第一篇：口译的类型（共）
口译的类型
发布:fanyi02 | 发布时间: 2010年8月14日 根据时间工作模式
交替传译 consecutive interpreting
也称连续口译/传译、即席口译/传译、逐步口译（台湾用语）。简称“交传”或“连传”；英文简称CI。
讲话人说一段，译员翻译一段，然后循环往复、交替进行。交替传译常用于新闻发布会、外事会见、商务谈判、户外活动等。3分钟以上即可称为长交传。
同声传译 simultaneous interpreting
又称同步口译、即时传译（港台用语），简称“同传”；英文简称SI。讲话人的“说”与译员的“译”几乎同时进行。同声传译可分为常规会议同传和耳语同传两种：
常规会议同传 regular conference SI 2-3人一组，在同传间/同传箱（booth）使用同传设备。一般译员每20分钟轮换一次。
包括有稿同传和无稿同传两种形式。
耳语同传 whispered interpreting or chuchotage 只有1-3人需要口译服务，无需同传设备。根据空间工作模式
现场口译 live interpreting 当事双方和译员同时在场。
远程口译 remote interpreting 当事双方和译员不在一地：电话口译、远程视频口译等。
根据活动场合和主题 会议口译 conference interpreting
陪同口译 escort interpreting 外交口译 diplomatic interpreting 商务口译 business interpreting 媒体口译 media interpreting 社区口译 community interpreting
导游口译 guide interpreting 医学口译 medical interpreting 国外有资格认证
法庭/法律口译 court/legal/judicial interpreting 国外有资格认证 法庭译员被称为宣誓译员 sworn interpreter 等等
根据活动的性质和正式程度
会议口译 conference interpreting 联络口译 liaison interpreting 根据译语的流向
单向口译 one-way interpreting 译员只将A语译成B语。
双向口译 two-way interpreting 译员要将A语言和B语进行交替互译。根据源语到译语的直接性程度
直接口译 direct interpreting 直接将一种语言译成另一种语言。
接续口译 relay interpreting 也叫接力口译，简称“接传”。译员甲将讲话人的A语译成B语，再由译员乙将B语译成C语给听者。其他口译形式
视译 sight interpreting 交传：译员将现场文字用目的语口译给听者，常见于导游讲解。
同传：译员眼看讲话人发言稿或幻灯片，耳听发言人讲话，进行口译，常见于会议有稿同传。手语口译 sign language interpreting 在手语和口语间交替或同步翻译，主要为聋哑人服务
第二篇：口译比赛策划
第二届全国口译大赛（英语）初赛（湘南学院赛区）
比赛策划书
一、活动背景
第二届全国口译大赛的来临。国内外对高级口译人才的巨大需求。
二、活动目的及意义
外语系本着“明德、博学、创新、笃行”的八字校训，培养和锻炼出社会需要复合型高级口译人才，建立起湘南学院第一支口译队伍，并在学术比赛中取得优异成绩，提高湘南学院外语系的社会影响力。
三、活动组织机构
主办单位：湘南学院外语系
承办单位：湘南学院外语系办公室
总 顾 问: 张建佳
顾问：谭胜华、段良亮、李气纠、高芳、唐昊、张薇
四、活动对象
外语系全体学生
五、活动时间及地点
2月22日19点一栋106教室（备用教室212）
六、活动设备与材料：多媒体相关器材
七、活动前期准备
A、在系大厅张贴活动海报
B、2月21到大一各个班级宣传
C、认真收集整理比赛之前的资料并制作ppt
D、人员安排，责任具体分工
E、选手赛前抽签决定选手编号
F、2月22日到106教室工作人员彩排
八、活动具体规则及赛程
比赛共分四轮，第一轮不计分，余下三轮总分为三百分，算分方式为去掉两最分求平均分，赛制采取积分末位淘汰制，除第一轮不淘汰选手以外，其余每轮排名最末四位的选手将被淘汰，即每轮比赛人数为：十四、十四、十二、八。
①第一轮——中英绕口令（每人限时三十秒）选手抽题或按编号表演绕口令
②第二轮——英汉交传（每人限时两分钟）
选手抽题或按编号听现场人员朗读相应英文材料，可做简单速记并在规定时间内报出相应中文译文。
③第三轮——汉英交传（每人限时两分钟）
选手抽题或按编号听现场人员朗读相应中文材料，可做简单速记并在规定时间内报出相应英文译文。
④第四轮——现场对话交传（每组限时二十分钟）
选手按序分为两组，每组四人。对话对象为两名中文嘉宾、两名英文嘉宾。
如第一组为甲乙丙丁，则甲乙分别为两名中文嘉宾翻译，丙丁分别为两名英文嘉宾翻译，此轮谈话持续十分钟左右。中英译员对调，如此循环一次。即第一组谈话持续二十分钟。
九、奖项设置 一等奖一名 二等奖两名 三等奖五名 优胜奖六名
十、人员安排
A、主持人：李琪、周弼宇
B、现场朗读材料：佘希、邹雯昕、阙景频、龚昕、顾智晶 C、PPT制作及放映：贺新年 D、现场拍摄：宣传部
E、记分员:陈曦、王雪莲、谢康 F、话筒调试及传递：李泽思
G、布置会场及维护秩序：杜立刚、廖简、赵志伟、张伟
十一、经费预算 水 30元
十二、注意事项
A、比赛之前告知比赛的题型和范围及赛事体制。
B、在比赛过程中不得使用辅助工具及参考资料，如发现违背规定，所答题不予计分
C、所有比赛资料不得外泄，比赛资料必须备份以防资料丢失 D、比赛之前内部人员和主持人必须彩排和预设比赛的时间，以确保比赛顺利进行。
E、发现设备不能满足比赛要求必须及时通知修理或修改比赛方案 F、比赛之后工作成员清理现场
湘南学院外语系学生分会2012.2.20
第三篇：中级口译（共）
制药有限公司 pharmaceutical Co.Ltd 副总经理 deputy managing director 研究生 graduate student 论文 paper 研究成果 research findings 实验助手 lab assistant 市中心 downtown area 假日酒店 Holiday Inn 旅馆招待费 hotel accommodation fee 招待所 guesthouse 舒适如归 make sb.comfortable 不尽如人意之处 inconvenience in life and work 排忧解难 help sb.out
第二篇
Stanford University 斯坦福大学 a land of wonder充满奇观的国家 head office 总部
magical power 神奇的魅力 Oriental 东方的 Confucianism 儒家思想 Taoism 道家学说 inexplicable 难以言表的 set foot on 踏上……的土地 cosmopolitan city 国际大都市 maximize 充分利用 in no time 不久 rewarding 有成效的第二单元：礼仪祝辞 第一篇
阁下 your excellency...建交 the establishment of diplomatic relations近海石油勘探 offshore oil exploration 积贫积弱,任人宰割 enduring impoverishment, long-standing debility and was for a time at the mercy of other countries 落后要挨打 lagging behind leaves one vulnerable to attacks 刻骨铭心的教训 never-forgotten lesson 中华民族伟大复兴 the rejuvenation of China 不懈努力 make unremitting efforts 与时具近keep pace with the times 第一要务 the primary task 发展是硬道理 development is of overriding importance 科学发展观 scientific outlook 和谐社会 harmonious society 互利共赢 win-win 本着……的精神 it is in the spirit of 一贯奉行 in the persistent pursuit of 双边关系 bilateral relations 祝酒 join sb in a toast
第二篇
mission 代表团
gracious hospitality友好款待 convey 转达 bosom friend 知己
thriving and robust 蓬勃向上 megalopolis 特大型城市 boast 以……为自豪
unequalled 不能与……相媲美 miraculous rise 奇迹般地迅速崛起 financial giants 金融业的巨头 business community商业界 manufacturing industry 制造业
IPR(intellectual property rights)知识产权 joint consultancy service 合资咨询服务机构 transnational corportation 跨国公司 last but not least 最后
at one's earliest convenience 在其方便的时候，尽早…… cherish 珍惜
economic recession 经济不景气
ensure a sustained growth 确保持续增长 on the occasion of 请允许我借……的机会……
第三单元：商务谈判
第一篇
进出口商品交易会 import and export commodities fair 销售部经理 sales manager supply department 采购部 brochure 宣传小册子 scope of business 经营范围 machine tool 机床 workmanship 工艺 make an inquiry 询价 quotation 报价
C.I.F Seattle 西雅图到岸价(*cost,insurance.freight)调整价格 adjust the price competitive 具有竞争力 bulk 很大
substantially 大大地 展台 exhibition stand
第二篇
经营的新品 new line of business 汽车零部件 auto parts update 调整
at the cost of 不惜以……为代价 our part 我方 发盘/报盘 offer 折扣 discount supplies 货物 free sample 免费样品 inspection 检验 floor offer 底盘 counter-offer 还盘
合同格式 format of contract 规格 specification 单价 unit price 保险费由贵方承担 the insurance premium should be born by your side business transaction 生意顺利成交
第四单元：旅游观光 第一篇
广袤无垠的中华大地 the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 绚丽多姿的自然景观 gorgeous and varied natural scenery 如诗如画 poetic and picturesque 名胜古迹 places of historic interest and scenic beauty 兵马俑 terra-cotta sodiers and horses 故宫 the Imperial Palace 五岳之首 the most famous of China's 5 great mountains 峻拔突兀 majestic and precipitous appeal 山外有山 mountains beyond mountains 融自然与文化景观于一体 embody natural scenery and cultural heritage 奇石,清瀑,古松,亭阁 grotesque rock formation, clear waterfalls,old-age pine trees and pavilions 历代文人雅士书法家 famous ancient writers,scholars and calligraphers of various dynasty 石刻碑文 stone in script ion 重峦叠嶂 peaks rising one after another 经典佳作 great classics of ancient writers of various dynasty 华夏祖先 Chinese ancestors 吉祥之地 propitious place 祭祀天地 offer sacrifices to Heaven and Earth 联合国教科文组织 UNESCO(c=cultural,其他不必说了吧?)世界自然与文化遗产 World heritage Commission
第二篇
geological accident 地质变化 the earth's crust 地壳
temperate cllimatic zone 热带地区 unique fauna and flora 珍禽奇兽,奇花异草 Great Barrier 大堡礁 Ayer's Rock 阿叶尔斯石柱山
Kakadu National Park 卡喀杜国家公园 Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院 skiing resort 滑雪场
gross domestic product(GDP)国内生产总值 camping park 野营公园
caravan and cabin 汽车旅馆,公寓住所 international cuisine 国际烹饪水准 ethnic restaurant 风味餐厅 departure tax stamp 离境印花税票 American Express 美国运通信用卡
第五单元：大会发言
第一篇
20国集团 g 20(group of 20)央行行长 Central Bank Governor 生物科技 bio-technology 科技进步日新月异 science and technology haave been making continuous progress 金融风暴 financial turbulence 贸易壁垒 trade barriers 保护主义 protectionism 取长补短 make full use of favorable condition and promote complementarity 注入新的活力 inject new vitality to 关税 tariff 减免债务 debt relief 优惠贷款 concessional load 转轨国家 countries in transition 灵活务实 flexible and pragmatic 由温饱到小康 a period of having only basic needs met to a comfortable life 历史性跨越 a historic breakthrough 底子薄 weak economic basis 全面建设小康社会 build a moderately prosperous society in an all-around way 科学发展观 the guideline of scientific development 扩大内须 expand domestic demand
科技含量高 high scientific and technological content 转变经济增长方式 the transformation of the economic growth mode 提高自主创新能力 enhance innovative ability 促进城乡区域协调发展 facilitate a balanced developent between rural and urban areas 以人为本 people-centered 顺应时代潮流 as a response to the trend of our times
第二篇
in an atmosphere of learning 在学术气氛中 incubator 孵卵器 inception 涌现 undergrad 大学生 reengineer 调整
reduce inventory 缩短开发周期 cumulative 日积月累 compound rate 复利率 operating margin 营业利率 turnover 周转次数
outstanding receivable 未清应收帐 strategic sourcing initiative 开源节流战略 customer-driven 以顾客为驱动力 service-oriented 服务型
put a new premium on 高度重视 managerial competence 管理能力 Fortune 500 companies 财富500强 expertise 专门技术 win-win thinking 双赢思维 group synergy 协作精神
hold sb.accountable for 让……放手做 hold a grudge against 怀恨在心
第六单元：宣传介绍
第一篇
地势平坦的冲积平原 a soil deposit plain land 常住居民 permanent residents 慈悬浮列车 the maglev train 长江三角洲 Yangtze River Delta 龙头作用 play a leading role 清朝乾隆，嘉庆年间 during the reigns of Qianlong and Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty 石油化工产业 the petrochemical industry 精细化工产业 the fine chemical 家用电器产业 the home electrical appliance industry 生物医药产业 the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry 支柱产业 pillar industry 历史文物保护单位 sites of historical interest and cultural relics under protection 海派文化 Shanghai regional culture 美食家 gourmet 清真 authentic Muslim 万国建筑博览会 exhibition of the world's architecture 内环线高架道路 elevated inner beltway 野生动物园 the Wildlife zoo 迎新撞钟活动 New year's Greeting Bell-striking 庙会 Temple Fair 桂花节 Sweet Osmanthus Festival 海纳百川，有容乃大 the sea admits hundreds of rivers for its capacity to hold 乘骐骥以驰骋兮 on your steed galloping 来吾道夫先路 on my road pioneering 聪明，精明，高明 bright,smart,wise
第二篇
British Commonwealth 英联邦 physically spread out 布局分散 predominant 主导 conglomeration 聚结 commute 外来工作者
prominent landmark 显著的地貌标志 Saint Paul's Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂 Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂 monarchy 君主政体 coronation 加冕礼
Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫 hub 中心 slum 贫民窟 lavish 豪华
philharmonic orchestra 爱乐乐团 venue 场所 cornucopia 各类
successive eras 各个阶段 chronologically 从历史上 repository 陈列馆
premier art collection 最重要的美术作品
striking portraits of Britons 不列颠人逼真的肖像
第七单元：参观访问
第一篇
学位点 degree program 国家级重点社科研究基地 key social science research centers 博士后科学研究流动站 post-doctoral research stations 国家级重点学科 national key disciplines 两院院士 academicians of the Chinese academy of science and the Chinese academy of engineering 网络教育 online education 科举制 imperial examination 日月光华,旦复旦兮 brilliant are the sunlight and the moonlight after night the day dawns again 人文精神 humanistic spirit 披荆斩棘,筚路蓝缕 negotiate various impediment 博学而笃志,切问而近思 extensive scholarship with unyielding dedication and earnest inquiry with close examination 治学态度 educational philosophy 取精用弘的学术思想 the academic ideology of extracting the best and exploiting the greatest 怀抱超旷的才隽学人 graduates with brilliant scholarship 高等教育发展的重中之重 priority among institutions of high learning 承前启后 inherit fine tradition and usher in the future mission 精诚团结,共襄盛举 strive together in good faith 文理工医科综合性大学 a comprehensive university with a complete range disciplines in liberal arts, science, engineering and medicine 全面提升知名度和影响力 elevate influence and visibility in all dimensions 社会转型时期 a period of social transition 百年传承之名校 a prestigious university with a century-long academic tradition and intellectual esteem
第二篇
Vancouver 温哥华
Canada’s gateway to the pacific 加拿大通往太平洋的门户 The Panama Canal 巴拿马运河 Natural ice-free harbor 天然不冻港 Manufactured goods 制成品
Lumber and paper milling 伐木、造纸 Oil refining 炼油
Metal fabricating 金属锻造 Printed matter 印刷 Real estate 房地产 Triple 增至3倍 Quadruple 增至4倍 Quintuple 增至5倍
High-rise office building 摩天办公楼 Boutique 时装礼品店 Ethnic group 少数民族团体 Planetarium 天文馆 Aquarium 水族馆 Skating rink 溜冰场 Botanical garden 植物园
Conservatory of exotic plants 异国植物花房 Maple tree 枫树 Sap 树液 syrup 糖浆
第八单元：人物访谈
第一篇：
国际清算银行行长 president of the Bank for international settlements 宏观经济 macroeconomic 浮动汇率 floating foreign exchange rate world economic projection 世界经济预计 impetus 动力 reassuring 让人放心
command economy 计划经济 fiscal policy 财政政策
surplus and deficit 赢余和赤字 deterioration 最坏；最低点 without precedent 第一次 pact 公约
curb deficits 防止财政状况恶化 pension commitments 养老金投入 yields on nominal bonds 名义收益率 deflation 紧缩
exchange rate appreciation 货币升值 domestic liquidity 国内流动资金 precipitous move 突然变动 stifle 葬送
workable measures of transition 可行的过度措施 stance 姿态
第二篇
新千年 the new millennium 新纪元 the new age 精髓 essence 陶器 pottery 京剧戏装 Costumes of Peking Opera 莫高窟复制品 the replica of the Mogao Grottoes 青铜战车 the bronze chariot 战国早期的礼仪乐器 ritual musical instruments produced early in the Warring States Period 八音度 a range of octave 音域宽 wide range 定音 tone setting 瑟，笙，箫，鼓 se, sheng, xiao, drums 整理 collate 骨哨 bone flute 摇篮 cradle 舞台服饰 performance costumes 夸张和象征的手法 exaggeration and symbolic means 名模 famous model
第九单元：文化交流
第一篇
民为贵 people being the most important 巨大活力 the immense vitality 生动写照 vivid reflection 生存权 subsistence right 立国之本 the foundation to build the country 不懈努力 make unremitting endeavor 相辅相成 the two are complementary to each other 民族先人 ancestor 初步繁荣昌盛 initial prosperity 吸收和借鉴 absorb and draw upon fruits of 祖国统一 reunification of the country 繁衍 multiply 伟大复兴 the great rejuvenation 先行者 forerunner 区域自治 regional autonomy 宪法保障 protected by the Constitution 崇高目标 lofty goal 亲仁善邻 benevolence and good-neighborliness 国之宝箴 treasured maxim
第二篇
millennium 千年 landmark 标志性 reclusive 避世隐居
Danish architect Jorn Utzon 丹麦设计师钧恩乌特松 with media access 有机会接触媒体 architectural icon 建筑业偶像
in the pantheon of 在……的万神殿中 pluck 淘汰
a complete one-off 空前绝后 was quite at odds with 相去甚远 rectilinear 垂直式
maverick genius 独树一帜的奇才 promontory 海角 backdrop 背景
in high dudgeon 一怒之下
manifold difficulties 各种各样的困难 seductive beauty 有魅力的纯美 patron 资助人
第十单元：科学报告
第一篇
中国古代药王神农氏 Shennong, the celebrated herbal master of ancient China 中医史上的萌芽阶段 the embryo stage in the development of TCM 战国时期 the Warring States Period 黄帝内经 HuangDi’s Classic of internal Medicine 神农本草经 Shennong’s herbal classic
主治、功用和毒性 primary treatments, functions and toxic character 药典 pharmacopoeia 救死扶伤 healing the sick and saving the dying 职业道德规范 professional work ethic 食补保健 food treatment approach 延缓衰老 defer senility 相互作用、互为依存 be of mutual influence and interdependence 有机的整体 an organic whole 诊断疾病 diagnose disease 阴阳对立制约 yin and yang are mutually opposing and constraining 互根互用 be interdependent and mutually promoting 消长平衡 proportionally change with the decrease of one, resulting in, or from the increase of the other 相互转化 mutually transformational 健康的要素 be essential for the maintenance of good health 指导思想 guiding concept 临床治疗方法 clinical treatment 针灸疗法 acupuncture and moxibustion 按摩推拿 medical massage 气功疗法 deep breathing exercises 赢得广泛赞誉 win worldwide acclaim 中医专业队伍 TCM professionals 综合医院 general hospital
第二篇
astrobiology 天体生物学 nitrogen 氮 hydrogen 氢 oxygen 氧气
photosynthesis 光合作用 equilibrium平衡 meteor 流星 embedded 埋植
carbon compound 碳化合物 hypothesis 假设 Antarctic 南极的 aesthetics 审美观
the Leonid meteor showers 狮子座流星雨 debris 碎片 comet 彗星
The Azores 亚速尔群岛
Infrared spectrographs 红外线摄谱仪 organic molecule 有机分子 spectrographic 摄谱的 disseminate 散布 prebiotic life 前生物生命 galaxy 银河系
第十一单元：饮食文化
第一篇
烹饪艺术 culinary art 民以食为天 food is the paramount necessity of the people 推陈出新 creative efforts 色、香、味 color, aroma and taste 摆放 layout 冷盘 cold dishes 原料 raw material 作料调配 the blending of seasoning 调味艺术 the art of proper seasoning 食物质地 the texture of food 刀功 slicing technique 乳猪 suckling pig 点心 pastries 黄酒 yellow rice wine 烈性白酒 strong white liquor 敬酒 toast with 小啜 take a sip 馒头 steamed bread 热卡 calories 主食 staple food
第二篇
food style 饮食习惯 solid diet 丰盛的食物 health food 保健餐 Little Italy 小意大利城 Germantown 德国城 native specialties 家乡特色菜
Creole accent to the food 克里奥耳口味 physical well-being 身体健康 ironic 讽刺的 preservative 防腐剂 cheese 奶酪
第十二单元：中国改革
第一篇
翻天覆地的变化 earthshaking changes 面貌焕然一新 take on a brand-new look 出/入境旅游 outbound/inbound travel 村/居委会 village committee/urban neighborhood committee 解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing 落实科学发展观 follow a scientific approach of development 以人为本，执政为民 put people first in administration 着力搞好宏观调空 concentrate on doing macro-regulatory work well 激发创造活力 stimulate creativity 实施稳健的财政政策 follow prudent fiscal policy 三农工作是重中之重 work relating agriculture, rural areas and farmers remains top priority 加强农田水利建设 intensify development of irrigation and conservancy project 多渠道转移农业富余劳动力 transfer surplus rural labor to nonagricultural jobs 推进产业结构优化升级 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure 加强生态建设 strengthen ecological improvement 推进财税体制改革 promote the reform of fiscal and tax system 加强精神文明建设 promote social and ethnical progress 加强行政能力建设和政风建设 improve the government’s administrative capacity and style of work 建设服务型政府 service-oriented government 意气风发 in high spirits 同心同德、再接再厉 united with one heart and one mind, continue our concerted and unyielding efforts
第二篇
overstate 夸大
turn one’s back on 对……封闭 anarchy 政治混乱 warlordism 军阀割据
make up lost ground 收复失地 springboard 跳板 with gusto 满怀热情
subsistence farming 自然经济 marginal productivity 边际生产力 tariff barrier 关税壁垒 bolster 保持
joint venture 合资企业
incremental capital output ratio 资本产出比率 reckon 估计
purchasing power parity 购买力平价 capital accumulation 资本积累
demographic forecasts 人口统计学上的预见 hiccup 磕磕碰碰 forerunner 前驱 dwarf 让……相形见绌
第十三单元：信息时代 第一篇
筹备会议 preliminary meeting 处理程序性问题 address procedure issue 智能化 intelligence computerization 多样化 diversification 信息通信技术 infocom technology 结构调整 architecture readjustment 升级换代 upgrading 融语音、数据、图像于一体 integrate voice date and image 宽带高速信息网 high-speed broadband information network 全方位地满足业务需求 meet various service requirements in all dimensions 制约因素 reason 宏观调控 macroeconomic control 市场管制 market regulation 规避市场风险 avoid market risks 创新的融资机智 innovative financing mechanism 资金的多元投入 for more financing channels 911事件 September 11 terrorist attack 应急系统 emergency system 数字鸿沟 digital divide
第二篇
don 穿上 scaffold 框架 thermostat 恒温计 EKG 心电图仪
telemetric system 遥测系统 emulate 仿效 symbiosis 共生现象
software programmer 软件编程师 collaborate 合作 debug 调试 neuron 神经元 tackle 解决 interstellar 星际
microprocessor 微型处理器 ad hoc 特别的 cell phone 手机
the heftiest desktop 最先进的台式机
fight off an attacking wasp 击退发起进攻的黄蜂 simpleton 傻子
emergent behavior 突发性的行为 mischievous and sinister 恶意 antithetical 对立的 resilience 应变能力 seismic activity 地震活动 geomagnetic storm 地磁风暴 a worrisome spike 麻烦 reroute traffic 改变行动路线 InterPlaNet 星际网 asteroid 小行星
unmanned probe 吾人驾驶探测器 proprietary(信息)专有
feel tingles on one’s spine 感觉到脊椎的震颤 第十四单元：外交政策
第一篇
外国使节 diplomatic envoy 复杂而深刻的变化 complex and profound changes 各种问题相互交织 various threats are intertwined 指导国际关系的准则 norms governing international relations 切实履行 implement in real earnest 以强凌弱的霸权主义 bully the weak and pursue hegemony 文明的多样性 the diversity of civilizations 万物并育而不相害 all living creature grow together without harming one another 道并行而人不相悖 ways run parallel without interfering with one another 相互借鉴、取长补短 learn from each other in mutual emulation 相互包容、求同存异 mutual tolerance, seek agreement while shelving differences 减免债务 reduce and forgive debts 军事联盟 military alliance 动辄诉诸武力 resort to use or threat of force 摈弃冷战思维 the Cold War mentality should be done away with 核武器扩散 nucleus weapons proliferation 跨国犯罪 trans-boundary crimes 生态恶化 environmental degradation 永远不称霸 never seek hegemony 维护国家主权和领土完整 safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity 睦邻、安邻、富邻政策 the policy of creating an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood 奔腾不息的时代潮流 irresistible tide of the times
第二篇
diplomacy 外交手段
monetary structure 货币组织 military deterrence 军事威慑 utmost purpose 最高宗旨 subordinate 服从于 overshadow 黯然失色 initiative 主动行动
downright distrust 不信任的传统 utility 利用 authorization 授权 sponsorship 操办 intervention 干预
take…into account 考虑到 the IMF 国际货币基金组织 trade deficits 贸易赤字 commitment 致力于 war-torn 遭受战争破坏 elite 上层人物
military alliance 军事联盟
demobilization/remobilization 遣散军队/重组军队
第十五单元：国际关系
第一篇
纪念……成立……周年 commemorate ….anniversary of the founding of 恪守承诺 commitment to
联合国宪章宗旨和原则 the purpose and the principles of the UN Charter 善邻之道 live together in peace with one another as good neighbors 划时代意义 epoch-making 里程碑 milestone 人类社会沧桑巨变 stupendous changes in human society 国际舞台风云变幻 vicissitudes in the international arena 地区热点问题 regional hot spot issue 民族分裂势力 regional separatists 极端宗教势力 religious extremist 毒品走私 drug trafficking 传染性疾病 communicable disease 坚持多边主义 uphold multilateralism 摈弃冷战思维 abandon the Cold War mentality 标本兼治 address both symptoms and root causes 裁军与军备控制 disarmament and arms control 防止核扩散 prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons 包容精神 the spirit of inclusiveness 文明多样性 diversity of civilization 兼容并蓄的和谐世界 harmonious world where all coexist and accommodate each other 休戚与共的命运 interests and destinies
第二篇
subsequent endeavor 此后的努力
humanitarian 人道主义者
refrain 不以
non-intervention 不干涉
domestic jurisdiction 内部事务
the minimum doe of conduct 最起码的行为准则
the Security Council 安理会
paralysis 瘫痪
veto right 否决权
incapacitate 无所作为
nuclear weapon proliferation 核武器扩散
communicable disease 传染性疾病
buffer conflicts 缓解冲突
enforcement 强制
meddle 管闲事
manifold 多种多样
permeate 渗透
practice tolerance 宽容忍让
transcend differences 超越差异
convergence of interests 共同利益的汇合点
coercion 高压政治
tackle 处理
第四篇：中级口译复习资料
Unit 1 在这明月中秋的良宵，我们在东海之滨的上海欢聚一堂，我代表中国政府和人民，向前来参加时代华纳集团举办的“99《财富》全球论坛”活动的朋友们，表示热烈的欢迎。
On the occasion of this moon-lit mid-autumn evening, we are very glad to get together in Shanghai on the coast of the East Sea.On behalf of the Chinese government and its people, I‟d like to extend my warm welcome to our friends who are here to attend the 99 fortune global forum sponsored by Time Warner Group.本着友好合作、相互促进、共同繁荣的精神，我谨向您和代表团的全体成员表示 最热烈的欢迎，并向您转达我石化集团全体员工的最诚挚的问候。
In the spirit of friendly cooperation, mutual promotion and common prosperity, I‟d like to extend my warmest welcome to you and all members of your delegation.Meanwhile, I‟d like to convey to you the most sincere greetings from the staff of our petro-chemical group.Interpreting Exercise 在这月光明媚的夜晚，我们很高兴同怀特先生及其同事在此欢聚一堂。孔子曾经说过，“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”// 怀特先生是我们的老朋友，是一位美中贸易的开拓者。怀特先生是上世纪70年代乒乓外交后首批来华的美国商人之一。// 自从那年起，我们同威尔逊时装公司签定了26 个合同。尽管贸易额时多时少，但我们已建立了非常牢固的互利关系。// 我们目前的合同下个月到期，明天我们将开始关于新合同的谈判，我想借此机会，为谈判的成功和我们两家公司的繁荣而干杯。
On this beautiful moonlit evening, we‟re very happy to have Mr.White and his party here with us.Confucius once said, “It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.”// Mr.White is an old friend of ours, a pioneer in the US trade with China.He was among the first American businessmen who came to China right after the Pingpong Diplomacy in the 1970s.// Since then, we have signed 26 contracts with Wilson Fashion Company.Though there have been fluctuations in the trade volume, we have developed a very solid and mutually beneficial relationship.// As our present contract is expiring next month, we‟ll begin our negotiation for the new contract tomorrow.I‟d like to take this opportunity to propose a toast to the success of the negotiation and to the prosperity of our two companies.Unit 2 Passage 1 中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但是直到1949 年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的事业。// 中国政府高度重视发展体育事业。目前，一个全国范围的体育运动网络已建立起来，这方面的开支被列入国家的预算之中。// 中国发展育运动的目的是在人民中普及体育运动，增强他们的体质，预防诸如“非典型肺炎”等各种疾病的感染。// 其次，是提高整个国家的体育技能，创造新记录，以促进经济、道德和文化的发展。Chinas sports have undergone several thousand years of development.But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the country until 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded.// The Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of sports.Now, a nationwide network for physical culture and sports has been set up and expenditure in this field has been included in the state budget.// The purpose of developing physical culture and sports in China is to popularize sports among the people and enhance their physique so as to prevent the infection of various diseases such as SARS.// Besides, it is to improve the sporting skills of the country as a whole and create new records, thus helping to promote the country's economic as well as ethical and cultural development.Passage 2 万里长城据称是唯一可以从月球上望见的地球建筑物，人们可以从位于北京西北75公里以外的八达岭区直接观望到蜿蜒连绵的万里长城。// 长城始建于战国时期，以防御北方外族人入侵。统一中国的秦始皇动用了无数人建成了今天的中国长城。// 举世闻名的长城全长6,700公里，起始于俯望渤海湾的山海关，止于甘肃省的嘉峪关。两千年来几经修整，是中华民族的历史见证。// 万里长城雄伟壮观。古代中国人在没有机械的条件下用双手修建了这样伟大的建筑真是了不起。
The Great Wall claims to be the only man-made structure on the earth which is visible from the moon.The winding Great Wall can be viewed from the Badaling district, about 75 kilometers to the northwest of Beijing.// It was built during the Warring States period to prevent invasions of nomadic people from the north.The first Qin emperor, who unified China into one country, mobilized hundreds of thousands of builders to complete what is known today as the Great Wall of China.// The world-famous Great Wall is 6,700 kilometers long from Shanhaiguan, which overlooks the Gulf of Bo Hai, to Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu province.The wall underwent repeated reconstruction during its 2000-year history, witnessing the historical changes of the Chinese nation.// The Great Wall is magnificent.It is really great that the ancient Chinese constructed such a gigantic structure without any machinery available.Unit 3 1．上海外国语学校创办于1963年，隶属于上外，是全国最早创建的几所外国语学校之一。Shanghai Foreign language school was founded in 1963.It is affiliated to SISU and isone of the oldest foreign language schools in China.这是由国家教育部和上海市教委双重领导下的全科类重点中学。学校有一支优秀的教师队伍，现有35个班级，1300名在校学生。// This is a prestigious middle school covering all the required subjects under the dual leadership of Chinese Ministry of Education and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.The school boasts an excellent teaching faculty with 35 classes and 1300 students enrolled.我校开设英，德，法，日，俄等五个语种，多方面为学生学好外语创造良好的条件。// Our school offers five foreign language programs including English, German, French, Japanese and Russian so as to provide a good environment for students to learn foreign languages well.我校还开设多种选修课，第二外语课，帮助学生扩大知识面，发展个性特长，陶冶情操，保证学生在德，智，体，美诸方面全面发展。
In addition, our school offers a large variety of optional courses and second foreign language courses so as to enlarge the student‟s knowledge scope, develop their personalities and special skills and foster their healthy values, thus ensuring the student‟s overall development in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic aspects.2．教育历来是全社会关注的热点。但是，普及教育在农村要比城市困难，在边缘贫穷地区普及教育困难更大。// 一个突出的问题是女孩子的入学问题。农村的女孩子是家庭中的重要劳动力，既要照看弟妹，又要做家务。// 不少农民虽然懂得智力投资的重要性，但是限于经济条件，他们首先要培养男孩子，因为他们认为，男孩子是家庭中最稳定的成员。而女孩子早晚要出嫁。
为此，我们专门抓了女孩的教育问题。例如，办一些护士学校和师范学校，可多招收女生，为她们多开辟就业门路。
Education has always been one of the major concerns in our society.However, it is more difficult to do so in the remote and poverty stricken areas.// An obvious problem / major issue lies with the school education for young girls.Girls in rural areas are important laborers;they have to look after their younger brothers and sisters and meanwhile, take care of housework.// Many farmers know well / are aware of the importance of education.However, due to their poor economic conditions, they focus more on the school education of their sons.They believe boys are the most stable family members and girls will(eventually)leave when they get married.// Therefore, we have made special efforts to promote education for young girls.For example, we enroll more girls in schools for training nurses and teachers, so as to ensure more and easier employment for girls(after graduation).Unit 4 1．几百年来，中国向全世界传播了其在5000年的历史长河中所积累的医疗保健知识。今天中国传统的保健方法，如太极拳，气功和按摩等，正日益显示其重要性。
据中医理论，保持身心平衡是健康的要素。太极拳，气功和按摩就是以该理论为基础的。今天世界各地学打太极拳，气功和按摩的人越来越多。这些健身之法不仅对人体健康有效，而且对心脑健康和减肥都有很好的疗效。
In the past several hundred years, China has spread to the whole world its medicare and health-maintaining knowledge accumulated in the 5000 years‟ history.Today, traditional health-maintaining methods, such as Tai Chi, Chi Kung and massage, are becoming increasingly important.According to TCM theory, it is essential to strike a balance between the body and the mind.Tai Chi, Chi Kung and massage are based on this theory.Nowadays an increasing number of people are learning Tai Chi, Chi Kung and massage.These methods are effective to people‟s physical health, their mental health and weight reduction.2．最近，中国第一次采用国际普查标准，得出了爱滋病在全国蔓延程度的最精确估计。// 根据卫生部和世界卫生组织的联合调查，在中国,有八十四万人感染爱滋病毒,其中八万人病症已相当严重。// 有关卫生部门共抽样调查了来自七个组别的十万余人，其中包括吸毒者、黑市卖血者等高危人群。// 4 为了控制爱滋病在国内传播，政府每年都要投入大量的人力和财力。目前看来，在群众中开展大规模的教育运动是一个行之有效的方法。
Recently, China has obtained its most accurate estimates yet of the spread of HIV/AIDS across the country by adopting international survey standards for the first time.//
Based on a joint survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and World Health Organization(WHO), 840,000 people in China are believed to have HIV/AIDS including 80,000 with full-blown AIDS.// Health authorities concerned have sampled(among)100,000 people in seven groups, including high-risk populations such as drug users and people selling blood on the black market.// In order to control/check the transmission and spread of AIDS, our government has spent/expended a lot of human and financial resources every year.So far, it seems that one of the effective ways is to conduct large-scale campaign(movements)among the common people / mass education / educate people on a large scale.Unit 5 Passage 1 上海是世界上最大的海港城市之一, 也是中国最大的工业, 商业, 金融, 航运中心之一.这里有着世界上最快的陆地交通工具---磁悬浮列车和亚洲最高的高塔---东方明珠塔, 它们标志着上海的速度和高度.Shanghai is one of the largest seaports in the world and one of the largest industrial, commercial, financial and shipping centers.It boasts the fastest transportation tool on land---the maglev train, and the highest TV tower in Asia---the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, both of which mark the speed and the height of Shanghai.随着经济改革的日益深化, 这座昔日被誉为远东金融, 经济和贸易中心的城市正在为促进长江三角洲的经济发展起着龙头作用.与此同时, 上海以她独特的风韵吸引着数以百万计的海内外游客.作为一座国际大都市, 上海的国际航班可直达世界上60 多座城市.With the deepening of economic reform, Shanghai, which used to be crowned as the financial, economic and trade center in the far-east, is playing a leading role in the economic development of the Yangtze River Delta Region.Meanwhile, it is attracting millions of tourists from home and abroad with its unique charm.As a metropolis, shanghai has direct flights reaching over 60 chief cities in the world.以东方明珠闻名于世的上海是中国通向世界的东大门.早在唐宋时期, 上海便是中国东部的一座外贸商镇, 与日本, 朝鲜和东南亚各国之间有着商贸关系.到了清朝乾隆, 嘉庆年间,上海成了中国东南部的大都市和海运中心.那时候, 申城里万商云集, 浦江上千帆斗艳, 好 5 一派繁荣兴旺的景象!Shanghai, which is known to the world as the oriental pearl, is China’s east gateway to the outside world.As early as in the Tang and Song dynasties, shanghai was a foreign trade town in East China and it established business relationship with Japan, Korea and southeastern Asian countries.Then during the periods of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing, shanghai became the big city and shipping center in Southeast China.At that time, there were thousands of merchants in Shanghai and there were hundreds of boats floating on the Huangpu River.How prosperous thescene was!Passage 2 London is the capital of the United Kingdom and chief city of the British Commonwealth.With a population of about 7 million and an area of 1,580 sq km, this vast metropolis is by far the largest city in Europe, a distinction it has maintained since the 17th century.In the 19th century it was the largest and most influential city in the world, the center of a large and prosperous overseas empire.Although it no longer ranks among the world‟s most populous cities, London is still one of the world‟s major financial and cultural capitals.What Londoners do for a living has changed considerably since the city was a commercial and industrial center in the 19th century.Manufacturing has steadily declined and today accounts for less than 10 percent of total employment.The printing and publishing industry is now a leading employer.Far more important is the services sector, which employs 85 percent of London’s workforce.This is led by financial and business services.Tourism is another important part of the services sector.London attracts more than 24 million visitors annually, more than half of them from outside the country.Serving tourists is thought to employ at least 300,000 Londoners.Unit 6 1.城市急剧膨胀，人口增长过速，农村人口大量移居城镇，将使城市变得想象不到的庞大和拥挤。// 城市人口的迅速增长，将对公共卫生、淡水供应、医疗保健、食品、住房、交通和就业造成极大压力，并且带来一些恶性社会问题。// 同时，由于城镇发展而失去优质农田、日益严重的空气和水质的污染使农作物受到损害。农业发展将更加步履维艰。// 地球资源目益匮乏，这也是一个不容忽视的问题。看来解决人口过激增长的问题，是摆在现代人面前的一项艰巨而迫切的任务。
The sharp expansion of cities, the rapid growth of population and the shift of a large rural population into cities and towns, will make the urban areas unimaginably expanded and crowded.// The rapid growth of urban population will put heavy pressure on public health, fresh water supply, medical care, food supply, housing, transportation and employment, and also bring about some vicious social problems.// In the meantime, the urban and township development will cause more loss of fertile farmland.The ever-increasing serious air and water pollution will damage crops.All these will form more obstacles to the development of agriculture.// The increasing shortage of resources on earth is also a major problem that cannot be ignored.It seems that the solution to the problem concerning the extremely rapid growth of population is a difficult and pressing task facing all the people in modern society.2． 当今世界，环境保护已成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题。在过去的10年中，海平面升高和森林被砍伐的速度都是前所未有的。// 生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层破坏、温室效应、酸雨、土地沙漠化等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人们的生存环境和身体健康。// 环境问题已经成为人类的最大威胁之一。环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前，全世界40%以上的人口，即24亿人面临缺水问题。// 据预测，未来25年全球人口将由60亿增长到80亿，环境面临更大的压力。人类在解决环境与发展问题上面临的困难还很多，道路还很长。// Nowadays, environmental protection has become the common issue.It is a concern of governments in various countries and people of all walks of life.Sea levels rose and forests were destroyed at unprecedented rates during the last decade.// A series of environmental problems such as the deterioration of the ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the “green-house effect”, acid rain and desertification have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health.// Environmental problems have become one of the biggest threats to human civilization.The environmental crisis has led to a serious water shortage.Presently, more than 40 percent of the world’s population-2.4 billion people-now are short of water.// And it is predicted that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more stress will be placed on the environment.There is a long way to go in overcoming problems and striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection.// Unit 7 1.Since 1980s when China adopted reform and opening policies, China has always been a focus of attention of the world as its trade relations with other countries have developed by leaps and bounds.Many foreign businessmen have found that China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and one of the best choices of their investment destinations.Today, we American businessmen are eager to learn more about trade and investment opportunities in China, especially after its accession to the WTO and its victory over the bid for 2008 Olympics and 2010 World Exposition.Many American businessmen and their lawyers now understand that they must study the laws, trade practices, and cultural traditions of China in order to be more effective in doing business with their partners.自从20世纪80年代中国实行改革开放政策以来，中国与其他国家的贸易关系发展迅速，一直是世界的焦点。// 很多外国商人发现中国是世界上经济发展最快的国家之一，也是他们投资最理想的选择之一。// 如今，美国商人渴望更多的了解，特别是中国入世、申办2008 年奥运会和2010 年世博会成功之后的，在华贸易和投资的机会。// 很多美国商人和他们的律师现在认识到，为了更有效地和他们的贸易伙伴做生意，他们必须研究中国法律，贸易惯例和文化传统。
2.As a responsible nation, we have strong interest in making global trade and investment as free as possible, as fair as possible, and so open as possible.// The past five years has witnessed a steady and sustained increase in US trade, which has produced more than one-third of our country‟s economic growth.// If we are to continue generating good jobs and higher incomes in our country, when we are just 4 percent of the world‟s population, we must continue to sell more to the other 96 percent.// With a quarter of the world‟s population and its fastest growing economy, China could and should be a big market for our goods and services.作为一个有责任心的民族，我们十分关注要使全球贸易与投资尽可能地做到自由、公正与开放的。// 过去五年中美国贸易稳定、持续增长，占我国经济增长（总量）的三分之一以上。// 如果要继续在我国创造良好的就业机会和更高的收入，我们这个人口仅为世界人口4%的国家必须继续向另外96%的人口出售更多的商品。// 中国作为一个拥有世界人口四分之
一、经济发展最快的国家，能够而且也应该成为我国商品和服务的大市场。
Unit 8 1． Ladies and gentlemen, today I would like to devote myself to the topic of globalization.The world is changing rapidly as nations reach out to establish new and expanded commercial relationships to stimulate national growth.International travel is increasingly common, and communications between countries are not only easy but also fast, thanks to the rapid development of modem science and technology.Worldwide financial networks facilitate the movement of currencies across national borders, and economic relations among nations are becoming a major consideration in foreign-policy-making.With the world economic globalization coming into being, all businessmen with different cultural and traditional backgrounds will share the benefits that modem science and technology have brought them.女士们，先生们：今天我只想谈谈全球化这个话题。世界变化飞快，为了促进本国国民经济的发展，各国都在争取建立或扩大与其他国家的商务来往。由于现代科技的迅速发展，国际旅游日趋频繁，各国之间的通讯便利捷达。国际金融网络的建立，使货币流通冲破了国界，国与国之间的经济关系成为（世界各国）制定外交关系的一个重要（考虑）因素。随着世界经济全球化的实现，有着不同文化和传统背景的商人将分享现代科技给他们所带来的好处。
2． The American computer firm Microsoft has announced that it will invest four hundred million dollars in India over the next three years.The investments will include information technology education and the development of software for the local market.// Part of the investment will be in IT education in local schools, and it will affect three and a half million students and eighty thousand teachers.// The investment in the development of software will create three hundred more jobs in the southern Indian.This was the largest investment Microsoft had made outside the United States.// As Microsoft‟s Chairman, Bill Gates pointed out that India is of strategic importance.He did not believe the suggestions that the world wide growth in the software industry would slow down.美国微软电脑公司宣布将在未来三年来印度投资4 亿美元。投资包括信息技术教育和用于当地市场的软件开发。// 其中的一部分投资将用于当地学校，涉及350 万学生和8 万教师的信息技术教育。//用于软件开发的投资将在印度南部提供300 个工作岗位。这是微软在美国以外最大的投资。// 微软总载比尔。盖茨指出，印度有重要的战略地位。他不同意世界范围内的软件业在增长会缓慢/走下坡路这种说法。
3． With the rapid spread of the Internet and the technological innovations, the information era is truly upon us, profoundly influencing and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work.// Therefore many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own “Silicon Valley.” So far, none of them will threaten the preeminence of the U.S.prototype.What makes Silicon Valley in the U.S.such a unique entity?// First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions.// Secondly, it encourages risk taking.Hence failure will not result in fear or terror.On the contrary, those computer professionals will even harder next round.因特网急速普及，技术不断创新，使我们真正地进入了信息时代，深刻地影响并改变着我们的生活和工作方式。// 因此，有些国家有了自己的“硅谷”，有些国家则正在创建自己的“硅谷”。但美国正统硅谷的龙头地位未受到威胁。那么美国硅谷为何会如此与众不同呢？// 首先，硅谷有着全球最密集的优秀电脑专业人才和最佳支持性服务系统，并且毗邻世界一流的科研机构。// 再次，硅谷鼓励冒险精神。所以失败并不可怕。相反，那些电脑专业人才会再接再厉、加倍奋斗/下次会更加努力。//
中高级口译笔试十大句型
1.leave sb the choice of...or...要么...,要么...★（选择类经典句）
Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。
The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.年过三十，要么成婚，要么单身。
2.be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事 ★（使动类经典句）
The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全国同胞都在关注我们，如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政，那将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。
The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。
If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.3.it was the memory/memories of 追溯到...★（回忆类经典句）
Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development.追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会，可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of “Zero Ground”.追溯到1945年广岛和长崎遭受原子弹攻击，从而形成了“零地带”这个术语。
4.on the premise/ground/prerequisite/proposition/hypothesis/presuuposition that 基于一个前提...★（假设类经典句）
The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China.中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。
Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。5.be bound to 必定...；一定...★（意愿类经典句）
西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展，共同繁荣。
The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large.Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.正义战争必然要战胜侵略战争。
6.a matter of sth/doing sth 与...有关的情况或问题 ★（描述类经典句）
Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart.“Eventually, being „poor' won't be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills.” 请思考一下同一个人现在及八年前说的话。“说到底，„贫穷'与其说是生活在贫穷的国家里，还不如说是技艺不精。” Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.处理这些问题全凭经验。
7.This is the similar case with/when 这恰如；正如；也会 ★（比较类经典句）
这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱，却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣，击节称赞。This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart's musical pieces.除此以外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育，信息，旅游等消费也会大量增长。
Besides, this is also the case with the citizen's expenditure such as education, information, traveling.8.be exemplified by 这一点也证明了...；这点反映在以下事实：...★（举例类经典句）
This American desire to keep the children's world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是晚些时候才告诉孩子们，这一点也证实了美国人想把儿童的世界和成人的世界隔离开的愿望。美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限，这一愿望还反映在以下事实：如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是设法晚点将消息告诉他们的子女。
The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company.This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.体力劳动者在任何场合通常都相当自在。收入档次不同的人上同一所学校，这个事实多少说明了这一点。
9.constitute...（不用于进行式）是；认为 ★（判断类经典句）
历史雄辩地说明，中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。
History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.My decision does not constitute a precedent.我的决定不应视为先例。
The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.这一失败是我们外交上的一次较大的挫折。10.witness...见证...★（发生类经典句）
a time or event witnesses sth/sb in a particular situation or doing a particular thing.经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。
The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China 在下一轮的会谈中，我们将宣布中东地区永久停火协议，对此我抱有乐观态度并充满希望。I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.
第五篇：现代农业类型
现代农业类型
现代农业一般划分为7种类型，当然由于外延的不确定性，划分标准有所不同。通常划分为以下7种：
①绿色农业：将农业与环境协调起来，促进可持续发展，增加农户收入，保护环境，同时保证农产品安全性的农业。“绿色农业”是灵活利用生态环境的物质循环系统，实践农药安全管理技术（IPM）、营养物综合管理技术（INM）、生物学技术和轮耕技术等，从而保护农业环境的一种整体性概念。绿色农业大体上分为有机农业和低投入农业。
②休闲农业：休闲农业是一种综合性的休闲农业区。游客不仅可以观光、采果、体验农作、了解农民生活、享受乡间情趣，而且可以住宿、度假、游乐。休闲农业的基本概念是利用农村的设备与空间、农业生产场地、农业自然环境、农业人文资源等，经过规划设计，以发挥农业与农村休闲旅游功能，提升旅游品质，并提高农民收入，促进农村发展的一种新型农业。
③工厂化农业：工厂化是设计农业的高级层次。综合运用现代高科技、新设备和管理方法而发展起来的一种全面机械化、自动化技术（资金）高度密集型生产，能够在人工创造的环境中进行全过程的连续作业，从而摆脱自然界的制约。
④特色农业：特色农业就是将区域内独特的农业资源（地理、气候、资源、产业基础）开发区域内特有的名优产品，转化为特色商品的现代农业。特色农业的“特色”在于其产品能够得到消费者的青睐和倾慕，在本地市场上具有不可替代的地位，在外地市场上具有绝对优势，在国际市场上具有相对优势甚至绝对优势。
⑤观光农业：观光农业又称旅游农业或绿色旅游业，是一种以农业和农村为载体的新型生态旅游业。农民利用当地有利的自然条件开辟活动场所，提供设施，招揽游客，以增加收入。旅游活动内容除了游览风景外，还有林间狩猎、水面垂钓、采摘果实等农事活动。有的国家以此作为农业综合发展的一项措施。
⑥立体农业：又称层状农业。着重于开发利用垂直空间资源的一种农业形式。立体农业的模式是以立体农业定义为出发点，合理利用自然资源、生物资源和人类生产技能，实现由物种、层次、能量循环、物质转化和技术等要素组成的立体模式的优化。
⑦订单农业：订单农业又称合同农业、契约农业，是近年来出现的一种新型农业生产经营模式。所谓订单农业，是指农户根据其本身或其所在的乡村组织同农产品的购买者之间所签订的订单，组织安排农产品生产的一种农业产销模式。订单农业很好地适应了市场需要，避免了盲目生产。
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