第一篇：初中英语动词不定式讲解试
初中英语动词不定式讲解
一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语
1．To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.2.It’s dangerous to drive very fast.二、作表语
My idea is to ring him up at once.我的想法是马上给他打电话。
如果主语部分含实义动词do，且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容，这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如：All I did was wait here.我能做的就是在这里等。
三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。
He has decided to go to the countryside.他已决心去乡下。
四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。
I don’t know who to ask.我真不知道该问谁。
五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。
She told me where to find the earphone.她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。
六、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词)+ to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。
I found it difficult to stop him.我发现拦截他很困难。
七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。
Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收即将开始。
I’m worrying about what to do next.我正愁下一步该怎么办。
八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。
I have a lot of books to read.我有许多书要读。
此时，如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。
We had only a cold room to live in.我们只有寒室一间。
九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个到，最后一个走。
十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。
We have no time to go to town today.今天我们没有时间去城里。
十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。
I’m glad to meet you.见到你，我很高兴。
They ran over to welcome the foreign guests.他们跑过来欢迎外宾。
十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。
It’s for her to decide.这得由她来决定。（表语）
There are many books for you to read.这有许多书供你阅读。（定语）
The book ids too difficult for children to read.这本书太难了，孩子们看不懂。（结果状语）
不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：
It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时，用介词for。
It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river.孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。（游泳这件事情危险）
当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless
It was careless of you to do that.你这么做真粗心。（你这个人粗心）
十三、动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不能带to, 即常见的形式为: hear sb do sth等
Many people like to watch others play games.许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏.十四、let, make, have后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 也不能带to;help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, to可有可无
She let us meet her at the station, but she didn’t come.她让我们去车站迎接她,卡她没有来.十五、十三和十四这两种情况下的动词不定式在改被动语态句子时,必须将省略的to还原,也就是说,动词后需跟带to的动词不定式.We heard him sing every day.He was heard to sing every day.那时每天都听到他唱歌.十六、跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等
形式为: ask sb to do sth
Would you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜访他?
I would prefer you not to come tomorrow.我宁愿你明天不要来.He ask the driver to stop the motobike.他要那位司机拦下那辆摩托车.十七、区别下列词组的不同含义:
①like to do sth
like doing sth
②stop to do sth
stop doing sth
③remember to do sth
remember doing sth
④forget to do sth
forget doing sth
十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间干某事.It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务.用汉字表述上面的句型为:It + take + 人 + 一段时间 + to do sth.一段时间形式往往为像这样的例子:fifteen minutes15分钟,an hour一个小时, two days两天, half a month半个月,a year and a half一年半...等等
十九、不定式的特殊句型too„to„
①too„to
太„以至于„
He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。
----Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
----Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
②如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。
It's never too late to mend.(谚语)
改过不嫌晚。
③当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常„ 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home.他非常想回家。
二十、不定式的特殊句型Why not
“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不„„?” “干吗不„„?” 例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
练习
根据括号内的动词,用适当的形式填空,空内可能不只填一个词,使句子完整意思正确 1.They usually __________ kites on Sundays.(fly)2.Look!The dogs __________ after the cat.(run)3.Miss Gao __________ English in our school since she came here.(teach)4.The class meeting _________ last Wednesday afternoon.(hold)5.You should let him __________ the work by himself.(finish)6.Meimei __________ to wash the old woman’s clothes twice every week.(go)7.Mr Jiang __________ us Chinese last term.(teach)8.My father __________ back from Japan tomorrow.(come)9.It’s seven o’clock now.The Greens __________ breakfast together.(have)10.Jim __________ many Chinese songs since he came to China.(learn)11.Please remember __________ the window when you leave the room.(close)12.After school some students began to do some __________ in the classroom.(clean)13.English __________ widely in the whole world today.(speak)答案
1.fly, 2.are running, 3.has taught, 4.was held, 5.finish, 6.goes / went, 7.taught, 8.is going to come / is coming / will come / comes 9.are having, 10.has learned, 11.to close, 12.cleaning, 13.is spoken 初中英语18种特殊的反意疑问句
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？
Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：
1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？
还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。
2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如：
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？
2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？
3.当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。例如：
He needs help, doesn't he?他需要帮助，是吗？
4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时，反意疑问句用aren't I ,而不是am not I(可用am I not)。例如：
I'm working now, aren't I? 我在工作，是吗？
5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如：
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？
6.陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了，是吗？
No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事，对吗？
7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如：
This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机，是吗？
These are grapes，aren't they? 这些是葡萄，是吗？
8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时，反意疑问句的主语可以用one，也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如：
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人，是吧？
9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few, little, seldom，hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如：
He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到，是吗？
10.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的，其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如：
It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平，是吧？
11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时，其反意疑问句用肯定结构，也可以用否定结构。例如：
You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到，是吗？
12.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如：
What you need is more important, isn't it？你需要的东西更重要，是吧？
13.当陈述部分含I think(believe, suppose...)that...结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如：
I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来，对吗？
14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思，并在句中做谓语时，其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如：
They had a meeting just now，didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会，是吗？
15.陈述部分有have to 时，其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如：
You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜，对吧？
16.陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用there。例如：
There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院，是吗？
17.陈述部分有had better时，反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如：
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学，好吗？
18.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定；要；必须”讲，反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't；而当must作推测意义“一定是；必定”讲时，反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如：
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理，是吧？
Tom must be at home，isn't he? 汤姆一定在家，是吧？
初中英语连词讲解
连词: 从属连词和并列连词
（一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词
（二）并列连词：
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：
1.表并列关系的and, both„and, not only„but also, neither„nor等。
2.表选择关系的or, either„or等。
3.表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。
4.表因果关系的for, so等。
5.and: “和”在肯定句中表并列
or: “和”在否定句中表并列
另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句
2)or “否则”
eg.①.Which do you like better, tea or milk?
②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.6.but “但是”表转折
eg.I listened, but I heard nothing.注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用
2)not „ but 不是„而是
eg.This book isn’t mine but yours.both„ and : 既„又（连接主语为复数）
neither„nor: 既不„也不 连接两主
7.either„or: 或者„或者 语后者决
not only „ but also:不但„而且 定单、复
eg.1)Both he and I are students.2)Neither he nor I am a student.
第二篇：初中英语动词不定式用法小结
初中英语动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，又叫非谓语动词，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语；它由“to+动词原形”构成，这里的to是动词不定式符号，本身没有词义，其否定形式常在to前加not；由于它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还可以带疑问词和由for引出其逻辑主语等形成动词不定式短语；不定式或不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。为使同学们更好地掌握其用法，现总结如下：
一、动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。如要说明动作的执行者，可在不定式前加for引导的短语；但如果表语是nice, kind, clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时，则应在不定式前加of引导的短语。常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.)to do sth./It takes sb.some time to do sth.二、动词不定式作宾语
一些动词，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。常见的有：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth..停止正在做的事（2）go on to do sth.做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；go on doing sth.继续做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.记住／忘记去做某事；remember/forget doing sth.记得／忘记做过某事
三、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作后置定语时，与被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系。如果动词不定式是不及物动词时，则要带上与之搭配的介词，构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语常用于“have/has ＋某事＋to do”或“enough＋名词＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。
四、动词不定式作宾语补足语
有些动词，如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb.to do sth.结构。应注意动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。另有口诀帮助记忆：“感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。”(let不用于被动语态)
五、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用结构有too + adj./adv.+ to dosth.等。
六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法
在固定句式中对不定式的考察常见的有：had better(not)do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please(not)do sth.?等。动词不定式专项训练题：
一、单项选择。
1._______ is difficult to work out the maths problem.A.This
B.That C.It
D.Its 2.We decided _______ at the end of this month.A.travel B.not start out C.to leave D.going 3.They have no paper_______.A.to write B.to write with C.write on D.to write on 4.Let him _______ a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.A.has
B.have C.to have D.having 5._______the computer is a problem.A.How to use B.What to use C.Where to use D.Which to use 6.The teacher told us _______in bed.A.don’t read B.read not C.to not read D.not to read 7.The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.A.so, that B.as, as C.too, to D.very, to 8.Why _______home tomorrow? A.not go B.not going C.not to go D.didn’t go 9.The TV set is too loud.Will you please _______? A.turn down it B.turn it down C.to turn it down D.to turn down it 10.It’s cold outside.You had better _______ your coat.A.to put on B.putting on C.puts on D.put on
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.It took half an hour _______(get)to the World Park from Kitty’s school.2.It was interesting _______(see)so many places of interest from all over the world.3.They want _______(save)time by using shorter words and phrases.4.Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make)a home page.5.Things _______(do)in Beijing 6.He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look)at.7.Help him _______(put)the photos in the correct order.8.He made the girl _______(cry)yesterday.9.It’s time for class.Please stop _______(talk).10.I’d like _______(go)to the Temple of Heaven.参考答案：
一、1—5 CCDBA
6—10 DCABD
二、1.to get 2.to see 3.to save 4.to make 5.to do 6.to look 7.(to)put 8.cry 9.talking 10.to go
第三篇：初中动词不定式用法讲解
初中动词不定式用法讲解
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，又叫非谓语动词，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语；它由“to+动词原形”构成，这里的to是动词不定式符号，本身没有词义，其否定形式常在to前加not；由于它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还可以带疑问词和由for引出其逻辑主语等形成动词不定式短语；不定式或不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。为使同学们更好地掌握其用法，现总结如下：
一、动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。如要说明动作的执行者，可在不定式前加for引导的短语；但如果表语是nice, kind, clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时，则应在不定式前加of引导的短语。
常用句型: 1，It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.)to do sth.（用of还是for决定于前面的adj, adj若是指sb.的特性，就用of，adj若是指sth的特性就用for）
例句：It’s so nice of you to help me with my homework.你真是太好了，帮助我完成作业。
It’s very difficult for me to do the math homework.数学作业对于我来讲太难了。
2，It takes sb.some time to do sth.例句：It takes my mother all day to do the housework.做家务花了我妈妈一整天的时间。
二、动词不定式作宾语
一些动词，如want, decide, hope, ask, offer, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach,prepare等，常接动词不定式作宾语（如want/decide to do sth.等）。当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。注意:有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语,所表达的意义也不同。如：
（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；
stop doing sth..停止正在做的事
（2）go on to do sth.做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
（3）remember/forget to do sth.记住／忘记去做某事；（未做）
remember/forget doing sth.记得／忘记做过某事（已做）
三、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作后置定语时，与被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系。如果动词不定式是不及物动词时，则要带上与之搭配的介词，构成及物动词短语。
如： have/has ＋某事＋to do
eg: I have so many homework to do.我有许多作业要做。
enough＋名词＋to do
eg: It’s difficult enough to do my math homework.数学作业太难了。
“It’s time to do sth.”
eg: It’s time to go home.是时候回家了。
四、动词不定式作宾语补足语
有些动词，如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb.to do sth.结构。应注意动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。另有口诀帮助记忆：“感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。”(let不用于被动语态)
五、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用结构有too + adj./adv.+ to do sth.等。
例句：I go to bed early in order to get up early in the next day.我那么早睡觉就是为了第二天能早起。
My little brother is too young to go to school.我的弟弟太小而不能上学。
六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法
在固定句式中对不定式的考察常见的有：
had better(not)do sth.最好做（不做）某事。
Would you like to do sth.?你想要做（不做）某事吗？
Why not do sth.?为什么不做某事？
Would you please(not)do sth.?请您可以做（不做）某事么？
七，根据以上六点，中英互译下列句子Homework（全对奖励100积分）1，你很聪明答对这个问题（clever）2, In fact, to learn English well is easy for you.___________________________________________________________
3, 他总是那么早回家看电视(watch)
He always _____________ early _____________TV.4, 让他们独自走进教室。(walk)
Let them ______________ the classroom alone.5, 你最好在九点前完成作业。(finish)
You’d better _______________before 9:00 pm.6, 为什么不购物呢？(shopping)
7, Mary上周末忘记了做家务。(forget)
Mary _______________________________________ last weekend.8, 上个暑假，三位青少年主动提出做一些志愿者工作。(offer)
Three teenagers ___________________________ some voluntary work last summer holiday.
第四篇：初中英语动词不定式的用法小结
初中英语动词不定式的用法小结
一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语
1．To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.2.It’s dangerous to drive very fast.二、作表语
My idea is to ring him up at once.我的想法是马上给他打电话。
如果主语部分含实义动词do，且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容，这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如：All I did was wait here.我能做的就是在这里等。
三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。
He has decided to go to the countryside.他已决心去乡下。
四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。
I don’t know who to ask.我真不知道该问谁。
五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。
She told me where to find the earphone.她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。
六、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词)+ to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。
I found it difficult to stop him.我发现拦截他很困难。
七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。
Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收即将开始。
I’m worrying about what to do next.我正愁下一步该怎么办。
八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。
I have a lot of books to read.我有许多书要读。
此时，如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。
We had only a cold room to live in.我们只有寒室一间。
九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个到，最后一个走。
十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。
We have no time to go to town today.今天我们没有时间去城里。
十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。
I’m glad to meet you.见到你，我很高兴。
They ran over to welcome the foreign guests.他们跑过来欢迎外宾。
十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。
It’s for her to decide.这得由她来决定。（表语）
There are many books for you to read.这有许多书供你阅读。（定语）
The book ids too difficult for children to read.这本书太难了，孩子们看不懂。（结果状语）
不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：
It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时，用介词for。
It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river.孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。（游泳这件事情危险）
当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless
It was careless of you to do that.你这么做真粗心。（你这个人粗心）
十三、动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不能带to, 即常见的形式为: hear sb do sth等
Many people like to watch others play games.许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏.十四、let, make, have后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 也不能带to;help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, to可有可无
She let us meet her at the station, but she didn’t come.她让我们去车站迎接她,卡她没有来.十五、十三和十四这两种情况下的动词不定式在改被动语态句子时,必须将省略的to还原,也就是说,动词后需跟带to的动词不定式.We heard him sing every day.He was heard to sing every day.那时每天都听到他唱歌.十六、跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等
形式为: ask sb to do sth
Would you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜访他?
I would prefer you not to come tomorrow.我宁愿你明天不要来.He ask the driver to stop the motobike.他要那位司机拦下那辆摩托车.十七、区别下列词组的不同含义:
①like to do sth
like doing sth
②stop to do sth
stop doing sth
③remember to do sth
remember doing sth
④forget to do sth
forget doing sth
十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间干某事.It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务.用汉字表述上面的句型为:It + take + 人 + 一段时间 + to do sth.一段时间形式往往为像这样的例子:fifteen minutes15分钟,an hour一个小时, two days两天, half a month半个月,a year and a half一年半...等等
十九、不定式的特殊句型too…to…
①too…to
太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。
----Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
----Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
②如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。
It's never too late to mend.(谚语)
改过不嫌晚。
③当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home.他非常想回家。
二十、不定式的特殊句型Why not
“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
第五篇：动词不定式教案
动词不定式教案
教学目标
1.学会什么是动词不定式 2.会使用动词不定式 重难点
1.能正确的使用动词不定式的各种用法 教学步骤
Grammar: 动词不定式 Ⅰ.不定式句法功能
1.作主语：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible.不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。→ The cat said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster? 不定式作主语常见句型：
a)It is + adj.(easy, important, difficult…)+ 不定式
b)It is + n.(a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame)+ 不定式
eg.It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c)It takes/needs/requires + some time(hours, months, days, patience…)+ 不定式 eg.It requires patience to be a good teacher.2.作表语：当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。
eg.Our most important task now is to make a plan.注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。eg.The only thing we can do now is wait and see.3.作宾语
The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等 I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded 当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。Eg.We have no choice but to wait.Cf.We can do nothing but wait.4.宾语补足语
在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。
a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等 You should get them to help you.但在谓语动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be…作宾补，不跟to do…
eg.They believe him to be honest.b)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to ①一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等
②一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等 Don’t let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上to His father made him go to bed early.→He was made to go to bed early by his father.5.作定语
不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等
eg.He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等
eg.His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.③序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语： She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。Eg.He’s always the first to come and the last to leave.主谓关系
I’ve no time to listen to your excuse.同位关系
She has a meeting to attend.（动宾关系=attend a meeting）
There’s nothing to worry about.(动宾关系=worry about nothing)6.作状语
不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
①to…, in order to …, so as to …(不能放在句首)作目的状语
All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receive C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving ②在so…as to, such….as to, only to …结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to…用于表示意想不到的结果。
He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.③enough to, too…to结构 eg.The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.= The boy is too young to go to school.④形容词（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构 eg.I’m glad to meet you.The question is different to answer.He is hard to get along with.7.作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。Eg.To tell you the truth, I hate you.8.作同位语
eg.The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的复合结构，以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：for sb.to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
It is necessary for me to learn English well.如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb.to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。
eg.It’s very kind of you to come to see me.连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。
Eg.No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式
①不定式的进行式由to be + V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。
Eg.Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.②不定式完成式由to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Eg.---Is Bob still performing?---I’m afraid not.He is said _______ the stage already as he has become an official.A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been D.to be left 答案是A ③不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ing和完成式被动to have been V-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。Eg.It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.The book is said to have been translated into many languages.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receive C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving
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