangxi 遣悲怀 元稹
Venting My Sorrow Yuan Zhen 3 赠卖松人 于武陵
To a Tree Vendor Yu Wuling 乌衣巷 刘禹锡
Black Robe Lane Liu Yuxi 清明 杜牧
The Day of Clear and Bright Du Mu 江南春 杜牧
Spring Comes to Jiangnan Du Mu 泊秦淮 杜牧
Overnight Stay on Qinhuai River，Nanjing Du Mu 山行 杜牧
Driving by the Mountain Du Mu 金缕衣 杜秋娘
Garment Stitched with Gold Threads Du Qiuniang 自遣 罗隐
Self Consolation Luo Yin 题都城南庄 崔护
South Side of the Capital City Cui Hu 月下独酌 李白
Drinking Alone Underneath a Moon Li Bai 将进酒 李白
Drink Your Fill!Li Bai 春日忆李白 杜甫
Remembering Li Bai on a Spring Day Du Fu 春望 杜甫
Spring Outlook Du Fu 前出塞 杜甫
Song of the Fortified Town(One from a First Group of “Fortified Town” Poems)Du Fu 石壕吏 杜甫
A Village Official Du Fu 陪诸贵公子丈八沟携妓纳凉晚际遇雨 杜甫 A Cruise on Long-Ditch Creek in the Company of Some Young Gentlemen and Their “Hired” Ladies，and Got Caught in a Shower Along the Twilight Hour Du Fu 与朱山人 杜甫
To Zhu—the Mountain Person Du Fu 赠卫八处士 杜甫
To a Younger Friend，Who Is a Retiring Sort of Person Du Fu 4 李白篇
送友人 青山横北郭 白水绕东城 此地一为别 孤蓬万里征 浮云游子意 落日故人情 挥手自兹去 萧萧班马鸣
Farewell To A Friend Green mountains bar the northern sky;White water girds the eastern town.Here is the place to say good-bye;You'll drift like lonely thisledown.With floating cloud you'll float away;Like parting day I'll part from you.We wave as you start on your way;Our steeds still neigh, “Adieu, adieu!”
登金陵凤凰台 凤凰台上凤凰游 凤去台空江自流 吴宫花草埋幽径 晋代衣冠成古丘 三山半落青天外 二水中分白鹭洲 总为浮云能蔽日 长安不见使人愁
On Phoenix Terrace At Jinling On Phoenix Terrace once phoenixes came to sing;The birds are gone, but still roll on the river's waves.The ruined palace's buried 'neath the weeds in spring;The ancient sages in caps and gowns all lie in graves.The three-peak'd mountain is half lost in azure sky;The two-fork'd stream by Egret Isle is kept apart.As floating clouds can veil the bright sun from the eye, Imperial Court, now out of sight, saddens my heart.5
宣州谢 眺
楼饯别校书叔云
弃我去者
昨日之日不可留 乱我心者
今日之日多烦忧 长风万里送秋雁 对此可以酣高楼 蓬莱文章建安骨 中间小谢又清发 俱怀逸兴壮思飞 欲上青天览明月 抽刀断水水更流 举杯销愁愁更愁 人生在世不称意 明朝散发弄扁舟
Farewell To Uncle Yun, The Imperial Librarian, At The Xie Tiao Pavilion In Xuanzhou
What left me yesterday Can be retained no more;What worries me today Are the times for which I feel sore.In autumn wind for miles and miles the wild geese fly.Let's follow them with eyes and drink in tower high.Your writing's forcible, like ancient poets, while Mine is in Junior Xie's direct and easy style.Both of us have ambitions high;We'd bring the moon down from the sky.Cut running water with a sword, it will faster flow;Drink wine to drown your sorrow, it will heavier grow.If we despair in our lifetime of all affairs, Tomorrow let us sail away with loosened hairs.赠汪伦
李白乘舟将欲行 忽闻岸上踏歌声 桃花潭水深千尺
不及汪伦送我情 To Wang Lun I, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go When suddenly on shore your farewell songs o'erflow.However deep the Lake of Peach Blossom may be, It's not so deep, O Wang Lun!as your love for me.早发白帝城 朝辞白帝彩云间 千里江陵一日还 两岸猿声啼不住 轻舟已过万重山
Leaving White Emperor Town At Dawn Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud, I've sailed a thousand li through canyons in a day.With monkeys' sad adieus the riverbanks are loud;My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away.月下独酌 花间一壶酒 独酌无相亲 举杯邀明月 对影成三人 月既不解饮 影徒随我身 暂伴月将影 行乐须及春 我歌月徘徊 我舞影零乱 醒时同交欢 醉后各分散 永结无情游 相期邈云汉
Drinking Alone Under The Moon Among the flowers from a pot of wine I drink alone beneath the bright moonshine.I raise my cup to invite the moon, who blends 7 Her light with my shadow and we're three friends.The moon does not know how to drink her share;In vain my shadow follows me here and there.Together with them for the time I stay And make merry before spring's spend away.I sing the moon to linger with my song;My shadow disperses as I dance along.Sober, we three remain cheerful and gay;Drunken, we part and each goes his way.Our friendship will outshine all earthly love;Next time we'll meet beyond the stars above.杜甫篇
望岳
岱宗夫如何 齐鲁青未了 造化钟神秀 阴阳割昏晓 荡胸生层云 决眦入归鸟 会当凌绝顶 一览众山小
Gazing At Mount Tai O, peak of peaks, how high it stands!One boundless green o'erspreads two states.A marvel done by nature's hands, O'er light ang shade it dominates.Clouds rise therefrom and lave my breast;I strain my eyes and see birds fleet.I must ascend the mountain's crest;It dwarfs all peaks under my feet.赠李白
秋来相顾尚飘蓬 未就丹砂愧葛洪 痛饮狂歌空度日
飞扬跋扈为谁雄 To Li Bai When autumn comes, you're drifting still like thistledown.You try to find the way to heaven, but you fail.In singing mad and drinking dead your days you drown.For whom will fly the roc? For whom will leap the whale?
兵车行 车辚辚 马萧萧
行人弓箭各在腰 耶娘妻子走相送 尘埃不见咸阳桥 牵衣顿足拦道哭 哭声直上干云霄 道旁过者问行人 行人但云点行频 或从十五北防河 便至四十西营田 去时里正与裹头 归来头白还戍边 边廷流血成海水 武皇开边意未已
君不闻汉家山东二百州千村万落生荆杞 纵有健妇把锄犁 禾生陇亩无东西 况复秦兵耐苦战 被驱不异犬与鸡 长者虽有问 役夫敢伸恨 且如今年冬 未休关西卒 县官急索租 租税从何出 信知生男恶 反是生女好 生女犹得嫁比邻 生男埋没随百草 君不见青海头
古来白骨无人收
新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭 天阴雨湿声啾啾
Song Of The Conscripts Chariots rumble and horses grumble.The conscripts march with bow and arrows at the waist.Their fathers, mothers, wives and children come in haste To see them off;the bridge is shrouded in dust they've raised.They clutch at the men's coats and stamp and bar the way;Their grief cries loud and strikes the cloud straight, straightaway.Another onlooker by roadside asks an enrollee, “The conscription is frequent,” only answers he.“Some went north at fifteen to guard the rivershore And were sent west to till the land at forty-four.The elder bound their young heads when they went away;Just home, they're sent to the frontier though their hair's grey.The field on borderland becomes a sea of blood;The emperor's greed for land is still at high blood.Have you not heard two hundred districts east of the Hua Mountain lie Where briers and brambles grow in villages far and night? Although stout women can wield the plough and the hoe, They know not east from west where thorns and weeds o'ergrow.The enemy are used to hard and stubborn fight: Our men are driven just like dogs or fowls in flight.You are kind to ask me.To complain I'm not free.In winter of this year Conscription goes on here.The magistrates for taxes press;How can we pay them in distress!If we had known sons bring no joy, We'd have preferred girl to boy.A daughter can be married to a neighbour, alas!A son can only be buried under the grass!Have you not seen On borders green Bleached bones since olden days unburied on the plain? The old ghosts weep and cry, while the new ghosts complain;The air is loud with screech and scream in gloomy rain.”
将 进 酒----李白
君不见，黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回？
君不见，高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪？ 人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月，天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来。
烹羊宰牛且为乐，会须一饮三百杯。岑夫子！丹丘生！将进酒； 君莫停。
与君歌一曲，请君为我侧耳听。钟鼓馔玉不足贵，但愿长醉不愿醒。古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。陈王昔时宴平乐，斗酒十千恣欢谑。主人何为言少钱？ 径须沽取对君酌。五花马，千金裘。
呼儿将出换美酒，与尔同消万古愁。Folk-song-styled-verse Li Bai BRINGING IN THE WINE
See how the Yellow River“s waters move out of heaven.Entering the ocean, never to return.See how lovely locks in bright mirrors in high chambers, Though silken-black at morning, have changed by night to snow....Oh, let a man of spirit venture where he pleases And never tip his golden cup empty toward the moon!Since heaven gave the talent, let it be employed!Spin a thousand pieces of silver, all of them come back!Cook a sheep, kill a cow, whet the appetite, And make me, of three hundred bowls, one long drink!...To the old master, Cen, And the young scholar, Danqiu, Bring in the wine!Let your cups never rest!Let me sing you a song!Let your ears attend!What are bell and drum, rare dishes and treasure? Let me be forever drunk and never come to reason!Sober men of olden days and sages are forgotten, And only the great drinkers are famous for all time....Prince Chen paid at a banquet in the Palace of Perfection Ten thousand coins for a cask of wine, with many a laugh and quip.Why say, my host, that your money is gone? Go and buy wine and we”ll drink it together!11 My flower-dappled horse, My furs worth a thousand, Hand them to the boy to exchange for good wine, And we“ll drown away the woes of ten thousand generations!王维 送别
下马饮君酒，问君何所之？ 君言不得意，归卧南山陲。但去莫复闻，白云无尽时。Five-character-quatrain Wang Wei AT PARTING
I dismount from my horse and I offer you wine, And I ask you where you are going and why.And you answer: ”I am discontent And would rest at the foot of the southern mountain.So give me leave and ask me no questions.White clouds pass there without end."
七言绝句
送孟浩然之广陵 李白
故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州。孤帆远影碧空尽，惟见长江天际流。
Seven-character-quatrain A FAREWELL TO MENG HAORAN ON HIS WAY TO YANGZHOU Li Bai You have left me behind, old friend, at the Yellow Crane Terrace, On your way to visit Yangzhou in the misty month of flowers;Your sail, a single shadow, becomes one with the blue sky, Till now I see only the river, on its way to heaven.From hill tohill no birds in flight，千山鸟飞绝 From path to path no mean in sight.万径人踪灭。A straw--clocked man in a boat，孤舟蓑笠翁，Fishing on rever dad covered is snow.独钓寒江雪。无 题
作者：李商隐 原 文
相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残。春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。晓镜但愁云鬓改，夜吟应觉月光寒。蓬山此去无多路，青鸟殷勤为探看。
译文：So hard for us to meet, Harder still to part.Languid though the east wind, Faded flowers are blown apart.The silkworm’s silk is exhausted Only when its life is spent;The candle’s tears are dried, When itself to cinder’s burnt
观沧海(曹操)东临碣石，以观沧海。水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。
树木丛生，百草丰茂。秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。
日月之行，若出其中； 星汉灿烂，若出其里。
幸甚至哉！歌以咏志。The Sea I come to view the boundless ocean From Stony Hill on eastern shore.Its water rolls in rhythmic motion, And islands stand amid its roar.Tree on tree grows from peak to peak;Grass on grass looks lush far and nigh.The autumn wind blows drear and bleak;The monstrous billows surge up high.The sun by day, the moon by night Appear to rise up from the deep.The Milky Way with stars so bright 13 Sinks down into the sea in sleep.How happy I feel at this sight!I croon this poem in delight.Oh, but it is high and very dangerous!Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky....Until two rulers of this region Pushed their way through in the misty ages, Forty-eight thousand years had passed With nobody arriving across the Qin border.And the Great White Mountain, westward, still has only a bird's path Up to the summit of Emei Peak--Which was broken once by an earthquake and there were brave men lost, Just finishing the stone rungs of their ladder toward heaven....High, as on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun, While the river, far below, lashes its twisted course.Such height would be hard going for even a yellow crane, So pity the poor monkeys who have only paws to use.The Mountain of Green Clay is formed of many circles-Each hundred steps, we have to turn nine turns among its mound--Panting, we brush Orion and pass the Well Star, Then, holding our chests with our hands and sinking to the ground with a groan, We wonder if this westward trail will never have an end.The formidable path ahead grows darker, darker still, With nothing heard but the call of birds hemmed in by the ancient forest, Male birds smoothly wheeling, following the females;And there come to us the melancholy voices of the cuckoos Out on the empty mountain, under the lonely moon....Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky.Even to hear of it turns the cheek pale, With the highest crag barely a foot below heaven.Dry pines hang, head down, from the face of the cliffs, And a thousand plunging cataracts outroar one another And send through ten thousand valleys a thunder of spinning stones.With all this danger upon danger, Why do people come here who live at a safe distance?...Though Dagger-Tower Pass be firm and grim, And while one man guards it Ten thousand cannot force it, What if he be not loyal, 14 But a wolf toward his fellows?...There are ravenous tigers to fear in the day And venomous reptiles in the night With their teeth and their fangs ready To cut people down like hemp.Though the City of Silk be delectable, I would rather turn home quickly.Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky....But I still face westward with a dreary moan.春晓
孟浩然
春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟；
夜来风雨声，花落知多少！
译文一（W.Bynner与江亢虎合译）
A Spring Morning By Meng Haoran I awake light-hearted this morning of spring, Everywhere round me the singing of birds---But now I remember the night, the storm, And I wonder how many blossoms were broken.译文二（许渊冲译）
A Spring Morning By Meng Haoran This morning of spring in bed I’m lying.Not woke up till I hear birds crying.After a night of wind and showers How many are the fallen flowers? 译文三（载郭著章、傅惠生编《千家诗》英汉对照）
The Spring Dawn Slumbering, I know not the spring dawn is peeping.But everywhere the singing birds are cheeping.Last night I heard the rain dripping and the wind weeping.How many petals were now on the ground sleeping.译文四（张廷琛chen魏博思合译）
Spring Dawn Oversleeping in spring I missed the dawn;Now everywhere the cries of birds are heard.Tumult of wind and rain had filled the night---How many blossoms fell during the storm? 译文五（孙大雨译）
Spring Dawn Feeling not when cometh th’ peep of spring dawn,Everywhere birds’ songs I hear in my slumber,Through the sounds of wind and rain all th’ night long,Know I not how many th’ flowers fall in number.译文六（龚景浩译）
Spring Morn Spring slumber goes on and on.Everywhere you hear bird’s song.Last night there was wind and rain.How many flowers in mud have lain!16 竹里馆 The Bamboo Lodge
Seated alone by shadowy bamboos，I strum my lyre and laugh aloud；
None knows that I am here，deep in the woods； Only the bright moon comes to shine on me.独坐幽篁里，弹琴复长啸。深林人不知，明月来相照。
第二篇：中国古诗名英文翻译对照
中国古诗中英文翻译对照
2009-12-16 19:57 来自《英译唐诗名作选》作者：龚景浩
爱国华侨龚景浩先生数年前曾在商务印书馆出版《英译中国古词精选》，受到读者的欣赏和欢迎。他虽超过古稀之年，体力渐衰，但仍坚持诗歌翻译的爱好。夜间常失眠，默诵唐诗，译成英文诗来消遣。静夜思 李白
Musings on a Quiet Night Li Bai 游子吟 孟郊
For Her Son Who'll Be Away for a While Meng Jiao 春晓 孟浩然
Spring Morn Meng Haoran 登鹳雀楼 王之涣
Going up the Stork Tower Wang Zhihuan 相思 王维
Love's Yearnings Wang Wei 悯农二首(一)李绅
Sympathy for the Peasants(I)Li Shen 悯农二首(二)李绅
Sympathy for the Peasants(H)Li Shen 竹里馆 王维
A Cottage Among Bamboos Wang Wei 寻隐者不遇 贾岛
Visiting a Recluse but Finding Him out Jia Dao 江雪 柳宗元
Snow on the River Liu Zongyuan 回乡偶书(一)贺知章
Random Homecoming Writings(Ⅰ)He Zhizhang 九月九日忆山东兄弟 王维
Missing My Brothers on Double Ninth Day Wang Wei 乐游原 李商隐
A Spin Round Ancient Plain Li Shangyin 赋得古原草送别 白居易
Seeing off a Friend at Ancient Plain Bai Juyi 山中送别 王维
Seeing off an Old Friend from These Mountains Wang Wei 淮上与友人别 郑谷
Parting from a Friend at Yangzhou Zheng Gu 送杜少府之任蜀川 王勃
Sending off a Friend Who Has Been Appointed a County-Level Official in Far-Away Sichuan Wang Bo 望月怀远 张九龄
Gazing at the Moon and Thinking of Someone Faraway 1 Zhang J iuling 白石滩 王维
White Stone Beach Wang Wei 鸟鸣涧 王维
Birds Chirping over the Hill Creek Wang Wei 春夜喜雨 杜甫
Propitious Rain Falling at Midnight Du Fu 宿建德江 孟浩然
Staying Overnight on Jiande River Meng Haoran 滁州西涧 韦应物
Chuzhou's West Brook Wei Yingwu 题破山寺后禅院 常建
Meditation Rooms at the Back of the Cleft-Boulder Hill Temple Chang Jian 绝句 杜甫
A Heptasyllabic Quatrain Du Fu 阙题 刘脊虚
A Poem Lacking a Title Liu Shenxu 送元二使安西 王维
Sending off a Friend，Who Has Been Appointed Envoy to the West Lands Wang Wei 凉州词 王之涣
Liangzhou Song Wang Zhihuan 凉州词 王翰
Liangzhou Song Wang Hah 夜宿山寺 李白
Staying Overnight in a Mountain Temple Li Bai 杂诗(其二)王维
Miscellaneous Poems(Second in a Series)Wang Wei 问刘十九 自居易
Asking a Friend Bai Juyi 风 李峤
Wind Li Qiao 马诗 李贺
A Horse Poem Li He 秋浦歌 李白
Autumn Waterside Songs Li Bai 剑客 贾岛
Jianke Jia Dao 于易水送人 骆宾王
Sending off a Warrior By the Yishui River LuG Binwang 春怨 金昌绪
Complaint Against Spring lin Changxu 竹枝词 刘禹锡
The Bamboo Song Liu Yuxi 城东早春 杨巨源
Early Spring in East City Yang Juyuan 晚春 韩愈
Late Spring Han Yu 山亭夏日 高骈
A Summer's Day in a Hill Garden Gao Pian 秋日 耿讳
An Autumn Day Geng Wei 白雪歌送武判官归京 岑参
Snow(For Chief of Secretarial Staff Wu，Who Was B&ng Called Back to the Capital)Cen Shen 过故人庄 孟浩然
Visiting an Old Friend's Country Place Meng Haoran 江村即事 司空曙
Scene from a Riverside Village Sikong Shu 社日 王驾
Community Day Wang Jia 送人游吴 杜荀鹤
Seeing off a Friend，Who Was Going to Tour Suzhou Du Xunhe 枫桥夜泊 张继
Night Boat Call at Maple Bridge，Suzhou Zhang Ji 早发白帝城 李白
Sailing Early from Baidi Town Li Bai 黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵 李白
Seeing off Fellow Poet Meng Haoran，Who Was Leaving the Yellow Crane Tower for Yangzhou Li Bai 黄鹤楼 崔颢
The Yellow Crane Tower Cui Hao 夜雨寄北 李商隐
A Letter Sent North about These Nightly Rains in Bashan Mountains Li Shangyin 无题 李商隐
Poem Without a Title Li Shangyin 登幽州台歌 陈子昂
Ascending Youzhou Terrace Chen Zi'ang 与诸子登岘首 孟浩然
Climbing Mount Xianshou with Scholarly Friends Meng Haoran 滕王阁 王勃
Prince of Teng's Pavilion-House Wang Bo 洛阳道 储光羲
The Luoyang Highway Chu Guangxi 遣悲怀 元稹
Venting My Sorrow Yuan Zhen 3 赠卖松人 于武陵
To a Tree Vendor Yu Wuling 乌衣巷 刘禹锡
Black Robe Lane Liu Yuxi 清明 杜牧
The Day of Clear and Bright Du Mu 江南春 杜牧
Spring Comes to Jiangnan Du Mu 泊秦淮 杜牧
Overnight Stay on Qinhuai River，Nanjing Du Mu 山行 杜牧
Driving by the Mountain Du Mu 金缕衣 杜秋娘
Garment Stitched with Gold Threads Du Qiuniang 自遣 罗隐
Self Consolation Luo Yin 题都城南庄 崔护
South Side of the Capital City Cui Hu 月下独酌 李白
Drinking Alone Underneath a Moon Li Bai 将进酒 李白
Drink Your Fill!Li Bai 春日忆李白 杜甫
Remembering Li Bai on a Spring Day Du Fu 春望 杜甫
Spring Outlook Du Fu 前出塞 杜甫
Song of the Fortified Town(One from a First Group of “Fortified Town” Poems)Du Fu 石壕吏 杜甫
A Village Official Du Fu 陪诸贵公子丈八沟携妓纳凉晚际遇雨 杜甫 A Cruise on Long-Ditch Creek in the Company of Some Young Gentlemen and Their “Hired” Ladies，and Got Caught in a Shower Along the Twilight Hour Du Fu 与朱山人 杜甫
To Zhu—the Mountain Person Du Fu 赠卫八处士 杜甫
To a Younger Friend，Who Is a Retiring Sort of Person Du Fu 4 李白篇
送友人 青山横北郭 白水绕东城 此地一为别 孤蓬万里征 浮云游子意 落日故人情 挥手自兹去 萧萧班马鸣
Farewell To A Friend Green mountains bar the northern sky;White water girds the eastern town.Here is the place to say good-bye;You'll drift like lonely thisledown.With floating cloud you'll float away;Like parting day I'll part from you.We wave as you start on your way;Our steeds still neigh, “Adieu, adieu!”
登金陵凤凰台 凤凰台上凤凰游 凤去台空江自流 吴宫花草埋幽径 晋代衣冠成古丘 三山半落青天外 二水中分白鹭洲 总为浮云能蔽日 长安不见使人愁
On Phoenix Terrace At Jinling On Phoenix Terrace once phoenixes came to sing;The birds are gone, but still roll on the river's waves.The ruined palace's buried 'neath the weeds in spring;The ancient sages in caps and gowns all lie in graves.The three-peak'd mountain is half lost in azure sky;The two-fork'd stream by Egret Isle is kept apart.As floating clouds can veil the bright sun from the eye, Imperial Court, now out of sight, saddens my heart.5
宣州谢 眺
楼饯别校书叔云
弃我去者
昨日之日不可留 乱我心者
今日之日多烦忧 长风万里送秋雁 对此可以酣高楼 蓬莱文章建安骨 中间小谢又清发 俱怀逸兴壮思飞 欲上青天览明月 抽刀断水水更流 举杯销愁愁更愁 人生在世不称意 明朝散发弄扁舟
Farewell To Uncle Yun, The Imperial Librarian, At The Xie Tiao Pavilion In Xuanzhou
What left me yesterday Can be retained no more;What worries me today Are the times for which I feel sore.In autumn wind for miles and miles the wild geese fly.Let's follow them with eyes and drink in tower high.Your writing's forcible, like ancient poets, while Mine is in Junior Xie's direct and easy style.Both of us have ambitions high;We'd bring the moon down from the sky.Cut running water with a sword, it will faster flow;Drink wine to drown your sorrow, it will heavier grow.If we despair in our lifetime of all affairs, Tomorrow let us sail away with loosened hairs.赠汪伦
李白乘舟将欲行 忽闻岸上踏歌声 桃花潭水深千尺
不及汪伦送我情 To Wang Lun I, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go When suddenly on shore your farewell songs o'erflow.However deep the Lake of Peach Blossom may be, It's not so deep, O Wang Lun!as your love for me.早发白帝城 朝辞白帝彩云间 千里江陵一日还 两岸猿声啼不住 轻舟已过万重山
Leaving White Emperor Town At Dawn Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud, I've sailed a thousand li through canyons in a day.With monkeys' sad adieus the riverbanks are loud;My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away.月下独酌 花间一壶酒 独酌无相亲 举杯邀明月 对影成三人 月既不解饮 影徒随我身 暂伴月将影 行乐须及春 我歌月徘徊 我舞影零乱 醒时同交欢 醉后各分散 永结无情游 相期邈云汉
Drinking Alone Under The Moon Among the flowers from a pot of wine I drink alone beneath the bright moonshine.I raise my cup to invite the moon, who blends 7 Her light with my shadow and we're three friends.The moon does not know how to drink her share;In vain my shadow follows me here and there.Together with them for the time I stay And make merry before spring's spend away.I sing the moon to linger with my song;My shadow disperses as I dance along.Sober, we three remain cheerful and gay;Drunken, we part and each goes his way.Our friendship will outshine all earthly love;Next time we'll meet beyond the stars above.杜甫篇
望岳
岱宗夫如何 齐鲁青未了 造化钟神秀 阴阳割昏晓 荡胸生层云 决眦入归鸟 会当凌绝顶 一览众山小
Gazing At Mount Tai O, peak of peaks, how high it stands!One boundless green o'erspreads two states.A marvel done by nature's hands, O'er light ang shade it dominates.Clouds rise therefrom and lave my breast;I strain my eyes and see birds fleet.I must ascend the mountain's crest;It dwarfs all peaks under my feet.赠李白
秋来相顾尚飘蓬 未就丹砂愧葛洪 痛饮狂歌空度日
飞扬跋扈为谁雄 To Li Bai When autumn comes, you're drifting still like thistledown.You try to find the way to heaven, but you fail.In singing mad and drinking dead your days you drown.For whom will fly the roc? For whom will leap the whale?
兵车行 车辚辚 马萧萧
行人弓箭各在腰 耶娘妻子走相送 尘埃不见咸阳桥 牵衣顿足拦道哭 哭声直上干云霄 道旁过者问行人 行人但云点行频 或从十五北防河 便至四十西营田 去时里正与裹头 归来头白还戍边 边廷流血成海水 武皇开边意未已
君不闻汉家山东二百州千村万落生荆杞 纵有健妇把锄犁 禾生陇亩无东西 况复秦兵耐苦战 被驱不异犬与鸡 长者虽有问 役夫敢伸恨 且如今年冬 未休关西卒 县官急索租 租税从何出 信知生男恶 反是生女好 生女犹得嫁比邻 生男埋没随百草 君不见青海头
古来白骨无人收
新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭 天阴雨湿声啾啾
Song Of The Conscripts Chariots rumble and horses grumble.The conscripts march with bow and arrows at the waist.Their fathers, mothers, wives and children come in haste To see them off;the bridge is shrouded in dust they've raised.They clutch at the men's coats and stamp and bar the way;Their grief cries loud and strikes the cloud straight, straightaway.Another onlooker by roadside asks an enrollee, “The conscription is frequent,” only answers he.“Some went north at fifteen to guard the rivershore And were sent west to till the land at forty-four.The elder bound their young heads when they went away;Just home, they're sent to the frontier though their hair's grey.The field on borderland becomes a sea of blood;The emperor's greed for land is still at high blood.Have you not heard two hundred districts east of the Hua Mountain lie Where briers and brambles grow in villages far and night? Although stout women can wield the plough and the hoe, They know not east from west where thorns and weeds o'ergrow.The enemy are used to hard and stubborn fight: Our men are driven just like dogs or fowls in flight.You are kind to ask me.To complain I'm not free.In winter of this year Conscription goes on here.The magistrates for taxes press;How can we pay them in distress!If we had known sons bring no joy, We'd have preferred girl to boy.A daughter can be married to a neighbour, alas!A son can only be buried under the grass!Have you not seen On borders green Bleached bones since olden days unburied on the plain? The old ghosts weep and cry, while the new ghosts complain;The air is loud with screech and scream in gloomy rain.”
将 进 酒----李白
君不见，黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回？
君不见，高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪？ 人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月，天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来。
烹羊宰牛且为乐，会须一饮三百杯。岑夫子！丹丘生！将进酒； 君莫停。
与君歌一曲，请君为我侧耳听。钟鼓馔玉不足贵，但愿长醉不愿醒。古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。陈王昔时宴平乐，斗酒十千恣欢谑。主人何为言少钱？ 径须沽取对君酌。五花马，千金裘。
呼儿将出换美酒，与尔同消万古愁。Folk-song-styled-verse Li Bai BRINGING IN THE WINE
See how the Yellow River“s waters move out of heaven.Entering the ocean, never to return.See how lovely locks in bright mirrors in high chambers, Though silken-black at morning, have changed by night to snow....Oh, let a man of spirit venture where he pleases And never tip his golden cup empty toward the moon!Since heaven gave the talent, let it be employed!Spin a thousand pieces of silver, all of them come back!Cook a sheep, kill a cow, whet the appetite, And make me, of three hundred bowls, one long drink!...To the old master, Cen, And the young scholar, Danqiu, Bring in the wine!Let your cups never rest!Let me sing you a song!Let your ears attend!What are bell and drum, rare dishes and treasure? Let me be forever drunk and never come to reason!Sober men of olden days and sages are forgotten, And only the great drinkers are famous for all time....Prince Chen paid at a banquet in the Palace of Perfection Ten thousand coins for a cask of wine, with many a laugh and quip.Why say, my host, that your money is gone? Go and buy wine and we”ll drink it together!11 My flower-dappled horse, My furs worth a thousand, Hand them to the boy to exchange for good wine, And we“ll drown away the woes of ten thousand generations!王维 送别
下马饮君酒，问君何所之？ 君言不得意，归卧南山陲。但去莫复闻，白云无尽时。Five-character-quatrain Wang Wei AT PARTING
I dismount from my horse and I offer you wine, And I ask you where you are going and why.And you answer: ”I am discontent And would rest at the foot of the southern mountain.So give me leave and ask me no questions.White clouds pass there without end."
七言绝句
送孟浩然之广陵 李白
故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州。孤帆远影碧空尽，惟见长江天际流。
Seven-character-quatrain A FAREWELL TO MENG HAORAN ON HIS WAY TO YANGZHOU Li Bai You have left me behind, old friend, at the Yellow Crane Terrace, On your way to visit Yangzhou in the misty month of flowers;Your sail, a single shadow, becomes one with the blue sky, Till now I see only the river, on its way to heaven.From hill tohill no birds in flight，千山鸟飞绝 From path to path no mean in sight.万径人踪灭。A straw--clocked man in a boat，孤舟蓑笠翁，Fishing on rever dad covered is snow.独钓寒江雪。无 题
作者：李商隐 原 文
相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残。春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。晓镜但愁云鬓改，夜吟应觉月光寒。蓬山此去无多路，青鸟殷勤为探看。
译文：So hard for us to meet, Harder still to part.Languid though the east wind, Faded flowers are blown apart.The silkworm’s silk is exhausted Only when its life is spent;The candle’s tears are dried, When itself to cinder’s burnt
观沧海(曹操)东临碣石，以观沧海。水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。
树木丛生，百草丰茂。秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。
日月之行，若出其中； 星汉灿烂，若出其里。
幸甚至哉！歌以咏志。The Sea I come to view the boundless ocean From Stony Hill on eastern shore.Its water rolls in rhythmic motion, And islands stand amid its roar.Tree on tree grows from peak to peak;Grass on grass looks lush far and nigh.The autumn wind blows drear and bleak;The monstrous billows surge up high.The sun by day, the moon by night Appear to rise up from the deep.The Milky Way with stars so bright 13 Sinks down into the sea in sleep.How happy I feel at this sight!I croon this poem in delight.Oh, but it is high and very dangerous!Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky....Until two rulers of this region Pushed their way through in the misty ages, Forty-eight thousand years had passed With nobody arriving across the Qin border.And the Great White Mountain, westward, still has only a bird's path Up to the summit of Emei Peak--Which was broken once by an earthquake and there were brave men lost, Just finishing the stone rungs of their ladder toward heaven....High, as on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun, While the river, far below, lashes its twisted course.Such height would be hard going for even a yellow crane, So pity the poor monkeys who have only paws to use.The Mountain of Green Clay is formed of many circles-Each hundred steps, we have to turn nine turns among its mound--Panting, we brush Orion and pass the Well Star, Then, holding our chests with our hands and sinking to the ground with a groan, We wonder if this westward trail will never have an end.The formidable path ahead grows darker, darker still, With nothing heard but the call of birds hemmed in by the ancient forest, Male birds smoothly wheeling, following the females;And there come to us the melancholy voices of the cuckoos Out on the empty mountain, under the lonely moon....Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky.Even to hear of it turns the cheek pale, With the highest crag barely a foot below heaven.Dry pines hang, head down, from the face of the cliffs, And a thousand plunging cataracts outroar one another And send through ten thousand valleys a thunder of spinning stones.With all this danger upon danger, Why do people come here who live at a safe distance?...Though Dagger-Tower Pass be firm and grim, And while one man guards it Ten thousand cannot force it, What if he be not loyal, 14 But a wolf toward his fellows?...There are ravenous tigers to fear in the day And venomous reptiles in the night With their teeth and their fangs ready To cut people down like hemp.Though the City of Silk be delectable, I would rather turn home quickly.Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky....But I still face westward with a dreary moan.
第三篇：钢结构英文翻译对照
钢结构部分术语中英文
Steel structure 面积：area 结构形式：framework 坡度：slope 跨度：span 柱距：bay spacing 檐高：eave height 屋面板：roof plate 墙面板：wall plate 梁底净高: clean/net height 屋面系统: roof sys 招标文件: tender doc 建筑结构结构可靠度设计统一标准:
unified standard for designing of architecture construction reliability 建筑结构荷载设计规范: load design standard for architecture construction 建筑抗震设计规范: anti-seismic design standard for architecture 钢结构设计规范: steel structure design standard 冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范: technical standard for cold bend and thick steel structure 门式钢架轻型房屋钢结构技术规范:
technical specification for steel structure of light weight building with gabled frames 钢结构焊接规程: welding specification for steel structure 钢结构工程施工及验收规范: checking standard for constructing and checking of steel structure 压型金属板设计施工规程: design and construction specification for steel panel 荷载条件：load condition 屋面活荷载：live load on roof
屋面悬挂荷载：suspended load in roof 风荷载：wind load 雪荷载：snow load 抗震等级：seismic load 变形控制：deflect control 柱间支撑X撑：X bracing 主结构：primary structure 钢架梁柱、端墙柱: frame beam, frame column, and end-wall column 钢材牌号为Q345或相当牌号，大型钢厂出品：Q345 or equivalent, from the major steel mill 表面处理：抛丸除锈Sa2.5级，环氧富锌漆，两底两面，总厚度为125UM。表面喷涂防火材料，防火等级为：柱2小时，梁1.5小时
Surface treatment: shot blasting to Sa2.5,zinc rich epoxy paint.2 primer paint and 2 finish paint.total dry film thickness 125 um.Spraying fireproof painting on surface, for column 2 hours and beam 1.5 hours.次结构包括：屋面檩条、围梁、门窗开口加强等，工厂轧制成C型、Z型截面，工厂预冲孔。Secondary structure included purlins, girts, roof opening and wall opening reinforcement, prepunched and rolled to C or Z section on factory machine.材质：热浸镀锌卷材，Q345或相当牌号，大型钢厂出品或进口。Material : hot-dipped galvanized steel coil, Q345 or equivalent, from the major domestic steel mills or imported.支撑系统：bracing sys
钢结构部分术语中英文
Steel structure 包括X型柱间支撑、屋面支撑、拉条及隅撑等。采用圆钢、钢管或角钢等。
Bracing sys includes X bracing between columns, roof bracing, tie rods and angle bracing.Round bars, steel tubes or angle profiles are used.屋面系统：roof sys 屋面外板：采用通过美国FM认证打开色镀锌SS360直立锁缝板，卷板为宝钢出品，24Ga厚，正常使用寿命为20年。
Roof panel: FM certificated alum-zinc standing seam 360 roof panel.The raw material is alum-zinc alloy coated steel from Baosteel, 24Ga thickness.Warranty of coating is 20 years in normal use.屋面保温棉：采用欧文斯-科宁（Owens-corning）公司生产的结构用玻璃棉毡，厚度为75mm容重为14K/M3，WR8贴面。
Roof insulation: fiber glass insulation blanket from Owens –corning, thickness is 75mm, 14Kg/m3, WR8 facing.屋面采光板：单层，基本均匀布置，屋面面积的2% Roof skylight panel: single layered,2%area of roof, evenly allocated.过廊部分的屋面板：单层，无保温，材质同外墙面板。
Roof panel in corridor area: single layered color plate without insulation, same panel with exterior wall panel.墙面系统：wall sys 墙面外板：采用通过美国FM认证的LSP板，卷板为宝钢出品，彩色镀铝锌板，PVDF涂层，26Gamm厚。正常使用情况下的寿命为20年。
Exterior wall panel: FM certificated shanghai ABC’s long span panel(LSP).Raw material is alum-zinc steel from Baosteel with PVDF coating, 26Ga thickness.warranty period is 20 years in normal use.墙面保温棉：采用欧文斯-科宁）（Owens-corning）公司生产的结构用玻璃棉毡，厚度为75mm，容重为12Kg/m3,贴面为铝箔(aluminum foil)。
Wall insulation: fiberglass insulation blanket from Owens-corning, thickness is 75mm,12Kg/m3, FSK facing.墙面内板：上海美建生产的LSP3板，材料为宝钢出品，彩色镀锌板，PE涂层，28Ga厚。Interior wall insulation : ShangHai ABC’s LSP3 panel.Raw material is galvanized steel from Baosteel with PE coating, 28Ga thickness.雨棚：材质同外墙壁面板，单层，其中：卸货棚的30m*10.75m(宽*长，下同)一个大雨棚为拉杆式雨棚；1m*2.2m的悬挑雨棚5个，1.2m*5.1m悬挑雨棚1个。
Single layered color plate without insulation, same material and panel with exterior wall panel.Besides, one 30m*10.75m(width*hanging length, the same below)tension rod type canopy in unload area;five of 1m*2.2m hanging canopies and one 1.2m*5.1m hanging canopy in main workshop wall.女儿墙：双层板结构，外侧板材同外墙面板，内侧板材质同外屋面板。沿新建厂房一周的同坡女儿墙，高度为400mm.Parapet: double layered color plate without insulation;exterior side has the same material with exterior wall panel and interior side with exterior roof panel.The parapet has the same slope with roof around new workshop building, with the height of 400mm.排水系统：drainage sys 内天沟：上海美建标准的不锈钢内天沟。
钢结构部分术语中英文
Steel structure Interior gutter: shanghai ABC’s standard stainless steel interior gutter.PVC雨水管：PVC downspout 收边系统：包括山墙收边、檐口收边、门洞收边、屋脊收边等，材料为镀铝锌板。
Flashing and trim: for gable wall, eaves, roof ridges and wall openings.The material is aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel panel.附件系统：accessories 自功螺钉：screws 密封胶：采用美国Sika公司生产的Sika系列密封胶带 sealant: Sika series sealing tape from Sika company 防热胀冷缩功能件及纵向搭接处的加强衬板。
Function devices to prevent deformation caused by temperature stress and strengthening scaleboard panels for longitudinal overlap.地角螺栓：包括垫块和抗剪件，材料为Q235 anchor bolts, including shims and anti-shear plate.Q235 strength 钢梁柱beam and column 底漆 priming(priming painting)面漆 facial paint 收边、泛水板：trim and flashing 油漆及喷砂处理：painting and shot flashing 雨棚：canopy 地脚螺栓：embedded bolts 抗渗漏金属屋面系统：leak-resistance metal roofing sys 抗剪刚度: shear stiffness Stiffness: 劲度、刚度、强度
ss360 roof stytem: standing seam 360 projection: 突出部分
第四篇：钢结构英文翻译对照
Steel structure 面积：area 结构形式：framework 坡度：slope 跨度：span 柱距：bay spacing 檐高：eave height 屋面板：roof system 墙面板：wall system 梁底净高: clean height 屋面系统: roof cladding 招标文件: tender doc 建筑结构结构可靠度设计统一标准: unified standard for designing of architecture construction reliablity 建筑结构荷载设计规范: load design standard for architecture construction 建筑抗震设计规范: anti-seismic design standard for architecture 钢结构设计规范: steel structure design standard 冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范: technical standard for cold bend and thick steel structure 门式钢架轻型房屋钢结构技术规范: technical specification for steel structure of light weight building with gabled frames 钢结构焊接规程: welding specification for steel structure 钢结构工程施工及验收规范: checking standard for constructing and checking of steel structure 压型金属板设计施工规程: design and construction specification for steel panel 荷载条件：load condition 屋面活荷载：live load on roof
屋面悬挂荷载：suspended load in roof 风荷载：wind load 雪荷载：snow load 抗震等级：seismic load 变形控制：deflect control 柱间支撑X撑：X bracing 主结构：primary structure 钢架梁柱、端墙柱: frame beam, frame column, and end-wall column 钢材牌号为Q345或相当牌号，大型钢厂出品：Q345 or equivalent, from the major steel mill 表面处理：抛丸除锈Sa2.5级，环氧富锌漆，两底两面，总厚度为125UM。表面喷涂防火材料，防火等级为：柱2小时，梁1.5小时
surface treatment: shot blasting to Sa2.5,zinc rich epoxy paint.2primer paint and 2 finish paint.total dry film thickness 125um.Spraying fireproof painting on surface, for column 2hours and beam 1.5hours.次结构包括：屋面檩条、围梁、门窗开口加强等，工厂轧制成C型、Z型截面，工厂预冲孔。Secondary structure included purlins, girts, roof opening and wall opening reinforcement, prepunched and rolled to C or Z section on factory machine.材质：热浸镀锌卷材，Q345或相当牌号，大型钢厂出品或进口。Material : hot-dipped galvanized steel coil, Q345 or equivalent, from the major domestic steel mills or imported.支撑系统：bracing sys 包括X型柱间支撑、屋面支撑、拉条及隅撑等。采用圆钢、钢管或角钢等。Bracing sys includes X bracing between columns, roof bracing, tie rods and angle bracing.Round bars, steel tubes or angle profiles are used.屋面系统：roof sys 屋面外板：采用通过美国FM认证打开色镀锌SS360直立锁缝板，卷板为宝钢出品，24Ga厚，正常使用寿命为20年。Roof panel: FM certificated alum-zinc standing seam 360 roof panel.The raw material is alum-zinc alloy coated steel from Baosteel, 24Ga thickness.Warranty of coating is 20 years in normal use.屋面保温棉：采用欧文斯-科宁（Owens-corning）公司生产的结构用玻璃棉毡，厚度为75mm容重为14K/M3，WR8贴面。Roof insulation: fiber glass insulation blanket from Owens –corning, thickness is 75mm, 14Kg/m3, WR8 facing.屋面采光板：单层，基本均匀布置，屋面面积的2% roof skylight panel: single layered,2%area of roof, evenly allocated.过廊部分的屋面板：单层，无保温，材质同外墙面板。
Roof panel in corridor area: single layered color plate without insulation, same panel with exterior wall panel.墙面系统：wall sys 墙面外板：采用通过美国FM认证的LSP板，卷板为宝钢出品，彩色镀铝锌板，PVDF涂层，26Gamm厚。正常使用情况下的寿命为20年。
Exterior wall panel: FM certificated shanghai ABC’s long span panel(LSP).Raw material is alum-zinc steel from Baosteel with PVDF coating, 26Ga thickness.warranty period is 20 years in normal use.墙面保温棉：采用欧文斯-科宁）（Owens-corning）公司生产的结构用玻璃棉毡，厚度为75mm，容重为12Kg/m3,贴面为铝箔(aluminum foil)。
Wall insulation: fiberglass insulation blanket from Owens-corning, thickness is 75mm,12Kg/m3, FSK facing.墙面内板：采用上海美建生产的LSP3板，材料为宝钢出品，彩色镀锌板，PE涂层，28Ga厚。
Interior wall insulation : ShangHai ABC’s LSP3 panel.Raw material is galvanized steel from Baosteel with PE coating, 28Ga thickness.雨棚：材质同外墙壁面板，单层，其中：卸货棚的30m*10.75m(宽*长，下同)一个大雨棚为拉杆式雨棚；1m*2.2m的悬挑雨棚5个，1.2m*5.1m悬挑雨棚1个。
Single layered color plate without insulation, same material and panel with exterior wall panel.Besides, one 30m*10.75m(width*hanging length, the same below)tension rod type canopy in unload area;five of 1m*2.2m hanging canopies and one 1.2m*5.1m hanging canopy in main workshop wall.女儿墙：双层板结构，外侧板材同外墙面板，内侧板材质同外屋面板。沿新建厂房一周的同坡女儿墙，高度为400mm.Parapet: double layered color plate without insulation;exterior side has the same material with exterior wall panel and interior side with exterior roof panel.The parapet has the same slope with roof around new workshop building, with the height of 400mm.排水系统：drainage sys 内天沟：上海美建标准的不锈钢内天沟。Interior gutter: shanghai ABC’s standard stainless steel interior gutter.PVC雨水管：PVC downspout 收边系统：包括山墙收边、檐口收边、门洞收边、屋脊收边等，材料为镀铝锌板。
Flashing and trim: for gable wall, eaves, roof ridges and wall openings.The material is aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel panel.附件系统：accessories 自功螺钉：screws 密封胶：采用美国Sika公司生产的Sika系列密封胶带 sealant: Sika series sealing tape from Sika company 防热胀冷缩功能件及纵向搭接处的加强衬板。
Function devices to prevent deformation caused by temperature stress and strengthening scaleboard panels for longitudinal overlap.地角螺栓：包括垫块和抗剪件，材料为Q235 anchor bolts, including shims and anti-shear plate.Q235 strength 钢梁柱beam and column 底漆 priming(priming painting)面漆 facial paint 收边、泛水板：trim and flashing 油漆及喷砂处理：painting and shot flashing 雨棚：canopy 地脚螺栓：embeded bolts 抗渗漏金属屋面系统：leak-resistance metal roofing sys 抗剪刚度 shear stiffness stiffness:劲度、刚度、强度
ss360 roof stytem: standing seam 360 projection:突出部分
第五篇：古诗名编
引子
古诗是古代汉族诗歌的泛称，在时间上指1840年鸦片战争以前中国的诗歌作品，从格律上看，古诗可分为古体诗和近体诗。以唐朝为界限，以前诗歌均为古体诗，其后，古体诗渐渐式微，逐渐消亡。古体诗又称古诗或古风;近体诗又称今体诗。从《诗经》到南北朝的庾信，都算是古体诗，但唐代之后的诗歌不一定都算近体诗，具体在于格律声韵之分。诗歌是一种抒情言志的文学体裁，它以高度凝练的语言，形象地表达了作者丰富的思想感情，集中地反映了社会生活，并具有一定的节奏和韵律。中国的诗是凝练的，小小的一句诗也能包藏层层的诗心。我们在读诗的时候，切不要说我读懂了，你要读一遍，然后再读一遍，然后再读一遍，这样你的付出，它会给你回报的，它会让你在一遍又一遍的体味和把玩过后，展示给你诗歌的那种繁复的多叠的美丽。
目录
第一组：山水田园诗 第二组：写景诗 第三组：爱国诗 第四组：边塞诗 第五组：托物言志诗 第六组：惜时诗 第七组：送别诗 第八组：思乡诗 第九组：现代诗 第十组：自编自创诗
下面，就让我们叩响诗歌的大门，在诗海中遨游吧！
一.山水田园诗
过故人庄 朝代：唐代
作者：孟浩然 故人具鸡黍，邀我至田家。绿树村边合，青山郭外斜。
开轩面场圃，把酒话桑麻。待到重阳日，还来就菊花。
译文及注释
译文老朋友准备好了鸡和黄米饭，邀请我到他的农舍做客。翠绿的树木环绕着小村子，村子城墙外面青山连绵不断。打开窗子面对着谷场和菜园，我们举杯欢饮，谈论着今年庄稼的长势。等到九月初九重阳节的那一天，我还要再来和你一起喝菊花酒，一起观赏菊花的美丽。注释（1）过故人庄：选自《孟襄阳集》。过：造访。
鉴赏
这首诗是作者孟浩然隐居鹿门山时，上朋友家做客的表现。这是一首田园诗，描写农家恬静闲适的生活情景，也写老朋友的情谊。通过写田园生活的风光，写出作者对这种生活的向往。全文十分押韵。诗由‚邀‛到‚至‛到‚望‛又到‚约‛一径写去，自然流畅。语言朴实无华，意境清新隽永。
作者介绍 孟浩然
孟浩然（689-740），男，汉族，唐代诗人。本名不详（一说名浩），字浩然，襄州襄阳（今湖北襄阳）人，世称‚孟襄阳‛。
雨过山村
朝代：唐代 作者：王建
雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜。妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花。
译文
雨中有一两户人家传来鸡鸣，小溪两边长满翠竹，乡村的小路越过小溪，木板桥歪歪斜斜。村里的嫂嫂和小姑相互呼唤去清洗蚕子，庭院里的栀子花因农忙而无人欣赏。
注释
妇姑：嫂嫂和小姑。相唤：互相呼唤。
浴蚕：古时候将蚕种浸在盐水中，用来选出优良的蚕种，称为浴蚕。中庭：庭院。
闲着：农人忙着干活，没有人欣赏盛开的栀子花。
鉴赏
诗的前两句写雨中几声鸡鸣，一两家农舍；修竹、清溪、村路、板桥，淡淡几笔，便勾画出一幅优美静谧的山村风景。第三句转而写农事，‚妇姑相唤‛，透着亲切，可以想见家庭邻里关系的和睦；夏日雨中，仍要‚浴蚕去‛，则可知农事的繁忙。妇姑浴蚕去了，雨中的山村，唯有栀子花悠然无事地独自‚闲‛在庭院里。一个‚闲‛字，烘托出庭院中一片幽静气氛。全诗处处扣住山村景象，从景写到人，从人写到境；农事的繁忙，山村的神韵，皆蕴于一个‚闲‛字之中。它是全篇之‚眼‛，着此一字而境界全出。作者写雨过山村所见情景，富有诗情画意，又充满劳动生活的气息,同时也表达了一种对乡村生活的喜爱之情。
诗人简介
王建(约767年—约830年)：字仲初，生于颍川(今河南许昌)，唐朝诗人。其著作，《新唐书·艺文志》、《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》等皆作10卷，《崇文总目》作2卷。
竹里馆
朝代：唐朝 作者：王维
独坐幽篁里，弹琴复长啸。深林人不知，明月来相照。
注释
相照：与‚独坐‛对应。
译文
月夜，独坐在幽深的竹林里；时而弹弹琴，时而吹吹口哨。
竹林里僻静幽深，无人知晓，独坐幽篁，无人陪伴；唯有明月似解人意，偏来相照。
诗人简介
王维-唐代诗人 编辑词条
王维(701年-761年，一说699年-761年)，唐朝河东蒲州(今山西运城)人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝著名诗人、画家，字摩诘，号摩诘居士，世称“王右丞”。早年信道，后期因社会打击彻底禅化。存诗400余首，代表诗作有《相思》、《山居秋暝》等。王维参禅悟理，学庄信道，精通诗、书、画、音乐等，与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
游山西村
朝代：宋朝 作者：陆游
莫笑农家腊酒浑，丰年留客足鸡豚。山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。箫鼓追随春社近，衣冠简朴古风存。从今若许闲乘月，拄杖无时夜叩门。
注释
①腊酒：腊月里酿造的酒。
②足鸡豚（tún）：意思是准备了丰盛的菜肴。豚，小猪，诗中代指猪肉。
足：足够，丰盛。
③山重水复：一座座山、一道道水重重叠叠。
译文
正值丰年，朴素的农家自酿腊酒，杀鸡宰猪殷勤待客，可别笑话那酒浆浑浊，酒香中溢出的农家热情早已使人心驰神往。
寻寻觅觅，山峦重重叠叠，溪流迂回曲折，似已无路可走，继续前行，忽然柳树茂密，山花鲜艳，又一村庄出现在眼前。
春社祭祀的日子近了，村里吹箫打鼓的热闹起来了，农家人布衣毡帽，淳厚的古风犹存，好一派清新古朴的乡村风貌！
从今后，若是您同意我随时来拜访，闲来时我将会拄着拐杖，踏着月色，前来叩门。
二.写景诗
春
夜
喜
雨
朝代：唐代 作者：杜甫 好雨知时节，当春乃发生。随风潜入夜，润物细无声。野径云俱黑，江船火独明。晓看红湿处，花重锦官城。
译文
及时的雨好像知道时节似的，在春天来到的时候就伴着春风在夜晚悄悄地下起来，无声地滋润着万物。田野小径的天空一片昏黑，唯有江边渔船上的一点渔火放射出一线光芒，显得格外明亮。等天亮的时候，那潮湿的泥土上必定布满了红色的花瓣，锦官城的大街小巷也一定是一片万紫千红的景象。
注释
⑴知：明白，知道。说雨知时节，是一种拟人化的写法。⑵乃：就。发生：萌发生长。
锦官城：故址在今成都市南，亦称锦城。三国蜀汉时管理织锦之官驻此，故名。后人有用作成都的别称。此句是说露水盈花的美景。
绝句 朝代：唐代 作者：杜甫
两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天。窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船。
译文
两只黄鹂在翠绿的柳树间婉转地歌唱，一队整齐的白鹭直冲向蔚蓝的天空。我坐在窗前，可以望见西岭上堆积着终年不化的积雪，门前停泊着自万里外的东吴远行而来的船只。
注释
（1）西岭：西岭雪山。
（2）千秋雪：指西岭雪山上千年不化的积雪。（3）泊：停泊。
（4）东吴：古时候吴国的领地，江苏省一带。（5）万里船：不远万里开来的船只。
秋夕 朝代：唐代 作者：杜牧 原文：
银烛秋光冷画屏，轻罗小扇扑流萤。天阶夜色凉如水，卧看牵牛织女星。
译文
在秋夜里烛光映照着画屏，手拿着小罗扇扑打萤火虫。夜色里的石阶清凉如冷水，静坐寝宫凝视牛郎织女星。
注释
⑴秋夕：秋天的夜晚。
⑵银烛：银色而精美的蜡烛。银，一作‚红‛。画屏：画有图案的屏风。⑶轻罗小扇：轻巧的丝质团扇。流萤：飞动的萤火虫。⑷天阶：露天的石阶。天，一作‚瑶‛。⑸坐看：坐着朝天看。坐：一作‚卧‛。牵牛织女星：两个星座的名字，指牵牛星、织女星。亦指古代神话中的人物牵牛和织女。
作者介绍 杜牧
杜牧 杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称‚小杜‛，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称‚小李杜‛。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称‚杜樊川‛，著有《樊川文集》。
西江月·夜行黄沙道中
朝代：宋代 作者：辛弃疾
明月别枝惊鹊，清风半夜鸣蝉。稻花香里说丰年，听取蛙声一片。
七八个星天外，两三点雨山前。旧时茅店社林边，路转溪桥忽见。译文
天边的明月升上了树梢，惊飞了栖息在枝头的喜鹊。清凉的晚风仿佛传来了远处的蝉叫声。在稻花的香气里，人们谈论着丰收的年景，耳边传来一阵阵青蛙的叫声，好像在说着丰收年。
天空中轻云漂浮，闪烁的星星时隐时现，山前下起了淅淅沥沥的小雨，从前那熟悉的茅店小屋依然坐落在土地庙附近的树林中，山路一转，曾经那记忆深刻的溪流小桥呈现在他的眼前。
注释
①西江月：词牌名。
②黄沙：黄沙岭，在江西上饶的西面。
作者介绍 辛弃疾
辛弃疾 辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。
三.爱国诗
过
零
丁
洋
朝代：宋代 作者：文天祥
辛苦遭逢起一经，干戈寥落四周星。山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。惶恐滩头说惶恐，零丁洋里叹零丁。人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。
译文
回想我早年由科举入仕历尽辛苦，如今战火消歇已熬过了四个年头。国家危在旦夕恰如狂风中的柳絮，个人又哪堪言说似骤雨里的浮萍。惶恐滩的惨败让我至今依然惶恐，零丁洋身陷元虏可叹我孤苦零丁。人生自古以来有谁能够长生不死？我要留一片爱国的丹心映照史册。
注释
⑴零丁洋：零丁洋即‛伶丁洋‚。现在广东省珠江口外。1278年底，文天祥率军在广东五坡岭与元军激战，兵败被俘，囚禁船上曾经过零丁洋。
作者介绍 文天祥
文天祥 文天祥（1236.6.6－1283.1.9），字履善，又字宋瑞，自号文山，浮休道人。汉族，吉州庐陵（今江西吉安县）人，南宋末大臣，文学家，民族英雄。
春望 朝代：唐代 作者：杜甫
国破山河在，城春草木深。感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。烽火连三月，家书抵万金。白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。
译文
长安沦陷，国家破碎，只有山河依旧；春天来了，人烟稀少的长安城里草木茂密。感伤国事，不禁涕泪四溅，鸟鸣惊心，徒增离愁别恨。
连绵的战火已经延续了半年多，家书难得，一封抵得上万两黄金。愁绪缠绕，搔头思考，白发越搔越短，简直要不能插簪了。
注释
国：国都，指长安（今陕西西安）。破：陷落。山河在：旧日的山河仍然存在。城：长安城。草木深：指人烟稀少。
感时：为国家的时局而感伤。溅泪：流泪。恨别：怅恨离别。
烽火：古时边防报警的烟火，这里指安史之乱的战火。三月：正月、二月、三月。抵：值，相当。
白头：这里指白头发。搔：用手指轻轻的抓。
浑：简直。欲：想，要，就要。胜：受不住，不能。簪：一种束发的首饰。古代男子蓄长发，成年后束发于头顶，用簪子横插住，以免散开。
己亥杂诗·其五
朝代：清代 作者：龚自珍
浩荡离愁白日斜，吟鞭东指即天涯。落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。
译文
浩浩荡荡的离别愁绪向着日落西斜的远处延伸, 离开北京，马鞭向东一挥，感觉就是人在天涯一般。
我辞官归乡，有如从枝头上掉下来的落花，但它却不是无情之物，化成了春天的泥土，还能起着培育下一代的作用。
作者简介
龚自珍（1792年8月22日～1841年9月26日）清代思想家、文学家及改良主义的先驱者。27岁中举人，38岁中进士。曾任内阁中书、宗人府主事和礼部主事等官职。主张革除弊政，抵制外国侵略，曾全力支持林则徐禁除鸦片。4 破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之 朝代：宋代 作者：辛弃疾
醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下炙，五十弦翻塞外声。沙场秋点兵。
马作的卢飞快，弓如霹雳弦惊。了却君王天下事，赢得生前身后名。可怜白发生。
译文
醉梦里挑亮油灯观看宝剑，梦中回到了当年的各个营垒，接连响起号角声。把烤牛肉分给部下，乐队演奏北疆歌曲。这是秋天在战场上阅兵。
战马像的卢马一样跑得飞快，弓箭像惊雷一样，震耳离弦。(我)一心想替君主完成收复国家失地的大业，取得世代相传的美名。可怜已成了白发人！
注释 醉里：醉酒之中。
挑灯：拨动灯火，点灯。看剑：查看宝剑。准备上战场杀敌的形象。说明作者即使在醉酒之际也不忘抗敌。八百里：指牛。《世说新语·汰侈》‚晋王恺有良牛，名‘八百里驳’‛。后诗词多以‚八百里‛指牛。
麾：军旗。麾下：指部下。炙：烤肉。
五十弦：本指瑟，泛指乐器。翻：演奏。塞外声：以边塞作为题材的雄壮悲凉的军歌。沙场：战场
点兵：检阅军队。
马作的卢（dí lú）飞快：战马像的卢马那样跑得飞快；作，像…一样；的卢，马名。一种额部有白色斑点性烈的快马。相传刘备曾乘的卢马从襄阳城西的檀溪水中一跃三丈，脱离险境。作：像，如。
霹雳(pī lì)：特别响的雷声，比喻拉弓时弓弦响如惊雷。了(liǎo)却：了结，完成。天下事：此指恢复中原之事。.赢得：博得。身后：死后。可怜：可惜
四.边塞诗
使至塞上 朝代：唐代 作者：王维
单车欲问边，属国过居延。征蓬出汉塞，归雁入胡天。大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆。萧关逢候骑，都护在燕然。
译文
乘单车想去慰问边关，路经的属国已过居延。千里飞蓬也飘出汉塞，北归大雁正翱翔云天。浩瀚沙漠中孤烟直上，无尽黄河上落日浑圆。到萧关遇到侦候骑士，告诉我都护已在燕然。注释
⑴使至塞上：奉命出使边塞。使：出使。
⑵单车：一辆车，车辆少，这里形容轻车简从。问边：到边塞去察看，指慰问守卫边疆的官兵。
⑶属国：有几种解释：一指少数民族附属于汉族朝廷而存其国号者。汉、唐两朝均有一些属国。二指官名，秦汉时有一种官职名为典属国，苏武归汉后即授典属国官职。唐人有时以‚属国‛代称出使边陲的使臣。居延：地名，汉代称居延泽，唐代称居延海，在今内蒙古额济纳旗北境。又西汉张掖郡有居延县（参《汉书·地理志》），故城在今额济纳旗东南。又东汉凉州刺史部有张掖居延属国，辖境在居延泽一带。此句一般注本均言王维路过居延。然而王维此次出使，实际上无需经过居延。因而林庚、冯沅君主编的《中国历代诗歌选》认为此句是写唐王朝‚边塞的辽阔，附属国直到居延以外‛。
⑷征蓬：随风飘飞的蓬草，此处为诗人自喻。
⑸归雁：雁是候鸟，春天北飞，秋天南行，这里是指大雁北飞。胡天：胡人的领空。这里是指唐军占领的北方地方。
⑹大漠：大沙漠，此处大约是指凉州之北的沙漠。孤烟：赵殿成注有二解：一云古代边防报警时燃狼粪，‚其烟直而聚，虽风吹之不散‛。二云塞外多旋风，‚袅烟沙而直上‛。据后人有到甘肃、新疆实地考察者证实，确有旋风如‚孤烟直上‛。又：孤烟也可能是唐代边防使用的平安火。《通典》卷二一八云：‚及暮，平安火不至。‛胡三省注：‚《六典》：唐镇戍烽候所至，大率相去三十里，每日初夜，放烟一炬，谓之平安火。‛
关山月 朝代：唐代 作者：李白
明月出天山，苍茫云海间。长风几万里，吹度玉门关。汉下白登道，胡窥青海湾。由来征战地，不见有人还。戍客望边邑，思归多苦颜。高楼当此夜，叹息未应闲。
译文
巍巍天山，苍茫云海，一轮明月倾泻银光一片。浩荡长风，掠过几万里关山，来到戍边将士驻守的边关。汉高祖出兵白登山征战匈奴，吐蕃觊觎青海大片河山。这些历代征战之地，很少看见有人庆幸生还。戍边兵士仰望边城，思归家乡愁眉苦颜。当此皓月之夜，高楼上望月怀夫的妻子，同样也在频频哀叹，远方的亲人啊，你几时能卸甲洗尘归来。
注释
关山月：乐府《横吹曲》调名。白登：今山西大同市东有白登山。汉高祖刘邦曾亲率大军与匈奴交战，被围困七日。
①关山月：古乐府诗题，多抒离别哀伤之情。②天山：指祁连山，位于今青海、甘肃两省交界。
③玉门关：在今甘肃敦煌西，古代通向西域的交通要道。
④白登：白登山，在今大同东北。匈奴曾围困刘邦于此。胡：此指吐蕃。窥：有所企图。
⑤戍客：驻守边疆的战士。
⑥高楼：古诗中多以高楼指闺阁，这里指戍边兵士的妻子。
作者介绍 李白
李白 李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为‚诗仙‛。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
从军行·其二 朝代：唐代 作者：李白
百战沙场碎铁衣，城南已合数重围。突营射杀呼延将，独领残兵千骑归。
译文 身经沙场百战铁甲已破碎，城池南面被敌人重重包围。突进营垒，射杀呼延大将，独自率领残兵千骑而归。
注释
1.沙场：胡三省《通鉴注》：‚唐人谓沙漠之地为沙场。“碎铁衣：指身穿的盔甲都支离破碎。
2.呼延：呼延，是匈奴四姓贵族之一，这里指敌军的一员悍将。
燕歌行二首·其一 朝代：魏晋 作者：曹丕
秋风萧瑟天气凉，草木摇落露为霜，群燕辞归鹄南翔。念君客游思断肠，慊慊思归恋故乡，君何淹留寄他方？ 贱妾茕茕守空房，忧来思君不敢忘，不觉泪下沾衣裳。援琴鸣弦发清商，短歌微吟不能长。明月皎皎照我床，星汉西流夜未央。牵牛织女遥相望，尔独何辜限河梁。
译文 秋风萧瑟,天气清冷，草木凋落，白露凝霜。
燕群辞归，天鹅南飞。思念出外远游的良人啊，我肝肠寸断。思虑冲冲，怀念故乡。君为何故，淹留他方。
贱妾孤零零的空守闺房，忧愁的时候思念君子啊，我不能忘怀。不知不觉中珠泪下落，打湿了我的衣裳。
拿过古琴，拨弄琴弦却发出丝丝哀怨。短歌轻吟，似续还断。
那皎洁的月光啊照着我的空床，星河沉沉向西流，忧心不寐夜漫长。牵牛织女啊远远的互相观望，你们究竟有什么罪过，被天河阻挡。
注释
本篇属《相和歌辞·平调曲》。燕是北方边地，征戍不绝，所以《燕歌行》多半写离别。摇落：凋残。鹄：天鹅。
慊慊：空虚之感。淹留：久留。上句是设想对方必然思归，本句是因其不归而生疑问。
茕茕：孤独无依的样子。出自《楚辞·九章·思美人》：‚独茕茕而南行兮，思彭咸之故也。‛
五.托物言志诗
竹石 朝代：清代 作者：郑燮
咬定青山不放松，立根原在破岩中。千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风。
译文
竹子抓住青山一点也不放松，它的根牢牢地扎在岩石缝中。
经历成千上万次的折磨和打击，它依然那么坚强，不管是酷暑的东南风，还是严冬的西北风，它都能经受得住，还会依然坚韧挺拔。
赏析
这是一首寓意深刻的题画诗。首二句说竹子扎根破岩中，基础牢固。次二句说任凭各方来的风猛刮，竹石受到多大的磨折击打，它们仍然坚定强劲。作者在赞美竹子的这种坚定顽强精神中，还表达了自己不怕任何打击的硬骨头精神。
作者介绍 郑燮
郑板桥（1693—1765）清代官吏、书画家、文学家。名燮，字克柔，汉族，江苏兴化人。一生主要客居扬州，以卖画为生。
青松 朝代：现代 作者：陈毅
大雪压青松，青松挺且直。要知松高洁，待到雪化时。
译文
厚厚的一层雪压在松枝上，仔细看一看，这青松又高又直。要想知道这青松又多么纯洁多么高大，那就要等到树上那层厚厚的雪化了之后才能看到。
分析
《青松》一题，是《冬夜杂咏》中的首篇。《冬夜杂咏》这一组诗最初发表于《诗刊》1962年第一期上。共12题19首，这里选其中一首。发表时有小序云：一九六〇年冬夜大雪，长夜不寐。起坐写小诗若干段，寄兴无端，几乎零乱。迄今事满一年，不复诠次。（诠次，选择、归类及排列的意思。）送登《诗刊》，以博读者一粲。（粲，形容笑的样子。）一九六一年十二月一日仲弘记。（仲弘，是陈毅的字。）作者借物咏怀，表面写松，其实写人。写人坚忍不拔、宁折不弯的刚直与豪迈，写那个特定时代不畏艰难、雄气勃发、愈挫弥坚的精神。
梅花 朝代：宋代 作者：王安石
墙角数枝梅，凌寒独自开。遥知不是雪，为有暗香来。
译文
那墙角的几枝梅花，冒着严寒独自盛开。为什么远望就知道洁
白的梅花不是雪呢？因为梅花隐隐传来阵阵幽香。
注释
⑴凌寒：冒着严寒。
⑵遥：远远地。知：知道。赏析
‚墙角数枝梅‛，‚墙角‛不引人注目，不易为人所知，更未被人赏识，却又毫不在乎。‚墙角”这个环境突出了数枝梅身居简陋，孤芳自开的形态。体现出诗人所处环境恶劣，却依旧坚持自己的主张的态度。‚凌寒独自开‛，‚独自‛，语意刚强，无惧旁人的眼光，在恶劣的环境中，依旧屹立不倒。体现出诗人坚持自我的信念.画菊 朝代：宋代 作者：郑思肖
花开不并百花丛，独立疏篱趣未穷。宁可枝头抱香死，何曾吹落北风中。
译文
你在秋天盛开，从不与百花为丛。独立在稀疏的篱笆旁边，你的情操意趣并未衰穷。宁可在枝头上怀抱着清香而死，绝不会吹落于凛冽北风之中！
赏析
郑思肖的这首画菊诗，与一般赞颂菊花不俗不艳不媚不屈的诗歌不同，托物言志，深深隐含了诗人的人生遭际和理想追求，是一首有特定生活内涵的菊花诗。
作者介绍 郑思肖
郑思肖 郑思肖（1241～1318）宋末诗人、画家，连江（今属福建）人。原名不详，宋亡后改名思肖，因肖是宋朝国姓赵的组成部分。字忆翁，表示不忘故国；号所南，日常坐卧，要向南背北。亦自称菊山后人、景定诗人、三外野人、三外老夫等。
六.惜时诗
劝
学
朝代：唐代 作者：颜真卿
三更灯火五更鸡，正是男儿读书时。
诗 黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟。
译文
每天三更半夜到鸡啼叫的时候，是男孩子们读书的最好时间，少年时代要知道发愤苦读，勤奋学习。但如果只知道玩，不知道要好好学习，到老的时候才后悔自己年少时为什么不知道要勤奋学习。
赏析
《劝学》是唐朝诗人颜真卿所写的一首古诗。劝勉青少年要珍惜少壮年华，少年时代要知道发愤苦读，勤奋学习，有所作为，否则，等到老了再想读书就迟了，后悔已晚，应该珍惜时光。使孩子初步理解人生短暂，从而提高学习的积极性。
作者介绍
颜真卿（709-784，一说709-785），字清臣，汉族，唐京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，祖籍唐琅琊临沂（今山东临沂），中国唐代书法家。唐代中期杰出书法家。他创立的‚颜体‛楷书与赵孟頫、柳公权、欧阳询并称‚楷书四大家‛。
长歌行 朝代：两汉 作者：佚名
青青园中葵，朝露待日晞。阳春布德泽，万物生光辉。常恐秋节至，焜黄华叶衰。百川东到海，何时复西归？ 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲！
译文
园中的葵菜都郁郁葱葱，晶莹的朝露阳光下飞升。春天把希望洒满了大地，万物都呈现出一派繁荣。常恐那肃杀的秋天来到，树叶儿黄落百草也凋零。百川奔腾着东流到大海，何时才能重新返回西境？ 少年人如果不及时努力，到老来只能是悔恨一生。
注释
⑴长歌行：汉乐府曲题。这首诗选自《乐府诗集》卷三十，属相和歌辞中的平调曲。
⑵葵：‚葵‛作为蔬菜名，指中国国古代重要蔬菜之一。《诗经·豳风·七月》：‚七月亨葵及菽。‛李时珍《本草纲目》说‚葵菜古人种为常食，今之种者颇鲜。有紫茎、白茎二种，以白茎为胜。
金缕衣 朝代：唐代 作者：杜秋娘
劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君惜取少年时。花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。
译文
不要爱惜荣华富贵，而应爱惜少年时光。就像那盛开的鲜花，要 及时采摘。如果采摘不及时，等到春残花落之时，就只能折取花枝了。
注解
⑴金缕衣：缀有金线的衣服，比喻荣华富贵。⑵须惜：珍惜。
明日歌 朝代：明代 作者：钱福
明日复明日，明日何其多！日日待明日，万世成蹉跎。
世人皆被明日累，明日无穷老将至。晨昏滚滚水东流，今古悠悠日西坠。
译文
明天又一个明天，明天何等的多。
我的一生都在等待明日，什么事情都没有进展。世人和我一样辛苦地被明天所累，一年年过去马上就会老。早晨看河水向东流逝，傍晚看太阳向西坠落才是真生活。
注释 ①复：又。
②何其：多么。这句说：明日是何等的多啊。③待：等待。作者介绍 钱福
钱福 钱福（1461—1504）明代状元，字与谦，因家住松江鹤滩附近，自号鹤滩。南直隶松江府华亭（今上海松江）人。
七组：送别诗
注解 １、郭：城墙外的墙，指城外。
２、蓬：草名，枯后随风飘荡，这里喻友人。３、兹：现在。４、班：分别。译文
青山横卧在城郭的北面，白水泱泱地环绕着东城。在此我们一道握手言别，你象蓬草飘泊万里远征。游子心思恰似天上浮云，夕阳余晖可比难舍友情。频频挥手作别从此离去，马儿也为惜别声声嘶鸣……
赏析
这是首送别诗，充满诗情画意。首联工对，写得别开生面。
译文
老朋友孟浩然向我频频挥手，一起在那告别了黄鹤楼，他在这柳絮如烟、繁花似锦的阳春三月将去扬州远游。
友人的孤船帆影渐渐地远去，消失在碧空的尽头，只看见长江浩浩荡荡地向着天边奔流。注释
⑴黄鹤楼：中国著名的名胜古迹，故址在今湖北武汉市武昌蛇山的黄鹄矶上，属于长江下游地带，传说三国时期的费祎于此登仙乘黄鹤而去，故称黄鹤楼。原楼已毁，现存楼为1985年修葺。孟浩然：李白的朋友。之：往、到达。广陵：即扬州。
⑵故人：老朋友，这里指孟浩然。其年龄比李白大，在诗坛上享有盛名。李白对他很敬佩，彼此感情深厚，因此称之为‚故人‛。辞：辞别。
译文
李白坐上小船刚刚要离开，忽然听到岸上传来告别的歌声。即使桃花潭水有一千尺那么深，也不及汪伦送别我的一片情深。
注释
①踏歌：民间的一种唱歌形式，一边唱歌，一边用脚踏地打拍子，可以边走边唱。
②桃花潭：在今安徽泾县西南一百里。《一统志》谓其深不可测。③深千尺：诗人用潭水深千尺比喻汪伦与他的友情，运用了夸张的手法（潭深千尺不是实有其事）写深情厚谊，十分动人。
④不及：不如。
译文
在南浦凄凉愁苦的分别，秋风萧索黯淡。回头看一次就肝肠寸断，好好离去吧，不要再回头了。
注释
（1）南浦：南面的水边。后常用称送别之地。（2）别：分别，别离。
（3）袅袅（niǎo）：吹拂，这里形容西风吹拂。（4）好去：放心前去。（5）莫：不要。
八.思乡诗
译文
独自远离家乡难免总有一点凄凉，每到重阳佳节倍加思念远方的亲人。远远想到兄弟们身佩茱萸登上高处，也会因为少我一人而生遗憾之情。
注释
⑴九月九日：即重阳节。古以九为阳数，故曰重阳。忆：想念。山东：王维迁居于蒲县（今山西永济县），在函谷关与华山以东，所以称山东。
⑵异乡：他乡、外乡。为异客：作他乡的客人。⑶佳节：美好的节日。
⑷登高：古有重阳节登高的风俗。
⑸茱萸（zhūyú）：一种香草，即草决明。古时人们认为重阳节插戴茱萸可以避灾克邪。
诗意：
洛阳城又开始刮秋风了，凉风阵阵吹起了我埋藏在心底的万千思绪，便想写封书信以表对家人思恋。又担心时间匆忙有什么没有写到之处，在送信之人即将出发前有再次打开信封检查。作者介绍 张籍
张籍 张籍（约767～约830），唐代诗人。字文昌，汉族，和州乌江（今安徽和县）人，郡望苏州吴（今江苏苏州）1。先世移居和州，遂为和州乌江（今安徽和县乌江镇）人。世称‚张水部‛、‚张司业‛。张籍的乐府诗与王建齐名，并称‚张王乐府‛。著名诗篇有《塞下曲》《征妇怨》《采莲曲》《江南曲》。1 《张籍籍贯考辨》认为，韩愈所说的‚吴郡张籍‛乃谓其郡望，并引《新唐书·张籍传》、《唐诗纪事》、《舆地纪胜》等史传材料，驳苏州之说而定张籍为乌江人。
诗意
明亮的月光洒在床前的窗户纸上，好像地上泛起了一层霜。我禁不住抬起头来，看那天窗外空中的一轮明月，不由得低头沉思，想起远方的家乡。
注释
⑴静夜思：静静的夜里，产生的思绪。⑵床：今传五种说法。
一指井台。已经有学者撰文考证过。中国教育家协会理事程实将考证结果写成论文发表在刊物上，还和好友创作了《诗意图》。
注释
（1）云物：指天空中的云雾。拂曙：拂晓。（2）高秋：深秋。（3）横塞：越过关塞
（4）篱菊：篱笆旁的菊花。晋陶渊明有‚采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。‛的诗句
译文
秋天拂晓时，天上的云雾都带着曙光将出的寒意，唐朝的宫殿的周围呈现出深秋的景象。残星几点，群雁从塞外飞来，有人倚楼吹着长笛，曲调悠扬婉转。篱边半开的菊花呈现出紫艳之色，静悄悄的，水面的莲花凋零，红衣尽卸。家乡的鲈鱼正美，但自己不能回去，却要像钟仪那样戴着南冠，学着楚囚的样儿羁留他乡。
九组：现代诗
雪
飘落在冬天里那些雪白的小精灵是雪吗？
我看着那深深地印在大地上的足迹，是那个追梦人在如此清早在这里起舞？ 挂在树梢的还是那样的晶莹，还有些调皮的羽毛凌乱地舞着，整个世界仿佛都静了下来，偶尔响起是也是自己的足音。
捧起那雪白的雪，想捧起整个冬天，放在自己的心里，永远都留在心里。
拔开自己的凌乱的心扉，放进一片纯净和雪白，或许会收获一份快乐和宁静。
把我带去吧，我的风筝，快快把我带上蓝天！我要在天上飞行，我要在天上盘旋，我要像鸟儿那样飞呀飞，飞过大海哟，飞过大洋。把我带去吧，我的风筝，快快把我带上蓝天！在天空看看世界有多棒，去看全世界的小朋友有多好，我要同他们手拉手，我要同他们一起欢笑。把我带去吧，我的风筝，快快把我带上蓝天！
秋姑姑
我们想起秋姑姑，就想起收获。
我没有见过秋姑姑，但我猜秋姑姑的脸儿，是红红的、圆圆的、胖乎乎的。我没有看见过秋姑姑，但我猜秋姑姑，是一个画家。秋姑姑一来，就给果树和庄稼，抹上了金黄的，火红的颜色。
善良
要是苹果只有一个，它准装不满大家的提篮。要是苹果树只有一个，挂苹果的树杈也准覆不满一园。然而一个人，要是他把 心灵的善良分给大家，那就到处都会有明丽的光，就像甜甜的果儿挂满了果园！
十.自编自创诗
仓鼠 李英
它有一身雪白的绒毛，一双机灵的小眼睛和一个小巧玲珑的鼻子。它吃饭时还会常常发呆，不论你怎么呼喊它，都一动不动。
它胖胖的身体似一个小绒球，常常温暖别人的心灵，给人带来快乐。我喜欢你们—仓鼠！我们呀
一定可以做真心朋友！
如果 宋章钰 如果我是太阳，我愿意让我的光芒普照大地，为世界带来生机。如果我是一朵云，我愿意为人们作画，将蓝天谱写成一张美丽的画卷。如果我是雨，我愿意将自己洒向大地，滋润干渴的生灵。如果我是雾，我愿意湿润空气，将世界变得更加清新。
春天 刘湘乐 春天在哪里？ 春天在哪里？
春天在那绿色的树梢里。春天是什么？ 春天是什么？
春天是一个会躲猫猫的小女孩，春天是一个会织绿色衣服的小公主。啊！春天到底是什么？ 原来是那变魔法的小精灵！
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