中学初中英语语法——浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词

第一篇：中学初中英语语法——浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词

浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词

一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：for two years, during/in the past/last three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：

The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间

的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：

(1)他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示“段时间”的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：

(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的达方式。

3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成“not+终止性动词+until/till...”的句型，意为“直到……才……”。如：

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。

5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是“点时间”(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是“段时间”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach为终止性动词)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away为延续性动词短语)

6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：

误：How long have you come here?

正：How long have you been here?

正：When did you come here?

延继性动词和终止性动词巩固练习

一、选择填空

1.When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours.A.has left B.had left C.has been away D.had been away

2.I ______ the League for five years so far.A.joined B.have joined C.have been in D.join

3.The factory ______ since the February of 1995.

A.has been open B.has opened C.was open D.opened

4.Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998.A.have made B.have been

C.made D.have become

5.You mustn't ______ until he comes back.A.be away B.leave

C.be left D.have been

6.The meeting ______ for a week now.A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over D.has been in

7.Miss Gao______this school since 1996.A.has come to B.came to C.has taught D.has been in

8.Ben ______ a teacher for early three years.A.has been B.has become

C.was D.became

9.I ______ home for a week up to now.A.have returned B.have been back C.returned D.were

10.How long ________ Mr Smith ________?

A.did;die B.was;dead C.was;dying D.has;been dead

11.When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.A.got B.reached

C.arrived D.was

12.Tom ______ the car for two months.A.has had B.bought

C.has bought D.had got

13.-How long ______ you ______?

-Two weeks.A.did;all ill B.have;fallen ill

C.were;ill D.have;been ill

14.Since 1942 he ______ his hometown.A.has left

B.has moved away from

C.has been away from

D.moved away from

15.I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.take

16.The bus ______ on the road for an hour.A.has stopped B.stopped

C.is stopping D.has been

17.Are you ______ the jacket these days?

A.wearing B.putting on C.dressing D.pulling on

二、同义句转换

1.My cousins fell asleep 10 minutes ago.My cousins _____ ______ ______ for 10 minutes.2.．The paper factory opened in 1999.The paper factory ______ ______ ______ since 1999.3.Mr.Smile borrowed the book 3 days ago.Mr.Smile ______ ______ for 3 days.4.I bought the piano the year before last year..I ______ ______ the piano since the year before last year.5.The film began half an hour ago.The film ______ ______ for half an hour.6The baby caught a cold last night.The baby ______ ______ a cold since last night.7.Her grandfather died 2 years ago.Her grandfather ______ ______ ______ for 2 years.8.The man became a doctor in 2000.The man ______ ______ a doctor since 20000.9..My uncle joined the football team last year.My uncle ______ ______ ______ ______ of the football team since last year.10.They got to Shanghai 4 months ago.They ______ ______ ______ for 4 months.11.He left the company at ten past eight.He ______ ______ ______ ______ the company since ten past eight.12.The Whites came to Hongkong in 1997.The Whites ______ ______ ______ Hongkong since 1997.13.The class ended 5 minutes ago.The class ______ ______ ______ for 5 minutes.

14.I put on the coat at 9 O’clock.I ______ ______ the coat since 9 o’clock.

第二篇：终止性动词与延续性动词2009

终止性动词与延续性动词2009-08-13 11:38 终止性动词

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：

The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：

(1)他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示“段时间”的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：

(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth.open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)将句中表示“段时间”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(3)用句型“It is+段时间+since...”表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(4)用句型“时间+has passed+since...”表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成“not+终止性动词+until/till...”的句型，意为“直到„„才„„”。如：

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。

5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是“点时间”(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是“段时间”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach为终止性动词)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away为延续性动词短语)

6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：

误：How long have you come here?

正：How long have you been here?

正：When did you come here?

延续性动词

一、延续性动词

延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续，而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延续性动词的用法很广，但常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how，long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。例如：

1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China．

自从来到中国，我已经学会了l，000多个汉字。

2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自从来到这儿，我们就一直住在临清。

3．I have kept the picture for about three years．这张画我保存了大约三年。

延续性动词又称持续性动词，它所表示的是一种持续的动作。

延续性动词可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,而非延续性动词不行

举个例子：

(1)How long have you had it? 这辆车你买了多久了？

[说明] 在英语中，非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。所以我们不说“How

long have you bought it?”因为how long 是“多久”的意思，而buy是非延续性动词，二者

不相配。常用的非延续性动词有：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall，finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry, start, stop等。为了表达这种意思，我们常用

相应的延续性动词 have,keep 或短语 “be+名词，形容词，位置副词，介词短语” 来代替非

延续动词。如：become---be, begin---have/ be on, borrow---keep, buy---have，come---be here/there/in„, die---be dead, finish---be over, join---be in，leave---be away等。

例如：His father has been dead for one year.(不能用die)

他父亲死了一年了。

My brother has been in the army for two years.(不能用join)

我哥哥参军两年了。

I have kept the book for two weeks.(不能用borrow)

我借这本书两个星期了。

非延续性动词可用与现在完成时态,但由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用.英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语,这时可与表示一段时间的的状语连用.Now let's do some exercise!

Which one is correct Can you tell me

He has joined the Party for two years.He has been a Party member for two years.I have bought this computer for a month.I have had this computer for a month.Do this exercise!

I have come here.for two years

He has gone to Beijing.for three months

My mother has left that factory.for ten years

We have started to learn English.for 5 years

I have been here for two years.He has been in Beijing for three months.My mother has been away from that factory

for ten years.We have learned English for 5 years.The film has been on for 10 minutes

They have had a TV for 2 weeks.They have bought a TV.for 2 days

The film has begun.for 10 minutes

I have borrowed a book.for 3 weeks

I have kept a book for 3 weeks.He has been dead for ten years.I have had a cold for several days.瞬间性动词

瞬间性动词在下列几种情况下可以与段时间状语连用：

一、瞬间性动词表示延续性词义时

有些瞬间性动词可以表示延续性词义，这时它们就可以与段时间状语连用了。例如：

I'm going away for a few days.我要出去几天。(go away 表示travel)

I went to Paris for two weeks.我去了巴黎两个星期。(go to表示 visit)

We go to the seaside for a week every August.我们每年八月都要到海滨度过一个星期。(go 表示travel)

She left me waiting in the rain for an hour.她让我在雨里等了一个小时。(leave表示cause sb./ sth.to be or remain in a particular state or position，即“使某人或某物处于某一特定的状态”。)

二、瞬间性动词的否定形式

瞬间性动词的否定形式可以表示某一状态，这时，可以与段时间状语连用。例如：

Don't get off until the bus stops.等车停了再下车。(停车之前要处于呆在车上的状态。)

三、瞬间性动词的被动结构

“be+瞬间性动词的过去分词”即系表结构也可以表示状态，因此也可以与段时间状语连用。例如：

They have been married for ten years.他们结婚已经十年了。

The book has been lost for a week.那书已经丢了一周了。

当要表达瞬间性动作发生之后一段时间的概念时，可以有多种不同的表达方式。试比较：

汤姆到了三十分钟了。

方法1：Tom has been here for 30 minutes.方法2：It's 30 minutes since Tom arrived.方法3：Tom got here 30 minutes ago.艾丽丝直到她妈妈回来了才睡觉。

方法1： Alice didn't go to bed until her mother came back.方法2： Alice stayed up until her mother came back.你们认识多长时间了？

方法1： How long have you known each other?

方法2： How long ago did you get to know each other?

方法3： How long is it since you got to know each other?

Exercises:

根据汉语完成句子。

1.火车离开已经十五分钟了。

(1)The train ______ ______ ______ for fifteen minutes.(2)fifteen minutes the train left.2.我直到夜里十二点才睡觉。

(1)I______ ______ ______ ______ until 12 at night.(2)I______ ______ until 12 at night.3.他戒烟已经三个月了。

(1)______ three months______ he ______ ______ smoking.(2)He______ ______ for three months.4.他爸爸去世已经三年了。

(1)His father ______ ______ ______ ______.(2)His father______ ______ ______ for three years.(3)______ three years______ his father______.Key: 1.(1)has been gone(2)It's;since

2.(1)didn't go to bed(2)stayed up

3.(1)It's;since;gave up

(2)hasn't smoked

4.(1)died three years ago

(2)has been dead

(3)It's;since;died 更多我的日记

►一般过去时和现在完成时 2009-08-13 11:34 ►现在完成时 2009-08-13 11:18 ►过去完成进行时 2009-08-13 11:17

第三篇：终止性动词

终止性动词和延续性动词

动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词

表示能够延续的动作。如：study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间,for 2 years;since从句,since he came here;since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago;how long;for a long time等。终止性动词

也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrive等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago;at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years.I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.两者的转换 leave---be away, borrow---keep, buy---have, begin/start---be on, die---be dead, finish---be over , join---be on+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth---keep sth open, fall ill---be ill get up---be up, come here---be here, go there---be there, become---be, come back---be back, fall asleep---be asleep , get to/ arrive/reach---be(in), leave---be away from, get to know---know, go(get)out →be out，put on→ wear catch a cold →have a cold ,get married---be married等。例:The old man died 4 years ago.----The old man has been dead for 4 years.----It is 4 years since the old man died.----Four years has passed since the old man died.He joined the Party 2 years ago.-----He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.----I have had the book for 5 days.动词相关分类编辑

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响，又叫非点动词。常见的这类动词有：study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay，smoke等。延续性动词的用法很广，常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how，long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy,die等。终止性动词又叫点动词，可用于现在完成时态，但由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语，这时可与表示一段时间的的状语连用。词条标签：

语言术语，文化

第四篇：西点课业--英语语法精讲--延继性动词和终止性动词

西点课业—初中英语延继性动词和终止性动词讲解与专项训练

1.When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours.A.has left

B.had left

C.has been away

D.had been away

2.I ______ the League for five years so far.A.joined

B.have joined

C.have been in

D.join

3.The factory ______ since the February of 1995.A.has been open

B.has opened

C.was open

D.opened

4.Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998.A.have made

B.have been

C.made

D.have become

5.You mustn't ______ until he comes back.A.be away

B.leave

C.be left

D.have been

6.The meeting ______ for a week now.A.has finished

B.has ended

C.has been over

D.has been in

7.Miss Gao______this school since 1996.A.has come to

B.came to

C.has taught

D.has been in

8.Ben ______ a teacher for early three years.A.has been

B.has become

C.was

D.became

9.I ______ home for a week up to now.A.have returned

B.have been back

C.returned

D.were

10.How long ________ Mr Smith ________?

A.did;die

B.was;dead

C.was;dying

D.has;been dead

11.When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.A.got

B.reached

C.arrived

D.was

12.Tom ______ the car for two months.A.has had

B.bought

C.has bought

D.had got

13.-How long ______ you ______?

-Two weeks.A.did;all ill

B.have;fallen ill

C.were;ill

D.have;been ill

14.Since 1942 he ______ his hometown.A.has left

B.has moved away from

C.has been away from

D.moved away from

15.I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.A.borrow

B.lend

C.keep

D.take

16.The bus ______ on the road for an hour.A.has stopped

B.stopped

C.is stopping

D.has been

17.Are you ______ the jacket these days?

A.wearing

B.putting on

C.dressing

D.pulling on

(Keys: 1-5 DCABB 6-10 CDABD 11-15 CADCC 16-17 DA)西点课业—初中英语延继性动词和终止性动词讲解与专项训练

浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词

一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：

The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：

(1)他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。西点课业—初中英语延继性动词和终止性动词讲解与专项训练

误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示“段时间”的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：

(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth.open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)将句中表示“段时间”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(3)用句型“It is+段时间+since...”表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(4)用句型“时间+has passed+since...”表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成“not+终止性动词+until/till...”的句型，意为“直到……才……”。如：

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。

5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是“点时间”(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是“段时间”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach为终止性动词)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away为延续性动词短语)

6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：

误：How long have you come here?

正：How long have you been here?

正：When did you come here? 西点课业—初中英语延继性动词和终止性动词讲解与专项训练

第五篇：初中英语语法动词二教案

第9单元 动词(二)

英语动词有十六种时态，但初中阶段常用的有八种，即：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时。

1．一般现在时

(1)一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但在第三人称单数时，谓语动词在词尾要加s或es，规则如下：

a.一般动词在词尾加-s(读音规律同名词变复数)，如：play-plays [],like-likes []

b.以字母s,x,ch,sh和o结尾的动词加-es，如：wash-washes [ｗ], teach-teaches [：]

c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，如：study-studies, fly-flies 

(2)一般现在时的用法：

a.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

『例』 He gets up early every day. b.表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。

『例』 The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. c.表示客观事实和普遍真理。

『例』 The sun rises in the east.

d.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。

『例』 I'll tell her about it as soon as she comes back.

2．现在进行时

现在进行时表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。它由“助动词be(am,is,are)+现在分词”构成。

『例』

The students are singing and dancing now.

现在分词构成如下：

a.一般情况词尾加-ing,如：look-looking, read-reading

b.以不发音的e结尾的词，去e再加-ing,如：ride-riding, leave-leaving

c.以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一辅音字母，再加-ing, 如： run-running，swim-swimming，prefer-preferring等。但是，有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作，这些动词有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return等。『例』She is coming to see me next week.

3．现在完成时

现在完成时由助动词have/has+过去分词构成。动词过去分词的构成规则变化同它的过去式.

(1)现在完成时的用法：

a.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

『例』 We have already seen this film.

The plane hasn't arrived yet.

注意：already，just用于肯定句，yet用于疑问句或否定句。

b.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如for a week, since ten years ago等。

『例』 I have lived here since I was born.

He has worked in Shanghai for more than five years.

注意：有些动词代表一个短暂的动作，因而它在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，它们有：begin, start, come, go, buy，sell, die, open, close, join, borrow等。

『例』

His grandfather has died for ten years.由于die是个短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，这就要用be来表示连续状态： 『例』 His grandfather has been dead for ten years.列举数例将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词的表达法： Buy---have die---be deadfinish/end----be over join----be in/be+a+名词

fall in／get ill—be ill leave/move----be away from／be out of go out----be out

get up----be up get to know-----know



(2)have/has been to与have/has gone to的用法区别：

have/has been to表示去过某地现在已经返回，表示人已回来。

have/has gone to表示去某地了，可能已经到达，也可能在去的路上，表示人不在这儿。『例』—Where's Jim? —He's gone to Xi'an. I have been to Xi'an.

(3)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。

一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。

『例』 I have read this book.(我了解书的内容) I read this book last year.(说明去年看的)



4．一般将来时

一般将来时由助动词shall/will加动词原形构成。shall(用于第一人称，will用于任何人称。表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间连用。如：tomorrow, next week等。但在表示准备、计划、打算做某事时，常用be going to加动词原形的结构。『例』 We're going to see Uncle Wang tomorrow.

5．一般过去时

一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，表示过去发生的动作或状态。过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。

规则变化：

6．过去进行时

过去进行时由was/were加现在分词构成，表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。常与表示过去某一时间的状语或when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语从句连用。

『例』

What were you doing at this time yesterday? My mother was cooking when I got home.

7．过去将来时

过去将来时由should/would加动词原形或was/were going to加动词原形构成，表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情，常用在宾语从句中。 『例』

I didn't know when he would come back.

8．过去完成时

过去完成时由had加过去分词构成，表示过去某一动作或时间以前已发生或完成的动作，也可指从过去某时开始到过去另一时为止的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。常用的时间状语有：

A.by last month, by the end of last term等； B.before he came here, when I got there.『例』 By the end of last term they had learned about twenty English songs. The film had already begun when we got there.

注意：before与ago的用法有区别。

before表示“距过去某时…以前”，即过去的过去，用于过去完成时； ago表示“距今…以前”，即从现在起的过去，用于一般过去时。