英语中状语相关知识大全

第一篇：英语中状语相关知识大全

英语中状语相关知识大全 1 下一篇文章

一、什么叫状语？

修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。例如：

My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past．我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难生活。She studies hard．她努力学习。I am very tired．我非常疲倦。

二、什么可以作状语？

1．副词：Say again．再说一遍。

Suddenly it began to rain．天突然下雨了。2．介词短语：

Please come here in the evening．请晚上来这儿。He wrote with a red pencil．他用红铅笔写的。3．动词不定式（或不定式短语）：

He went to see a film．他看电影去了。

My father was surprised to hear the news． 我父亲听到这个消息，感到惊奇。4．分词（或分词短语）：

He sat there reading a novel．他坐在那儿看小说。4．分词（或分词短语）：

He sat there reading a novel．他坐在那儿看小说。The students went away laughing．学生们笑着走开了。5．名词：

Wait a moment．等一会儿。

It can go all day and all night．它能整日整夜地走。6．状语从句：

I’ll write to you as soon as I get there． 我一到那儿就给你写信。

He didn’t come because he had to stay at home to finish his home work．他没来，因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业。

三、状语的分类：

状语按用途可分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。1．地点状语：

三、状语的分类：

状语按用途可分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。1．地点状语：

The students are doing their homework in the classroom．学生们正在教室里做作业。2．时间状语：

I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside．我在农村生活时，向农民学到很多东西。3．目的状语：

They set out early so that they might arrive on time．他们早点动身，以便准时到达。4．原因状语：

She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting．因为要开会，所以她不能回家了。5．结果状语：

Li Ming studied so hard that he caught upwith the others very quickly．李明学习如此努力，结果很快赶上了其他人。6．程度状语：

I nearly forgot what he had promised． 我几乎忘记了他答应的事。7．方式状语：

He came singing and dancing．他唱着跳着走过来。8．条件状语：

If you work hard at English，you will do well in English．如果你努力学习英语，你的英语成绩就会好。9．让步状语：

He went to school yesterday though he was ill． 昨天他尽管有病，仍上学去了。10．比较状语：

Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One． 第二课不像第一课那样难。

四、状语的位置：

一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活，它可以处于句首、句中或句末。Tomorrow I am going swimming．明天我要去游泳。

Here in the cinema house，smoking is not allowed． 在电影院这里不准吸烟的。检举

回答人的补充 2009-06-06 17:08 2．状语位于句中：状语在句中的位置是：(1)如果没有助动词，状语就位于动词前面。I often go to see a film．我经常看电影。

(2)如果动词前有一个或几个助动词，状语位于第一个助动词之后。He has already had his lunch．他已吃过午饭了。(3)如果动词是be，状语就放在be动词之后。

第二篇：英语状语从句

（三）状语从句

（一）时间状语从句

例题 I didn’t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.since 分析 时间状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句动作发生的时间。引导这种从句的词有after, before, as, when, while , till , until, since, once;连接副词immediately 等；起连接作用的短语as soon as, by the 不能用形容词such.例如：

● Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4.so+ adj.(adv.)+that+从句●The boy is so old that he can go to school.5.so + adj.+ a(an)+单数名词

●He is so good a student that we all like him.time, hardly…when, no sooner…than等。例如： ● I was writing a letter when he came in.● She did not go to bet until she(had)finished her homework.● It is nearly six years since we began to learn English.● Once you begin, you must go on.● By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left.时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态用法，应注意下面两点： 1． 要用一般现在时替代一般将来时，例如： ● I’ll let him know when he comes.2.要用一般过去时替代过去将来时，例如： ●He said he would wait here until I came back.例题的意思是：“直到你说明怎么办之后，我才设法把这件事做好。”根据题意，须由until 引导此例的时间状语从句，所以正确答案应为B。

（二）地点状语从句

例题 When you read the book , you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A.at whichB.at whereC.the place whereD.where

分析 地点状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作发生的处所或方向，这种从句通常用连接副词where，wherever(无论在哪里，无论到哪里)引导。例如： ● Where there is oppression, there is struggle.例题的意思是：“你看书时，最好在有问题的地方做一个记号。”此复合句中的从句是个地点状语从句，须用连接副词where 引导，所以正确答案应为D。

（三）结果（程度）状语从句

例题 She told us _____story that we all forgot about the time.A.such an interestingB.such interesting aC.so an interestingD.a so interesting

分析 结果状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作所引起的结果。这种从句由such…that, so…that, so that等引导。其用法举例如下： 1． Such +a(an)+(adj.)+单数可数名词+ that+从句

● He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.2.such+(adj.)+复数可数名词+从句

●He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.3.such+(adj.)+不可数名词+that+从句

●He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.在“such+ adj.+ n.+that+ clause”这个结构中，其中名词由many, much, few, little 修饰时，须用副词so,例题中的结果状语从句由“such+ an + adj.+单数可数名词+that”引导。属于第一种情况，所以正确答案应为A。

（四）目的状语从句

例题 I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A.sinceB.so thatC.as ifD.unless 分析 目的状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作发生的目的。这种从句用连词so that, in order that 等引导。目的状语从句的谓语动词中常有情态动词may/might, can/ could, will/ would 和should.例如：

● He is working hard so that he may pass his examination.例题中有一个目的状语从句，所以正确答案应为D。

（五）条件状语从句

例题_____he comes, we won’t be able to go.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 分析 条件状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作发生的条件、假定等。条件状语从句通常由连词if, unless和起连接作用的短语so/ as long as(只要)，so far as(就…)，suppose(that)(假定)等引导。例如：

● If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.● He will not come unless he is invited.● Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?

● As long as we don’t lose heart , we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.例题的选项中只有unless 可以引导一个条件状语从句，所以正确答案应为B。

（六）让步状语从句

例题 _____, he doesn’t study well.A.As he is cleverB.He is as cleverC.Clever as he isD.As clever he is

分析 让步状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示某种不利的情况或障碍，但这些因素并不能阻止主句的动作的发生。这种从句通常用连词although, though, as, however等；连接代词whatever, whoever等；起连接作用的短语even if though, no matter how what who 等引导。例如： ● Although/ Though the task was difficult, they managed to complete it in time.● Young as he is, he knows a lot.用as 引导让步状语从句时，常用倒装语序，如上面例句所示。● Nobody believed him no matter what / whatever he said.● He will never succeed.however/no matter how hard he tries.● Even if/ though an icy wind blew from the north, we always slept with our windows open.例题中有一个as 引导的让步状语从句，故从句中的表语clever 须放到as 前面去，所以正确答案应为C。

第三篇：高考英语知识点中很让人头疼的——状语从句

http://www.xiexiebang.com/beijing/

高考英语知识点中很让人头疼的——状语从句

关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

状语从句(Adverbial Clause)

状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

时态特点

一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。

例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我到北京就将给你打电话。

(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，绝不可用will arrive)

As soon as I have finished this work, I will have gone home.我一完成此工作，就回家。

(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,绝不可用will have finished)

If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。http://www.xiexiebang.com/beijing/

(从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，绝不可用will come back)从句通常结构：主 do sth.do sb.(条件)+ V.结果

一、时间状语从句

常用引导词：when(在„时), as(当„时), while(在„期间), as soon as(一„„就„„), before(在„之前), after(在...之后), since(自从...以来), not...until(直到„才)until/till(直到„时)等

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant(瞬间，顷刻), immediately , directly(不久，立即), no sooner „ than(一...就...), hardly „when(刚一...就...), scarcely „ when(刚...就.../一...就...)

当用no sooner „ than，hardly „when，scarcely „ when作为引导词的时候，从句要部分倒装。

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。

While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.当约翰看电视时，他的妻子正在做饭。

The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.孩子们一看到守卫就逃出了果园。

No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.还没等我到家就开始下雨了。

(<---This translation is wrong.No sooner...than...means something happened right after something happened.)(我一到家就开始下雨了。)

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.每当我听取你的建议时，我就会惹上麻烦。http://www.xiexiebang.com/beijing/

二、地点状语从句

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.一般来说，有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。

Wherever you go, you should work hard.无论你去哪里，你都应该努力工作。

地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的或根本不可能的。

They were good persons.Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.你应该把书放回原来的地方。

Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里的人民就得解放。

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。

三、原因状语从句

常用引导词：because, since, as，特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.http://www.xiexiebang.com/beijing/

我的朋友都不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。

Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.既然每个人都到了，让我们开始我们的会议吧。

The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.更高的收入税是有害的，因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。

四、目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。

The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.为了让后面的学生听得更清楚，老师有意地提高了他的声音。

注意，由for引导的是一个并列句，不是原因状语从句，但有表原因的意思，是并列连词。

五、结果状语从句

常用引导词：so „ that, such „ that，特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that，He got up so early that he caught the first bus.他很早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车

It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.这是一个好机会，千万不能错过它 http://www.xiexiebang.com/beijing/

To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.他激动到这个程度，以至于他昨晚睡不着

六、条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless,whether(whether...or not)

特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case(美语中表条件，英语中表目的), on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.如果总统同意，我们将开始我们的项目

You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.只要你继续努力，你一定会成功的。

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会。

七、让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，no matter „，in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他，但是我却不同意他的建议。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.老人都很喜欢游泳，即使天气很恶劣。

No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.不论他如何努力，她都不会改变她的主意。

He won’t listen whatever you may say.他不会听你说什么。http://www.xiexiebang.com/beijing/

八、比较状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词：the more „ the more „;just as „，so„;A is to B what/as X is to Y;no „ more than;not so much A as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.她和她妈妈一样脾气很坏。

The house is three times as big as ours.这房子是我们的三倍大。

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.你运动的越多，你就越健康。

Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

九、方式状语从句

常用引导词：as, as if, how

特殊引导词：the way

When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入国问禁，入乡随俗。

She behaved as if she were the boss.她表现得好像她是老板。

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.有时，我们用父母教导我们的方式教导我们的孩子。

十、状语从句的省略

状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it;②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：

When(the museum is)completed , the museum will be open to the public next year.http://www.xiexiebang.com/beijing/

当博物馆完成，该博物馆将于明年向公众开放。

He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if(it is)possible.如果可能，他将去海边度假的话

另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：

I’m taller than he(is tall).我比他高

The higher the temperature(is), the greater the pressure(is).温度越高，气压越大

就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行“简化”。状语从句的“简化”现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。

状语从句的“简化”现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:

①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;

②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;

③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;

④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;

⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。

例如:

If(it is)possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。

You must attend the meeting unless(it is)inconvenient to you。

除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。

(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:

连词+形容词

As(he was)young, he learned how to ride a bike.http://www.xiexiebang.com/beijing/

他小时候就学会了骑自行车。

Whenever(she is)free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。

Work hard when(you are)young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

连词+名词

While(he was)a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩子时代就乐于助人。

Although(he was)a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,但现在他是位著名的导演了。

连词+现在分词

As(she was)walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。

Although(he is)doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。

连词+过去分词

He won't go there with us unless(he is)invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。

The concert was a great success than(it was)expected

.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。

连词+不定式

He stood up as if(he were)to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。

He wouldn't solve the problem even if(he were)to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。

连词+介词短语

She looked anxious as though(she was)in trouble.http://www.xiexiebang.com/beijing/

她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。

He had mastered the English language before(he was)in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。

注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。

例如:

When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over)

第四篇：状语从句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(条件、让步和对比从句)条件从句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引导，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.让步从句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等从属连词引导，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述让步从句的某些从属连词时注意以下几点：

a.although(though)不可与连词 but 连用；

b.as 引导的从句意义和 though 相似，但表示的语气较强，并须将强调的词放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引导的从句中，however / no matter how 后须紧跟形容词或副词，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.对比从句

表示两个人或两件事之间的对比，常用 while 或 whereas 引导，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、结果和目的从句)原因从句

主要由下列从属连词引导：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 语气最强，表示直接、主要原因，通常引导的从句放在句尾，特别是回答 why 提出的问题只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明显的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。这些连词与 as, since 意思相近，通常用于书面语，并且它们兼有其它意义。now that 有“时间”含义，表示”既然”，说明一种新

情况；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“条件”含义；in that 有”某一方面”含义，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.结果从句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等连词引导，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的从句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等连词引导，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引导结果从句也可引导目的从句，但结果从句表示事实，通常不含情态动词；目的从句表示希望或想要实现的事实，通常含有情态动词，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（结果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意义，并且从句中动词须用 “动词原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虚拟语气，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比较从句)方式从句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等连词引导，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，但如果主句谓语是感官动词，并且所述情况实现可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比较从句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等连词引导，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例从句和其它从句)比例从句

由关联词 the...the...连接形容词或副词比较级构成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它从句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引导的类比从句；so(as)far as 引导的范围从句；except that 引导的例外从句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引导的择比从句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人的身体。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（据我所知，他是一个诚实的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我会很高兴去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他宁可沿街乞讨，也不愿意用欺骗手段骗取钱。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他宁可要那个小的，而不愿要那个大的。）

第五篇：状语从句1

状语从句

一：什么是状语从句？

用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。二：状语从句的分类。

1.时间状语从句用法要点。

凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具体用法如下：

（1）.when 意为“当„„时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如：

I feel very happy when you come to see me.你（们）来看我时，我感到很高兴。

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。He was working at the table when I went in.当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。I will visit my good friend when I have time.当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.当我在上海时，我为一家外国企业工作。

注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。

I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help.我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。

We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯都熄灭了。

比较while, when, as

1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。

（2）.before 意为“在„„之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如：

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。

He had been a cook before he went to college.他上大学前曾当过厨师。

after 意为“在„„之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：

After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about.你（们）用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。

He called me after he had finished his work.他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。

注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如 1

上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.（3）.since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从„„”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。

We haven't seen each other since we parted.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。

注：常用句型：It is +时间段+since从句译为：自从„„有多长时间了。

It is six years since she graduated from the university.自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。

（4）.until 意为“直到„„时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，从句常用否定形式, not...until...意为“直到„„才„„”，这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如：

I'll stay here until you come back.我会呆在这里，直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续)

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)

（5）表示“一„就„”的结构

hardly/scarcely„when/before, no sooner„than 和as soon as都可以表示“一„就„”的意思，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例：

①、I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。

②、I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.③、I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.④、As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.（6）.while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与„„同时，在„„期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。

注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。eg.I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。

（7）.till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到„„为止”，not „ till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到„„才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用点动词。

比较until和till

此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

肯定句：

I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。

（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：

She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直到6点才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。

---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？

---Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

(1）Not until „在句首，主句用倒装。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

(2)It is not until„ that„

I will wait for my friend until / till he comes.我要一直等到我朋友来。

We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。

2、地点状语从句用法要点。

常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）引导。

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

We will go wherever the motherland need us most.我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as„so„, as if, as though引导。

1）as,(just)as„so„引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as„so„结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如„”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2）as if, as though

两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛„„似的”，“好像„„似的”，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）

说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。原因状语从句用法要点。

常用的引导连词有because, as和since。三者的区别是：在回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。

Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to go.你为何去？那是因为汤姆叫我去。He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.他很生气不是因为我们来迟了，而是因为我们弄出了声音。

As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。

Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。比较：because, since, as和for

1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.5、目的状语从句用法要点。

常用的引导连词有so that, that和in order that译为：以便，为了，目的是。此外还有lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如，Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。

I shall write down your address that I may not forget.我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。

I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语

We work harder than usualfinish it in a week.我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完

成工作。结果状语从句

结果状语从句常由so„ that 或 such„that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。

比较：so和 such

其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。

so foolishsuch a fool

so nice a flowersuch a nice flower

so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers

so much / little money.such rapid progress

so many peoplesuch a lot of people

（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）

so„that与such„that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school条件状语从句用法要点。

我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如：

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。

If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

unless = if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例题

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or

答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.8让步状语从句

though, although

注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

He is very old, but he still works very hard.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）

典型例题

1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.A.When B.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless

答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。

2)as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。

b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems„

虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

3)ever if, even though.即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.4)whether„or-不管„„都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5)“no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever”

No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替换：no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)

（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。三：主句与从句时态一致的问题。

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况：

1.若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如：

Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。

Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red.红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。

2.若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如：She could sing when she was four years old.她四岁的时候就会唱歌。