第一篇：目的论视角下的公司简介汉英翻译
英语专业全英原创毕业论文，公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作
中西酒文化比较 通过苔丝透析托马斯•哈代的现代女性意识 英语构词法对词汇习得的影响 浅析英语广播新闻的语言特色 论大学英语口语课外活动 英汉广告中的双关语及其英汉互译 文化语境视域下英语习语的汉译研究 DOTA游戏英雄名称汉译策略 外交辞令中模糊语言的语用分析 从许渊冲的“三美”原则论李白诗歌的翻译 论模糊限制语在广告中的语用功能 从顺应论角度看劳伦斯小说中关于心理动机的语码转换 论英语新闻翻译中的文化干扰及相应对策 论《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》中冲突和不确定性的体现 从英式桌球斯诺克看英国的绅士文化及其对中国的影响 浅析中西方饮食文化差异—比较“春节”和“圣诞节” 苔丝悲剧中乌托邦情结的探析 《呼啸山庄》中嵌套式叙述的美学功能 “工业小说”《玛丽•巴顿》的宗教解析 The Essence of Democracy and Freedom: An Interpretation of the Animal Farm 《榆树下的欲望》卡博特的悲剧分析 On Mother-daughter Relationship in The Thorn Birds 《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧的分析 从跨文化角度浅析化妆品商标翻译 任务型教学法在小学英语课堂的应用研究 中英评论性文章的写作风格的对比分析 关于中国文化教学的文献综述 解读奥斯丁小说《诺桑觉寺》对哥特传统的模仿与颠覆 论中西方建筑风格的文化差异 红字中的象征意义 《飘》中斯嘉丽的主要性格特征浅析 中英文隐喻对比研究 英语课堂提问的策略研究 论《重返巴比伦》中女性的身份的自我建构 中美家庭教育文化对比及其根源分析 圣经的女性意识 从文化的角度审视中西习语的来源 从《阿甘正传》中看美国梦 语义翻译与交际翻译在英语专业八级翻译考试中的应用 小说《黑猫》中双重人格 浅析《儿子与情人》中的恋母情结 Study on the Basic Principles of Legal English Translation
分析《简爱》和《名利场》中的女性主义 哈克贝里·费恩与汤姆·索亚性格的对比分析 英汉模糊语言对比研究及其翻译 中国旅游指南的中译英研究（开题报告+论）从文化价值观对比研究中美企业管理模式的差异 功能对等视角下记者招待会古诗词翻译策略研究 从认知文体学角度分析《一桶白葡萄酒》 论《卡斯特桥市长》的现实意义 An Analysis of Gothic Features in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights 法国大革命对《西风颂》创作的影响 解读西方传统童话中两位典型女性形象 从《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》看维多利亚时期的新女性主义观 《红楼梦》两个译本中称呼语翻译的对比研究 马克吐温小说的语言特征 解析哈代《远离尘嚣》中的悲剧因素 《老人与海》中的象征主义 通过电视广告看中美思维模式差异 论英语自然地理术语的汉译 Cultural Difference between Chinese and English on Politeness 概念整合对英语移就的认知解读 理想之梦的破灭——探析《了不起的盖茨比》与美国梦 《丧钟为谁而鸣》的生态女性主义解读 农村初中英语口语教学现状的调查与分析——以xx中学为例 广告英语的语言特色 On Social Function of English Euphemism Expression 功能对等理论在汉英广告翻译中的应用 电影《当幸福来敲门》中蕴涵的美国文化解读 《绝望主妇》人物语言个性化翻译浅析 从爱默生的《论自然》看超验主义 外贸英文函电中委婉语的特点及应用研究 The Application of TBLT to Reading-teaching in Junior Middle School 中美大学生课堂讨论话语性别差异对比 《红字》中替罪羊形象的分析 从言语行为理论研究广告英语中的隐喻 On Analysis of Jonathan Swift’s Satiric Arts in Gulliver’s Travels 从《喜福会》母女代沟看中西文化冲突 命运与性格－－浅论《哈姆雷特》的悲剧因素 西方饮食文化给中国餐饮业经营者带来的若干启示 英语谚语重复修辞格的翻译 英文姓名的起源和文化内涵 中国奢侈品的营销之道 中美服饰的文化差异分析 英语谚语的民族性及其艺术特色 中英爱情隐喻的对比研究
索尔•贝娄《挂起来的人》的存在主义解读
中西方饮食文化对比
佛罗多与亚拉冈：悲剧虚构型模式中的低模仿英雄与喜剧虚构型模式中的高模仿英雄 90 从功能派翻译理论中目的论的角度谈广告翻译
英汉委婉语中体现的文化异同
On the Contradiction and Conflict between Religion and Love in The Thorn Birds
老纽约下的女性悲剧——对《纯真年代》中两位女性的分析
《雾都孤儿》中所体现的人文关怀
英汉动物词汇文化内涵对比
《西风颂》 两个汉译版本的文体分析
接受美学指导下的电影字幕翻译——以《冰河世纪II》为例
《老人与海》中的象征主义
对英语影视片名翻译的研究
企业资料的翻译原则
接受美学视角下的英汉音译研究
论英汉翻译过程
浅析中西方文化差异对广告翻译的影响
On Application of Skopostheory in Translation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream
论《围城》中的语码转换
《野性的呼唤》的社会达尔文主义
情态人际意义的跨文化研究
论“冰山原则”在《白象似的群山》中的应用
国际商务谈判中有效的非语言技巧
An analysis of Female Images in The House on Mango Street from the Perspective of Feminism
中英谚语体现的东西方价值观的差异
小说《飘》中斯嘉丽的人物性格分析
论翻译单位
电影《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》中女主人公性格浅析
从原型批评的角度透视《野草在歌唱》的人物及意象
谈电影片名汉译的不忠
A Comparison of Chinese and American Food Cultures
浅析《觉醒》中艾德娜自杀的必然性
从童话看中西方儿童教育的差异
《呼啸山庄》和《暮色》系列的对比研究：《呼啸山庄》再次热销引发的思考 121 论《简爱》对《灰姑娘》的继承与颠覆
Analysis of the Subtitle of White Collar under Skopostheorie
A Contrastive Study on the Religious Constituents of Chinese and Western Christians 124 从伊登和盖茨比之死探析美国梦破灭的必然性
商务英语信函中名词化结构的翻译
李清照词英译研究
中西文化差异对跨文化商务谈判的影响
论《荆棘鸟》中德罗海达的寓意及其对命运的影响
Risk Comparing of Documentary Collection and Letters of Credit
Yellow Peril–the Image of Fu Manchu in the West
言语行为理论在戏剧《芭芭拉少校》对白分析中的应用
托尼•莫里森《秀拉》中的女性主义
Diversification in Translation
《荆棘鸟》之宗教观
浅析英语谚语的文化内涵及其汉译
从电视剧《绝望主妇》看委婉语的交际功能
从心理学角度看哈克贝利.费恩的性格
试比较中美中学历史教育中历史思维的培养
从《生活的艺术》看林语堂的人生艺术
浅析奥斯卡王尔德童话作品中的唯美主义思想
电影字幕汉译的归化与异化
从礼貌原则看《威尔与格蕾丝》的对话
道德与归属地的一致性－－《曼斯菲尔德庄园》空间维度分析
从《男孩们女孩们》看身份问题对艾丽斯•门罗文学创作的影响
自然会话中会话结构的分析
应酬语的中英文比较
英汉致使事件词汇化模式对比研究
浅谈涉外英语合同的特征及翻译技巧
高中英语听力课中的文化教学
文化负载词的翻译策略
151 Listening in Interpretation
152 国际时政专有名词的翻译与解读
153 中华民族主义的新表现：“中国威胁论”——构建民族认同的一种手段
154 Analysis of Gone with the wind from the Perspective of Feminism
155 跨文化视角中中英颜色词的对比及翻译
156 论“迷惘的一代”－－以海明威为个案
157 从叙事结构分析电影《撞车》中对种族歧视问题的诠释
158 EFL Learning Strategies on Web-based Autonomous Learning
159 从文化角度论英汉语中的性别歧视
160 浴火凤凰——美国黑人作家眼中的黑人生活
161 南北战争新思想在女性中的体现——浅析《小妇人》
162 商务信函中委婉语的使用策略
163 An Analysis of Syntactical Features and Rhetoric in English Speech
164 《推销员之死》中主角威利的性格分析
165 管窥世纪年代以前的朴素社会语言学思想
166 浅谈交际教学法在中学课堂中的问题与对策
167 网络英语资源对英语学习的影响
168 体态语在中美交际中的差异及原因
169 理想自我的追求——爱伦•坡与《莫格街血案》
170 论《红字》中的清教主义思想
171 伍尔夫《一间自己的房间》的女性主义解读
172 《我的安东妮娅》中的文化冲突研究
173 从关联理论看鲁迅作品《孔乙己》中的反讽
174 逆向思维在外语学习中的应用
175 《小妇人》的女性意识解读
176 意象图式研究
177 The Narrative Strategy of Wuthering Heights
178 浅析《蝇王》的人物及其象征意义
179 A Symbolic Analysis of Paradise Lost
180 英汉文化中颜色词语象征意义的对比研究
181 论英语称谓语中的性别歧视
182 英汉爱情隐喻对比研究
183 Application of Foregrounding Theory to Translation of Simile and Metaphor
184 简析《卡斯特桥市长》中亨查德的悲剧命运
185 初中生英语自主学习现状调查与分析
186 傲慢与偏见中的婚姻观
187 论风格的可译性
188 论《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的自我矛盾及其成因
189 中美体育报道的比较
190 A Contrastive Study of the Associative Meanings of Plant words in English and Chinese 191 文化差异对英汉翻译的影响
192 从中英文化差异谈英语隐喻的汉译
193 从电影片名翻译窥探中美文化差异
194 探讨英语翻译教学中的问题及改进
195 浅议商标品牌的翻译
196 《嘉莉妹妹》和《名利场》中的女性的性格及命运对比分析
197 从《简爱》看夏洛蒂•勃朗特的女性意识
198 《紫色》中西丽的妇女主义研究
199 目的论视角下的公司简介汉英翻译
200 约翰•斯坦贝克女性观流变初探
第二篇：汉英翻译视角转换
《汉英翻译》补充材料
补充材料：英汉、汉英翻译技巧：视角转换(Shift of Perspective)E-C.1.The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.（语态的转换）
2.Her parents are both in their seventies.（表达方式的转换）
3.If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.（条件状语转换成结果状语）
4.You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures.You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.（定语从句转换成原因状语从句）
5.“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.（介词转换成动词）
6.Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.（名词转换成动词）
7.I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.（词序调整）
8.Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.（词序调整）
9.It is a good workman that never blunders.（反说正译）10.Keep off the lawn!11.That fellow is far from being honest.12.Obviously enough, she thinks otherwise.（正说反译）I was like that ship before education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was.1
《汉英翻译》补充材料
汉译：我在开始受教育之前，就像这样一条船，只是没有罗盘，没有测深绳，也无法知道离海港有多远。
C-E: 视角转换，在汉英翻译中主要表现有两种类型： 1． 从与汉语不同的角度传达同样的信息
（1）生活中常用的“看”、“听”、“说”的翻译。看钟/表
我能看出他的心事。
这东西还看得过去的话，你就买吧。
从他的话音里，我能听出点东西来。
他姓什么，我一时说不上来。说来话长。
这可真说不过去。还是把事情说开了好。
（2）在成语的翻译中，不同视角的转换体现在形象的替代上。牛饮
瓮中之鳖 胆小如鼠 自言自语 开夜车 东张西望 天长地久 鱼米之乡 意在言外
（3）有些情况下进行虚实互换。他们闹着要吃小马的喜酒
精神食粮
假眼（转虚为实）
Fake adj(only before noun): made to look like a real material or object in order to deceive people Fake fur A fake ID card A fake 20-dollar bill A fake name Speak with a fake German accent A fake smile of friendliness
她往日得了病，茶水也不咽一口。（转实为虚）
（4）习惯说法不一样
《汉英翻译》补充材料
收音耳机
你怎么戴这么深度的眼镜？
“要搞特殊化？没门！”
2． 与汉语相反的角度传达同样的信息 “安全门” 唯你是问 自学 肤浅 九五折 油漆未干 听电话 红眼 座钟
墙上一个洞
我心里一个沉重的担子放下来了。
哪儿脚痛穿鞋人最清楚。
No one knows where the shoe pinches like the wearer.留级 倒立 蛙泳 双杠 活字典 内部刊物 应用题 走读生 非处方药 门诊病人 餐具 保暖杯 汗衫 秒表 家谱
隐形眼镜 候机室 美人计
手扶拖拉机 画蛇添足
姐妹篇
成绩报告单
《汉英翻译》补充材料
不二价 传销
一次性筷子 一次性杯子 一次性包装 练习：
The following are wrong translations because of different focus in English and Chinese.1 他的身体看起来很健康 His body looks very healthy.2 那个铺子的东西价格便宜。
The price of goods in that shop is cheap.3 这栋楼质量不好。
The quality of this building is poor.4 这辆卡车速度很快。
The speed of this truck is quick.5 他们的工作取得了很大成绩。
Their work has achieved great achievement.6 我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。
Our cause has walked from victory to victory.汉英短语的翻译： 富足社会 a world of plenty/affluence 注意：“社会”不宜译成“society” 2 己所不欲，勿施于人
Don’t do unto others what you don’t want others to do unto you.3 你看花眼了
Be seeing things: to imagine things that is not really there.e.g.There is no one there—you must be seeing things.4 乡土观念 sense of place ??? 5 为副尚任 vice but virtuous 6 寻根文学 search-for-roots literature 7 举双手赞成 hands up for… 8 神来之笔 a stroke of brilliance 9 天下着大雨 The day was pouring down.注意：It was raining cats and dogs.已经变成了cliché, 不宜使用。10 吓傻了be frightened out of one’s wits.11 坐月子 within one’s month/in confinement e.g.the pros and cons of home versus hospital confinement 父母之命，媒妁之言：出处《孟子 滕文公下》 celestial marriage 13 社会车辆 non-public vehicles 14 家政 housewifery 15 公开讲座extension course/lecture 16 挂靠公司 front company
《汉英翻译》补充材料贵族学校 exclusive school 18 将计就计 deceive the deceiver 19 接待室，招待室 hospitality suite 20 就事论事的态度 dislinkage attitude 21 买路钱 street tax 22 视觉污染 visual disgrace 23 相亲 blind date 24 异性按摩 fashion massage 25 择优录取 contest mobility 26 老幼病残弱专座 priority seating Seating 为不可数名词 统称座位 27 征婚专栏 lonely hearts column
第三篇：汉英翻译
白菜
Chinese cabbage
密码
password 手机
mobile phone
救火
to fight a fire 早恋
puppy love
买一赠一
Buy one，get one free.青春痘
acne
长镜头
zoom lens 方便面
instant noodles
隐形眼镜
contact lens 绿豆
mung bean
卧室
bedroom 试穿
to try sth.on
食言
break a promise 番茄酱
ketchup
酸奶
yoghurt 戴绿帽子
to cuckold sb.黄色书籍
pornography book 高等学校
higher school
农民
farmer 宣传
popularize
物美价廉
economical and good 你红光满面
You look healthy and energetic.他是个气管炎
He is a hen-pecked man.假花
artificial flower
假唱
lip-synch 假钞
counterfeit money
假酒
adulterated wine 假新闻
pseudo-news
恶性循环
vicious circle 恶性肿瘤
malignant tumor
恶性通货膨胀
inflationary spiral
词组翻译
一窝蜜蜂
a swarm of bees
一窝小鸡
a brood of chickens 一窝幼犬
a litter of pups
一群美女
a bevy of beautiful ladies 一群猎狗 a pack of hounds 一群鸭
a team of ducks 一群羚羊
a herd of antelopes 积极支持
unfailing support 积极的财政政策
proactive fiscal policy 积极利用国外资源 make effective use of overseas resource 1.富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。
You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture.2.他们讲索求，我们讲贡献。
They preach taking from others，whereas we advocate giving to others.3.她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵。
What she seeks is truth，and what he hankers after is nothing but high position and great wealth.4.在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。
Throughout the process of reform and opening, we must combat corruption.5.阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground，spat，and swore，“Hairy worm！”
6.他抓住了小偷的衣服。
He seized the pickpocket by the collar.7.他走进屋里，大衣上尽是雪，鼻子冻得通红。
He entered the room，his coat covered with snow and his nose red with cold.8.金杯牌充气床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观，款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方便。
The “Golden Cup”Brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology.With novel structure,beautiful shape and various patterns,they are comfortable and convenient to carry.9.匪军所至，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄，掠夺财物，无所不用其极。Wherever they went,they massacred and raped,burned and looted,and stopped at nothing.10.他们意气风发。They are in high spirits.11.他们喜形于色。They beamed with joy.12.他们眼明手快。
He is of quick of eye and deft of hand.13.这篇文章浅显易懂。
This article is easy to read and understand.14.我对他敬而远之。I stood aloof from him.15.人群渐渐地安静了下来。The crowd came to silence.16.一座古塔阴森森地矗立在山腰上。
An ancient pagoda frowns on the mountainside.17.但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。But the depth of a novel,or the excellence of its artistry and idea,does not depend on whether it has a grand theme.18.他的粗鲁行为使我很震惊。His rudeness shocked me.19.远近/长短/大小/高矮 distance/length/size/height
20.本公司生产的地毯美丽大方,光彩夺目，富丽堂皇。
The carpets made in our company are beautiful and magnificent.21.目标的轻重缓急，孰轻孰重应该仔细研究，认真考虑和反复推敲。Target priorities should be very carefully studied.22.那件令人不快的事件，已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。There has been much publicity about the unpleasant case.23.他想远走高飞，免得心烦。He sought the distraction of distance.24.这只船容易颠覆，因为它造型不合理。
This boat is apt to overturnbecause it is unreasonably shaped.25.厨房又脏又乱。
The kitchen was in a mess.26.他不参加比赛，我感到很失望。
To my disappointment，he did not attend the competition.27.父亲不赞成地看着他。
Father looked at him in disapproval.28.他惊讶地望着我。
He looked at me in amazement.29.他起得很早，且一向如此。
He rose early，as he had always done.30.他与侵略者合作，出卖了自己的国家。
He collaborated with the invaders and betrayed his motherland.31.那个人醉心名利。
That chap is infatuated with fame and fortune.32.在加州发现黄金的消息轰动全国。
News of the discovery of gold in California excited the nation.33.政府支持这个项目。
The government is behind this project.34.1949年中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。1949 witnessed great changes in China.35.5月1日会议开幕了。
May day saw the opening of the meeting.36.我一时记不起他的名字。
His name escaped my memory for the moment.37.选择朋友，越谨慎越好。
One can never be too careful in the choice of one’s friends.38.今年的十月一号是个星期五。
The National Day of this year falls on a Friday.39.那里的工艺品品种齐全，价格公道，质量可靠。
The arts and crafts there are complete in range ,reasonable in price and reliable in quality.40.听到敲门声，我顿时睡意全消。
The knock on the door made me wide awake.41.生活的浮沉使他变得颓废。
The ups and downs of his life made him prop out.42.他又厚着脸皮要钱了吗？
Did he have the cheek to ask for more money？
43.听那个鬼故事时，我简直要吓死了。
I was scared to death when listening to that ghost story.44.他家里有好多张嘴要喂。
He has many mouths to feed in his family.45.这对年轻的夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。
This young couple is not well matched，one is a Xi Shi--a famous Chinese beauty，while the other is a Zhang Fei--a well-known ill-tempered brute.46.我很瞧不起他，他是个马屁精。
I look down upon him，for he is such an apple polisher.47.由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。
The isolation of the rural world，because of distance and lack of tansport facilities，is compounded by the paucity of the information media.48.当时，车辆横冲直撞，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.49.他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。He has a disgusting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.50.请允许我代表中国体操协会向参加这次邀请赛的朋友们表示热烈的欢迎。Please allow me，on behalf of the Chinese Gymnastics Association，to extend a warm welcome to all our friends who have come for the Tournament.51.全城披上节日盛装。
The whole city is in holiday array.52.小汽车盘旋着，穿过村庄，翻越峡谷，沿着一条因解冻而涨水的小溪行驶。The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley,following a thaw-swollen stream。
53.有些时装设计师为了赶时髦，舍弃了优雅别致的式样，而一味追求袒胸露体的奇装异服。
In line with the latest trends in fashion, a few designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.54.不过我们说到故事后头去了。But we are getting ahead of the story.55.请先走。/请走在前面。After you.56.我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点声音也没有。The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.57.我们可借助专门的仪器观察到电波在传播。
With the help of a special instrument we can observe the electric waves travelling along.58.国家不论大小贫富，都应一律平等。
All nations，large or small，rich or poor，should be equal.59.如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。
It would be appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon sent to us.60.他过马路时，左顾右盼，害怕撞到过路的车。
While crossing the street,he looked right and left ,for fear that he might run into some passing car.61.我访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。
There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.62.来宾请出示入场券。
Visitors are requested to show their tickets.63.约翰真的爱玛丽，而玛丽也爱约翰。
John actually loved Mary and was loved in return.64.人的思想形成语言，而语言有影响了人的思想。Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.65.干得很顺手，上汽车没到三分钟，一个钱包就到手了，鼓鼓囊囊的，看来钱不少。
An easy work.Hardly three minutes on the bus ,and he had laid hands on a purse, bulgy, apparently full of money.66.父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐，她的男朋友是什么样的人，父亲一看就知道。After all,father has much more worldly experience than her.So he will be able to tell, at a glance,what kind of man her boyfriend is.67.但他性情与人不同，不求名利，不交朋友，终日只是忙于自己的本职工作。He is , however, eccentric.He does not seek fame and gain,and does not like to make friends.Every day he is only engaged in his own job.68.一定要言行一致，理论与实践密切结合，反对华而不实和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。
Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely intergrated.We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting.There must be less empty talk and more hard work.We must be steadfast and dedicated.69.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out,it blows up everything with it.70.世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上说，都是因为经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下岗和失业，长期过紧日子。
Basically, the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure to boost their economy.Consequently,the lack food, clothing and shelter, and their wage increases are offset by inflation.With a decline in living standards, widespread layoffs and unemployment, people have to suffer chronic hardships.71.40年来，武汉杂技在继承了传统杂技的基础上，大胆吸收其他姊妹艺术之长，运用多种艺术手段，将布景，灯光，道具，美术融为一体，使杂技表演成为综合性的表演艺术。
For 40 years，based on traditional acrobatic techniques，Wuhan acrobatics has absorbed bravely the strong points of other sister arts and mixed together scenery，lighting，costume and fine art by all kinds of artistic methods so that the acrobatic performance becomes a comprehensive art of performance.72.他俩能在地里找口粗茶淡饭，完全是靠丈夫起早贪黑的耕作。
It was only by the busband’s incessant labor that they could draw a meager living from their land.73.听了这话，他笑了，双唇合成一条曲线，露出一副悔恨的样子。但两眼仍熠熠发光，脉脉含情。这种感情她不敢认同。
He smileed at that, with a rueful curve of his lips, but his eyes were alight with emotion she was afraid to identify.74.她身材矮小，容貌端庄，鼻子俏丽，头发光亮鉴人。
Although she was both short and slender，she had a dignified and elegant countenance，a fine nose and shinny hair.75.凭窗站了一会儿，微微地觉得凉意侵人。转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里的别的东西，都隐在光云里。
Standing at the window for a while, I felt a big chill.As I turned round,my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly.Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light.76.蜗阳苔干，名优特产，驰名中外，声震古今，翠绿，鲜嫩，清脆，可口，有“天然海蜇”之称；清乾隆年间奉献皇宫，故又名“贡菜”。
Taigan(a kind of dry stemmed vegetable)is a famous special local product of Woyang,Anhui Province.It is well-known all over the world.It can be regarded as “jellyfish on land”.It’s green, tender,crisp and pleasant to taste.It was once an article of tribute in the Qing Dynasty.
第四篇：生态翻译学视角下
1生态翻译学视角下《泊秦淮》的几种译本Functionalist Approach to the Chinese-English Translation of Public Signs 3从功能翻译理论的角度谈新闻英语的翻译
4从功能主义角度研究戏剧翻译A Functionalist Perspective on Drama Translation 5从目的论视角看菜单翻译—基于《中文菜单英文译法》的分析
On Translation of Chinese Menu from the Perspective of Skopostheorie
6功能对等理论下的电影剧本的英汉翻译
第五篇：汉英翻译技巧
汉英翻译技巧
第一节 汉语无主语句的英译处理
一、祈使句对应为祈使句
e.g.小心轻放。
Handle with care.量体裁衣，看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes.宁为鸡首，不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.二、采用英语的被动结构译出 采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况：一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句；二是有些句子突出宾语部分，在翻译时可以不用补出主语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。e.g.这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。More apartments will be built here.利用发电机，可以将机械能转变为电能。
The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator.在合同中，详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。
In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail.没有爱心，就无法了解人生。
Life cannot be understood without much charity.三、采用倒装语序 e.g.地下埋藏着大量的金银。
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver.随着一声吼叫，忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.山里住着个老和尚。
In the mountain lived on an old monk.四、采用 THERE BE 结构 例句：没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。
Without facility, there would be no difficulty;without difficulty, there would also be no facility.剩下的时间不多了。There is very little time left.萝卜白菜，各有所爱。
There is no accounting for taste.无水则无鱼。
Without water there would be no fish.楼下有人想和你说话。
There is a man downstairs who wants to speak to you.you are wanted downstairs.五、采用 IT 作主语译出
例句：要解决问题，还必须做系统、周密的调查工作和研究工作。
In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.与自然作斗争，倍感快乐。It is a great joy to battle against nature.活到老学到老。
It is never too old to learn.子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？
Confucius said, is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar?
六、增添适当的代词或名词充当主语 例句： 知彼知己，百战不殆。
If you know your enemy and yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without peril.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub.六、因文制宜，区别对待
例句：未经审批机关批准，合同中不得规定禁止接受方在合同期满后继续使用技术的条款。
Unless approval has been obtained from the examining and approving organ, a contract shall not include provisions prohibiting the recipient from continuing to use the technology after the expiry of the contract term.由于英语被接受为联合国的官方语言之一，这就使英语在国际外交场合使用得更为广泛了。
The use of English in international diplomacy is strengthened by its acceptance as one of the official languages of the U.N.说明白了一切，就再无奥妙可言了。It will leave nothing in obscurity;everything is seen.Exercises: 1.要适可而止，否则就要完蛋。
2.不远处传来了提琴的声音，调子哀enough, or we will die.Enough is 伤。Not far away from the sound of the fiddle, and that'll sorrow.3.在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，坐着一位将近30岁的男子。
4.他的书桌上放着带有细菌的小碟the left, near a door, sits a nearly 30 years old man.Most of the veranda at 子。His desk is put a little dish of bacteria
All in all, it was two 5.总之，是两点而不是一点。
6.花瓶里没有水了。and not a bit.The vase no water.7.要
很容易看得出来那作家是一位生手，刚从事写作。8.。
Very easy to see the writer is a beginning, just writing
9.不怕一万，就怕万一one thousand.Ten thousand not afraid, afraid of 10.还看不出来他能挑得起这副担子。Also see he can pick up the burden alone.11.去年
12.必须认真做好建厂前的准备工作。The factory must do the preparing work before.Should teach children to 13.应该教导儿童讲实话。
14.必须保证8小时的睡眠。
15.发现了错误，一定要改正。tell the truthhours of sleep.must correct.Must ensure that eight
Find a mistake，第二节、汉语“是”字句的英译处理
一、表示“等同”
例句：他最佩服的就是你。
Of all the people, you are the one he admires most.二、表示“类属” 例句：这台机器是进口的。
The machine was imported from abroad.他是来找你的。He is here to see you.三、表示“事物状态” 例句：要是旧社会，遇上这样大的水灾，早已是哀鸿遍野了。
If a flood of such magnitude had hit the land in the old days, the stricken area would have been a scene of desolation and despair.你现在是身不由己，只能听他的。You have to listen to him whether you like it or not.四、表示“存在” 例句：她满脸是泪，默不作声。She was soundless and her cheeks were bathed in tears.别看他长得胖，其实浑身是病。Despite his stout build, he suffers from all sorts of diseases.五、在两个类似结构中表示“区别”，转换为英语相对的对比结构。例句：他是他，我是我，我们谁也管不着谁。
We have our own wills, he and I, neither is the other’s master.昨天是昨天，今天是今天，情况是不断变化的。
Events are moving very fast;what was true yesterday may not be so today.这个人言行不一，说是说，做是做。This man’s deeds do not match his words;he never practices what he preaches.敌是敌，友是友，必须分清界限。A friend is a friend, a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.六、表示“让步”，用适当的副词或者让步句型来体现。例句：书是好书，可惜贵了点。It is true that this is a good book, but it’s a bit too expensive.他的本意是好的，只是措辞不当。He meant well, but he didn’t put across his ideas properly.你就是有天大的本事，恐怕也施展不开。
However capable you are, you probably can do nothing in this circumstance.这房子老是老，但离商店近，采购方便。
Indeed, the house is old, but as it is close to the stores, it is convenient for shopping.六、表示“强调”，一般转换为强调句式 例句：是谁教你这样做的？ Who told you to do so? 是这位解放军战士救了你。
It was this PLA man who saved you.我写的信是给她的，不是你。
It was to her that I wrote a letter, not to you.七、表示“凡是”，由英语习惯句型决定。
例句：是人都会犯错误。
Every man is liable to error./ No one is free from error.是孩子他都喜欢。He loves all children.正如一句话所说，是亲三分像。As an old saying goes, blood is thicker than water.是重活他都抢着干。Whenever there is a tough job, he is always the first to do it.八、表示“恰当” 例句：屋里的家具放得都不是地方。The furniture in the room is arranged exactly where it should not be.你来得正是时候。
You have come just in the nick of time./ You can’t have come at a better come.她穿的裙子很是漂亮。
The dress looks very beautiful on her.九、表示“选择”或“疑问” 例句：你是看电视还是听音乐？ 他不是出国了么？
十、表示“确认”，有强调的意思，一般通过助动词、副词或短语来体现。
例句：她爸爸是不同意她和汤姆来往的。
Her father does disapprove of her having anything to do with TOM.这件事他是不知道。
He certainly doesn’t know this.这孩子是可爱。
The child is lovely indeed.我不是不懂，只是不想说。
It is not that I didn’t understand, but that I didn’t want to say anything.十一、表示“特征”，一般直译。例句：马克思主义的基本原理是普遍适用的。
The fundamental tenets of Marxism are universally applicable.本领高强的人，往往是谦虚好学的。Men of capability are often modest and show a desire to learn.作战时他总是身先士卒，故能所向披靡。
He was always at the head of his men in battle, and so his army was invincible.练习题
1、我们是坐船去武汉的。
2、玩弄她的感情是卑鄙的。
3、这个故事好是好，就是长了点。
4、这场火灾是他们不小心而引起的。
5、满屋都是烟，连他衣服上都是烟味。
6、他开办这家工厂完全是白手起7、8、9、10、11、12、家的。
这本书我是有的，可是我一下找不到。
这原来是破旧、窄小的一条旧街。
这人真讨厌，总是死皮赖脸的缠着人家。
既然要搞掉他，罗织罪名还不是易如反掌。
今天开这个会啊，是想听听各方面的意见。
不管怎么样，我是决意要完成这项任务的。
Keys: 1.We went to wuhan by chartered boat.2.It was mean of him to play with her/affections.3.It is a good story all right, but a bit too long.4.The fire resulted from their carelessness.5.Smoke filled the room;even his clothes smelled of smoke.6.He built up his factory literally from nothing.7.I have the book somewhere but I cannot lay my hands on it now.8.This place was originally a narrow, shabby street.9.The man is quite a nuisance;he keeps pestering/bothering others/me shamelessly.10.Now that they have decided to get rid of him, charges can easily be framed.11.Look！We are holding this meeting today to make sure that different opinions are put forward freely.12.I mean to accomplish the task, come what may happen.汉语习语的英译处理
习语是人们在语言发展过程中，经过长期的社会实践提炼出来的短语或者短句，是语言的精华。从广义上讲，汉语习语包括成语、谚语、俗语、歇后语等。具体特点表现在：
1、习语本身是修辞手段的集中体现，如谐音等来增加美感，如“嘴上没毛，办事不牢”，“吃得苦，耐得烦；不怕死，霸得蛮”；英语中的“by hook or by crook”, as red as a rose。
2、习语是语言中独立、不规则而固定的因素。如“露出马脚”不能说成“露出猪脚”，“雪中送炭”不能说成“雪中送煤”。基于上述特点，翻译过程中必须注意：
1、尽量保存原文的民族特色和风格，在可能的情况下以直译为主。
2、不能把习语当做普通语句处理，注意修辞美感。
一、汉语习语英译的常用方法
1、英语同义句借用法
A: 借用意义和形象相同或相似的 B: 借用意义相同但形象不同的 例如： A:
随大流，以牙还牙 隔墙有耳 一文不名绞尽脑汁 针锋相对 时时刻刻 千钧一发 浑水摸鱼 swim with the tide a tooth for a tooth walls have ears
without a penny to one’s
name
to rack one’s brain give tit for tat every now and then hung by a thread to fish in troubled water
如坐针毡 a bed of thorns 谋事在人，成事在天
Man proposes, God disposes 星星之火可以燎原
Little chips light great fire.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 Once bit, twice shy.空中楼阁、君子协定、事实胜于雄辩、有其父必有其子、B:
半斤八两 six of one and half a dozen of the other 无足轻重
of no account 锦囊妙计
ace in the hole/sleeve 非公莫入
no admittance 徒劳无益
hold a candle to the sun 茫然若失
be all adrift 水中捞月
fish in the air 乳臭未干
the smell of the baby 寿终正寝
die in the bed 一丘之貉
birds of a feather(flock together)
2、直译法
蓬头垢面 with disheveled hair and dirty face
求同存异 see common ground while reserving differences 扑朔迷离
complicated and confusing
朴实无华
simple and unadorned 能者多劳
the abler a man, the busier he gets.自力更生 regeneration through one’s own efforts 顺水推舟 push the boat with current 欺软怕硬 bully the weak and fear the strong 半途而废 give up halfway 口蜜腹剑 with honey on one’s lips and murder in one’s heart.有钱能使鬼推磨
If you have money you can even make the devil turn your mill(serve for you).十年树木百年树人
It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear/cultivate people.路遥知马力，日久见人心。
A long road tests a horse’s strength, while a long time proves one’s heart.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福
Storms gather without warning in nature, while bad luck befalls men overnight.3、意译法
畏首畏尾 over-cautious
不到黄河不死心
Not stop until one reaches one’s goal 独木不成林
One person cannot accomplish much.4、节译法 汉语习语中有些是对偶词组，往往前后两对含义相同
无影无踪 vanish without a trace 长吁短叹 千真万确 一朝一夕 根深蒂固 不屈不挠 自给自足 经久耐用 同心同德 清规戒律 油头粉面 惊心动魄
sigh deeply be quite true overnight deep-rooted unswerving self-sufficient durable with one mind taboos(regulations)high-painted soul-stirring
5、直译加注法
东施效颦 Dongshi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrow in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier—blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish.二、汉语习语中数词的英译
1、直译法
千金难买一笑
A thousand pieces of gold can hardly purchase a smile.一寸光阴一寸金
An inch of time is an inch of gold.一着不慎满盘皆输
One careless move loses the whole game.百花齐放，百家争鸣
Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.听君一席话，胜读十年书
One evening’s conversation with a gentleman is worth more than ten-year study.2、保留部分数字
杀一儆百 punish one as an example to others 三心二意 two-minded 两面三刀 double-faced and tricky 十拿九稳 ninety percent sure
3、省略法（当数字是虚指时）昙花一现 be a flash in the pan 一干二净 neat and tidy;不三不四 dubious；inappropriate 百无聊赖 to be overcome with boredom 白问不厌 to serve patiently and tirelessly 三言两语 a few words 五谷丰登、五光十色、五湖四海、十万火急、才高八斗、千秋万代（throughout the ages）
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