如何应用虚拟语气

第一篇：如何应用虚拟语气

如何应用虚拟语气

朱可宝

我们在日常生活中经常会听到这样一些话，“要是我有足够的资金，我会买一辆属于自己的轿车。”“要是再仔细一点，我就会考满分。”“我要是你的话，我就会接受她的邀请.”其实，诸如此类的句子就是我们英语学习中的一个重要的知识点——虚拟语气。我们自觉不自觉地运用了虚拟语气来我们的情感。

在新课标教材中虚拟语气是一个很重要的语言知识点，在高考中也是必考内容之一。高三学生要重视对虚拟语气的复习。我们复习这个语言点时重点要复习习惯用法，特殊句型，以及和情态动词一起使用。我们先看非真实的条件句中的谓语动词。有三种情况，（一）与过去事实相反的假设，其固定结构是条件（假设）部分谓语动词用had done, 主句（结论）部分用would/should/could/might+ have done(主动)/have been done(被动).表示“要是过去（不）做了。。，就（不）会有。。发生或出现”这样一种心情。例如，If you had worked hard, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam.（要是你真的努力了，你就不会考试不及格了。）言外之意就是说平时不努力，不及格自然是很正常的，表示一种既惋惜又责备的心情。

（二）与现在事实相反的假设，其固定结构为条件(假设)部分的谓语动词用过去式，主句(结论)部分用would/should/could/might do（主动）/be done(被动).例如，If I were you, I would buy a new car rather than a second-hand one.(要是我是你的话，我就买一辆新车而不是二手车。)务必注意，虚拟语气中只用能用were, 不能用was.（三）与将来事实相反的假设，其固定结构是这样的，条件(假设)部分的谓语动词用过去式/were to do/should do, 主句（结论）用would/could/should/might do(主动)/be done(被动).例如，If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, we would put off the visit to the Great Wall.(要是明天下雨的话，我们就推迟去长城。)特别要提醒的是，(一)如果条件句中有were/ had/should时，可以采用省略if的句式，方法就是将were/should/had调到句首。例如，Had we left earlier, we would have arrived there on time.(If we had left earlier, we would have arrived there on time.)

（二）Without…/But for…/otherwise….相当于一个非真实条件句，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例如，Without your help, I wouldn’t have finished this work.(If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have finished this work.)I really had so much work to do yesterday, otherwise I would have gone shopping with you.(I really had so much work to do.If I hadn’t been so much work to do, I would have gone shopping with you.)虚拟语气在从句中的应用也较多。主要有以下几个方面：1，用在wish 的宾语从句中。表示不能或难于实现的愿望。例如，I wish I could fly to the moon one day.（但愿有一天我能够飞到月球上去。）2，用在suggest/order/command/demand等表示建议，要求，命令之后的从句中，用should do/should be done.Should可以省略，只保留do/be done例如，The teacher suggested that this plan(should)be discussed first.（老师建议这个计划要先讨论一下。）3, 用在as if/as though之后的从句中。例如，She danced as if she were a professional dancer.（她的舞跳得仿佛她就是一个职业舞蹈者。）4，用在it is(high)time之后的从句中。表示到了该做某个事情的时候了。例如，The big exam is coming, it is high time we should work harder.（大考临近了，我们该努力了。）5，用在would rather 之后的从句中。表示一种愿望。例如，I would rather she didn’t miss the flight.（但愿她没有错过航班。）6，用在if only 之后的从句中。例如，If only I had worked harder.（我要是学习再刻苦一点就好了。）

当然，虚拟语气的应用远不止以上这些。在实际生活中的运用很复杂。要想熟练自如地使用虚拟语气，我们必须在平时交流中尽可能多地运用虚拟语气来表达我们的羡慕，嫉妒，批评，责备和愿望。只有这样，我们才能熟谙虚拟语气。

第二篇：虚拟语气说课稿

我这节说课的题目是：高三英语虚拟语气复习课。

一、说教材：（教学内容分析）

虚拟语气是高中英语学习的重点以及难点内容，掌握虚拟语气与客观事实相反的三种情况，即与过去，现在和将来相反的三种情况下，从句和主句动词的合适使用。虚拟语气的内容多，学生容易混淆，处理难度大。因而课本也用了较多内容进行讲解。本节选择了虚拟语气的两种句式if条件从句与wish宾语从句进行讲解。

虚拟语气，在高考中这几年出现的越来越频繁，几乎成了逢考必出的语法点。而学生的书面表达，若能用虚拟语气造一两个句子，显然能够提高写作的档次，所以，这个语法知识的练习总结也就显得很有必要了。

二、说学生:（学情分析)就学生而言，基础参差不齐。虚拟语气在平时的考试训练中一直都是他们感觉比较头疼的一个问题。大多学生基础薄弱，所以对于该语法知识的点我从最基础的着手，涉猎的点大都是常考点。

三、教学目标：

1.了解并掌握虚拟语气中与客观事实相反的基本用法，学会解决高考中的试题，能够将虚拟语气运用到生活当中。2.通过语法练习和语言实践练习，让学生构建一个完整的语法知识体系以便能够灵活所学到的知识，做到举一反三。

本节课的目的是想通过对虚拟语气专项的训练和总结，让学生能够真正掌握虚拟语气，以达到熟练做题，并在写作中运用的目的。

四、教学重点：

了解和掌握虚拟语气语法项目和基本原则。

重点句式：

（1）if 引导的条件从句的虚拟语气；

（2）wish/as if /if only 后面宾语从句的虚拟用法；

五、教学难点：

能运用虚拟语气去完成试题练习并能运用到情景对话当中

六、说教学模式： 教法采用的是任务型教学法。结合学生的自主学习，合作探究，利用1T4P教学模式，把各个任务由易到难分解到4个环节中 在各项任务的设计方面尽可能的简化，但是也有个别难点需要满足部分优秀学生的需要。

七、说教学设计： Step 1: Presentation 在Preparation环节，我通过展示几幅图片来引出几个使用虚拟语气的情景：我要是拥有很多线，我会买一栋别墅。他要是开车小心点，昨天就不会出车祸了。我要是明天能见到姚明，我要向他索要签名。图图希望每天都是他的生日。和现在相反的虚拟，和过去相反的虚拟，和将来相反的虚拟，以及在宾语从句中的虚拟一一点出，让学生去感知虚拟语气的概念，了解虚拟语气的使用。

Step 2: Presentation 在这个环节设计了五个任务：虚拟语气在各种不同情境下的时态，混合型虚拟的使用，含蓄条件句中的虚拟，虚拟语气的省略倒装和虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用。后四个都是常考的重点，虚拟语气的省略倒装和在名词性从句中的使用是难点。

在整个教学过程中，对于学生的学习活动前三个安排的都是自主学习，问题设计的也不难，旨在通过学生对语法知识的复习来巩固他们以前所学的知识并进一步强化。对于虚拟语气的省略设计的是同桌合作，小范围的探究解决问题。而对于虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用则是分组讨论总结，以求达到夯实语言基础的目的。

Step3: Practice Practice环节是在近几年的高考试题中选取了十道和虚拟语气相关的单选题，让学生去感知这个只是点在高考中的出题方向，并能在掌握知识后正确的做题来树立自信心。这一部分他们独立完成后核对答案并提出问题，如果有必要，我会为他们对本节知识做进一步的总结和补充。

Step4: Production 第四个环节，即production环节，我设计了七道纠错题，这些错误也是学生在平时的写作中常出现的问题，虚拟语气在书面表达中具有举足轻重的地位，所以，让学生学会运用虚拟语气写出一些高质量的句子，我认为很有必要。Homework: 对于作业布置，一是让学生再次认真复习学案上列出的有关虚拟语气的知识点，而是给他们提供了三个汉语句子让他们翻译，让他们再次感知虚拟语气语法在句子中使用的奥妙。

七、设计理念及反思： 1.理念

本节课开始向学生讲解英语语法中有关虚拟语气的内容。虚拟语气是英语学习中的重点内容，也是高考所要考查的重点内容。但由于其内容过多而且复杂，不利于被学生掌握。如果讲解内容过多将不利于学生对其掌握。所以本节只讲述虚拟语气中最基本的情况，这样既有利于学生理解与记忆，还可以在后边的学习中进行类比。

由于学生在英语方面学得一般，因此课堂教学过程中要注意与学生互动，充分调动他们的积极性。多添加讨论活动，让他们在讨论中加深对知识的理解。同时，情景对话也是非常必要的，让他运用所学的知识去与别人沟通，将更有利于教学。

2.反思

在教学的过程中老师要注意引导学生成为学习的主角，通过对学生的引导让他们学会主动学习。老师在讲课过程中要多与生活实例结合，这样更有利于吸引学生。另外，还要注意讲课一定要讲清楚，对于不容易理解的问题要多讲，对于学生不会的问题一定要解答，帮助他们学习理解所学知识。最后，结合历年高考题和各种练习题，夯实基础。

第三篇：虚拟语气学习心得

虚拟语气难点分类总结

首先要确认是非真实的主观愿望后遐想，才是虚拟语气

一、什么情况从句必须用 sb.Should do 的形式

1）should不可以省略的情况：for fear that ,in case that ,lest引导的目的状语。

Eg:

She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。

He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出发了以防迟到。

2）should可以省略的情况。有两种

第一种：表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary.important.impossible.natural.strange.surprising.funny.right.wrong.better.a pity等。

句型：It is.......that 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型.Eg：

第二种：

1、一想要(desire)

二宁愿(prefer)

三命令(order.command)

四建议(advice.suggest.propose)五要求(demand.require.request.desire.insist)中。无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。

如 He suggested that we(should)take the teacher’s advice

He insisted that we(should)take the teacher’s advice

He demand that we(should)take the teacher’s advice

He ordered that we(should)take the teacher’s advice。

二、在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。If I were you, I would pay more attention to English idioms and phrases.三、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句，一定都是过去式形态。(if only和as if/as though引导的让步状语从句，结构与之相同）a、与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时

eg.I wish I had your brains.(事实：我根本比不上你)

b、与过去事实相反，谓语动词过去完成时

eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.（事实：原来不知道）

c、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词过去将来时 谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形

eg.I wish I should have a chance again.（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）。

四、从句只接的过去时、过去完成时的情况。

①、would rather 从句谓语动词：过去时（对应现在、将来）、过去完成时（对应过去）

I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。

I’d rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。

We’d rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿

②、It is time that 从句：过去时。即从句用虚拟过去式。

如It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。

It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。

补充：而It is hignt time that从句：表示：“早该做某事了”，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is high time that + 主语+ should + 动词原形，It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。

含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without„., but for„.等

But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

五、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构比较特殊。① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：

We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。

We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be.无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。

I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。

② may +完成式(指过去)，主句结构不限。如：

You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲

We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。

六、两种特殊条件句需注意。

①、含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without„., but for„.等

would +动词原形(指现在或将来)、现在完成式(指过去)。Eg： 1）But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

2)Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

②、错综条件句。1）从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：

If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。2）从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：

If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。

本文参考：虚拟语气讲解及练习题。

第四篇：小学英语教学-虚拟语气

知识点总结

虚拟，在汉语中表示一种假设的，不存在的情况，同样，英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在初中阶段，虚拟语气一般用于下列情况：

一、条件状语从句

1、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should(would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：

If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实上我不可能是你）

If I knew her number I could ring her up.要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(事实上我不知道)

2、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，从句：主语+had done，主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done，例如：

If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）

3、与将来事实相反

从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do

②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do

③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do

例如：If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点： 一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；

二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；

三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should(would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：

I should see him, I'll tell him.万一我见到他，我就告诉他。

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me.万一明天下雨，就别等我了。

二、wish 后宾语从句

1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。例如：

I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)

2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done

例如：

I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter.我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知道）

3、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would（情态动词）+ 动词原形

I wish I should havea chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）常见考法

对于虚拟语气的考查，在单项和完形填空中出现的较多，在阅读理解中，也常会出现虚拟语气的句子。我们掌握了虚拟语气的用法，会帮助我们更好的理解短文。

典型例题：Mary is ill today.If she _____，she ____ absent from school.A.were not ill，wouldn't be

B.had been ill，wouldn't have been

C.had been ill，should have been

D.hadn't been ill，could be 解析： 题干的意思是“ Mary今天病了，如果她没生病，今天她就会去上学了”。因为第一句说，Mary今天病了，所以本题考查的是与现在情况相反的事情，因之，主句用would、should、could+动词原型，从句用一般过去时。答案：A 误区提醒

1、在学习虚拟语气的时候，要对过去、现在、将来的虚拟的做出正确的判断。

2、一定要记住，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式，动词be要用were。典型例题：I ________ him the answer ________ possible，but I was so busy then.A.could tell，if it had been B.must have told，were it C.should have told，had it been D.should have told，should it be

解析：先分开看此题，由于设空处在主句，所以先看主句，因为由主句看不出题目所表达的具体时间，所以再看从句，此从句是由but引导的转折句，所表达的时态是一般过去时，意为“我那时很忙”，所以，主句发生的事情是与过去事情相反的事情，因之，主句用could、should、would+动词原形，从句用过去完成时。答案：C

第五篇：虚拟语气连系动词

基础语法小练

虚拟语气

用所给动词的适当形式填空：

1.If people ___________________(drive)more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.2.If you had worked carefully, you ___________________(not make)so many mistakes.3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we ______________________(tie)it up.4.If I had known you already _________________(have)a typewriter, I ___________________(not, buy)one

for your birthday.5.If he _________________(be)here this afternoon I would go with him.6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _________________(put off).7.But for your help, we ____________________(not be)able to finish the work in time.8.If it ___________________(not, be)for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much.9.I wish I __________________(study)hard while I was young.10.It is about time that fence __________________________(mend).11.My request is that we _____________________(hold)another session to discuss the problem.12.It is strange that the car ________________(break)down at exactly the same place where it

___________________(break)down yesterday.13.The baby smiled as if he ____________________(understand)what his mother ______________(say).14.He talked as if he ________________(do)all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _________________(do)

most of it.15.If only we _____________________(have)a phone!I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.16.-----“Can we come in late tomorrow?”

-----“I’d rather you _____________(come)in on time.”

17.He looks as if he _________________(be)ill for a long time.18.He always talks as though he _____________________(address)a public meeting.19.If a metal ___________________(heat), it will expand.20.I _________________(stay)home if it rains this evening.选择题：

1.If I _______ you, I’d join the army.A.amB.wasC.wereD.would be

2.“If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”

A.will not riseB.would not riseC.did not riseD.does not rise

3.If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

A.areB.will be goingC.mustD.were

4.I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.A.could seeB.had seenC.will seeD.will have seen

5.If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________?

A.would you buyB.had you boughtC.would you have boughtD.would you be buying

6.If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.A.would probably dieB.had probably died

C.probably would be diedD.would probably have died

7.________ if you had lost your watch?

A.Hadn’t you been upsetB.Wouldn’t you be upset

C.Weren’t you upsetD.Wouldn’t you have upset

8.-----“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”

-----“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”

A.have stayedB.have stayC.stayedD.stay

9.If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.A.would have lentB.would lend

C.would have lendD.could lend

10.____________, John would not have failed.A.If he has listened to meB.Had he listened to me

C.If he listened to meD.As he listened to me

11.Had Alice been more hardworking, she ________.A.had not failedB.would not have failed

C.would not failD.could not be failed

12.-----“Steve made a reservation already.”

-----“______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.”

A.ShouldB.WouldC.IfD.So

13.I wished it _______ but it did.A.occurred notB.did not accur

C.had not occurredD.would not occur

14.I _______ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.A.believeB.deeply thinkC.wishD.suppose

15.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ around the earth.A.circlesB.is circlingC.be circlingD.were circling

16.The computer “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ______ a human teacher.A.wasB.wereC.had beenD.be

17.Jane appears as though she _______ the secret.A.knowsB.knewC.has knownD.had known

18.If only she _______ of Aunt Ruth!

A.was not terribly so frightenedB.were not terribly so frightened

C.be not so terribly frightenedD.were not so terribly frightened

连系动词(20)1.______________ __________________

3.___________/____________ __________/___________ ________________/_______________

5_____________ ______________ _________________ __________________ ________________

7________________________________________________________________________

______________________ _______________________________________________ __________________ Practice：

1.What he said sounds_______.A.nicelyB.pleasantlyC.friendlyD.wonderfully

2.We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell_____.A.well, wellB.bad, badC.well, badlyD.badly, bad

3.He turned ____ ten years ago but later he became _____.A.a teacher;a doctorB.teacher;doctorC.teacher;a doctorD.a teacher;doctor

4.The dog _____lost yesterday.A.gotB.becameC.turnedD.fall

5.The old man must have ____ mad.A.goneB.turnedC.fallenD.driven

6.I felt ____ that I should leave.A.strongB.stronglyC.to be strongD.very strong

7.—Do you like the material?—Yes, it _____ very soft.A.is feelingB.feltC.feelsD.is felt

8.I am afraid the weather will _____ hot for a few days.A.lastB.be lastedC.stayD.be stayed

9.Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _____ poor.A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continues

10.I love to go to the seaside in summer.It _____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes

11.The cloth that ___________ smooth and soft ___________.A.feels;sells wellB.feels;is well soldC.is felt;sells wellD.is felt;sells good

12.___________ delicious, the food was soon sold out.A.TastedB.Being tastedC.TastingD.To taste

13.Happy birthday, Alice!So you have ____________ twenty-one already.A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passed

14.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___________ as the plane was making a landing.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.to be seating