第一篇：初中从句区别
一、状语从句分类及常用连词：
类别 连 词
时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc.地点状语从句 where,wherever
原因状语从句 because, since, as, for, now that, etc.目的状语从句 in order that, so that, that, etc.结果状语从句 so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc.条件状语从句 if, unless, as(so)long as, etc.让步状语从句 though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc.比较状语从句 as…as, so…as, than, etc.方式状语从句 as, as if, as though, etc.二、相似连词的用法区别
1.when, while, as，while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。
when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。
as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。
when, while后可以接分词短语。
2.because, as, since, for
语气 位置 意义
because 最强 前或后 “原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“” as 较强 前 “由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由
since 较弱 前 “既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由
for 最弱 后 “理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由
注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。
3.so that, so…that, such…that
so that “以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。
so…that “如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于：
1.so+形／副＋that 2.so+形＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that 3.so＋many/much＋复数名词（不可数名词）+that
such…that “如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于：
1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名词＋that 2.such＋形＋复数名词／不可数名词＋that
4.though, although, as，though, although在句首表“尽管”两者都可以用。但句后不能再用but。
下列情况只能用though：
▲ as though(=as if);even if(=even though)▲ 在句末表示“然而” as表示“尽管”，从句的表语、状语等成分要倒装。
5.whatever, however,wherever, whenever
它们是what, how, where, when的强势语气。分别等于：
no matter what, no matter how no matter where, no matter when
二宾语从句
1.肯定句
结构:主句+that（可有可无）+肯定句
2.一般疑问句
结构:主句+if+一般疑问句
3.特殊疑问句
结构:主句+疑问词+肯定句。
宾语从句的时态
1.主现从不限（主句是一般现在时，从句的时态不限）
2.主过从四过（主居是一般过去时，从句的时态应是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时或者过去进行时）
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句，它内容完整，句型结构较为复杂，主句和从句时态搭配要求严格，在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。学习宾语从句并不难，只要你能过好下面的三道关：
第一关，选好连接词（也有人叫关联词）。
引导宾语从句的连接词，课本上写有三类，但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。
1．连词that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如：
1）He knew（that）he should work hard．
2）I am glad（that）you've passed the exam．
2．连词whether或if：它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口语中多用if。例如：
3）Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？（注：2002上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句，都为2002年中考题，只写某地。）
4）Tom didn't know if／whether his grandpa liked the present．
作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如：
5）He asked me whether or not I was coming．他问我是否要来。（该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。）
3．连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which：它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意义。例如：
6）The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？（武汉市）（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”。）
7）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？（天津市）4．连接副词when，where，why，how：起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有其自己的意义。例如：
8）I wonder where he got so much money．对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（where在从句中作地点状语，修饰got，意为“哪里；什么地方”。）
9）He didn't tell me how old his friend was．（四川省）（how引导宾语从句，作程度状语，修饰old，意为“怎样；如何”等意。）
第二关，牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。这里特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如：
10）You must remember what your teacher said．（河南省）
11）—Dad，do you know when the football game will start？
—In half an hour．（宁波市）
12）汉译英：你能不能告诉我，我们去看望谁？
误：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see？
正：Can you tell me who（m）we have to see？
错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构——主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句，如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris？就顺口说出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris？”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了，我们不久就习惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris？”了。
第三关，注意时态的呼应。
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如：
13）汉译英：我原以为你今天有空的。
误：I thought（that）you are free today．
正：I thought（that）you would be free today．
错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有 today，但因为主句谓语是thought，所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时would be了。
这种时态的呼应，如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制，如上述例句2），3），7），8），10），11），12）。如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。例如：
14）He thought he was working for the people．
15）I heard she had been to the Great W all．
16）John hoped that he would find a job soon．
但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化：
17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
定语从句
定语从句
内容提要
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、限定性定语从句
1.that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6.when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8.当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which)they left.刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3.有时as也可用作关系代词
4.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物
三、定语从句结构错误
1.缺关系词
2.从句中缺成分
第二篇：初中从句
1）表语从句
1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2.构成：关联词+简单句
3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：（1）从属连词that.如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。（2）从属连词whether，as，as if.如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago，but it’s as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be，seem，look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。
（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever连接副词 where，when，how，why.如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。解释：
1.连词because可引导表语从句。
如：I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。
如：My suggestion is that we（should）start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
2）主语从句
1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2.构成：关联词+简单句
3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：（1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。（2）从属连词whether.如：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。
（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why.如：
What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。
Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。
解释：
1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
A.It+be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B.It+be+名词词组（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.）+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C.It+be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D.It+seem，happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。
E.It+doesn’t matter（makes no difference，etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week？ 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow？ 他们明天不来很要紧吗？
G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet！孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
2.注意连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。
Whoever comes will be welcome.（whoever=the person who）来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right.（whatever=the thing that）他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.（whichever=anyone of you who）你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
3）宾语从句
1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2.构成：关联词+简单句。
3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
（1）从属连词that.如：
He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。
注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。
1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。）
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。）
对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。）
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4.We decided，in view of his special circumstances，that we would admit him for a probationary period.（主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。）
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
（2）从属连词if/whether.如：
I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。
（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
连接副词 where，when，how，why.如：
Who or what he was，Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。
（1）介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略。如：
I don’t care（for）who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful（as to）how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。
解释：
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。
2.作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you’ve done？
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？
3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能确定我该做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。4.连词whether（…or not）或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。
5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：
I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares，does he？ 我想他不在意，是吗？
6.宾语从句的时态变化规律：
（1）当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。
（2）当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
4）同位语从句
1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact，news，idea，thought，question，reply，report，remark等，关联词多用从属连词that.如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。
连接代词who，which，what和连接副词where，when，why，how亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
解释：
1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
that引导的同位语从句
that引导的定语从句
句法功能上
that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。
that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。
意义上
从句是被修饰名词的内容。
从句起限定作用，是定语
如：The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.（同位语从句，that不可省。）
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news（that）he told me yesterday is true.（定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。）
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this（should）be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
（6）不定式的构成 1.不定式的构成
不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：
主动式 to do
被动式 to be done
完成式to have done /to have been done
进行式 to be doing
完成进行式 to have been doing
1）不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：
They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。
2）不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如：
She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已听说过这件事。
I meant to have told you about it，but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
3）不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如：
It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。
He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。
4）不定式的完成进行式
如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。如：
They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。
We are happy to have been helping each other these days.我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。
5）动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如：
Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。
He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。
6）疑问词+动词不定式：
不定式和疑问词whether，what，which，whom，where，when，how，why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell，know，show，decide，learn，wonder，explain，advise，teach，discuss，find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。如：
On hearing the news，he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。
When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。
介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。如：
Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道该怎么做。
第三篇：英语各种从句的区别
在句子里做主语，宾语，表语的分别是主语，宾语，表语从句。修饰名词的是定语从句，相当于形容词。修饰整个句子，动词，形容词的是状语从句。
在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
1，定语从句。
1）先行词是名词。
2）定语从句跟在名词后。是修饰名词的。
3）与中文顺序相反。
4）定语从句的组成是：连词+主+谓+宾。
5）连词在从句里可以作主语、宾语、状语等。
6）当先行词的名词表示人时，后面的连词用who+v/(whom)+s+v/whose+N+s+v.当先行词的名词表示物时，后面的连词用which/that ,whose.7）连词前可以有介词。
8）不许用what
1.All the people who work on a newspaper must be able to work fast.2.Corn is a useful plant which can be eaten by both people and animals.3.I have a friend whose cousin is a tennis player.4.The boy lived in a part of town where there were no schools.5.During the hurricane, one of the tree branches broke the bed in which the girl had been sleeping.II.名词从句。起名词作用。=名词
1.主语从句。
1）在主语位置上。
2）组成：连词+主语+谓语+宾语
3）连词不可省
4）不许用if
When we’ll go to school is still a question.2.宾语从句。
1）在宾语位置上。在动词后。
2）组成：（连词）+主语+谓语+宾语
3）连词可省
The doctor asked the patient what he had had for lunch.3.表语从句。
1）在表语位置上。在系/be动词后。
2）组成：连词+主语+谓语+宾语
3）连词不可省
4）不许用if
He lost his key.The reason is that he was too careless.4.同位语从句。
1）在名词后。说明名词的内容。2）组成：名词+[连词+主语+谓语+宾语] 3）连词不可省
4)只用that, when, where, why。不用which.5)只有一些词才用。请看Unit17.The news that our team won the game made us happy.III.状语从句。连词+主语+谓语+宾语
1.时间状语从句。
When I was away, my son looked after the dog.2.地点状语从句。
Put the book where it is.3.原因状语从句。
He was late, because he didn’t catch the bus.4.条件状语从句。
If it’s fine, we’ll go to the park.5.让步状语从句。
Although I’m tired, I’m very happy.6.目的状语从句。
We got up early so that we could get there on time.7.结果状语从句.I was so frightened that I couldn’t say a word.1、分析句子结构以区虽从句的种类 遇到一个复合句，首先要分析其句子结构，看从句在整个句子中起什么作用，那么它就是什么从句。
2、分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类 that这个词即是引导同位语从句，又可引导定语从句，这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似，如何区分呢？ 区分that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是，看that在从句中是否充当句子成分，若that在从句中不充当任何成分，则为同位语从句；若that在从句中充当主语或宾语，则为定语从句。
3、根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类 定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词，如：the film；the student；the book；a house等等。而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词，如fact、idea、promise、truth等，用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。状语从句在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词。
4、根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类 宾语从句分两种：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句。宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词。定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的，所以其前一定是一个名词或代词。
5、根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类 如so that即可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，如何区分呢？主要从以下两点来区分。①根据上下文意义判断。“以便„„”表示目的，是目的状语从句，“以致于„„”，“结果„„”表示结果，是结果状语从句。②从结构形式上来分辨。so that前有逗号，为结果状语从句，反之，则为目的状语从句。有时，so that前无逗号，这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词，如果有，则多是目的状语从句，若没有，则多是结果状语从句。
第四篇：初中定语从句
定语从句
一.定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：
Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？ Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.三.关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.四.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1.只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1)先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：
All that he said is true.(2)先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：
He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.一.单项填空
1.---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
---Oh!It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where 3.The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 5.He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 6.Mr.White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which 7.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where 8.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A.that B.which C.when D.where
第五篇：初中定语从句
定语从句
定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如 I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。↓ ↘引导词 ↓
先行词 从句(定语从句)This is the most interesting book that he has ever read.这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。↓ ↘引导词 ↓
先行词 从句(定语从句)考点1：先行词是人时引导词的选用
(1).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that.如：
Here comes the man who(that)wants to see you.想见你的那个人来了。(先行词是the man, 引导词后紧跟动词wants, 故引导词用who / that)(2).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who, whom, that.如： This is the person whom(who, that)you are looking for.这正是你要找的人。
(先行词是the person, 引导词后紧跟的是you, 不是动词, 故引导词可用who / whom / that)考点2：先行词是物时引导词的选用
(1).先行词是物时，一般情况下引导词可以用which或that.如：
Mary like music that(which)is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。(先行词是music, 引导词可用which / that)The film which(that)we saw last night was very interesting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。(先行词是film, 引导词可用which / that)。
Have you written down everything that Mr.Lin has said? 你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗？ All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己经做了。There is little that I can do for you.我能为你做的事几乎没有了。
②.当先行词由以下词修饰时，引导词只用that.这些词有：only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some, no, little, few等。如：
That is the very dress that I want to buy.那正是我要买的裙子。English is the only subject that I like.英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一事。
③.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，引导词只用that.This is the fifth school that I have taught so far.这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。Mr.Li’s class is the most interesting one that I have ever had.李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。
④.当先行词有人又有物时，只能用that。如：
Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 拓展知识 考点3：先行词是时间，地点，原因时引导词的选用
(1).先行词是时间, 地点，原因并在从句中作状语时, 引导词分别用when, where, why, 也可以用介词+which结构。如：
I wanted to know the day when he was born.=I wanted to know the day on which he was born.我想知道他出生在哪一天。
He still loved the school where we studied together two years ago.=He still loved the school in which we studied together two years ago.他仍然爱那所我们两年前一起读书的学校。
Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他迟到的原因吗？(2).先行词是时间, 地点并在从句中作主语或宾语时, 引导词用which或者that。如： I remember the days which(that)we spent on the farm.我记得我们在农场渡过的日子。Lu Ming studies in the school which(that)was built 1 years ago.卢明在一所1年前建好的学校里读书。
考点4：引导词前有介词时，先行词是人,引导词只能用whom, 先行词是事物时，引导词只用which。如：
This is the friend to whom I talk a lot.这是跟我谈话很多的朋友。
Jacky stayed in the room in which Lu Xun once lived.杰克呆在那个鲁迅曾经住过的房间。
考点5：先行词是代词时，先判断其指代人还是指代物，再决定用哪个引导词。如： I don’t like those who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多做得少的人。The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there.这睡着的老虎们比那些被训练的大。宾 语 从 句
宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如：
Rose said she would visit us sometime next week.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。↓ ↓
主句 从句(宾语从句)Could you tell me where he is from? 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？ ↓ ↓ 主句 从句(宾语从句)考点1：引导词的选用(1).陈述句的引导词用that，常可省略。
I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou.He said.→He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。
(2).一般疑问句的引导词用if/ whether(是否)。（后有or 时只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me.→He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him.他问我是否会和他去打篮球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know.→I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。
(3).特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。How old are you? They want to know.→They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me.→He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。考点2：语序(宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1助动词在主语之后）He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come”? 疑问语序(第1助动词don’t 在主语you之前)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。特殊：①.What’s wrong with „在宾语从句中不变语序。如： I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。②.引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。
(who 是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。)考点3：时态（主句从句在时态上要一致）
(1).主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
“John speaks highly of you.‖ Tom tells me.→Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me.汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells, 是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。
(2).主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。“When shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked.→The boy asked when they should have the meeting.男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。(主句用asked，是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shall→should)(3).从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。“The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students.→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。
(主句用told, 为一般过去时，但从句中the earth goes around the sun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时，不用变)Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound.考点4：宾语从句答题技巧(逐步排除法)先用语序判断，再用时态求证，如有需要再用引导词及意思去决定)如：
()–Everyone wanted to know _______________ yesterday.Could you tell us, Ann? – By bus, of course.It was too far away.A.how old are you B.where you will go C.how you went there D.why you were late 先从语序判断，把A给排除了，再用时态去求证，主句用wanted，是一般过去时，从句该用过去的某种时态，从这一点考虑，把B给排除了，用引导词及意思判断，她的答语是By bus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（宾语从句）20.－Excuse me, can you tell me _____? －At about 8 o’clock.（2015安顺）A.what time the plane arrive in Beijing B.what time the plane will arrive Beijing C.what time the plane will reach Beijing D.what time will the plane get to Beijing 参考答案：C 10.－Could you tell me _____ the Dragon Boat Festival in China? －Sure.People usually watch the dragon boat races and eat zongzi.（2015长沙）A.when do people celebrate B.why people celebrate C.how people celebrate 参考答案：C 5.－Do you know _____? －Yes.It’s on your table.（2015三亚）A.where my dictionary is B.where is my dictionary C.when I bought my dictionary 参考答案：A 17.－Do you know _____? －For a month.（2015天津）A.how long will she be away B.how long she will be away C.how often will she go there D.how often she will go there 参考答案：B 10.－I wonder _____.－Yes, of course.（2015德州）A.where we can buy the parts B.how often you hear form your sister C.if I may have a word with you D.why he arrived late yesterday 参考答案：C 15.一Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me _____? —It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.（2015福州）
A.what the Belt and Road meant B.what does the Belt and Road mean C.what the Belt and Road means 参考答案：C 10.Could you tell me _____ a moment ago?（2015广州）A.what were they talking about B.what are they talking about C.what they were talking about D.what they are talking about 参考答案：C 11.－Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday? －Sorry, I don’t know if he _____.But I know he _____ interest in sports.（2015克拉玛依）A.will go;is B.goes;is C.goes;has no D.will go;has no 参考答案：D 10.－Do you know _____? －Sorry, I don’t know.（2015娄底）A.how old is he B.how old he is C.how old does he 参考答案：B 9.－Could you please tell me _____? －About twenty minutes ago.（2015呼和浩特）A.when did you see this kid B.where did you see this kid C.when you saw this kid D.where you saw this kid 参考答案：C 5.This morning my mother asked me _____.（2015克拉玛依）A.why he is not here B.where Julia went last weekend C.what time is it D.how did my brother do it 参考答案：B 8.－Did you have a good time in Jining? －Come and have a look.My photos will show you _____.（2015济宁）A.how was the trip B.why did we go there C.how we went there D.what the trip was like 参考答案：D 12.－Excuse me, could you tell me _____? －In five minutes.（2015苏州）A.how soon will the film begin B.how soon the film will begin C.how long the film has been on D.how long has the film been on 参考答案：B 9.－Ms.Perry, can you tell me _____? －Africa.（2015温州）
A.what the baby giraffe likes eating B.why the baby giraffe looks unhappy C.when the baby giraffe was born D.where the baby giraffe came from 参考答案：D 16.－Mr.Wang, can you tell me _____? －http://www.xiexiebang.com will help you.（2015武威）A.what I can do to help you B.where can I get my score for this examination C.why I need some help D.where I can search for the information about education in our province 参考答案：D 15.－Can you tell me _____? －Sure.He lives on Center Street.（2015襄阳）A.where does he live B.where he lives C.why he lives there D.what does he do 参考答案：B 15.I don’t know _____.（2015益阳）A.where she comes from B.how old is she C.when was she born 参考答案：A 19.－I’d like to know _____.－Maybe in the forest.（2015重庆A/C卷）A.whether we will go camping B.where we will go camping C.whether will we go camping D.where will we go camping 参考答案：B 20.－Your book is very interesting.Could you tell me _____? －In Xinhua Bookstore next to our school.（2015重庆B卷）A.where did you buy it B.why did you buy it C.where you bought it D.why you bought it 参考答案：C 2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（定语从句）
8.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice.（2015呼和浩特）A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was 参考答案：D 3.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother.（2015杭州）A.which B.who C.whom D.what 参考答案：B 5.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.（2015广州）A.that B.those C.who D.what 参考答案：A 14.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.—Yes.It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.（2015福州）A.that B.which C.who 参考答案：A 6.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.（2015德州）A.why B.whose C.who D.which 参考答案：C 19.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy.（2015安顺）A.that B.where C.who D.when 参考答案：A 12.－Why are you so worried? －I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday.（2015泰安）A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 参考答案：D 15.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything.（2015克拉玛依）A.whose B.who C.when D.which 参考答案：B 3.A friend is someone _____ says, ―What!You too? I thought I was the only one!‖（2015武威）A.who B.which C.what D.whose 参考答案：A 14.This is the book _____ tells many English stories.（2015自贡）A.what B.which C.who 参考答案：B 定语从句+宾语从句练习
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.He asked ________ for the violin.A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 10Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see __________.A.who he is B.who is he C.who is it D.who it is 11.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 12.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 13.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _________ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.where D.what 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do _________ I can to save them, A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 15.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A.which B.that C.whom D.what 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 17.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _________ will happen to her private life.A.that B.what C.it D.this 18.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.She never doubts __________ I can do such a foolish thing.If B.that C.when D.whether 21.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when 22.They believe that land did not belong to people but _________ people belong to land.A.that B.when C.where D.how 23.I am doubtful _________ he is still alive.A.that B.whether C.what D.when 24.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 25.You can’t imagine _____________.A.what did we have awful weather B.what weather awful we have C.what awful weather we did have D.what awful weather had we 26.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what 27.---What did the teacher say to you just now?---She asked me __________.A.whether or not I finished my homework B.did I finish my work or not C.is my work finished or not D.if or not I have finish my work 28.No one could understand __________.A.that he was talking about B.what he was talking about C.he was talking about D.which he was talking 29.Who doubts __________ it is true? A.that B.if C.which D.what 30.From __________ I know of him I should say that he is reliable.A.what C.that C.how D.that which 31.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that 32.She want to know _________ child it was on the grass.A.who B.that C.what D.whose 33.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are 34.Do you want to try on these shoes to see ________ they’re the right size? A.as B.so C.that D.if 35.There is a nice-looking car there.Peter wonders _________.A.it belongs to who B.whom does it belong to C.whom it belongs to D.who does it belong 36.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it 37.The young couple was worried because neither of them was aware ________ they had lost the necklace.A.the place B.where C.which D.that 38.Could you please tell me __________? A.that the nearest post-office is located B.where is the nearest post office located C.where the nearest post office is located D.that is the nearest post office located 39.How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _________ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why 40.Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds.A.what B.when C.why D.where 41.Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.A.how did Alice end the Red Queen's reign of terror（恐怖统治）B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror C.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror D.what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror 42.I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at 43.-What time will Mr.Brown be back to China?-Sorry.I don’t know ________.A.when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroad C.how soon will he be back D.how long he will stay abroad 44.The teacher asked the students __________.A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted
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