实用文体翻译1 (10)

第一篇：实用文体翻译1 (10)

谈谈对商务文体翻译的理解

商务英语转本1 姜丽丽 13号

对于翻译其实每位大学生都不陌生，但是怎么翻译地正确、精彩便是一个很大的问题。翻译是一门博大精深的学问，是全世界各国都积极研究和探讨的学问。作为二十一世纪的我们，如今翻译依然是必不可少的，现在的专家与学者，更加致力于将最本质最原始的文化传递开来，而不是简单的字面含义的传递。这就需要翻译者的水平不断提升，以达到翻译“信、达、雅”的准则。

这学期我们学习了实用文体翻译这门课程。对于翻译这门课程我们并不陌生，因为在上一学期已经接触到翻译课程。相对来说，汉译英学习起来比英译汉要难一些，但是顾老师结合书本上的例子以及他的文章给我们具体讲解，让我们更进一步了解翻译的重要性。在翻译的过程中，往往会犯一些很幼稚的错误，酿成笑话。顾老师曾经说过：“衡量一个人的英语水平，并不是看他的词汇量，而是看他的翻译水平。”想要翻译，你必须先是一个Major。例如：(a)A particular average is an insurance loss that affects specific interests only.(b)A general average is an insurance loss that affects all cargo interests on board the vessel as well as the ship herself.[原译](a)个别海损（particular average），指仅涉及某项具体财物的保险损失(b)综合海损（general average），指涉及船上的所有货物和船本身的保险损失。这是一个货物保险条款的术语，有3处错误，particular average应为单独海损，general average应为共同海损，interest应为利益方。这个就是典型的专业术语没有学好。

到目前为止我们已经学习了5周，我总结了一些自己对实用文体翻译学习的看法。

第一，要想把翻译搞好，就要把基础知识弄扎实，稳固的基础知识是良好翻译的前提。在这样的前提下，就需要我们平时多积累单词，没有大的词汇量根本没有办法顺利完成翻译。单词不用刻意去背，但一定要从平时的学习中去总结，去积累。值得注意的是一些固定搭配的词汇、俚语或成语，和在特定场合或在专业领域里有着不同解释的词汇。其次，语法知识的牢固是英语专业必须做到的本质工作，牢固的语法知识会帮助我们理解和翻译。若语法不牢，那就根本不懂句子的逻辑关系，从而不能理解其所表达的含义。此外，各个方面的知识也需要我们的掌握。这也是英语专业区别于非英语专业的一个特点。不仅是文化方面，经济，政治，饮食等等都需要积累。因为将来若要从事翻译，那是触及到知识的方方面面，各行各业，知识的积累就能帮助做到面面俱到。学习英语翻译，就是学会将母语中文翻译成英语，以及把英语翻译成中文的一个过程。除了要对英语知识的掌握以外，母语也不能被丢掉。我们还需要多阅读中文书籍，多揣摩中文的字词句，这样表达上就会更灵巧，翻译的也会更得体。翻译是一个慢慢积累的过程，是不能够通过突击，或是猛攻就一下子能掌握得很好的一门学问。

第二，翻译学习除了要不断地积累之外还要不断地练习。在掌握了一定的知识储备之后就要把它们拿来操练。多练习翻译，并且拿自己的与参考译文来做比较，找出自己的不足，一定要从专业的角度来分析。比如，是翻译采用的方法不对还是词义的选择不准确，是语法功底不足还是词汇的稀少。

我对翻译课的建议就是，可以给大家再从更广的方面普及知识，让我们的翻译内容涉及各个方面，培养大家的英语思维，将翻译与日常生活相结合。

第二篇：不同文体翻译

复习版笔记(3)第三部分：不同文体翻译 散文翻译

一、散文的特点

散文是文学中常见的体裁,它选材广泛,结构灵活,表现手法多样,如叙事!抒情!议论等,主要特点是：体物写志,行散神聚。―形散―是指散文运笔如风,不拘形式,清淡自然;―神聚‖指意旨明确,紧凑集中,既散得开,又收得拢;既有豪放的特色,又有清幽的特征。真正的散文是充满诗意的,就像苹果里饱含着果汁一样(巴乌斯托夫斯基语)。优美的散文艺术性在于新颖的构思,充沛的感情,丰富的想像,简洁精粹的语言和耐人寻味的意境“散文也常常被比作小而境界深邃的园林。作者运笔看似信手拈来,实则字斟句酌,环环相扣,使读者浮想联翩。文论家刘勰说道: ―情动而言行,理发而文见‖,由此可见散文贵在以巧取胜,以巧妙的语言、巧的意境来打动读者,给读者以最大审美愉悦。既然散文有丰富的艺术魅力,那么它的审美效果又如何在译文中传达呢?俄国著名翻译家吉加切奇拉泽在《文艺翻译与文学交流》一书中谈到文艺翻译的总的指导原则时认为:―理想的文艺翻译首先是在艺术上,而不是在语言上和原文一致。即使达不到这一目标,也应全力以求,离目标越近越好‖。在加氏看来,作家的思想表现在文字形象以及一定的语调和节奏结构上，每个句子由若干语调、意群或若干句素组成,它们的意义合构成句子。因此,他认为文艺翻译的过程也应当根据上面的模式进行。不过译者不能机械地重复创作过程的所有阶段，译者应努力把通过文字形象表达的原作的思想用另一种语言再现出来,当然同时要有兼顾文学文本所特有的语调、节奏和句构特点，作为文学翻译形式之一的散文翻译,自然也要求译者在传译过程中,不仅要传达出原文的语流!节奏和句子结构等语义信息,更应着重传达原文的艺术神韵,以使目标读者在读译文时可以获得和原文读者读原文时同样的语义和美学的双重享受。

二、散文英译

以张培基的《英译中国现代散文选》为例：(一)句子短小精悍,结构简单

从理论上说,英语语言与汉语语言相比,英语句子―常常是环扣相嵌,盘根错节,句中有句‖,也就是所谓的―楼房建筑法‖(architecture style)。而汉语以散句、松句、紧缩句、省略句、流水句等短句居多[4 ](P48the26)

译文句子多为简单句和并列句,译文干净、利落,通俗易懂,给人一种清爽自然之美,而没有盘根错节之迷惑。(二)用词简单、通俗

张培基先生在翻译散文时, 很少使用生僻词(bigwords),主要使用普通的形容词、副词和动词等,以达到言简意赅。例如:

1.他的脑子也不小,但他的记性却不很精明,他的思想也不很细密。———《差不多先生传》His brain is none too small ,but he is weak in memory and sloppy in thinking.2.他用两手攀着上面,两脚再向上缩;他肥胖的身子向左微倾。??过铁道时,他先将橘子散放在地上,自己慢慢爬下,再抱起橘子走。———《背影》His hands held onto the upper part of the platform ,his legs huddled up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards the left , ??In crossing the railway track,he first put the tangerines on the ground ,climbed down slowly and then picked them up again.3.燕子去了,有再来的时候;杨柳枯了,有再青的时候;桃花谢了,有再开的时候。但是,聪明的,你告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢? ———《匆匆》If swallows go away ,they will come back again.If willows wither,they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade,they will flower again.But ,tell me ,you the wise ,why should our days go by never to return ?

从以上的摘录我们可以看出,张先生翻译的风格用词方面朴实无华,对保存原文风格起到至关重要的作用。(三)修辞上力求通俗易懂

一般说来,散文中修辞格用得相当少。但张培基先生在翻译中对于这一小部分语言要素也不忽略,认真处理,使译文没有生硬的感觉。例如:

1.他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃。———《朋友》(借代)

He also says that I would have nothing to live on once I should lay down my pen.意译法处理该句符合英语表达习惯,如直译为―have no rice to eat‖,一定会引起歧义,让人费解。

2.弓儿似的新月,挂在树梢。———《笑》(明喻)

The crescent new moon looked as if hanging on the tips of the trees.译文仍然用比喻的修辞手法翻译原文的比喻,但却转移了喻体, ―弓儿似的‖如果直译成bowdecision‖等.但作为外事翻译主体,必须清楚其翻译的目的和意图,外事翻译强调翻译的程式化和庄严化,所以在翻译时可以采用的策略受到严格限制.《中英联合声明》不是一个简单的条约或者协议,因此在翻译的时候为了明确表达《中英联合声明》的内在意义及庄重性,选择的词汇是―Joint Declaration‖.同样的道理,在《联合声明》中,一个重要的内容就是表明中国政府对香港―恢复行使主权‖.但是在―恢复行使主权‖的翻译上,中英双方有很大分歧.中方最初先提议用―recover sovereignty‖,英方提议用―a transfer of sovereignty‖。很明显,由于翻译主体的不同,彼此表达的意义完全不同.中方的翻译是―收回主权‖,而英方的翻译是―主权移交‖,而且由于不定冠词―a‖有贬低―移交‖的意义,因此英方的翻译是我方不能接受的.最后,经过我国法律专家的研究后,认为使用―resume the exercise of sovereignty‖较为恰当,这一译文表明:我们国家以前对香港的主权,并不是―丧失‖,而是由于种种原因―未能行使‖,现在则是重新―恢复行使主权‖。可见,定稿后的译文就正确的反映了翻译主体的意图 2)译文的可接受性

译文的可接受性指的是译文是否符合目的语的文化和体裁惯例,是否通俗易懂.可接受性的高低直接影响翻译的效果.外事翻译与文学翻译不同的是,它并不强调语言的优美而侧重于语言的可接受性及理解性.作为传递信息的主要载体,翻译中应侧重于忠实和连贯:即要遵守外事翻译中的准确性及精确性、一致性及同一性、专业性和规范性原则.例如1999 年10 月我国外交部发言人曾就巴基斯坦局势发表看法:―我们十分关注巴基斯坦的局势发展,正在进一步了解情况.‖我国翻译人员把这句话译成―We are very much concerned about the developments in Pakistan and making further investigation into it‖.这样的翻译就不符合巴基斯坦的文化惯例.因此,巴基斯坦驻华大使在新闻发布会后,立即要求中国政府做出澄清.因为―concerned‖一词含有否定意思,即有不好的事情发生时,某人对此表示―关注‖.。巴基斯坦大使认为,中国和巴基斯坦是―全天候朋友‖,中国政府不应该用与西方国家相同的词来表达态度.因此,将原文译成―We have been watching the developments in Pakistan very closely and are waiting for further information‖,则既能表明中国政府在巴基斯坦问题上的一贯立场,又能够避免上述矛盾的产生.3)文化的特殊性

翻译目的论认为翻译不仅是语言的翻译,而且也是文化的翻译,翻译涉及两种文化的比较.文化的特殊性是指在进行两种文化对比时,存在于一种文化而不存在于另一种文化的现象.外事翻译首先就是一种跨语言、跨文化的翻译.我们不仅要掌握语言的表面形式,还要熟悉语言深层的文化内涵.如果我们不尊重和不了解外国受众的思维习惯,超越语言和文化的差异,熟练地运用贴近其信息需求和思维习惯的英语语言,我们的传播效果就会受到很大影响.例如,央视国际网站有关中国新闻的一则报道: ―Chinese leaders have joined noted intellectuals at a party to celebrate the Lantern Festival.The event took place at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.‖

分析: 对中国受众来说, 没有必要对―Lantern Festival‖加以说明,因为都知道这是元宵节,农历正月十五,是家人团聚的时刻.但这一点需要向外国受众说明,不然他们会感到困惑:为什么中国领导人要与著名知识分子一起欢度这个节日呢? 当然,在新闻里,不能提供太具体的背景知识,要恰到好处,呈现出最重要的信息.建议:―Chinese leaders have joined noted intellectuals at a party to celebrate the Lantern Festival ,an important day for a family reunion ,which marks the end of the Spring Festival celebration.3 外事翻译中的主要失误 1)语言性翻译失误

这种失误主要包括语句型和语意型两种.前者如语法误解、单词误看、短语误识等等;后者如过度意译、断章取译、逻辑混乱等等.例如,1999 年3 月朱总理在回答《时代》周刊记者时说:―我不认为我对美国的访问将要进入‗地雷阵‘,但是确实会遇到很多敌意和不友好的气氛‖.译文: I don‘t think my visit to the United States will bring me into a minefield ,but I do expect to encounter some hostile or some unfriendly at mosphere there.该译文用了―bring into‖和―I do expect to encounter‖,似乎访问美国就是进人地雷阵并确实期待敌意.若改为involve entering 和may really meet 则更贴切.改译: I don‘t think my trip to the United States involves entering a minefield ,but I may really meet with much hostility or unfriendliness there.2)文化性翻译失误

与语言性失误相比,文化性翻译失误是一种宏观与具体层次上均存在的―功能性翻译失误‖.目的论所说的文化性翻译失误指译文中与译语文化规范和惯例相冲突之处,在外事翻译中主要体现在术语的随译.例如:计划经济时代,我国提到的―外向型经济‖就是指以出口为主的经济,因此译文可以是―exportmarket-oriented economy‖.又如,对于―五讲四美三热爱‖的译文:―the movement of five stresses ,four points of beauty , and three aspects of love ,‖这就是一个存在失误的译文,很多外国人误解为―五个重点,四个美女,三个情人‖.这就是一种文化性的失误,直译导致了内容的歪曲,信息的损失,理解上的困难.因此,可以采取补加译注或解释性的翻译,使原语内容准确传递给读者.改译为:―stress on decorum ,manners ,hygiene ,discipline and morals;beauty of the mind ,language ,behavior , and the environment;love of the motherland ,socialism and the Communist Party.‖对于这种中西文化差异以及汉语表达的浓厚中国特色带来的障碍,就要求译者具备娴熟的双语基本功和广博的文化知识,能根据上下文准确理解原文习俗语的喻义并加以变通。

复习版笔记(2)第二部分常用翻译技巧

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。

1增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或”There be…“结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：（1）What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语）

（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）

(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物主代词）

（5）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。

While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps.（增译连词）

（6）这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。

This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词）（7）在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the

strong bullying the weak.（增译暗含词语）（8）三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增译注释性词语）

2.省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：（1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）(2)I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）（3）中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省译名词)

3转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语；把谓语变成主语、定语、表语；把定语变成状语、主语；把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如：(1)我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。

Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名词转动词)（2）Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)（3）由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(动词转名词)(4)I'm all for you opinion.我完全赞成你的意见。（介词转动词）

（5）The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。（动词转名词）

（6）In his article the author is critical of man's negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。（形容词转名词）

（7）In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。（被动语态转主动语态）

（8）时间不早了，我们回去吧！

We don't have much time left.Let's go back.(句型转换)（9）学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。

All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.(名词转副词)

4.拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如：

(1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。（在主谓连接处拆译）

（2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。（在定语从句前拆译）

（3）This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain's membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account 英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。（在定语从句前拆译）

（4）中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged inagriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.（合译）

5.正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如：（1）在美国，人人都能买到枪。

In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.(正译)

In the United States, guns are available to everyone.(反译)（2）你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。

You can obtain this information on the Internet.（正译）

This information is accessible/available on the Internet.（反译）（3）他突然想到了一个新主意。

Suddenly he had a new idea.(正译)

He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正译)

A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.（反译）（4）他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。

He still could not understand me.(正译)

Still he failed to understand me.(反译)（5）无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。

She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正译)

She is anything but a bright student.(反译)（6）Please withhold the document for the time being.请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译）请暂时不要发这份文件。（反译）

6.倒置法：在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如：

（1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。（部分倒置）

（2）I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。（部分倒置）

（3）改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。

Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)

7.包孕法：这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时，把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前，使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长，否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。如：

(1)You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close.您是一位来自于使中国倍感亲切的国家和大洲的代表。

(2)What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。.插入法：指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。如：

如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的”带来灾难性的影响“，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。

If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, ”disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.9.重组法：指在进行英译汉时，为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯，在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上，彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式，对句子进行重新组合。如：

Decision must be made very rapidly;physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟，决策者就应迅速做出决策。

10．综合法：是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时，着眼篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。如： How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe? 欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献，使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力，使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响，并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢？

第三篇：英译汉-文体翻译新闻

第六单元文体翻译

第一节新闻报道

一、新闻翻译的特点

1、翻译讲求实效

2、可以适当增减

翻译：遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。

编译：紧扣原作主题思想，从原作选取最有价值的内容，遵循篇章构建的一般规律，基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文，再按照翻译的一般原则，将其译成目的语的过程。（王涛 2004）

摘译：摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。（俞建村 2001）（注意：必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。）

参见教材第十章 ―翻译的类型‖ p135.3、符合写作要求

（1）手法：

以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。

（2）结构：

 编年史法（chronological method）：

依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。

 新闻导语法（news lead method）：

依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。

（3）语言：

 具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。

4、内容力求准确

二、新闻的翻译

标题的翻译

电头的翻译

导语的翻译

正文的翻译

了解背景知识

例：

US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site

WASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the ―no-fly‖ zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday.But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has ―locked on‖ to the plane on Saturday.A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia.It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged.The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way.Iraq denied any such incident had taken place.美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地

华盛顿电：五角大楼昨日宣称：一架美空军F－16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后，向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。

但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称：星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已―锁定‖了这架飞机。

五角大楼的一位发言人说，该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地，伊雷

达站是否被摧毁尚无法立刻得知。该发言人在这次打击行动发生18小时后证实了此事，并说正在进行调查。伊拉克却否认有此事件发生。

1、标题的翻译

特点：

简明扼要，立意新颖，生动醒目而又不拘一格。

例：Boy, 7, killed by ejection from cockpit of navy jet

PLO says big Israeli drive ahead

Irish demo clash

START announced to begin June 29

（1）缩略词语

 缩写词

例1：NPC

CPPCC

OPEC

UNESCO

例2： VIP

CEO

PM

MP

例3： PC

UFO

TB

DJI

缩略词主要包括机构名称、人物或职位名称和日常熟知的事物。

简缩词

例1：copter

flu

lib

telly

biz

例2：ecopolitics

Reaganomics

例3：Brez

Maggie

（2）简短表达

例1：Cops under fire

Population shock

Starvation

例2：the 43-year Arab-Israeli conflict

the President’s cease-fire announcement

farm product

例3.Nuke protestors

Police killer’s jail death not unexpected

（3）―时髦‖新词

例：moon walk

earth rise

capitalese

containerization

catch

feed

machine

shuttle diplomacy

a ―yesable‖ proposition

（4）省略现象

例1：Patient loses heart, gets 3rd

例2：Bankers keep silent as dollar falls

例3：Economists told China’s program unchanged

例4：Anne and baby are well

（5）时态

例1：Mount.St.Helens erupts

Non-aligned body makes new effort

例2：Thatcher tells why she fired minister

Nehru backed Tibet uprising—rebel chief

例3：Opposition to Viet invasion force growing

India mending fences

例4：Australia to import diesels from China

Pope to visit Japan in February2、电头

电头，又叫做“消息头”。指电讯稿件播发的新闻单位、地点、时间的说明，也有只说明新闻单位和时间。稿件用¡°电报电传电话¡±等方式发往外地称“电”，发给当地的称“讯”。新闻通讯社的稿件常常以“××社××地×月×日电”作为电头。“本报讯”“本台讯”则是为了表明这篇稿件是自己的记者或者通讯员的作品，如果是外埠采访也必须注明发稿的地点时间，可以写成本台××地×月×日专电。

熟悉主要通讯社和媒体的名称、简称等。

例：AP

UPI

Reuters

AFP

Xinhua

Chinanews

Kyodo

Efe3、导语

新闻导语——是就以简要的文句，突出最重要、最新鲜或最富有个性特点的事实，提示新闻要旨，吸引读者阅读全文的消息的开头部分。

翻译导语时要使用清晰、简洁、生动的词语突出主要信息。

例1.Beijng, August 19（Reuter)–Thepresident’s visit has turned a new page in relation between the two countries，mass media here say.译：路透社北京8月19日电，此间新闻界认为，总统此次来访为两国关系揭开了新的一页。例2.London, Oct 20（Reuter via Xinhua)—London market closed mixed on profit taking after a higher opening in fairly active trading, it was announced herel.译：新华社转引路透社10月20日电，此间人士称，伦敦股市开市时股价上扬，交易相当活跃。由于一些持股者获利后抛盘，收盘时有涨有跌。

4、正文

（1）形象化、口语化词汇

例1： Pioneer colleges face axe

Chun axes 37 judges in shake-up

British students knifed in France

China says ―yes‖ to talks with Moscow

（2）抽象化词汇

例1： Penal experts say studies have shown that imprisonment is not a deterrent to crime.例2：The mechanics of this indoctrination are familiar to everyone—the Pledge of Allegiance, the National Anthem, the Solute to the Flag.例3：A lot of Diana’s appeal comes from her stunning physical presence.例4：Alternatives are available at every stage of the judicial process from arrest to sentencing.（3）词语借代

例:French election results annoy Moscow

Talks on Africa at No.10

$227 billion tax on crude oil is cleared by Hill

（4）结构松散

例1：Mr.Carter said that the Soviet leader’s response to the message, sent on Friday, had been inadequate.译文：卡特先生说，苏联领导人对（美国）星期五发出的电报的回复，不足以说明问题。

例2：The announcement on the failure of the mission, which apparently originated in Egypt, come form the White House spokesman Jody Powell expressed deep regret at the deaths of the American Forces involved.译文：白宫发言人佐迪·鲍威尔宣布拯救行动失败，对参加此役的美国部队的死亡事故深表遗憾；而这次拯救行动显然是从埃及出发的。

练习

Kan inspects quake-hit region

Prime Minister Naoto Kan has visited an emergency-stricken nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture and inspected the quake-hit Pacific coast, northeastern Japan.Kan left Tokyo on a Self-Defense Force helicopter on Saturday morning for the Fukushima No.1 nuclear plant.The head of the plant, which is operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company, briefed the prime minister on the current status of the plant and responses to the situation.Kan instructed the plant chief to place top priority on the safety of local residents and take proper and swift responses.Later by helicopter, Kan inspected the quake-battered coastal areas, including the cities of Sendai and Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture.He watched a blazing industrial complex and residential districts devastated by tsunami waves.On returning to his official residence in Tokyo, the prime minister told reporters that he felt the damage wrought by the tsunamis is very serious.参考译文

菅直人今早视察灾区

日本首相菅直人亲自前往已宣布实施―紧急状态‖的福岛第一核电站，同时还视察了东北部沿海的地震灾区。

今天（周六）早晨，菅直人乘坐自卫队直升机出发前往东京电力公司福岛第一核电站视察。

核电站负责人就设施状况、恢复措施等做出了说明，在听取汇报之后，菅直人首相表示，要以周围居民的安危为重，希望尽快落实应对措施。

随后，菅直人首相还从空中视察了宫城县仙台市、石卷市等遭受海啸侵袭的沿岸地区，亲眼目睹了正在燃烧的工业园区，以及海啸过后砖瓦散乱，积水不退的居民住宅等。

菅直人首相返回首相官邸后，对记者们表示，他亲身体会到了海啸灾情十分严重。

中文报道

菅直人今早视察灾区

日本首相菅直人今天（12日）亲自要求视察灾区。早上6点，菅直人乘坐自卫队直升机从首相官邸出发，前往已宣布实施―紧急状态‖的东京电力福岛第一核电站视察。

核电站负责人就设施状况、恢复措施等做出了说明，在听取汇报之后，菅直人首相表示，要以周围居民的安危为重，希望尽快落实应对措施。

此后，菅直人首相还从空中视察了宫城县仙台市、石卷市等遭受海啸侵袭的沿岸地区，亲眼目睹了正在燃烧的集装箱，以及海啸过后砖瓦散乱，积水不退的居民住宅等。

菅直人首相上午11点前返回首相官邸，他表情严肃地对记者们说，他亲身体会到了海啸灾情十分严重。

第四篇：实用文体翻译（定稿）

云南有26个少数民族，是中国少数民族种类最多的省份。各民族的服饰、建筑、风俗、歌舞、饮食等，形成了一幅美丽的风情画卷。

Home to 26 ethnic groups—the largest number in China—Yunnan province offers tourists a cultural feast of unique ethnic costumes, architecture, cuisine, songs and dances.公司成立10多年来，一向致力于为顾客提供卓越的服务。

We have been in the business for over ten years with a reputation of quality to live up to.要集中全国人民的智慧和力量，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。

We will pool the wisdom and strength of the people of the whole country and concentrate on construction and development.我国人民在中国共产党第十五次全国人民代表大会精神鼓舞下，正沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路，满怀信心，昂首阔步地迈向21世纪。

Inspired by the spirit of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people are advancing confidently towards the 21st century along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics.中餐烹调所用的天然配料，品种繁多，几无穷尽；烹调方法，亦层出不穷，不可悉数，凡此种种，举世无双。The nearly endless variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world.整合IT市场资源，追求专业化、市场化、规模化、规范化。

We have integrated IT market resources, striving to be specialized and market-oriented with scale and standardization.人大的工作要从立法的系统性、科学性、公正性和渐进性入手，努力提高立法质量。

Starting systematically and scientifically with justice, the NPC should strive to improve the quality of legislation step by step.中国电信公司被重组后，作为它的主要竞争对手，中国联通公司今年以来继续扩展了业务。

China United Telecommunication Corp, China Telecom’s chief rival, kept growing quickly this year after China Telecom was broken up.这项投资不会在短时间内盈利，他们得做好准备。

They will have to be prepared to wait longer for earnings from this investment.14亿多中国人不仅解决了温饱问题，而且总体上达到小康水平。

The 1.4billiom-plus Chinese people have not only solved the problem of food and clothing but also secured in general a relatively comfortable life.五年来，惠安石雕形成了“质朴细腻、形神兼备”的艺术风格和丰富的文化内涵。

In the past 5 years, Hui’an stone sculpture has formed its unique style of simplicity, delicacy and vividness with cultural richness.80年前中国共产党诞生之时，党员只有50几人。

The Communist Party of China had only some 50 members at its birth 80 years ago.10年来，中国的旅游业达到了前所未有的蓬勃局面

The past decade has seen an unprecedented boom in China’s tourist industry.严格禁止有偿新闻、买卖书号、无理索取高额报酬。

The practice of paid news, buying and selling of registered book numbers in publishing and unreasonable extortion of high payments should be strictly banned.要形成一种制度确保领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业化。

We should institute a system to ensure that a younger, better-educated and more professional leadership is maintained.人们经常会公开议论政府工作，提出批评或建议，抨击某些地方社会治安状况。

People are often heard to comment on the government’s work in a public way to criticize or make complaints about the poor state of public security in some places.杭州的龙井茶为我国绿茶中之极品，以虎跑泉水冲饮，清香扑鼻，甘醇无比。

Hangzhou’s Longjing Tea, the best of China’s green tea, requires the water from the Tiger Spring to bring out its fragrance and delicacy.虽然海滨浴场每年吸引了成千上万的中外游客，但却明显地受季节自然因素的影响。

The bathing beach admits tens of thousands of visitors from home and abroad annually, but its use is obviously limited by seasonal or climatic changes.这两次直航是台湾海峡分隔52年以来，金门、马祖的民众第一次公开从海上直航厦门、福州。

The two direct voyages have been the first open ones for people from Jimen and Mazu to Fujian since direct shipping links were cut off between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits 52 years ago.设想一下，没有数字的世界是什么样子！我们无法营造房屋，建设城市，生产拖拉机或者建造船舶。Just think of the world without numbers!We couldn’t build houses or cities, or make tractors or ships.交出译文之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样你才能把工作做好。

Before heading in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can you do your work well.银行储蓄所只在大部分人上班时开门，对于广大群众未免太不方便了。

The savings bank is open only when the great majority of people are at work, and this cannot but be very inconvenient for the public.这位山里姑娘凭着自己的天赋，一路唱到省城，唱到全国，唱到世界。

The talented country girl sang all her way up to the town, the country and the world.1978年我以当时比较好的成绩考上了研究生，同年又考上了出国研究生。

In 1987 I was admitted as a postgraduate, for I did pretty well in the examination-----Judging by the then requirements.The same year I was also selected to pursue advanced studies abroad.这家宾馆装修使用的是易燃材料，而不是防火材料。

The hotel had used flammable materials for decoration instead of fireproof ones.我们清楚“情感营销”的概念已经成为我们与客户沟通的最好手段。

We well understand that Relationship Marketing is the best way in communicating with our customers.洞庭湖“衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯”

Carrying distant mountains in the mouth and swallow in the Yangtze River, the vast and mighty Dongting Lake stretches afar.中国石油公司最近要求开展内部安全大检查，实为亡羊补牢之举。但这一悲剧引发的更为根本的问题却是，企业对工作场所的安全问题是否重视。

CNPC’s recent order to carry out an in-house security inspection is a better-late-than-never effort.But a more fundamental question the tragedy raised was about enterprises’ commitment to workplace safety.这所大学校园占地面积900多亩，建筑面积为44万平方米。

The university covers an area of over 60 hectares with a floor space of 440000 square meters.这座城市的交通硬件不错，但在软件方面尚需进一步改进。

The city boasts good transportation facilities but needs further implement in terms of management and service.火车未停，请勿开门 please don’t open the door until the train stops.他不老实，我不信任他 I don’t trust him because he is not honest.说是说了，没有结果 I’ve made proposals but they proved futile.久仰先生大名 I’ve long been looking forward to meeting you.桂林山水甲天下 East, West, Guilin’s landscape is the best.矢志不渝，追求完美in the passionate pursuit of perfection 花儿向您笑，请您爱护它keep off the flowers 12亿多中国人不仅解决了温饱问题，而且总体上达到了小康水平

The 1.2billion-plus Chinese people have not only solved the problem of food and clothing but also secured in general a relatively comfortable life.这项投资不会在短时间内盈利，他们得做好准备。

They will have to be prepared to wait longer for earnings from this investment.必须认识到，如果只讲物质利益，只讲金钱，不讲理想，不讲道德，人们就会失去共同的奋斗目标，失去行为的正确规范。

We must be aware that people will lack common objective of struggle and reject the accepted code of conduct if we only stress material gains and money to the neglect of ideal and morality.听到被判死刑，嫌疑人绝望了Informed of his death sentence, the prisoner despaired.鲁迅纪念馆如今已经成为极富旅游价值的著名人文景观。

Lu Xun Museum has now become a celebrated cultural showcase and a tourist Mecca for millions of people.天安门广场旧址原是皇城的一个庭院，老百姓不得进入。1959年，它被改造成现在的规模。这一次改造是为了迎接今年10月1日中华人民共和国成立50周年。

The original site of the Tian’an Men Square was at a courtyard of the imperial palace where the ordinary people were not allowed to enter.It was expanded into the existing vast area in 1959 and the latest restore will enable it to proudly stage the grand Gala of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China on October 1st.年迈的局长在会议中间睡着了。The aged bureau chief nodded off in the middle of the conference.无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达长沙，下榻此处会让你倍感舒适，这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品位的要求。

Whichever means you choose to visit Changsha, you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay here.Because Changsha has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes.如今武夷山已被联合国科教文组织列为重点保护的世界自然与文化遗产。

Now the Wuyi Mountain has been inscribed on the UNESCO list of World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites to be given special protection.只要一天的功夫，游客便可以品尝和体验丰富多彩，风格各异的少数民族文化。

Just in one day, tourists will be able to taste and live the diversity, pluralism and richness of China’s ethnic culture.她英语说得很好，日语一般也能应付She can speak fluent English and basic Japanese.产品的质量必须保证 the quality of products must be guaranteed 如果开支确属必须，钱总是可以筹到的If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.由于种种历史原因，中国的民族工业在二十世纪上半叶没有得到迅速发展

Due to various historical factors, the national industry of China did not enjoy fast growth in the first half of the 20th century.这种政策不利于民族团结such a policy does not contribute to harmonious ethnic relations.中国是四大文明古国之一 China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world.我们应该教育孩子们讲文明，懂礼貌We should educate children to stress on decorum and manners.他们的言谈举止很不文明，让我们感到震惊We were shocked to find him so ill-mannered。

近年来，知识经济作为一种新的力量在深圳兴起，科技创新在深圳的发展中发挥了巨大的作用。

In recent years, the knowledge-based economy has risen as a new force in Shenzhen.And scientific and technological innovations have contributed considerably to the city’s development.中山大学，原名广东大学，由孙中山先生与1924年亲手创办。1926年，为纪念中山先生，改名为中山大学。Zhongshan University originally named Guangdong University was founded in 1924 by Dr.Sun Yet-Sen also known as Sun Zhongshan, the great leader of the democratic revolution in China.To commemorate Dr.Sun, it was renamed Zhongshan University in 1926.在历史上著名的“西安事变”中，蒋介石被张学良扣留。

During the famous Xi’an Incident of December 12-25th,1936, Chiang Kai-Shek, leader of the then Kuomingtang-ruled central government was arrested by his second in command, Young Marshal, Chang Hsuch-Liang.在精神文明建设方面，坚持“两手抓，两手都要硬”的方针

To promote ethnical and cultural progress, efforts have been made to place equal emphasis on material progress and ethnical and cultural progress with neither aspects neglected.中国迅速转向市场经济激发了人们读MBA课程的热情，对于想在下一个世纪成为“实业巨头”的追求向上的人来说，这门课程不只是MBA，它实际上是成败在此一举的财富。

China’s rapid shift to a market-oriented economy is fueling an MBA craze for the upwardly mobile who want to be business tycoons in the next century;the MBA is more than a Master of Business Administration.It’s a Make or Break Asset.中国人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、赏花灯的习俗

The Chinese have the custom of eating Yuanxiao(sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour)and watching festive lanterns on the fifteens evening of the first lunar month.他的不合作态度使这个项目进展十分缓慢

The project is making slow progress due to his non-cooperation.他特别喜欢给人介绍对象 he takes great pleasure in acting as a matchmaker.他客气而冷淡的接待了我们 he received us with cool politeness 他说自己才疏学浅，这不过是中国人的客气罢了 He says that he is a man of little learning and talent.That is merely self-description, considered as politeness by the Chinese.创新可以使我们成为行业的佼佼者，创新可使我们具有真正的竞争优势 Innovation is what sets us apart and creates a true competitive advantage.要帮助人们增强自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法治意识和开拓创新意识

We must help people increase the awareness of self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.在香港，台湾，东南亚和其他国家深受欢迎。

It sells well in HK and Taiwan regions as well as South Asian and other countries.你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并交费

Those of you who want to go on the spring outing are required to sign up and hand in the payment before Friday.我觉得这个店里的衣服即使打六折也还是太贵。

I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.就目前情况看，工程造价将会超出预算百分之三十。

Judging by the current situation, the construction cost of this project will exceed the budget by thirty percent.万一你想取消这次旅行，请至少提前一个月书面通知我们。

If you want to cancel this travel, please notice us in writing one month in advance.由于这些产品质量低劣，所以我方把20箱全部退回，并务必请贵方更换这些产品

As the goods are inferior in quality, we are returning the whole of the 20 cases and must ask you to replace them.想让他答应如此要求恐怕不太可能

It is unlikely for him to agree such request.在董事会年会上，他提请大家注意一个被普遍忽视的问题。

On the annual board of the directors, he called everyone to pay attention to a commonly ignored problem.在中国一提到孔子，上至白发苍苍的老人，下至天真幼稚的顽童，无人不知，无人不晓，人们为了纪念他，在许多地方都建有祭祀他的寺庙，天津也不例外。

When Confucius is mentioned in China, everyone knows him not only the grey haired men, but also the naïve and mischievous children.People have built temples in many places in order to commemorate him and Tianjin is no exception.Confucius is a household name in China.Temples in memory of him could be found everywhere in China and Tianjin is no exception.贵重物品，现金请交服务台保管，否则后果自负。

Valuable articles such as cash and jewelry should be handed to General Services Desk for safe keeping.我们已向伊拉克大选提供了100万美元援助，并为伊拉克培训外交官以及经济管理和能源开发领域的人才。We have provided one million dollars to help Iraq general election and trained diplomats, economic managers and energy exploitation professionals for Iraq.我们必须合理利用现有资源促进我县的经济发展。

We must promote the economic development of our county by making sensible use of the resources now available.他利用业余时间学习英语he spends his spare time studying English 他的这个弱点很容易被对手利用this weakness of his can be easily taken advantage of by his opponent.自然科学方面，我们比较落后，特别要努力向外国学习。但是也要有批判的学，不可盲目的学。

In the natural science, we are rather backward, and here we should make a special effort to learn from foreign countries and yet we must learn critically not blindly.我希望你好好考虑一下我的建议。I’d appreciate if you could give my proposal your careful consideration.真希望她现在就在我的身边if only she were here beside me 儿子没有考上大学，是我们的希望落空。Our son fell short of our expectations by failing the college.他被那所大学录取的希望不大。It’s not very likely for him to gain admission to that university.他总是看领导的眼色行事he takes his cue from his superiors in everything he does.他们想看我的笑话，没那么容易they want to make a fool of me.They are sure to be disappointed.你能不能得到这份工作，主要看你的英文水平.Your English level is a decisive factor in this job.偷看别人的日记是不道德的行为。It is indecent to look into someone’s diary on the sly.我们要根据形势的发展来调整政策。We must make adjustments in our policy in response to changing of the situation.请大家积极参与单位的体制改革。Everyone is called on to take an active role in the systematic reform of one’s work.他总是以积极的态度处理各种问题。He takes a positive attitude in dealing with all kinds of problems.发言者先简短的做了自我介绍，然后开始演讲。The speaker began his speech after a brief self-introduction.我先介绍一下本公司的主要产品。Let me start by saying a few words about our company’s main products.你能否介绍一下你的成功经验？could you tell us how you achieved your success? 如果不是朋友介绍，他不会得到那个职位。Only with his friend’s recommendation was he able to get his job.我国的一项基本国策式发展乡镇企业。Promoting the growth of township and village enterprises is an integral part of our national policy.北京的腿，西安的嘴，桂林的山和水

In Beijing, the tourist guide has to walk a lot because there are so many places to see;in Xi’an, he has to talk a lot because there are so many histories to tell;in Guilin, he doesn’t have to talk or walk a lot because the beautiful mountains and rivers are attractive enough for the travelers themselves to see and enjoy.The charming of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders of leaps and sparkles or just glows.交谈的魅力在于不能确定它始于何处，也无人料及会通向何方，它时而缓流蜿蜒，时而水流涌急，时而火花闪烁，时而炽热通明。

Each conqueror in his turn raising a new dynasty and new monuments to his own glory in this region has all passed into history.一个又一个的征服者相继在此建立新的王朝，树立新的丰碑，以显示其不朽的功业，然而最终却通通如过往云烟，化为历史遗迹。

A few years ago, it was thought unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home.几年前，人们认为，观众能够打电话要求在自家的电视屏幕上播出节目是一件稀罕事。

风和日丽fine and warm 走南闯北travel extensively 欢天喜地in rapture 洁白无瑕spotless white平淡无奇lack distinction/insipid PLC public limited company上市公司 Ltd limited有限（责任）公司 Inc incorporated股份有限的

吃在广州 food/delicacy in Guangzhou 解放前、解放后 before/after the founding of People’s Republic of China 饭桶good-for-nothing 饭碗 rice bowl(lose one’s job)吃不开be unpopular 吃不了兜着走get into serious trouble 吃不消be unable to stand 吃不住 be unable to bear or support 吃老本live off one’s past gains 吃软不吃硬be open to persuasion but not to compulsion 吃闲饭lead an idle life 吃香be very popular 吃奶的力气the last strength 使劲 strain every muscle 吃力不讨好be a fool for one’s pains 吃眼前亏suffer loss under one’s nose 消防车fire engine 三轮车pedicab 人力车jinrick-shaw 救护车ambulance 鸡毛feather 羊毛wool 牛毛ox hair 猪毛bristle 卡丁车 go-kart 华伦天奴 Valentino 花旗参 American ginseng 黄金时间prime time 花式调酒flair bartending 猎头head hunter 激流勇进flume ride

旋转木马merry-go-round 摩天轮ferris wheel 米字旗Union Jack Pearl S Buck赛珍珠 靳羽西Yui Sai Kan

卢沟桥the Marco Polo Bridge 编辑部editorial office 培训部training department 师部division headquarters 文化部Ministry of culture 黑马dark horse

随行人员entourage /party

不二价 one price

收音耳机a headset radio 太平门emergency exit

九五折a five percent discount 油漆未干wet paint 邮件截止日mail day 教练车student driver 听电话answer the phone 最新消息latest news 好票good seats 得失loss and gain

异同similarities and differences 不论晴雨rain or shine

中小型企业small and medium-size business 桃源问津inquiring the way to Shangri-la 美食城food court 新技术区technopolis 情场老手beauty hunter

以外贸企业为龙头with the foreign trade firms as the locomotiveflagship 用品goods

体育用品sports goods 办公用品office supplies 文化用品stationery 钓鱼用品fishing gear 生活用品daily necessities 盥洗用品toilet articles

第五篇：英译汉-文体翻译(7)演讲

第六单元文体翻译

第五节演讲稿

一、讲演稿

演讲稿也叫演说辞，它是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场所发表的讲话文稿。演讲稿是进行演讲的依据，是对演讲内容和形式的规范和提示，它体现着演讲的目的和手段，演讲的内容和形式。

演讲稿是人们在工作和社会生活中经常使用的一种文体，它可以用来交流思想、感情，表达 主张、见解；也可以用来介绍自己的学习、工作情况和经验等等；

演讲稿具有宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏等作用，它可以把演讲者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使 他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。

演讲稿类属于讲话稿但不同于一般讲话稿

演讲稿更加注重选材立意，在选材上多属主动型，切实根据听众的愿望和要求，弄清他们关心和迫切要解决的问题，有的放矢，力求引起最大共鸣。

在表达手段上有较多的议论、抒情，将生活中获得的各种体验，由真善美与假丑恶激发起的各种情感，真实地倾泻到演讲稿中，动之以情、晓之以理，具有较强的感召力。

在语言的运用上，除了注意口语表达的特点外，如多用短句，少用长句，语言节奏感强，还应适当运用幽默、双关、反语等修辞手法，以达到在与现场听众的交流中，牢牢吸引听众的注意力，为顺利实现演讲目的作好准备。

演讲稿的特点

针对性。演讲是一种社会活动，是用于公众场合的宣传形式。它为了以思想、感情、事例和理论来晓喻听众，打动听众，“征服”群众，必须要有现实的针对性。

可讲性。演讲的本质在于“讲”，而不在于“演”，它以“讲”为主、以“演”为辅。由于演讲要诉诸口头，演讲稿必须以易说能讲为前提。如果说，有些文章和作品主要通过阅读欣赏，领略其中意义和情味，那么，演讲稿的要求则是“上口入耳”。一篇好的演讲稿对演讲者来说要可讲；对听讲者来说应好听。

鼓动性。演讲是一门艺术。好的演讲自有一种激发听众情绪、赢得好感的鼓动性。要做到这一点，既要依靠演讲稿思想内容的丰富、深刻，见解精辟，有独到之处，发人深思，又要语言表达形象、生动，富有感染力。如果演讲稿语言平淡无味，毫无新意，即使在现场“演”得再卖力，效果也不会好，甚至相反。

演讲稿翻译的要求

就内容而言，要主题鲜明，表达完整；

就结构而言，要思维清晰，逻辑性强；

就风格而言，要保持风格，特点突出；

就语言而言，要有感染力，形象生动。

一篇好的演讲稿，在语言上应具有用词精确，言简意赅，深入浅出，通俗易懂，扣人心弦等特点。

1、词汇： 用词精确，形式简洁，文体贴切

例：告别词

The Chinese people are modest and prudent, hardworking and brave, clever and resourceful.I’ve recorded, what with pen and what with camera, the most exciting scenes I witnessed on the visit.I shall make them known to my people when I get home.译文：中国人民谦虚谨慎，勤劳勇敢，多才多艺。我用文字和照片记录了这次访问中我目睹的最动人的景象。我回国后将让我国人民了解这一切。

2、句式： 语言通顺，结构严谨，表达流畅。

例：政治演讲

We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave

their lives that that nation might live.译文：我们来到这里，将战场的一角奉献给那些为捍卫国家生存而英勇献身的烈士们，作为他们的安息之地。

3、风格：语气庄重，语言生动，感染力强。

例1：We have visited your historic heroic capital city of Beijing.We have visited Shanghai, the bustling industrial and port city, …

We have caught the magic and enchantment of Guilin, …

And now we come to Guangzhou, for the close of the Guangzhou fair, yet another symbol of the growing ties between our two countries.译文：

我们访问了你们的历史名城，英雄的首都北京。

我们访问了繁忙的工业和海港城市上海，……

我们游览了仙境般的、景色迷人的桂林，……

现在我们来的广州参加广交会的闭幕式，这是我们两国关系日益密切的又一个象征。

例2：Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, appose any foe, in order to assure the survival and she success of liberty.译文：让每个国家都知道——不论它希望我们繁荣还是希望我们衰落——为确保自由的存在和自由的胜利，我们将付出任何代价，承受任何负担，应付任何艰难，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敌人。

三、各类演讲稿

1、外事演讲稿，是指外事活动中迎送、宴请、聚会等场合宾主双方发表讲话的文稿。外事演讲包括欢迎词、欢送词、献词、答词、贺词、祝酒词等等，可根据场合分为正式和非正式两类。翻译时应注意：

正式的演讲稿语言规范，结构严谨，层次清楚，逻辑性强，具有外交语言特色。

非正式的演讲稿语言随和，基调轻松，句子简洁明了，措辞平易自然，表达朴实无华。

例1：Thank you, Mr.President, for your warm and friendly remark, and you all, ladies and gentlemen, for your hearty welcome.It is a great pleasure for me to be able to visit your university, a university of world fame and unique achievements.译文：校长先生，感谢您热情友好的发言，感谢女士们和先生们的热情欢迎。你们的学校享誉全球，取得了卓越的成就，我有幸能来访问，感到非常高兴。

例2：Your hospitality is extraordinary.For myself and for our entire delegation, I thank you for your warm welcome.As I visited the Great Wall and the Summer Palace, I glimpsed something of the sweep of your history, and sensed the pride and the dignity which that legacy bestows upon your people.译文：你们的款待是非同寻常的。

我谨以我个人和整个代表团的名义感谢你们的热情欢迎。

我在长城和颐和园游览的时候，领略了贵国悠久的历史，感受到了贵国的历史遗产给贵国人民带来的自豪和尊严。

2．政治演讲稿

政治演讲稿，是政治性演讲文稿。它是针对国内外现实生活中的政治问题，阐明自己的政治观点。一般语言精练，深入浅出，佳句和警句迭出，鼓舞力强。翻译中应注意：词语选择精确，传达出原作的内容和感情；

长短句、整散句合理配合，以利于口头表达；

保持各种修辞手法，以体现原文风格。

例1：I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind.We have before us many many months of struggle and suffering.译文：我已告诉过组成新政府的各位大臣，在此再告诉诸位议员：我所能奉献的，唯有热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪。我们还要经受极其严峻的考验，我们面临着漫长而艰苦卓绝的斗争。

例2：With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go and lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.译文：问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的赞赏，历史是我们行动的最终裁判。让我们大步向前，引领我们所热爱的国家。我们祈求上帝的祝福和帮助，但我们知道，上帝在尘世间的工作一定是我们自己的工作。

3．学术演讲稿

学术演讲稿是就某一学科领域中的课题进行研究、探讨，向听众表述新的科学研究成果，传播科学知识的演讲文稿。一般具有严谨的结构，精密的逻辑，科学的语言，专业的词汇，具有较强的逻辑性。翻译时应注意：

深入浅出，通俗易懂；

语言准确，逻辑严密；

表达科学，简洁明了。

译文1：在今天的演讲中，我将描述一个可能改变我们关于宇宙与实在本身的观念的激动人心的最新进展。这一进展的思想是：我们或许是生活在一个更大的空间中的一个膜或者一个曲面上。

译文2：我想在这次演讲中描述一个激动人心的新机制，它可能改变我们关于宇宙和实在本身的观点。这个观念是说，我们可能生活中一个更大空间的膜或者面上。

4．社会生活演讲稿

社会生活演讲稿，是以社会存在的某一方面的问题为对象来表达自己的思想、情绪、愿望、要求的演讲文稿。翻译时要注意：

体现时代气息；

语言自然，贴近生活；

词语生动活泼，表达丰富情感。