第一篇：本世纪最重要的讲话 翻译技巧分析
本世纪最重要的讲话
戴维·奈恩
新年这一天，中国每家报纸都刊登了邓小平的一篇六千字的讲话，至此我们了解到他迈出的步子是有多么大。这篇讲话标志着中国几千年仇外历史的终结。
这篇讲话最终有可能被认为是本世纪最重要的讲话。因为在这篇讲话中，占人类总数四分之一的国家的最高领导人宣布，中国在二十世纪正在加入世界其他国家（除了阿尔巴尼亚）的行列。
邓小平说道：“任何国家要发达起来，闭关自守都不可能。我们吃过这个苦头，我们的祖先也吃过这个苦头。”邓小平改变了几千年来官方除长城之外对外面世界的敌意，他坦率地说：“闭关自守只会让中国陷入贫穷落后，愚昧无知。”
承认这一点是令人吃惊的，这同中国几千年来的政策相违背。这种政策可以追溯到明代以前直到秦代，当时修筑了长城，为的是阻挡居住在荒原上的骑马的野蛮人。
邓小平的观点就是：不放弃马克思主义，但是只要资本主义的观念有道理，就采纳，因为开放不会伤害我们。由较年轻的领导人领头进行的经济改革是国家安全最重要的保障，因为只有经济实力增强，才能购买炸弹、导弹和飞机。
如果中国想在二十世纪设法赶上世界上其他国家，二十一世纪可能才会属于他们。他们有人力，有人才，纪律性很强，他们的工业潜力也是令人敬畏的。下个世纪，人们可能会普遍认同，发表最重要讲话的戴牛仔帽的人不是罗纳德·里根，而是一位八十岁的中国人。
This is an editorial with the objective, positive and amicable ideas.This article aims to express the great contributions of Deng Xiaoping to China who has put forward the reform and opening-up policy, changing the whole nation.The first paragraph has only one sentence with two clauses, but when I do the translation, I change it into several parts and recombine them.The first part: “We learned how far up he’s come on New Year’s Day”;the second part: “when every Chinese newspaper heralded a 6000-word speech”;the third part: “in which Deng signaled the end of thousands of years of Chinese xenophobia.”
The second paragraph has two complete sentences.The first sentence is easy to be translated, but the second sentence is a long one with two attributive clauses.It is a little difficult to translate the second sentence and I have no idea about how to translate the word “save”, because as we know the word “save” is always translated into “节省”or “拯救”.Therefore, I surfed the Internet to try to get some ideas and I noticed that the word “save” can be regared as a preposition, meaning “除…之外”.The last sentence of the third paragraph can be translated into with four-word phrases in Chinese, such as “闭关自守”, “贫穷落后”and “愚昧无知”.I think the first sentence of the fourth paragraph is difficult to be translate.I turn the noun “admission” into a verb to balance the whole sentence.I notice that the “Chin Dynasty” is “秦朝” rather than “清朝”.The fifth paragraph and sixth paragraph are easy paragraphs to be translated.When I translate “Deng’s message”, I think “Deng” should be translated into the full name, which is a respect to our great man.The last paragraph has only one long sentence, but the word “fellow” needs much consideration in translating the sentence.I translate this word into “人”.In order to balance the sentence, I put the whole sentence into several parts in Chinese.
第二篇：翻译答案：本世纪最重要的讲话
篇章翻译
The Most Important Speech of the Century
David Nyhan
1.We learned how far up he’ s come on New Year’ s Day when every Chinese newspaper heralded a 6000-word speech in which Deng signaled the end of thousands of years of Chinese xenophobia.2.It may eventually come to be regarded the most important speech of the century.For in it, the Maximum Leader of the nation that comprises one-fourth of mankind served notice that China is joining the rest of the world(save Albania)in the 20th century.3.“No country can develop by closing its door ,” said Deng.“We suffered from this , and our forefathers suffered from this.”Reversing thousands of years of official hostility to the world outside the Great Wall, Deng said simply: “Isolation landed China in poverty, backwardness and ignorance.”
4.This startling admission contradicts thousands of years of Chinese policy , going back beyond the Ming Dynasty to the Chin Dynasty ,when the wall was erected to keep barbarians on horseback out in the wilds where they belonged.5.Deng’s message: Do not renounce Marxism, but adopt
capitalist ideas where they make sense-“it cannot harm us.” Economic reform, spearheaded by younger leaders , is the single most important bulwark for the nation’ s security , for only with economic strength can bombs , missiles and planes be purchased.6.If China is trying to catch up to the rest of the world in the 20th century, maybethe 21st century will belong to them.They have people, brains and they can be
impressively disciplined.And t heir industrial potential is awesome.7.It may come to be commonly accepted in the next century that the most significant speech ever given by a fellow with a cowboy hat came not from Ronald Reagan butfrom an 80-year-old Chinese man.(选自连淑能《新编英汉翻译教程》)
本世纪最重要的讲话
附录:参考译文(摘自原书):
戴维·奈恩
在元旦这天,当中国每家报纸都发表了邓小平的一篇六千字的讲话时,我们了解到他走了多远。这篇讲话标志着中国几千年仇外历史的终结。这篇讲话最终有可能被认为是本世纪最重要的讲话。因为在这篇讲话中,占人类总数四分之一的国家的最高领导人宣布,中国在二十世纪正在加入世界其他国家(除了阿尔巴尼亚以外)的行列。邓说:“任何国家要发达起来, 闭关自守都不可能。我们吃过这个苦头, 们的老祖宗也吃过这个苦头。”邓改变了几千年来官方敌视长城以外的世界的态度, 他明确地说:“闭关自守把中国搞得贫穷落后,愚昧无知。”承认这一点是令人吃惊的, 这同中国几千年来执行的政策大不一样。这种政策可以追溯到明代以前直到秦代,当时修筑了长城,为的是阻挡居住在荒原上的骑马的野蛮人。邓的意思是:不放弃马克思主义,但是只要资本主义的观念有道理, 就采纳, 因为“开放伤害不了我们”。由较年轻的领导人带头进行的经济改革是国家安全最重要的保障, 因为只有经济实力雄厚,才能购买炸弹、导弹和飞机。如果中国在二十世纪设法赶上世界上其他国家,二十一世纪就可能属于它的。他们有人力,有人才, 他们的纪律性很强。他们的工业潜力也是令人敬畏的。下一个世纪,人们可能会普遍同意,发表最重要讲话的戴牛仔帽的人不是罗纳德·里根, 而是一位八十岁的中国人。
第三篇：本世纪最难最有趣的谜语
本世纪最难最有趣的谜语
下面是几组谜语，不知道是否有人能对上 1.狼来啦------打一水果 2.羊来啦------打一水果
6.一只乌龟一出门就被大象踩死了------打一花类 7.还有只乌龟也是一出门就被大象踩死了------打一花类 8.一个醉汉进厕所------打一动物 9.还有个醉汉也进了厕所------打一动物
1，杨梅2，草莓3，豆奶4，豆牙5，以卵击石
6，玫瑰7，野玫瑰8，兔9，野兔10，手机
本世纪最难最有趣的谜语（没人能全部答上）
下面是几组谜语，不知道是否有人能对上
1.狼来啦------打一水果
2.羊来啦------打一水果
3.两个裸体女人面对面站着------打一饮料
4.两个裸体男人面对面站着------打一蔬菜
5.一个裸男坐在石头上------打一成语
6.一只乌龟一出门就被大象踩死了------打一花类
7.还有只乌龟也是一出门就被大象踩死了------打一花类
8.一个醉汉进厕所------打一动物
9.还有个醉汉也进了厕所------打一动物
10.男人自慰------打一科技产品
1，杨梅2，草莓3，豆奶4，豆牙5，以卵击石
6，玫瑰7，野玫瑰8，兔9，野兔10，手机
第四篇：翻译技巧总结
英汉互译技巧
1.重复法（Repetition）
在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实的表达原文的意思，这种在句子中重复使用某些词语的方法就叫重译法。
（1）They forget the democratic centralism which subordinates the minority to the majority，the lower level to the higher level，the part to the whole，and the whole Party to the Central Committee．
他们忘记了少数服从多数，下级服从上级，部分服从整体，全党服从中央的民主集中制。
（2）We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence，which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa．
我们倡导和平共处的原则，这项原则在广大亚非国家受到越来越多的欢迎。
（3）Later，people will undergo a progressive loss of their vigor and resistance which，though imperceptible at first，will finally become so steep that they can live no longer，however well they look after themselves，and however well society，and their doctors，look after them．
随后，人们将持续的丧失精力和抵抗力，这个过程开始的时候难以察觉，但是最终将会变得十分急剧，不论他们自身如何加以注意，不论所处的社会条件如何优越，不论医生的治疗如何精心，他们都活不长。
（4）The monkey’s most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor．By the age of nine，the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle．
这只猴子最了不起的成就就是学会了开拖拉机。到九岁的时候，它已经可以独自开了。
（5）正如不行的家庭各有各的不幸，大家庭也有大家庭不为人知的难处
Just as every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way;all big families have their own unknown trouble.重译法有三个作用，第一：为了使译文明确或强调某些内容，就要设法消除任何可能出现的误解。要消除这些误解，在某些文体中，特别是在条约、合同等正式的应用文体中，要少用代词而重复使用名词；第二：为了明确，有时需要重复宾语，英语常用省略，但为了明确，也为了强调某些内容，在汉语中常常要将省去的部分重译出来；第三：汉译英时，往往还有下面两种情况：一是汉语重复，英译时也重复；而是根据两种语言各自的习惯用法，以不同的表达方式进行重复，通常是为了传达原文的生动性。2.增词法（Amplification）
所谓增词法，就是在翻译时按意义（或修辞）和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。用增词法翻译技巧的目的是为了更加准确、通顺和完整的表达原文的内容。当然不能无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词。
（1）I have heard many of your collogues’ complains for many times, and you must work hard from now on, suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.我已经听到你的很多同事抱怨过多次了，从现在起你必须努力工作，要是完成不了，你可怎么办？
（2）Just as a cutting tool is useful only if it is sharp, our knowledge must be accurate and reasonably extensive before we can make good use of it.正如刀具只有锋利无比时才能得心应手一样，我们的知识必须广博专精才能运用自如。
（3）看粮食，要看中国的农业；看农业，首先要看市场。
To understand food situation in China, we must take a full view of her agriculture, and to know the agriculture we mush first look at the food market.（4）Happiness enjoyed alone is a pleasure, so is sorrow tasted privately.独自享乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。
（5）在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak。
翻译中增词法的使用可以分为四类，分别为词汇、语法、逻辑以及修辞方面的增词。
词汇方面，首先可以适当添加表示具体范畴的词汇英语中常用一些含有动作意义的名词表示具体化的概念,翻译时需增加“原理”、“状态”、“现象”、“过程”、“作用”等词,以更准确体现原作的意思，其次可以增加表示重复概念的词汇英语的大多数复数名词在译成汉语时是无须作“增词”处理的，但在特定的情况下要增加部分词汇，用来表示相应的复数概念。
语法方面，首先可以增加英语中无须重复的词。有些词语或句子成分在英语中可根据习惯或语法规则省去，其意思仍然表达得非常清楚。但在译文中则必需根据汉语的习惯和语法规则予以重述；其次增加英语中省略的词。为了使词句简洁,避免重复,英语中可以省略某些词,但译为汉语时,经常要把原文省略的词语补上,否则就无法确切表达原作的意思，再次，增加语法中附加含义的词。非谓语动词在英语中的应用非常灵活，它往往包含一些附加含义，因而，翻译时需通过分析或根据上下文，必要时应将附加的含义译出来。
逻辑方面，某些句子在英语中，就原文的表达形式来看，逻辑上是通的,但在译成汉语时,若不加上适当的词，在逻辑上就显得欠缺一些。因而,出于汉语逻辑上的考虑,翻译时必须加上适当的词,把隐含的意思充分表达出来，使它形式上合乎思维规律，意义上顺理成章。
在修辞方面增加词语主要是对翻译出来的句子从修辞上进一步润色,以提高译文的质量使之具有准确、鲜明、生动的特点。
3.减词法（Omission）
减词（omission）即将原文中需要而译文中又不需要的词语省去，词的省略目的正是为了使译文符合英语的表达习惯和修辞特点。
（1）There was not a sound in her---and around us nothing moved, nothing lived, not a canoe on the water, not a bird in the air, not a cloud in the sky.船上悄然无声，四周一片静谧，死一般沉寂，水面不见轻舟飘动，天空不见小鸟浮云
（2）Virtually all governments have taken significant steps to widen the role of private enterprise in economic activity.各国政府大都采取了重要措施来扩大私人企业的作用。
（3）As the weather was fine, we decided to hold the reception in the open air and have lunch together after that.天气很好，我们决定举行露天招待会,会后共进午餐。
（4）To both industrialized and developing countries, this is an issue of growing concern in which international cooperation is essential.国际合作的重要性是工业国家和发展中国家日益关切的一个问题。
（5）中国政府历来重视环境保护工作，并为之做了大量的努力。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection，and has made great efforts to it.减词法主要用于物主代词，非人称词it，以及连词、冠词、前置词和修辞角度在英语中重复出现的短语的省略。
4.转换法（Conversion）
英语和汉语分属两个不同的语系，在语言的表达方式上存在着很大的差异。如果在翻译过程中，把英语句子中的词性、句式照搬过来，则汉语译文会变成外国腔，使读者不易理解或无法理解。使译文不通顺不流畅且带有明显的欧化语言，其中一个主要原因就是不善于应用词性转换和句子成分转换的翻译方法。这种方法不仅指词性的改变，而且还包括词性作用的改变和句子词序的改变。
（1）客观现实世界的变化永远没有完结，我们在实践中对于真理的认识也就永远没有完结。
The changing movement of the objective world will never end, neither will our knowledge of truth in our practices.（2）由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.（3）学习外语的方法和学习游泳的方法一样，必须把实践放到第一位。
The way of learning foreign languages is the same as that of learning swimming: Practice must be put first.（4）It is well known that too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.众所周知，孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。
（5）And we would recommend subsidies ,consistent with GATT ,only for a demonstrably competitive industry whose products are used in a variety of manufactured goods.我们建议在进行补贴时,要符合关贸总协定的规定,并只限于明显有竞争力、其产品用于加工各种制成品的产业。
转换法主要包括两大类，一是词性的转换，而是句子成分的转换。
由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，不应当机械地按英语原文词性译作汉语中同一词性，把名词译成名词，把动词译成动词等等。为了确切表达原文的内容，就必须改变英语的语言形式，因此，在翻译过程中，词性转换是必然的，又是普遍的。例如名词、动名词、形容词和介词转换为动词，动词、形容词转换为名词，以及名词、副词转换为形容词等。
英译汉时，往往不能按照英语句子结构格式原封不动，否则译文生硬无法理解。在翻译过程中，很可能由于被动语态变成主动语态，使英语句子中的主语译作汉语句中的宾语。这就是句子成分的一种转换。例如主语、宾语之间的转换，主语转换为定语、谓语等等。
5.词序调整法（Inversion）
Inversion作为一种翻译技巧，指的是在翻译中对词序作必要或必不可少的改变，并不
只是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。
（1）The moon is completely empty of water because the gravity on the moon is much less than on the earth.因为月球的引力比地球小的多，所以月球上根本没有水。
（2）The football students can be removed from the university with no exception if they fail to pass their examination.作为足球运动员的学生如果考试不及格就会无一例外的被开除。
（3）It may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security.它会提请安理会注意那些足以危及国际和平与安全的形势。
（4）At thirty minutes past three p.m.on the 30th of April, 1945, Hitler and his bride killed themselves in the bedroom.1945年4月30日下午3点30分，希特勒和他的新娘在他们的卧室自杀身亡。
（5）然而，从长远来看，泰国作为东盟最受欢迎的旅游胜地的地位，可能要让位于印度尼西亚。
In the long term, however, Thailand may have to give way to Indonesia as ASEAN’s most popular tourist destination.词序调整法主要包括定于位置和状语位置的调整。
英语中，单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前，汉语中也大体如此。有时英语中有后置的，但译成汉语时一般都前置。而英语中修饰名词的短语一般放在名词之后，汉语则反之，但间或也有放在后面的，视汉语习惯而定。
英语中单词作状语修饰动词时，一般放在动词之后，而在汉语里则放在动词之前。表示程度的状语在修饰状语时可前置也可后置，而在汉语中一般都前置。短语状语可放在被修饰的动词之前或之后，译成汉语时则大多数放在被修饰的动词之前，但也有放在后面的。英语中地点状语一般在时间状语之前，而汉语中时间状语则往往放在地点状语之前。时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大，而汉语中则是从大到小。6.正说反译，反说正译法（Negation）
Negation 作为一种翻译技巧，主要指在翻译实践中，为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思，有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法，或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。
（1）He admitted that there is a general lack of understanding of the social development in China by some countries and their people.他承认在不少国家，人们对中国社会的发展状况了解还是不够。
（2）Each nation has the right to determine its own form of government and way of life, free of the interference from other countries.每个国家有权决定自己的统治和生活方式，不受其他国家的干涉。
（3）世界各地的伦理观点不同，因此对多利羊展开讨论很难达成一致意见。
It is not easy to talk Dolly in a world that doesn’t share a uniform set of ethnic values.（4）Mexico City is an earthquake zone and earth tremors are not unusual for local residents as they have already got used to it.墨西哥城位于地震区，地震震动对当地居民来说很正常，他们已经习惯了。
（5）Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among the citizens of this country.该国公民科学知识匮乏的现象日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。
英语中有一些否定句，可根据词句的涵义、逻辑关系，按汉语表达习惯，把否定译肯定，才符合汉语思维和行文习惯。同样在英语中有一些句子，句式是肯定句，意义却是否定的。可根据词句的涵义，按汉语表达习惯，肯定译否定，通顺自然，语言地道。正反译法是一个很有用的翻译技巧，虽然说法变了，意思还是原来的。之所以要改变，主要是由于词语之间的关系、句式的变化、习惯表达等方面的因素。“正话反说，反话正说”是提高译文水平的有效方法之一。肯定译否定，更能传神达意；否定译肯定，更能表达原文涵义。
7.分译法（Division）
分译法主要用于长句的翻译。为了使译文忠实、易懂，有时不得不把一个长句译成两句或更多的句子。Division作为一种翻译技巧，它出了指句子翻译之外，还包括某些词语意义的分译。
（1）The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a whispered defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in House.在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭了这样大的失败，这种情况最终会使共和党推动在众院中长期享有的优势。
（2）When Dr.Susan Chandler decides to use her daily radio talk show to explore the phenomenon of woman who disappear and are later to found have become victims of killers who prey on the lonely and insecure, she has no idea that she is exposing herself—and those closest to her—to the very terror that she hopes to warn others against.那些女性莫名失踪，而后惨遭杀害，凶手专门拿孤独和弱势人群开刀，当苏珊医生决定通过自己的每日广播脱口秀节目来探究这一现象时，她并没有意识到正在将自己和身边最亲近的人暴露于危险之中，而这种险境正是她竭力警告他人所要避免的。
（3）And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy that strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.敌人吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地，但是由于一路受到顽强抵抗，甚至连外围地带还没有攻下。这使我增强了信心。
（4）One of the ugliest fights of Lister’s career was with the Glasgow infirmary where he had started his practice of antiseptic surgery, for they bitterly resented an attack upon the position of their buildings, which happened to be built a few feet above a cholera pit where hundreds of bodies were still decaying!李斯特一生中最险恶的战斗发生在格拉斯哥医院，那曾是他开始进行防溃烂手术实验的地方。由于抨击医院大楼的修建位置他招来了同事们的强烈反对。可是大楼底下几英尺处就是一个埋葬霍乱病死亡患者的大坑，坑里几百具死尸正在腐烂发臭呢！
（5）So let us, in these next five years, start a long march together, not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all men stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, free of outside interference or domination.因此，让我们在今后五年里一起开始一次漫漫征途，不仅仅是一起迈步，而是在不同的道路上向着同一个目标前进。这个目标就是建立一个和平正义的世界结构，在这个结构中，所有的人都可以在一起享有同等的尊严，每个国家，无论大小，都有权决定它自己政府的形式，而不受外来的干涉或统治。
英语重形合，而汉语则重意合，这种截然不同的外在表现形式要求我们在英汉翻译时要谨记这种差异，化繁为简，化长为短，化整为零。一般说来，英语长句比较多，汉语句子一般比较短。因此，在很多情况下，原封不动地对原文中的长句进行汉译，往往会使译文读者感到费解。为了符合汉语表达习惯, 也为了更清楚地表达原文意思，在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。此处所谓的句子不在于结尾处用句号，而在于有无主谓结构。英语长句不限于并列句和复合句，简单句有时也很长。它的一个重要特点便是修饰语较长。英语长句的翻译通常采用分译法分译成几个短句，这是因为英语长句用得较多,相对而言汉语中用得较少；其次因为英语的后置修饰语有时很长，而汉语的修饰语一般前置，不宜过长。
英语长句需要拆句，因为英语的长句结构复杂，给理解和表达带来困难。然而，为了修辞效果, 表达习惯等的需要，有时对英语的短句也用拆译法，拆成更短的句子。
拆译法大致有三种形式:顺拆法、倒拆法、抽词拆译法。
顺拆是把句子按意群分成片段，将片段按原来的顺序译出。但拆译后的句子相互间必须衔接，这往往需要加词。例如：
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread more furiously throughout the country.他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。
倒拆则是打乱原来的顺序，将后面的提前译出。例如：
There is a universal tendency of every body(物体)to move towards every other body.每个物体都要向其他任何一个物体移动,这是一个普遍存在的倾向。
抽词拆译，顾名思义是将句子中某个词抽出来，另行翻译。有的词如果按原文的结构翻译不好处理，这时如将这个词译成句子就能更准确地表达出原意，译文也比较通顺。例如：
I tried vainly to persuade him to change his mind.我试图说服他改变主意，但我失败了。
8.语态转换法（The Change of the Voices）
这里主要指主动语态和被动语态之间的转换。（1）轻工业的发展正逐渐满足人们不断增长的对日常必需品的需求。
The growing needs for daily necessity are gradually being met by the development of light industry.（2）He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S.is willing to normalize relations with his country.他说，国务院向他担保美国愿意同他的国家恢复正常关系。
（3）It should be noted that he and she were politically more than just friends : They were extremely close allies.应当注意的是：他和她在政治上并不仅仅是一般的朋友关系，而是极为密切的盟友。
（4）任何一个没有参加过学校橄榄球比赛的人，都会错过大学生活中最为精彩的一面。
Anyone who has not attended a large college football game has missed one of the most colorful aspects of American college life.（5）He liked his sister ,who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的弟弟。
一般被动语态有四种情况：第一，无从说出、无需提及主动者；第二，出于某种考虑，无意说出主动者；第三，强调动作的承受者；第四，为了上下文的衔接和句子连贯。在很多时候译成主动句式效果更好。
如果译成中文的主动句，可以保留原文主语。在翻译某些被动句时，如无需指出动作的发出者，动词的动作不带有受动色彩，通常可以按照原文语序顺译，原文的主语仍旧充当译文的主语。
例：Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibition.观众请勿触摸展品。
也可以将原文主语译成宾语。如果原文中没有施动者，必要时，可在译文中添加不确定的主语。如：“大家”、“人们”、“有人”等。
If you are asked personal questions, you need not answer them.如果有人问你的私事，你可以不必回答。
把原文句中的一部分转译成主语
The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.中国在四千年前发明了指南针 被动句也可以直接译成被动句。有些英语被动结构不宜转译成汉语主动句式的，就可带着这些被动标记，译成被动句式。
例如：
He had been fired for refusing to obey orders.他因拒绝接受并令而被解雇了。
在现代汉语中有些主动表达句式同样具有被动意义
问题应及时加以解决。
Problems should be resolved in good time。
9.引申法（Extend in Meaning）
所以词义的引申，是根据上下文，不拘于词的字面意义或词典提供的释义，而对词义作必要的调整与变动，揭示词与词之间的内在联系，按照汉语的表达方式译出。
（1）A large segment of mankind turns to untrammeled nature as a last refuge from encroaching technology.许多人都想寻找一块自由自在的地方，作为他们躲避现代技术侵害的最后一片世外桃园。
（2）For the average consumer, voice-activated devices are a convenience, for the elderly and handicapped, they may become indispensable for a wide variety of chores in the home.对普通消费者而言，声触发装置能提供方便；对老年人和残废人来说，它可能成为从事各种家庭杂务事不可缺少的帮手。
（3）I hope to avoid straying on the one hand into the sands of foreign policy, and on the other into the marshes of international law.我希望不要偏离正题，一方面避免误入外交政策的沙漠，另一方面避免陷入国际法的沼泽。
（4）为了得到大量水能，我们需要高水压和强水流。
In order to get a large amount of water power we need a large pressure and a large current.（5）How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart ?
评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和情感之间的这种分歧如何解释呢？
10.综合法（Synthesis）
综合法指的是单用某种翻译技巧无法较好的译出原文，着眼于篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，同时使用以上多种翻译技巧的方法。
How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe? 欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献，使它在国际市场上具有竞争力，使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响，并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢？
如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影响”，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。
If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about us, as Madam put it, “disastrous effects”, we would face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.（3）I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Briton should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。
At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than any other occasions in the whole history of the world.此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。
（4）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无以伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻名世界的。
（5）I’m going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some fresh-baked cake that my mother has made for her.我去看病在床上的祖母, 给她带些妈妈刚烤好的蛋糕。
第五篇：汉译英翻译技巧
[键入文字]
Theory： Translation Process 1.The comprehension
1)Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.2)to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3)to understand word meaning 4)to seek help from dictionary 5)to attend to the role of logic 6)to know the role of context
汉英短语比较：
1、汉词英译法：
翻译词，基本任务是词义的对应转换，形式问题是第二位的任务。对应，又称“直译法。”但必须受一词多义和惯用法等机制的调节。
如：佳期wedding day，佳人 beautiful woman，佳节joyful festival，佳句well-turned phrase，佳音good news，佳肴dainty food
2阐释，主要是难以取得双语对应契合时，义恰如其分的铺衍方式加以解释，常见的是文化隔膜形成的对应障碍。如：城楼tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker
留用人员personnel kept on after reshuffle 民乐 traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城计 undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff
3引申，由一般的、泛指词义到具体的、特指词义的引申
如：时令
season 太平间 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments
轻生 commit suicide
体魄健壮的男孩an athletic boy 由具体的、特指词义到一般的、泛指词义的引申。如：连珠 in rapid succession
文盲 illiteracy
十二万分地（感激）extremely 慢镜头slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.我们客栈热诚欢迎来自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!
4转换：词类转换，句中肯、否定式 的转换，例：
人生琐事 the little nothings of life
等闲视之 think nothing of 家常便饭 make nothing of
请来吃顿家常便饭。Come along and take potluck
在北京，堵车是家常便饭。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.5.淡化（虚化）
“闹名利”译为：be out for fame and gain
[键入文字]
“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear
“洗耳恭听” listen with attentive ears
6.融合：紧缩语义的代偿手段
如：大小 size，长短length，轻重 weight 始终all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直：right and wrong 例1别理他，这人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.例2万一她有个好歹，请立刻打电话给我。
If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.例3 Don't cook us anything more.We'll have whatever there is.7.替代
目不识丁 not know one’s ABC
天字第一号A1 裙带风nepotism
中药三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋参）
金不换 precious(be more valuable than gold)
8.音译：
商标：百事可乐PepsiCola；
万事达Master
9.注释(exegesis)：
最常用的是音译加注（汉语范畴词category word）disco迪斯科舞
hamburg汉堡包
Benz奔驰车
The Times《泰晤士报》
春秋战国Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States，铁观音 Iron Guanyin tea
Toursim 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.该地区三面与公园带相连，四大开阔的广场有草坪有树木，打破了城市建筑的规律性。城区三面绿地环绕，四大广场草坪开阔，碧草绿树掩映，打破了城区建筑的单一布局。
[键入文字]
Eating 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃药 take medicine（下棋）吃掉一个子 take a piece 吃掉敌人一个团 annihilate an enemy regiment 连吃败仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一枪 get shot in the leg 吃闭门羹 be denied entrance at the door;be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold 吃醋 be jealous 吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission 这种纸不吃墨水。This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink.茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.我可不吃这一套。I won’t take all this lying down.他不务正业，专吃白食。He does not do any honest work and lives off others.你这老一套现在可吃不开了。Your old way of doing things won’t work now.这件事你如果说出去，我叫你吃不了兜着走。If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it.走这么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only those who endure the most become the highest.再重的卡车，这座桥也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry.你别想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.他要请我们吃馆子。He is going to invite us out to dinner.你要先考虑清楚，免得吃后悔药。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later.形势吃紧。The situation was critical.他那坚强的毅力使人吃惊。His will power is amazing.他工作努力，能吃苦。He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.他跑得不快，踢足球吃亏。He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer.我跑了一天路，感到吃力。After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.只要技术好，到哪儿都吃得开。A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.吃一堑，长一智。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
点击咨询 