定语从句中的特殊用法

第一篇：定语从句中的特殊用法

定语从句中的特殊用法

定语从句是起定语作用的,修饰,说明名词,代词或句子内容的从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句，并在句中担任成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。定语从句是高考常考内容之一，使用时要尤其注意以下十种特殊用法。

一、只用that不用which的情况

1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如： Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。

I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如： 2The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。

That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。

3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：

The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。

This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。

4、被修饰词为数词时。例如：

Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。

5、主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：

There’s still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。

6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：

We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。

He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。

7、当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who, which…which等重叠，定语从句要用that引导。例如：

Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门边的那个男人是谁？

Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多？

人或物在定语从句中表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略。例如：

He is no longer the man that he was.他不再是过去的他。

8、二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况

1、引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：

Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。

2、当关系词前有介词时。例如：

This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。

3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如：

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。

4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如：

Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。

5、先行词为that时。例如：

The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。

三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况

1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：

The person I want to learn from is one who studies

hard and works well.我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的人。

2、在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用 who关系代词指代人。例如： There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.有位先生想见你。

3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：

I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.昨天下午我在公园里遇到一位中文讲得非常好的外国人。

4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.受到校长表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长。

注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：

The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。

way在定语从句作先行词的用法

当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词可用in which, that或省略引导词。例如：

I don’t like the way（that /in which）he looks at me.我不喜欢他那种样子看着我。四、五、在定语从句中作状语的关系副词when, where, why的用法

1、先行词表示时间时，定语从句中的谓语动词如果是不及物动词，用关系副词when或介词+ which;如果是及物动词，用which或that都行。例如：

I still remember the days when（=on which）we lived together.我仍然记得我们在一起的时光。

2、先行词表示地点时，如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，用关系副词where或介词+which;如果是及物动词时，用which或that都可以。例如：

This is the small village where(=in which)Chairman Mao ever lived.这就是毛主席曾经居住过的小村庄。

表示原因时，why前的先行词是表示原因的名词reason。例如：

Can you tell me the reason why(=for which)you di3、dn’t finish your homework? 你能告诉我你没有完成作业的原因吗？

六、whose引导的定语从句

Whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，当先行词指物时，可以用the+名词+of which的结构。例如：

He studies in a school whose buildings(=the buildings of which)are built on top of a hill.他就读的学校其房子都建在山顶上。

七、as作关系代词引导的定语从句

1、引导限制性定语从句。在主句中常有the same, so或such与as相呼应, as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、主语补足语等。as引出的定语从句带有比较意义，从句常常只写出比较部分，但as本身不可省略。例如：

He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.他使用在课文中可以找到的那些词语。

They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.他们在他们曾租用过的同一房间过夜。

注意：在the same…后也可用that引导定语从句，但含义有所不同。that引出的从句，指的是与先行词同一的事物，而as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物。例如：

This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个包和我昨天丢失的包的样子是同样的。

This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。

2、引导非限制性定语从句。带主句的全部或部分内容。常译为“正如-------”“就像------”等，定语从句可以置于主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主、被动语态。例如：

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.正如大家所知道的那样，月球每月绕着地球转一圈。

He wasn’t unconscious, as could be judged from his eyes.他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以看出来。

注意：as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

1）、都可以代整个主句，相当于and this或and that.2）、as可放在句首，而which不能。

3）、as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；如果为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.例如：

It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.昨天下大雨，这使得我不能去公园。

八、of短语作为定语从句的先行词的情况

one of the +复数名词这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词，通常用复数形式，与定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。但如果one of the+复数名词这一结构前面带有the/only/the only之类的限定语，从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，此时从句在意义上修饰的 是the one.例如：

Tom is one of the boys who were late that morning.汤姆是那天早晨迟到的男生之一。

Tom is the(only/the only)one of the boys who was late that morning.汤姆是那天早上唯一迟到的男生。

九、that有时可用作关系副词来代替when, 引导一个定语从句，修饰表示时间的名词，如day, time, moment等。例如：

I arrived here the day that(=when)he left.我是在他离开的那天到达这儿的。

He worked hard the whole time that(=when)he lived here.他在这里的整个时间工作都很努力。

十、than和but也可用作关系代词引导定语从句

1、than用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

You spent more money than was intended to be spent.你花的钱超过了预定的数额。（than是关系代词，在句中作主语,其先行词是money）

2、but作为关系代词引导定语从句时，一般同具有否定意义的主句连用，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。例如:

There was not a single student in my class but learnt a lot from him.（but=who did not）我班上每一个学生都从他那里学到了很多东西。

因此，在这种句子中，but在意义上等于“that...not”，“who...not”，“which...not”。

修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 使用that的情况：

1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。e.g.Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。

e.g.I have some books that are very good.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。e.g.This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 e.g.Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.在there be句型中,只用that.He asked for the latest book(that)there is on the subject.8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。e.g.This is the very book that I lost yesterday.9.当先行词又有人又有物时。

e.g.I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.只能使用which的情况。

1、非限制性定语从句中。

e.g.Mary has a book, which is very precious.2、在介词之后。

e.g.This is a house in which lives an old man.3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。

e.g.That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

第二篇：定语从句中只能使用that的情况（最终版）

定语从句中只能使用that的情况

1.当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。

例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗?

2.当先行词为all，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。

例：Tom told her mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。

3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。

例：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。

4.当先行词是序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。

例：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

5.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。

例：This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他得到的唯一机会。

He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你的人。

6.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。例：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。

7.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。

例：Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday? 哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？

第三篇：定语从句中不能用“which”的几种情况

定语从句中不能用“which”的几种情况

1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.There are few books that you can read in this book store.2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which.He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that, 而不用which.This is the best novel that I have ever read.Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that, 不用which.The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.That is the very thing that we can do.It is the only book that he bought himself.6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.You can take any room that you like.There is no clothes that fit you here.7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?

8.在强调句型“ It is...that...” 中,只用that,不用which.It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.9.在“ such(the same)...as...” 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.We need such materials as(not which)can bear high temperature.10.表示“ 正如...那样 ”,“ 正象...” 之意时, 用as, 不用which.Mary was late again, as had been expected.11.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面, 也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。

As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.

第四篇：that在名词性从句中的用法归纳

what 在名词性从句中的用法

1．确定含义。what 引导名词性从句有两种含义：（1）什么（2）……的人/事/物。例如：

1.I don't know what I should do with the problems.我不知道该如何处理这些问题。（什么）

2.What you will do next is none of my business.你下一步做什么不关我的事。（什么）3.The teacher told us he wanted to take back what he had said.老师告诉我们他想收回他说过的话。（……的话）

4.She is no longer what she used to be.她不是过去的她了。（……的人）2． 确定成分。what 作“什么”讲，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；作“……的人/事/物”讲，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如： 5.They don't know what happened.他们不知道发生了什么。（what 在从句中作主语，含义是“什么”）

6.What he says is not important.他所说的并不重要。（what 在从句中作主语，含义是“……的话”）

7.Do what you please.你爱干什么就干什么。（what 在从句中作宾语，含义是“……的事“）

8.Please tell me what you are doing here on earth!请告诉我你究竟在这里干什么！（what 在从句中作宾语，含义是“什么”）

9.He is not what he was ten years ago.他不再是十年前的他了。(what 在从句中作表语，含义是“……人”)

10.It is the ability to do the job, not what she is , that matters.重要的是（她）做这项工作的能力，而不是她是什么（人）。（what 在从句中作表语，含义是“什么”）

11.Are you sure what books he likes reading? 你知道他喜欢读什么书吗？（what 在从句中作定语，含义是“什么”）

注：what 作“……的人/事/物”讲时一般不作定语。

3．引导从句的性质。what 可以引导主语从句(例句 2 和例句 6)、宾语从句（例句 1 和例句 3）、表语从句（例句 4 和例句 9）、同位语从句。再如：

The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me.是什么使情况更糟了？这个问题一直在困惑着我。（what 引导的是同位语从句）注：除了上述主要用法外，what 还有两种其它用法。

a.关系形容词用法：作定语，意为：所……的，任何……的（= as much/many as；the...that；any...that）。例如：

I gave him what books(=any books that/the books that)I had.我把我所有的书全给他了。

I will give you what help(=any help that/as much help as)I can.我愿尽力帮助你。Lend me what money(= as much money as)you can.你能借多少钱就借给我多少。b.感叹词用法：作定语，意为：多么（多用于简单句中的感叹句中）What a fool you are!你多傻！What a good idea!多妙的主意啊！What happy boys!多幸福的孩子啊！What a pity!真遗憾！

What 和that 在名词性从句中的用法区别

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四种。名词性从句是高二学生必学的重要英语语法之一。在学名词性从句时，学生经常为What 和that 在句中的用法而困惑。下面是我在教学实践中对这一知识的总结，仅供同学们参考：

What 和that 都可以引导名词性从句。但他们在句子中的语法功能截然不同。一．在引导名词性从句时，从属连词that一般要注意三个不（three nos）： 1．不省略（no ellipsis）

当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不省略。

Eg.1)That he was able to come made us happy.(That 引导主语从句不可省略)2)The truth is that I didn’t go there.(that引导表语从句不可省略)

3)The news that our team has won is true.(that引导同位语从句不可省略)但在非正式文体中that 引导宾语从句时可以省略，除下列两种情况外： that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况.(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that，从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.Eg: 4)He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.（that不可以省略）

他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。

(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导 的宾语从句中, 则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。

Eg: 5)He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.（第一个That可以省略，但第二个that不可以省略。)他告诉我他将来而且他将准时来。

2．不作成分（no component）

that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。

Eg.6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.（that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分）

7))That you don’t like him is none of my business.(that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中不作任何成分，也不省略）

3． 没词义（no meaning）

that 在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。

Eg.8)That she is a rich woman is known to us.(that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义)

她是一个很有钱的女子，这一点我们都知道。

9）The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him.(that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义）

他也许会考试失败，这一想法使他很担心。

第五篇：主语从句中的虚拟语气

一、It’s important…类

这一类型主要包括It is(was)important(necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that...句型。如：

It is impossible that he should go home.他不可能会回家去。

It is necessary that I should return it right now.我有必要马上把它还回去。

It is important that we should speah politely.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist.没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。It is imperative that we should practise critidsm and self-criticism.应当进行批评与自我批评。

二、It’s a pity…类

It is a pity that she should fare so badly.她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。

It’s a pity that he should be so obstinate.真遗憾他竟这样倔犟。

It was a pity that you couldn’t come.你不能来，真是太遗憾了。

It is a pity that she failed the driving examination.她没通过驾驶考试真是遗憾。

It is his desire that a medical man should stay here.他希望有一个医务人员留在这里。

三、It’s desired…类

这种主语从句还常用在It is(was)desired(suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc.)that...句型。如：

It is requested that a vote be taken.建议付诸表决。

It is settled that you leave us, then? 那么你肯定要离开我们罗?

It was proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting.有人提议这事下次会议再讨论。

It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff.希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。

【特别说明】

(1)在现代英语中，有时也可不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，但初学者宜慎用。

(2)在It is amazing(strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised(sorry)和I regret等结构后的that 从句中有时也用should，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意：

It’s strange that he should be so rude.他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。

I’m surprised that he should have failed.他竟然失败了，这使我很吃惊。

若不用虚拟语气也可以，则不带感情 色彩，比较：

It’s a pity that he failed the exam.他考试没及格，真是遗憾。

It’s a pity that he should have failed the exam.他考试竟没及格，真是遗憾。